EXAMPLES & IDEAS Design of members and connectionsExample 6.5m — 8x2.0=16.0m The figure show the typical truss of an industrial building: It is required to : a) Design suitable section for the truss members A&B. b) Design Connections C&D using 16mm. diameter ordiSolution a) Design suitable section for the truss members A&B. Member (A)| => Lower chord > JL. 1) Data *Length = 200 cm + Force= +12 ton(Case A) * lbin =Distance between joints = 200 cm * Lbout = Distance between long. bracing = 400 cm 2) Choice of section a— From Stress Condition A, -——Foree ton ___ 12 _ 49. 98 om? pelted 0.85% Fe (t\ cm?) 0.85s1.4 08 om Ag = 19:08 5. 04cm* Jasett i Choose i. 60x60x6} a:= 6.0em b — From Construction Condition minimum angle Anig= 11-1436 =1.1 3+1.6=5.280m a2 = 5.28 cm Oy & Ag to 2SBMAngle I Jgliad) Ge sks 3 Choose 1 60x60x63) Checks L. 60+60s6 <= A=6.91Cm? e=1.69Cm T_= Ty=1.82 Cm Anet = 2[ Agross.— ($+ 0.20m)+ ti] = 2[6.91- (1.6 +0.20m) + 0.6 ] = 9.50 cm? a) Stress Tenet _ Force _ 12, 2 *St= Ta = 950 — 1:26 thom Lajlun 6 hangles JI itu! < Fe = 1.40 t\ cm? (Safe) b) Slenderness Ye = Te, Joe) bo = 1.82 em assume tcp = 1 em Ty = VTi +(e+ ty? = y 1.82%(1.69 +5 =2.85 em = loin _ 200 _ => + Min= pen fae 109 < 300 (Safe) + Nou aut = 402 - 140.8< 300 = (Safe) C) Length to depth ratio (Deflection) L 200 em 200 cm ‘ToT a0 = 33-3 < 60 = (Safe) a) Construction Requirements minimum angle @ min = 1.1439 =1.1%3 «1.6=5.280m L60x60x6 | > OminMember (B) = Upper chord => TT 1) Data «Length = 200 cm + Force=-—18 ton(Case B) * loin = Distance between joints = 200 cm * Lbout = Distance between Purlins = 200 cm 2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume Fy =0.75+1.20t\cm? assume, out = Nin =100 wAg = Loree. -__18 _| . ig, tom __200 9, 0.78.1.20 | “°100-—- =a 30g, = 20.0 cm? _ a A 200 <> a= 6B gL =“ «100 = Lbeut . 200 2 “ 7, 0.454, = 10.0 cm? y 44 3 > a3= 4. cm Choose HE») 80%80%8 ° SU Oey - At t(920r%3) _ 8.0+6.6 we oO 7.3 em Choose IL 7547547 > minimum angle Ajj = 1.1*3 9 =1.143 «1.6 =5.280m3) Checks 7507507 0.1 Cm? =e. a) Class. of section m= 1.37 Cm b _ 75 23 __ 23 - bi Lig 7 < =—23_ ~ 14.84 t=7| le t 7 10.7 F, Bt F => The section is non-compact (Code page 12) a b) Buckling Ve = Te, Jae) + = 2.28 om assume tcp = 1 em Ty = VTL +(er ey? = ¥ 2.28%(2.09 +49)? =3.45 om = loin _ 200 _ = + hin pon” Gag 7 87-72< 180 (Safe) _ Ubout _ 200 _ = * out = pat = Gag 7 57-97 < 180 (Safe) C) Stress Nemax, = 87-72< 100 4 Fy =1.26 [1.4- 6.5 10° max, J=1.2+[1.4- 6.5 +10 (87.72)] = 1.08 t\ cm? +f = actual stress =force ___18 __ 0.89 t\ cm? < Fo = (Safe)Design of tie plate hy S Amaz. t t ~ = < <7. 72 = Ty. 146 < 87.72— VU SW 1.45% 87.7, 1270em < 127em > 4+ >) Use one tie plate at the middle of memberb) Design Connections C&D using 16mm. diameter ordinary bolts. M16 ordinary bolts grade (4.6) Connection (C) Rsnear = QW « As eT Ry =F, +O Emin « Fup = 4 t\ cm? * O = 1.60m for st.37 + Fy, ———> = 3.6 t\ cn? 2 *Q = 0.25 Fup *As =e * Take e>20=3.2 cem—= > = 0.8 2 2 + Rss = (0.25 Fy) * md * 1 =(0.25¢4),11-9 = 2.01 ton * Ros =(0.25 Fy) * Tr d? 4 Ry =(X# Fy) +d tin = 0.8 «3.6% 1.6 % tmin = 4.6 tmin *2=24Rss =4.02ton Member (1) 60+ 6006 te, L + tmin = lem or 230.6 em = 1.2em —>|tmin = lem + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton R =|4.02| «R Ds R =|4.02 ton Heast (7 Pe 4.60 Least sn,= Force _ 3.0 _9 75 —>/2 Bolts Rreast 4.02 Compression force ——> No need to check block shear ruptureMember (2) te, + tin = 10m + Ro= 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton Ros = R DS * rear a = 4.60 _Force__ - Rieast+1.2 4.02+1.2 eN2= W754 75%7 or 4.02) Rieast 18.0 L 240.7 em = 1.4em —> = 3.73 ——> tmin = 10m =|4.02 ton 4 Bolts Compression force —» No need to check block shear rupture Member (3) te. + tmin = Tom L70%70%7 te or 0.7 em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 0.7 =[3.02 ton tmin = 0.7 em 2.01 R Rss= -(2.07t * Least D vn 8.02 Least =|2.01 ton Force 2.50 eNg= = = 1.20 = >|2 Bolts Ricast 2.01 Check block shear rupture + Take e =3.5 cm e,P | P=5.0em>P,,=36 7 + m= S54 2807 3.400em = Fad | *L=et t*P=3.5+ 145 =8.5em tAne =[L—(n-0.5)(0+0.2)] at. Shear =[8.5 -(2-0.5)(1.6+0.2)]_ 0.7 =4.06cme Ant =[M—- 0.54(9+0.2)] ate Tension = [ 3.40-0.54(1.6 + 0.2 )] 40.7 =1.75em?* P = 0.4Fy Anet sneart 0.725 Fy Anet rension = 0.442.444.06 +0.725% 2.44 1.75 = 6.94 ton * Check — > P= 6.94ton >Tension force = 3.0ton =——> Safe — No B.S.R failure Member (5)| 1° 7047007 te. L + tmin = Tom or 240.7 em = 1.4em —=>|tmin = 10em + Ro= 4.6 tmin = 4.6* 1 =[4,60 ton R =|4.02| eR DS R =|4.02 ton beast 5 = 4.60 Teast Force 3.50 aN = — ee ee = 0.87 ——> 2 Bolts Ricast 4.02 Compression force —» No need to check block shear rupture Connection (D) ® Members (1,2)] 1.604606 Design as continuous member ember A ZL60zE Mere top tL * tmin = 10m or 240.6 em = 1.2cm —=>|tmin = fom + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton Ricast -»(7 F 2s =|4.02 Rieast =|4.02 ton «Ry ton. = 460 ‘Least F,-F, Fes. —> Design force { 12~(~3) =[15 Sl F3 Cos & — Fy Cos 6 Cos42 —(-3.5Cos42) =7.1aNy2— Force _ 15 Rreast 4.02 Continuous Joint <> No need to check block shear rupture = 3.70 — > |4 Bolts Member (3)| 170+ 7007 te, cb + tmin = fern or 20.7 em = 1.4em —=>|tmin = 10m + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton + Ricast cr ar Rieast =|4.02 ton Force 6.0 aN sg= —— = —— = 1.50 => [2 Bolts Rueast 4.02 Check block shear rupture *Take e=3.5cem ft P P=5.0em>P,,=36 "IGG Mii. | + m= -25t 27020-7315 ¢m * L=et 1*P=3.5+ 1%5=8.5em tAnt =[L—-(n-0.5)(O+0.2)Jaty Shear =[85 -(2-0.5)(1.6+40.2)]_ 0.7 =4.060m? *Ant =[M- 0.5%(9+0.2)]at_ Tension =[ 3.15 -0.54(1.6 + 0.2 )] 50.7 =1.580m? * P=Rp = 0.4Fy Anct sheart 0.725 FyAnet tension = 0.442.444.06 +0.7254 2.44 1.58= 6.64 ton * Check ——> 2P = 13.3ton >Tension force = 6.0ton =——> Safe — No B.S.R failureMember (4)| 170+ 707 te. ub + tmin = Tern or 240.7 em = 1.4em —=>|tmin = fom + Ro= 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton Ricast (* F 2s =[4.02 Rieast =[4.02 ton «Ry OR. 460 Least Force 3.5 aN4= ———— = = 0.87 —>|2 Bolts Rreast 4.02‘xample January 3000mm For the shown figure, it is required to design member (a-—b) for compression force —30 ton. (Case A) using M20 pretensioned bolts. Then design the bolted connection at point (a) using M20 pretensioned bolts (grade 10.9) with connecting angles. Solution — 3.0 Member (ab)| > qt 80 1) Data «Length =V 300% 300 = 424cm * Force = —30 ton(Case A) 424cem * [bout = Distance between joints = 424 om * loin = Distance between joints Buckling) Ulidl 7 JI ZY US 4 Star shaped plain! Jak UI lad yaS Joli oF 0.30 ga shod T II 455 angles back to back plidiw! ac jum 5 0.380 ly, B y, Star shaped plain! Jak UU Indout yylie Buckling length JI jf cum »2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume Fy =0.75 t \crm® lsassume A, out = Nin =100 tAg _=—foree_ ___30_| Usout 424 aor F, 0.75 | “°100-— =a Bay = 40.0 cm? > ag=[17.15 em! wa -Agah _ 40.0 tg = = = 20.0 cm? Choose eS» 11101 10*10 Oey - 21 t%2 _11410.15 2 = 11.07em Choose IL 110*110%*10 > minimum angle Anni, = 1.1*3 > =1.1*3 +2.0=6.6 om 3) Checks L110*110%10 |= A=21.2Cm? e=3.07 Cm iz 1 =4.23 Cm T= 2.16 Cm Ta = Tu dor) b+ = 4.23 om 7 a) Class. of section >» 75 _ 23 __23 _ t=11 k + 7 = 10.7 < Wy "war 14.84 = = The section is non-compact (Code page 12) “Sa b) Buckling * Nout = ee = ee = 100.2< 180 = (Safe) 4C) Stress Amax.= 100.2 >100 _ 7500 _ 7500 _ +Fy = Knee = 790.2" 0.74 t\em force 30 +f¢ = actual stress “2eAgL “Dene 0.707 t\ cm? (Safe and economic) Design of tie plate a uv < Anaw. t t S< 100.2—> I € 2.164100.2 =216.40em Ty. 2.16 UW < 216.4cem > + > Use one tie plate at the middle of member Design of connection (A) Ys SoS lees Jol! ama y syed! ga Truss members JI Glo 4223 Loy ysPage 106 F de —*~———» = mom co © ui6(Grade aa fs 4.93 t No Block shear rupture for stip-critical connection For n;| ——> Shear Connecting 110%110%10 with gusset plate on,= Force _ __30___ 6 og — [@ Bolts ou fen Ps 4.93 Sar shoped [For nz| ——> Shear Connecting gusset plate with connecting angles Force 30 Nee aOrce _ _vV ___ = aN2 + Ps 224.93 3.04 4 Bolts For n3| ——> Shear + Compression Connecting the column with connecting angles Neglect the compression force and design only on shear c< *Q =30Cos45 = 21.12 ton *C =30Sin45 = 21.12 ton sat ha + Bhs oad al Sue Lagat aie puledl gle Laka! Jlaal cy Lalo Force 21.12 18, bolt ach aNg= > Sag = 4:30 = 6 Bolts ide ey SeruennExample —— 4 3000mm 3000mm For the truss shown, it is required to : 1) Design economic section for member (A) F=+32t, and for member (B) F=-1.5t. Note Use Unequal angles for member (A) 2) Design the joint in the enclosed dotted rectangle using M16 ordinary bolts (Grade 4.6), then draw it to scale 1:10 Member (C) ——> 15545545 F=+07¢t Member (D) —=>) -IL 9049049 F=-35 t Member (A)|=> Lower chord => JL 1) Data «Length = 300 cm * Force=+382 ton(Case A) * loin =Distance between joints = 300 cm * Lbout = Distance between long. bracing = 900 cm For economic section Loout>>>> loin ————— Use unequal angles2) Choice of section A, = —Foree (ton) 82 : = Fr (¢\ em?)+0.85 7400.85 26.89 cm’ Ag, = 26.69 _ 13.45 cm? wots Choose __ 120+80+«8 a=80mm=8.00em > minimum angle nh Open = 1-143 =1.143 41.6 =5.280m 8.0m obo Gli gball 65 shy pleut! © 1 Bem —! 420m —! Y 3) Checks |x fii] LE | L. 120+ 80+ 8 Ln & rithestts———p «4 = 15.5 Cm? x FRE =e [Reiley 4% = 3.88 cm Sa z ,_= 3.82 Cm y Me ry=2.29 Cm Anet = 2[ Agross.— (6 +0.20m) + ti ] = 2[15.5— (1.6 + 0.2m) + 0.8 ] = 28.12 cm? a) Stress _ Force_ _32 _ 2 + St Ane 7 BB. 2” 1.14 t\om Laplan (3 gilangles Ji tol! < Fr = 1.40 t\ cm? (Safe) b) Slenderness Uy ae Jgsedl gi Ls sSee Unequal angles IL J! yl» Te = Ty_ dares! o =2.29 omx Y ja t Ui tcp=1 em x Yia Nye VTE +(e 2)? = V 3.82%(3.83 +40)? =5.77 em + in= eit = 300-431 < 300 = (Safe) | bs| + Nous = —eout = 902 = 155.72 < 300 = (Safe) C) Length to depth ratio (Deflection) L _ 300 ‘= Se aad =87.5 < 60 = (Safe) ———> |Use_1_120+80+8 da) Construction Requirements minimum angle @ min = 1.1436 =1.143 41.6=5.280m L 120x80x8|a = 8.0 cm > Amin Member (B)| = Diagonal > | 1) Data «Length = y 15074150? =212 cm « Force=—1.5 ton(Case A) * loin = Distance between joints = 212 cm * Loout= 424 em2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume Fy = 0.6040.75 t \crm? sassume A, out =100 A, force _ 1.5 6 100 = Lbeut. - 424. gL R04 100 =~ = 6.2002 = 3.383 cm? —ag=(27.2 cm tables Choose ———> __ 45 *45*5 a, +Qa2 hay = SYA OR | ASB _ 12 50m L130 «130 «12 2 angles back to back pludiw! wai UU lie a5 angle J! ode 2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume Fy, =0.75 t \cm? sassume A, =X nm = 100 wAg = Lome = 1-5 | gg Lom _ 212 oc A 0.75 | °° 100= = 9a = 2.0 em? —az= 7.06cm . Agi __2.0 +100 - Lbout_ _424 wt “ ty 0.4503 = a3=[9.42 cm =1.0¢ Choose “ies 9g *30« 3 2S a; +(%20r a3 Gay = (s ) 24982. 6 240m Choose IL 60+*60«6 > minimum angle Anin= 1.1439 =1.143 41.6 =5.280mL 60606 = A =6.91Cm? e=1.69Cm Ve = Ty =1.82 Cm 3) Checks a) Class. of section y b _60_ 23 23 | + e710 < Wy er 14.84 => The section is non-compact (Code page 12) ‘a b) Buckling Ye = Te, JA) bo = 1.82 om assume tep = 1 em * Nin= pe - 22 - 74.38< 180 — (Safe) _ _Ueow _ 424 _ * Nout = Tae 2.85 148.7< 180 = (Safe) C) Stress Nmmaz,~ 148.7< 100 _ 7500 _ 7500 _ 2 +Fo “EF . 148.7 7 0.34 t\cm force 1.5 2 +f¢ = actual stress =5—— = ~——"_ = 0.11 t\ em 2eAg_ 26.91 (Safe but waste) You can try using IL 55*55*5Design of tie plate SP Ay < he ~ Amaze. YD DLP gs 448.7 W € 1.176 148.7 =174 em - < . 7 = Ty. 1.17 UW < 174cem > +- a2 > Use one tie plate at the middle of memberDesin of connection (1) @D Member (C) — L55s5525 —> F = +0.7t as Member (D) —>L.90+90+9 —> F = -35 t Member (E) —> 765545545 > F = -2¢t M 16, Grade 4.6 Rshear = b+ Ag+ | | Ry = Fo +detmin + Fur = 4 t\ om? * d= 1.6 em « FP, LoS, = 3.6 t\ ome 2 *Qb = 0.25Fup +Ag = a* * Take e>20=3.2 cem—=— > C& = 0.8 2 2 Td. 1=(0.25« 4.709) + Rs.s= (0.25 Fup)* =2.01ton = Td’, 2. - * Rp.s = (0.25 Fup) * Z *2=2+Rss =4.02ton Ry =(X# Fy) + d* tinin = 0.8 4 3.6% 1.6 % tin = 4-6 tmin Member (C)| 5545545 te, tL + tmin = Torn or 0.5 em —>|tmin = 0.5 em * Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 0.5 =[2,30 ton * Ricast “Ch 7 ao Rieast =|2.01 ton = Force _ 0.70 _ om *me= Rieat 2-07 = 0.38 —=>|2 Bolts | Minimum = > Check B.S.RMember (D)| 190+ 9009 te. L + tmin = Verh or 240.9 em = 1.8em —>|tmin = fom + R= 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 1 =[4.60 ton * Rieast = Ros =|4.02 Ricast =|4.02 ton Ry, = 4.60 Force 35 aNy= ————= 77 = 10.1 > 6 Bolts Rieast 4.02 => Long joint — > Upper chord = > we have to use VI. splice for members 1&2 For 7, =P MUL y Blas JS 4 > assume Foy = Fnin = 35t0N — 2 wpper chords J! gi il +Ns,= Loree Rus =44*Rss dyglacte Ricast x 2tL Ry = H+ Fede tmin ts tap + 2 tsp —— «Ry s=4+Rs.s = [8.04ton| bsp. IN. Vertical splice top 2«tsp 2etL *tmin =l1eomt+2«tem or 240.9 em => |tmin = 1.8 em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.60 * 1.8 =[8.28 ton| Force 35 Nh, = ———__ = SSS = a Nsp : 3.0 4.35 5 BoltsFor Naisf. 2 upper chords J| 43 35H) SWL 4 bli ae? 2d dale two members I) b2 Gol ob G5 Yery UL 5 BS Nay JI OY + Splice Jl, No need to check block shear rupture in case of splices [Member (E)| —-.55+55«5 te, tL * tmin = 10m or 0.5 em — tmin = 0.5 em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 * 0.5 =[2,30 ton + Rieast (7 Bos [2.01 Rieast =|2.01 ton R, = 2.30 Minimum 2 bolis for each Force 2.0 a Fay = 1-0 = |4 Bolts 1 the Recast 2-07 star shaped #Ne=Desin of connection (1) Member (A) —>1L120+80+8 —> F = +32¢t Member (B) —>L60s60+6 —> F = -1.5t Mb Member (EB) —>7455+55e5—> F = -2t @ Member (A)| —-120+80+8 + tmin = 100R, or 200.8 em = 1.6cm —>|tmin = 1em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6 +1 =[4.60 ton * Ricast = R as 4.02 Ricast =|4.02 ton R, = 4.60 sn,= Force _ _32 _+ 96 — 8 Bolts > 6 Bolts Ricast 4.02 => Long joint — => Lower chord —> Hz. splice For Nsp => assume Fy, = 2 = 16t0n * Rs.s = 2.01 ton top tL *#tmin =1em or 0.8 cm — |tmin = 0.8 em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.60 + 0.8 =[3.68 ton Force _ _16 _1+o¢ _[@ Bolts Ricast 2.01 . 4 Bolts at each side # Nsp=For ng _F-F Fi -Fy _ 32-16 _ +m = HR 0g 7 8:90 =| 4 Bolts Zins ¥ UA Ayyluste2 lower chords II opi FyHll WL 4 JSlae JS gY + gob U Lael Gd lower chord II yi julia) Glas yl 32t B 32t < @ —_ Member (B)| L602 6006 te, L + tmin = Tom or 240.6 em = 1.20em —>|tmin = 10m * Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6* 1 =[4,60 ton + Ricast “Ci os AM 02} Ricast =[4.02 ton F , . 1.5 Minimum +ne= —2Oree _ 13 = 0.38 —=>[2 Bolts Rreast Compression force ——> No need to check block shear rupture[Member (E)| 5545545 + Bal bye dees WI gliss I WW 4 Connection (1) ys tuned 3 Notes Hz. splice JI pry gia: prea) Jol JS jlabl awl wre Gey -) .VL splice JI y ApY) GIL ys Splices I! Jac pyb ¥- 1 Continuous members J| Uy 45 - Of of tabs. GILLS Led two members JI glS 15) Lb UL. gs - sake 459) y ad Lana Details JI y cp5! v9 wd Rare purl polsExample = _ January 2002 For the shown truss : a) Design the marked members. b) Design the connection enclosed by dotted rectangle, using 16mm diameter non-pretensioned (ordinary) bolts grade (4.6) Consider the end distance equals 3 times the bolts diameter It is not allowed to use number of bolts in any member more 6 bolts. C) Draw the part enclosed by dotted to scale 1:10. 2m Solution a) Design the marked members. Member (1) —D>F = -32 t Member (2) —>F = +29t Member (3) (DF = -5t Member (1)| = Upper chord => “WT 1) Data «Length = 200 cm i = 2m shal golene plat! Jbl S61 Sq [OT ———_ Bybrall Jose) Ula gb gis! Jl) | By) Joel Ue gs Se ¥ Uy . Fink Truss J\ Ju 2m |« Force = —32 ton * lbin = Distance between joints = 200 cm * Lbout = Distance between Purlins = 200 cm 2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume F, =0.75 t \crm? nassumeD out = Nin = 100 weAg = Loree. _ 82 _ = 100 = Lbin__ -200 90.75 100 =~" = 0.30ap = 42.6 cm? = az=[6.7em| . Agi _ 42.6 «100 = Lbeut 200 wg, = HG “ Ty 0.4503 a3= 4.4 em = 21.3 em? as tables Choose ———>) L_ 110+*110410 53) a1 +( %20r a3 ay = Sr tf oxOres) = Ut 67 6.850 Choose IL 90*90+9 > minimum angle Arig = 1.1439 =1.143 «1.6=5.280m y | L 90190%9 3) Checks eta 4 = 15.5 0m? —— and e =2.54 Cm = =2.74 Cm . m= 1.76 C a) Class. of section . ™ b 90 _ ae =o] +paF=10 < fe -= = 14.84 is => The section is sn conn (Code page 12)b) Buckling Ye = Tx, Jae) o = 2.74 em assume tcp = 1 cm Ty = VTL +(e ey = ¥ 2.74%(2.54 +40)? = 4.09 om __loin _ 200 _ = + in= pobre 7 73:0 < 180 (Safe) Ubout _ 200 _ = * Nout = Tae Gog 7 49:0 < 180 (Safe) C) Stress Nmaz.= 73-0 < 100 # Fy = 1:4-6.5 610° Mmaz, = 1-4 6.5 ¥10°(73.0)" = 1.05 t\ cm? *he = actual stress = force _ —i2_. 1.03 t\ em? 2eAg_ 2% 15.5 (Safe and economic) Design of tie plate Rey S Mac. t vt 1 196 < 92.2 —@ VD ¥<1.76%73.0=1290em VL . UW < 129em > + => Use one tie plate at the middle of memberMember (2)| = Lower chord => i 1) Data «Length = 200 cm + Force= +29 ton(Case A) * loin = Distance between joints = 200 cm * Lbout = Distance between long. bracing= 800 cm 2) Choice of section a-— From Stress Condition Force ton 29 : 91 = Dasa Fe (i ont) OBSal dot Bb om’ poitea 205% Fe (t\ cm?) 0.8541.4 Ag = 1218 ~ 742. 180m? Jaret je Choose 11 80x%80x8 |} a:= 8.0em b — From Construction Condition minimum angle Ann = 1.1436 =1.1 341.6=5.280m dp = 5.28.0 Bolted Conn. pci Uhidl Gs Gols 4Y Bolted Connection Ls! Li,6 Oy & Ag & agi pS BWAngle I} Jylaadl jo jbss ”3 Choose | 80x%80x8— A=12.38Cm? | _* @ =2.260m Ve = Ty =2.42 Cm 3) Checks 4 L 80+80s8 i y Anet = 21 Agross — (o4+0.20m) + ti] = 21 12.38— (1.6 + 0.2m) + 0.8 ] = 21.72 cm? a) Stress ————_ Tension _ Force _29 2 ft Gre > Bare ~ 134 W\or angles J}intn| < Fe = 1.40 t\ cm? (Safe) J Lylan b) Slenderness Vey = Te Jae) o = 2.42 om assume tcp = 1 cm Ty = VTL +(er fey? = ¥ 2.42%(2.26 +40)? =3.67 om + Dine eit = 208 = 82.6 < 300 = (Safe) Tx, 2.42 loout _ 800 = => * Nout Te, 367 218 < 300 (Safe) C) Length to depth ratio (Deflection) L _ 200 200 ‘>= = a = 88 < 60 = (Safe) da) Construction Requirements minimum angle @ min = 1.1436 =1.1%3 «1.6 =5.280m L 802802x8 | > AminVertical member at Member (3)| > Long. Bracing qt 1) Data «Length = 175 em « Force=—S5ton(Case A) * lbin = Distance between joints = 175 cm * loout=175 cm 2) Choice of section From stresses From buckling sassume Fy =0.75 t \cm? sassume A, out = 100 vA, = Loree -_5_ 100 = Loot 175 9 0.75 100=—7 = 0.38ap = 6.67 cm? = ag=[4.6em weAg, = Agt = $67 IL 2 2 = 3.33 cm? tables Choose ———> L_ 45 * 4545 Qa = aunee 45+ 4.6 _ 4.55em 2 > minimum angle Ain = 1.1439 =1.143 +1.6=5.280mChoose IL 90+90+9 ly | | L 5545545 3) Checks goth, 4 =5.82Cm? — | T= 2.09 Cm i y= 1.07 Cm a) Class. of section +b 2582 44 <¢-= = 14.84 t=4| fs uv Vv — The section is non-compact (Code page 12) a b) Buckling Te = Tu doe! o = 2.09 em 4 Ubout _ 175_ = = <180—=> * Nin Tq 2.09 =64< 18 (Safe) Cc) Stress Amar. 84.0 < 100 thy = 14-65 « 10° Nmax, = 1.4- 6.5 «10°(84.0)* = 0.94 t\ em’? +o = actual stress = LOTCE _ x cegy = 0.47 t\ om! SS (Safe but waste) Design of tie plate hy S Imac. ee Ty. 1.76 S< 84.0 > I € 1.07484.0=900m t <90 em > + > Use one tie plate at the middle of memberb) Design the connection enclosed by dotted rectangle, using 16mm diameter non-pretensioned (ordinary) bolts grade (4.6) Consider the end distance equals 3 times the bolts diameter It is not allowed to use number of bolts in any member more 6 bolts. Desin of connection (A) 1 4 5 Member (1) —>1790+90«9 — F = -32 t 3| Member (4) —>1 9029049 —> F = -29t Member (3) —> 445545645 F=-5t Member (5) —> | 70%70e7—> F = +4t Rsnear = M+ Ag+ Ry =F, +Oxtmin « Fyy = 4 t\ crn’? * @ = 1.6 em for st.37 + Fy =>} = 3.6 t\cm? 5 *% = 0.25 Fup «As = Od “4 * Take e>3b= 48cm — > & = 1.2 + Rs.s= (0.25 Fyy)+ Te *1=(0.2544)s (1.8) =2.01 ton « Rp.s = (0.25 Fup) * Troe +2=24Rss =4.02ton «Ry =( CX # Fy) *d* tmin = 1.2 3.64 1.6 4 tmin = 6.9 tmin Member (1,4)| 1 90+90s9 = Continuous member t t L ttmn=1ermh or 240.9 em = 1.80m —=>|tmin = 10m « Ry=6.9 tmin = 6.9*1 =[6.9 ton) + Prenat (2 Fe ps =|4.02 Ricast =|4.02 ton vm @gle y gla! yuk Leal Upper chord tt, g2092 90) 2 members I) gf tus - Continuous member Last gle Lenarectt pe UY el WI as anya = Pte Rrcast 32-29 3 Use minimum = =—t_= ———— 4.02 4.02 0.75 2 Bolts = — For continuous member =—— No B.S.R Check Member (3) 3b 9545545 te, Lb * tmin = 10m or 0.5 em + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 6.9 * 0.5 =[3.45 ton! = >|tmin = 0.5 em + Riecast Ch ps = 12.01 Rieast =|2.01 ton Force 5 0 Minimum» sorts for each aga FO = Soy = 2:48 ==> [4 Bolts |angie of the Ricast . star shaped [Member (5)| L70+70«7 te, & + tin = Tom or 0.7 em * Ry = 4.6 tmin = 6.9 * 0.7 =[4.83 ton R =(2.01 + Ricast ps Ricast eas CR. ar eas anc= Force _ 4.0 =20 Riest 2-07 = >|tmin = 0.7 em =|2.01 ton 2 Bolts | Minimum => Check B.S.RDesin of connection (B) Member (2) —>1L80s80«8 —> F = +29 t 7 Member (6) —>1L7547547 —> F = +26 t 2@ 6 Member (3) —> 745545545 F = -5 t Member (7) —> 47067067—> F = +4t Member (2) | 1-.80+80.8 + tin = 107, or 2s 0.8em = 1.6em —=> tmin = Tom + Ry =6.9 tmin = 6.9* 1 =[6.9 ton + Rican (7 Pos =[4.02 Rieast =[4.02 ton R,= 6.90 +N3= force. = 22.0 — 7.20 —>» 8 Bolts > 6 Bolts = > Long joint — > Lower chord — > Hz. splice For Nsp > assume Ff, =" = 2 = 13 ton *Rs.s =2.01 ton tep tu *tmin = tem or 0.8 cm ==> |tmin = 0.8 em + Ro=4.6 tmin =6.9 *0.8=|5.52 ton +Ns,= Force _ 13.0 _¢ 59 —[@ Bolts Ricast 2.01 4 Bolts at each sideFor nq _f-Fy _ B-B _ 29-13 _ rn a a = olts Members (3) + Gb bye deed WI cls I HWL 4 Connection (A) vi awed 3 Members (7) + Gol bye Aeecd WI cline Y WWh 4 Connection (A) gs dyed 5Example Design the shown connection knowing that the member is welded to the plate while the plate is bolted to the column using M16 grade (4.6) bearing type. (excluded threads) 45 Solution For Weld - 20 _ * Force on weld = 2. =10ton TWO CHANNELS + Assume size of weld = 5 mm + Stress on weld = Poree___10___ 9 99 t\ ome Ne Sel 240.541 l= 13.88 mm + Actual Length = 1+ 2S8= 13.88 + 240.5 = 14,88 mm +|Take the actual length = 15 mmDesin of connection Rsnear= I+ Ag+ Ry = Fy «de tmin « Fup = 4 t\ cr’? * d= 1.6 cm for st.37 2 * F,, ———> = 3.6 t\ cm 2 *Qd = 0.25 Fup «As - Ud 4 * Take e>2b=3.2 cem— > & = 0.8 + Rs.s= (0.25 Fyy)e Te *1=(0.25% 4oT8) =2.01 ton « Rp.s =(0.25 Fup) * Trot +#2=2+Rss =4.02ton «Ry =(X# Fy) * dh * tin = 0.8 43.6% 1.6 4 tmin = 4.6 tmin For n;|—> Shear — Connecting gusset plate with angles assume angles 80+80«8 assume thickness of gusset pate = 10mm tep L * min = tom or 240.8 em = 1.6cem —>|tmin = 10em « Ry = 4.6 tmin = 4.6*1 =[4.6 ton R =(4.02 «R Ds R =|4.02 ton Least Ch a 46 ‘Least en,= Force _ 20- — 4.99 —»[6 BoltsFor nz | Shear+ Tension — Connecting angles with column, 5 * Q = 20Cos45 = 14.14 ton *T =20Sin45 = 14.14 ton Zz Re = (0.78) (0.384 Fy) 2 Rt= 0.78 + TO .0.33 + 4 =2.06ton ny Ne pone —* assume 4 Th / n= (pg? )*, (tet? + Finan ble Plan \Pss_ 14.14 2 14.14 2 _—— 2a n*=(—goq_) + (—go6 ? = 966 Interaction equation N4= 10 Bolts ( Q\n 2 +( T\n 2 1 R sh auowabte Rt aowarie 14.14, 14.14 70 70 (sar) + (mpg) = 0.96 1 | Rs.s = SafeExample using steel 37, 10mms thick gusset plate and M20 bolts (grade10.9), it is required to design and draw the welded and bolted shown slip—critical connection. w parle gusset plate J! 59% Blas! ode .5 43) Abad) oy member JI a+ juslse; by 9 [beam JIP, = 4.93t F,=20 “Zp - 453” = 6 bolts| 3each side *. Q@ = FCos 30 = 20Cos 30 = 17.32t T = FSin 30 = 20Sin 30 = 10t assume size of weld =|6mm| Il - 40Cm . _ _— 10.00 _ 2 tensile Stress “Auea 7 2*40*0.6 7 0.21 t/Cm shear Stress = a = 17.32 _ = 0.36 t/Cm 2 Awetd 2*40*0.6 Check using Interaction Equation| YF? + 83q? < 0.2F,*1.1 0.21074 3(0.860)° =0.65 < 0.2Fy*1.1Lower Chord Monorail beam Connecting angles_Of aes TEL Los! od Ny > Lower ChordJ\ gs Monorail beam J! Le 5 <> Subjected to Tension <=> Designed. on the tension force Fo Ng ——> Lower ChordJ\ gx Connecting angles JI 1a 53 > Subjected to Tension + Shear => Designed. on the tension force Fo+ Shear force [ F,- Fz] ‘Nig ——> Gusset Plate I! px Connecting angles JI 1a j3 <> Subjected to Double shear <> Designed on the resultant shear force of R =/[F,- Fp ]°+ Fe Tz —> Gusset Plate JI gu Vertical member JI Lay 33 <> Subjected to Shear <=> Designed on the tension force Fy ‘Ns ——> Gusset Plate JI geright diagonal member J\ la ;3 => Subjected to Shear <=> Designed on the tension force Fp ‘Ts ——> Gusset Plate JI goleft diagonal member Ji La 3 <> Subjected to Shear <=> Designed on the tension force FyExample For the shown Connection and using Steel 37, bolt M20 grade8.8 and 15mm thick gusset plate, it is required to a)Design the slip—critical bolted Connection b)Draw the Connection to scale 1:10 The mono Rail Capacity = 15ton Gf Ble 92 lower chord Ji clas fll! ode 5 45! Abaya) ory perth qose gm LS lower chord J!) Jsb J¥> ptiuey IPE 400el, Yr 3} Ng s S| |e Ts fit Zs | ze | | oo - 4 /eonmecting na ~ ‘ angle 80*80*8 | IPE 400 | "6 IPE 300 P, =0.7X 4.93t =|3.451t For bolts nN, n= Force 1"pp, To F,=25 = = 4 bolt. ™ 2 P, = 6.90 aFor bolts TU ‘2 n.= Force _ 2 op, Tt F,=5 =——_ = 2 bolt "P= 34) —— For bolts Ng n.= Force 37 pp, 7 F3= 35 => == = 6 bolt "3" 2 P, = 6.90 — IPE 400 J) Jél0 ost! G33 92 nd, NZ JI cde BSG! Goll Gl tend mono rail yos)l BS Jao Lady Fy =65-22 = 43tFor bolts 14 R =4/ 437+ (15)? = 45.5t For bolts Ny n R = ODpoT F,=45.5 = 7 bolt "4-9 Pp, = 6.90 Qos For bolts M5 Q= 65-22 = 43t TN, = nN assume ‘5 2 ‘4 T- 15t T = Text _ 15 _ 4 o7¢ < 0.640.747 = extb ng 14 6.48t Pi (1~ Teg y/T) = 3.45 (1- 1.07/10.8) = 3.108t 0.7*T Q 43 Q crt b = eat = 778.078 < 3.108 , SAFEFor bolts Ne Force n = bolts R, e R, = 6.48t 15t n. = = 2. = bolts 6.48 2.31 use "ots 4bolts L go+ao+8 I \ ’ so et | | IPE 400 | | |! | IPE 300 Ws, 2 gauge line cle dsl! ub pled! yoy (Sed! Yo Ol Lod gusset plate Ji t-te» JulidFor ni For nz IPE400 > Shear — Connecting gusset plate with angles F — Sheart+ Tension Q T —> Connecting angles with columnQuestion. nya (2003) Figure (3) shows a part of vertical bracing system of a steel building. Available sections are equal angles 80x80x8 OR LESS Design the bracing members (a-C) and (b-C) from the available sections. Assume Bolts (M16) —>$¢=16mm L > 4m — Long member | > L => Bolted 1) Data 1 «Length = y 300°+40 = 500 cm + Force= + 4ton(Case A) * loin = Distance between joints = 500 cm — Llu ll cliss ¥ * [bout = 1.20 « 500 =600 cm 2) Choice of section L 8028 go Raid! SleLL)! gf cue Choice of section Lee psi o) Cyl Lis + Lads JSF pts of GSed) Ge Waste col 13), Yeh L 8078 Grass WWh 4 ——> [Use + 80 +808 dbsluts Last Cun Tension J! Compression Jt yle Checks Jar Isl psi3) Checks u —_—— 8048008 u -— A=12.3Cm? = a = 3.06 Cm v ao, top Pr a a) Class. of section b 80 _ 23 23 _ + eg 710 < Wy wer 14.84 => The section is non-compact (Code page 12) ‘a b) Slenderness (Buckling) = wie = 2.47 em (------ ~~ -- 2 ee == -- Tap= Tu dared! = 2.47 om [Compare ty 180 not 200 © oot = loowt 600 _ 196-209 = (Safe) Tut 3.06 £) StreSS osmpression Amax.= 196 >100 “Fo = 0.195 t\ em? _ _ force 4.0 _ +f = actual stress = 9 Ag 3,128 7 0.162 t\ em? <=> (Safe) Ze = 0.162 = 0.83 = (Safe but waste)Checks as tension member Anet = 2[ Agross— (9 + 0.20m) 4 tr ] = 2[12.38- (1.6 + 0.2m) 0.8 ] = 21.72 cm? a) Stress _ Force_ _4 _ 2 + St ae > Bi. 72 = 0.184 t\ om Laplan (3 gllangles JI tates! < Fe = 1.40 t\ em? (Safe) b) Slenderness (Stiffness) + Lif daluw 4 Compression J) 5 cligue WY lun yl glins ¥ C) Length to depth ratio. (Deflection) L — 500em 500 em —- ee Le => ‘D> Fading” FebOtT ~2948 60 = (Safe) ———=> [Use + 80+80%8 bo te Y Gos 9 Unsafe iS + 804808 plusial gS 15) UL. 43 E80 £8048 tl JS plas Sell ge SI Angles plaxil SLIT Checks JI 45S ULI! oda yay \" vi 1 | L 80+80+8 | ell I —z 4=12.30m? il Ne? +,-2.42 om ——_ >= oY y= 2.42 Om | e =2.26 Cm | we & YU syle JB dae ofa eh Ty SN amos SL »Assume tcp = 1.0 em Ty = VTL + (or tee)? = V 2.42%(2.26 +40)? -3.67 om Tey = V eu +(e+ ey = \ 2.424(2.26 +4" =3.67 cm b) Slenderness (Buckling) loin 500 = = Se = 136.2< 180 = (Si XS * hin Tr, 3.67 < (Safe) Nemraar © Nous = aut = 890 - 163.4< 180 = (Safe)_| = 189-4 Ty, 3.67 Yous O4 viel pp STIL LSI Min JI land bs glins £) Stre8S Cs npression max = 163.4 >100 _ 7500 _ 7500 _ 2 +Fo = Kew “163.47 = 0.281 t\ em’ *he = actual stress = force _ —4.0 0.08 t\ em? 44Agi 4% 12.3 < Fy & (Safe) ee EE = 0.29 —> (Safe but waste) Checks as tension member Anet = 2[ Agross.— ($+ 0.2m) « ti] = 4[ 12.3-— (1.6 + 0.2m) + 0.8 ] = 43.44 cm? a) Stress = Force. _4___ 2 *St= Ta > Gaga ~ 9:09 thom Laylan 6 wllangles JI intu| < Fr = 1.40 t\ cm? (Safe ~2-- Eb Se Jb) Slenderness (Stiffness) + Jal dala y Compression J) 3 oliaae WY lux yl qos Fy Cc) Length to depth ratio. (Deflection) L 500 em 500 cm "Do" Bar igy Zeb 0FT ~294S 60 = (Safe) a) Construction Requirements minimum angle @ min = 1.1439 =1.143 41.6 =5.28em L 8028028 | > GminQuestion pyau (2003) Discuss briefly the function of the longitudinal bracing. 1— Brace the whole structure in the longitudinal direction which results in acting all trusses as a space structure to reduce the deflection. 2- Reduce the buckling length of the chord members. 3- Brace the lower chord joints in the longitudinal direction.AITINV TAINNVHI (a4) abod apog sauy a6nv6 om} fo asvo uy daquiawu ay? fo yzbuauys aungdns svays #oF EA? craunpay O [prry? (fF sazbuD - sauy a6nv6 om} fo asvo uy daquiawu ay? fo yzbuauys aungdns svays # (a4) abod apogDaLp ADaYus *Z Daly UoIsUal Gar OFT wowsual y Gar FT YShear // “area” t L$4+03) om Ashear +02 104403) A | Arension pe te Prenentat”y, te. am T£c0+ 62) 2+ Shear Area Tension Area # Allowable shear strength (q,) = 0.4Fy # Allowable tensile strength (F,, ) = 0.725 Fy IP=Rp= 0.4 Fy Anet sheart 0.725 Fy Anct Tension Where P= »& Esl Maa Syae Got Lalos angle J ySy Force »51 . Failure JI—= Anet = 24[L-(n-0.5)(0+0.2)]ety Shear Where L—= =e +(n-1 )& Prrizontat N —> Number of bolts = Anet =[m- 1.0*(0+0.2)]ety Tension Where mM—= = Prerticat PS) 69S Suk Sey YW Failure di bo gg! bie gf Sls wo 5 s GUS Check IN 445 QW 4 solslangle Ji gle a 35al 50) yo 5ST Check (Single angle) P> Force on member = (single Channel) 2P > Force on member => (Double angle) (Double Channel) Tle Abyab Tension member J 1oi5 alec fe Shear rupture check J\ Continuous member UI Laleheck J! lie Jac py ¥ 5