Nonlinear Calculations

www.dlubal.
com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Nonlinear Calculation in RFEM

February 21, 2013
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 1 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Contents:
1. Geometric nonlinearity (1st, 2nd, 3rd order, postcritical
analysis)
2. Solver setting
3. Finite elements
4. Material nonlinearity
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 2 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity
1.
2.
3.
4.
1st order (small strains)

2nd order (small strains, included effect of axial /membr. forces)
3rd order (large rotations + large strains)
Postcritical analysis
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 3 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity Axial Force Influence

1.
2.
3.
4.

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 4 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity
1.
2.
3.
4.

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 5 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity - Large Rotations

1.
2.
3.
4.

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 6 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity - Large Strains

1.
2.
3.
4.

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 7 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity Nonlinear Solver Methods

1.
2.
3.
4.

Material nonlinearities can be combined with all from above.

Nonlinear solver methods are as follows:
1. Newton-Raphson (2st order convergence)

2. Picard (~secant method, more robust for non-smooth
problems on/off type of nonlinearities)
3. Picard + Newton
4. Modified Newton-Raphson
5. Dynamical Relaxation
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 8 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Geometric Nonlinearity Nonlinear Solver Methods

1.
2.
3.
4.

Postcritical analysis (also large rotations + large strains !)
Material nonlinearities can be combined with all orders. Nonlinear

solver methods are as follows:
1. Newton-Raphson (2st order convergence)

2. Picard (~secant method, more robust for non-smooth
problems switching on/off type of nonlinearities)
3. Picard + Newton
4. Modified Newton-Raphson
5. Dynamical Relaxation
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 9 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

We solve K(u)u=f, where
K(u) is stiffness matrix, u
unknown displacement
and rotations, f is vector of
external forces. Problem is
if the stiffness matrix [K(u)]
is NOT invertable.
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 10 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

is NOT invertable.
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 11 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

is NOT invertable.
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 12 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Approaches:
Modified Newton-Raphson
If K(u) is not invertable,
use the stiffness matrix
from the previous iteration
step. If it becomes
invertable again (in some
future iteration step),
compute inversion again
(=normal NewtonRaphson).
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 13 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 14 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Important set sufficient number

of load increments (~5-10)
Elements
Contains displacement and rotational
degrees of freedom.
Set appropriate mesh density, not too
small, not too dense.
Quadrilaterals, hexahedrons are preferred over triangles and tetrahedrons :
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 15 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Linear Material Models

Isotropic Linear Elastic
Orthotropic Elastic 2D
Isotropic Thermal-Elastic
Nonlinear Material Models

Isotropic Elastic-Plastic 1D
Isotropic Elastic-Plastic 2D/3D
Isotropic Nonlinear Elastic
Orthotropic Elastic-Plastic 3D
Isotropic Masonry 2D
Deactivation of all material nonlinearities:

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 16 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

Auxetic Materials
(negative Poissons ratio)-
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 17 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 18 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

Material parameters are checked for positive definiteness, which yields conditions:
Poissons number can be also negative, for example for wood C24:
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 19 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

Ex = E0,mean , Ey = Ez = E90,mean , Gxy = Gxz = Gmean , Gyz = 0.1Gmean , xy = xz = 0, yz = 0 or yz =
Ey
2Gyz
DIN1052
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 20 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 21 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

Isotropic Nonlinear Elastic 2D
- suitable for rubbers for example

- loading and unloading
identical
(no plastic strains)
- no unloading
- different properties in
tension and pressure
21.02.2013
Basic
Vtzslav tembera
Bilinear
Diagram
Slajd 22 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

for beams
hardening
unloading
different properties in
tension and pressure
- for Bernoulli beams only (no shear)
21.02.2013
Basic
Vtzslav tembera
Bilinear
Diagram
Slajd 23 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

-
von Mises
hardening
unloading
identical in tension/pressure
negative diagram not allowed
(von Mises)
Basic
- z.B.
21.02.2013
Bilinear
Diagram
o.k.
not o.k.
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 24 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Plastic Calculation Recommendation for Steel
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 25 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

- suitable for wood
- orthotropic material +
orthotropic yield surface
- no hardening (yet)
- unloading
21.02.2013
(Model Tsai-Wu)
- Important : this condition is valid in local
coordinate system only!
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 26 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

TU Dresden, simulation/meassurement of wood timber with hole
Future : Orth. Elastic-Plastic 2D (faster), multi-surface plasticity

21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 27 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

- Limit Settings According to Codes
(no strength in pressure is possible to simulate!)
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 28 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/

- Real world example masters thesis from VUT Brno, the
St. Jakubs church was damaged by wall cracks, the model
tested more hypotheses and proved that the problem was
caused by sudden sinking of the bottom layer of the church.
This happened due to exploring underground catacombs.
- Numerical constant CH, hardening, stabilize the calculation
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 29 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
- Real world example masters thesis from VUT Brno, the

St. Jakubs church was damaged by wall cracks, the model
tested more hypotheses and proved that the problem was
caused by sudden sinking of the bottom layer of the church.
This happened due to exploring underground catacombs.
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 30 z 31
www.dlubal.com/
http://rfem.com.pl/
Thank you for your attention
21.02.2013
Vtzslav tembera
Slajd 31 z 31

Nonlinear Calculations

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nonlinear Calculations

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.dlubal.

Nonlinear Calculation in RFEM

1st order (small strains)

Geometric Nonlinearity Axial Force Influence

1st order (small strains)

1st order (small strains)

Geometric Nonlinearity - Large Rotations

1st order (small strains)

Geometric Nonlinearity - Large Strains

1st order (small strains)

Geometric Nonlinearity Nonlinear Solver Methods

1st order (small strains)

Material nonlinearities can be combined with all from above.

1. Newton-Raphson (2st order convergence)

Geometric Nonlinearity Nonlinear Solver Methods

1st order (small strains)

Material nonlinearities can be combined with all orders. Nonlinear

1. Newton-Raphson (2st order convergence)

Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

Postcritical Analysis Snap Through Mechanism

Important set sufficient number

Quadrilaterals, hexahedrons are preferred over triangles and tetrahedrons :

Linear Material Models

Nonlinear Material Models

Deactivation of all material nonlinearities:

Linear Material Models

Linear Material Models

Linear Material Models

Linear Material Models

Ex = E0,mean , Ey = Ez = E90,mean , Gxy = Gxz = Gmean , Gyz = 0.1Gmean , xy = xz = 0, yz = 0 or yz =

Linear Material Models

Nonlinear Material Models

- suitable for rubbers for example

Nonlinear Material Models

Nonlinear Material Models

Plastic Calculation Recommendation for Steel

Nonlinear Material Models

Nonlinear Material Models

TU Dresden, simulation/meassurement of wood timber with hole

Future : Orth. Elastic-Plastic 2D (faster), multi-surface plasticity

Nonlinear Material Models

Nonlinear Material Models

- Real world example masters thesis from VUT Brno, the

Thank you for your attention

You might also like