Aakash Solutions

8
Chapter
Application of Integrals
Solutions
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1.
The boundaries are x-axis, y = logex and line x = e.
O 1
y = logex
x
x=e
Required area loge x dx

1
= 1 sq. units
2.
Required area | x 3 | dx x 3dx

0
x4
x4

4 2 4 0
4
1
4
17
sq. units
4
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306
(School/Board Exams.) Solutions
Short Answer Type Questions :
3.
x=4
x=9
Equation of the parabola is y2 = 4ax

Its axis is y = 0 and vertex is (0, 0)
Required area
4 y dx
9
2 a x dx
4
2
2 a [ x 3/2 ]94
3
76 a
sq. units
3
y
4.
B
x=0
a
Equation of ellipse
x2 y 2
1
a2 b2
Symmetric abount x and y axes
b 2
a x2
a
Now, area AOBA
A
x=a
Total area
b a 2
a x 2 dx
a 0
b a2
a
4
ab
4
ab
4
4
= ab sq. units.
5.
y
Required area = ar(AOCA) + ar(BOCB)
= 2(area AOCA)
x=4
16x dx
3
2 2 4
[ x ]0
C (4, 0)
128
sq. units .
3
6.
307
The given line AB is 2y + x = 8

x
y 4
2
y
B
Required area y dx
2
4
x
4 dx
2
2
4x x 2
4 2
= 5 sq. units
7.
Required area 2 x dx
1
3
x2
2
3
2 1
y = 4x
x=1
x=4
x
28
sq. units
3
8.
x2 = y
y=4
B
x
Equation of curve is x2 = y
symmetric about y-axis
Required area = 2 (area OABO)
y dy
32
sq. units .
3
308
9.

2
Required area ABCA loge x dx

1
x
e
log
B
y=
x=2
A(1, 0) C
[ x log x x ]12
= (log4 1) sq. units.
10.
A
x + y = 1
x+y=1
B(1, 0)
x
C(1, 0)
Symmetric about y-axis

Required area = 2(area of AOB)
1
OB OA
2
= 1 sq. unit
0
or, area ( x 1) dx (1 x ) dx
= 1 sq. unit.
Long Answer Type Questions :
11. For point of intersection, we have
x2 + x2 = 16
x2 2
A(2 2, 2 2)
Draw AP perpendicular to x-axis
Required area = ar(OPA) + ar(PBAP)
2 2
x dx
2 2
2 2
x2

2 0
P B
16 x 2 dx
4
x 16 x 2 16
x
sin1
2
2
4
= 2 sq. units.
12.
x=
309
x = 4y
y2 = 4x
(4, 0)
For point of intersection,

2
x2
4 x
4
x 0, 4,
4 16 64
2
x = 0, 4
Now, required area
4
( y1 y 2 ) dx
0
4
x2
4 x
dx
0
4
= 16 sq. units
13.
y
x
2
y=
x=2
y = logex
x = 1/2
(2, 0)
1, 0
2
2
Required area ( y1 y 2 ) dx
1/2
(2x log x ) dx
1/2
2x
( x log x x )
log2
1/2
4 2 3 5
log2 sq. units .

2 2
log2
310
14. For point of intersection,
3y2 + y2 = 4
A( 3, 1)
y=1
Required area = area of shaded region
= ar(OAMO) + ar(MANM)
y dx y dx
3
dx
2
3
4 x 2 dx
3
x 4 x2 4
1 x2
x
sin1

2
2
2
3 2 0
M N
sq. units
3
SECTION - B
NCERT Questions
Exercise-8.1
1.
Required area = Area of ABCD

4
y dx
x dx
X'
2 3
x2
3 1
2.
x=1
2
(8 1)
3
x=4
14
sq. units
3
y dx
2
3 x dx
2
2x
3/2
X'
2 43/2 23/2
x=2
x=4
2(8 2 2)
(16 4 2) sq. units .

3.
311

4
x dy
Y-axis
2 y dy
2
y=4
3
4 2
y
3
2
y=2
(4)3/2 (2)3/2
3
X-axis
4
(8 2 2)
3
32 8 2
sq. units
4.
The given ellipse
x2 y 2
1 , can be represented as
16 9
Y
B(0, 3)
X'
X
A(4, 0)
Y'
It can be observed that the ellipse is symmetrical about x-axis and y-axis.
Area of ellipse = 4 Area of OAB
Now, area of OAB =
0 y dx
4
3 1
0
x2
dx
16
3 4
16 x 2 dx
4 0
3 x
16 1 x
2
sin
16 x
4 2
2
4 0
3 8

4 2
= 3 sq. units
So, area bounded by the ellipse = 4 3 = 12 units.
312
5.
The given equation of the ellipse can be represented as

y
3
4 x2
2
Y B(0, 3)
(i)
Area of bounded by ellipse = 4 (Area of OAB)

2
Now, area of OAB y dx
3 2
4 x 2 dx
2 0
3 x
4
x
4 x 2 sin1
2 2
2
2 0
3 2
2 2
3
2
A(2, 0)
so, area of the ellipse
3
2
= 6 units.
6.
The point of intersection of the line and the circle in the first quadrant is ( 3, 1)
Required area = Area of OAB

= Area of OCA + area of ACB
y-axis
A
1
Area of OAC OC AC
2
1
3 1
2
Area of ABC
C B
x = 3y
x-axis
3
2
y dx
4 x 2 dx
4
x
x
4 x 2 sin1
2
2
2
2
3
3 2
2
3
3

sq. units
3 2
Therefore, required area
313
3
3

2 3 2
sq. units
3
It can be observed that the area ABCD is symmetrical about x-axis
Area ABCDA = 2 area ABC
Area of ABC a y dx
x= a
2
a 2 x 2 dx
O C
x 2
a2
x
sin1
a x2
2
a a
2
a2
1
4 2
a2
2
so, required area

8.

2 1 sq. units .
The line x = a, divides the area bounded by the parabola and x = 4 into two equal parts.
Area OAD = area ABCD

a
Now, area OFD y dx
x dx
2
a2
3
Area of EFCD
2
8 a3/2
3
(i)
x=a
x dx
x=4
(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get

3
2 2 2
a (8 a 2 )
3
3
2
a (4 3 )
314
9.
From figure, given area is symmetrical about y-axis
y-axis
B
C
x-axis
Area OACO = area ODBO
The point of intersection of parabola x2 = y and line y = x is A(1, 1)

Area of OACO = area of OAB area OBACO
1
1 1
2
Now, area of OAB
(i)
1
2
Area of OBACO y dx
0
x 2 dx
0
1
3
1 1
so, required area 2
2 3
1
sq. units
3
10. Let A and B are the points of intersection of the line and parabola
so, A 1, and B(2, 1).

4
It can be observed that

Area OBAO = area OBCO + area OACO
x 2 x 2
2
dx
Here, area OBCO
0 4
4
(i)
A C
O
x 3
1 x 2
2x
4 2
3
0
5
6
315
2
0 x 2x
similarly, area OACO
dx
1
4
1 x 2
x 3
2x
4 2
3 1
7
24
so, using (i), required area
5 7
6 24
9
sq. units
8
11. Required area = area OACO
= 2 (area of OAB)
2 y dx
0
2 2 x dx
8 3/2
x
3
C
x=3
8 3 sq. units
12. Required area = area OAB
y
B
y dx
0
4 x 2 dx
x 4 x 2 4
x
sin1
2
2
2
x=2
= sq. units
13. Required area = area OAB
y=3
x dy
0
y2
dy
4
A
O
B
X
y 3

12 0
9
sq. units
4
316
Exercise-8.2
1.
Required area = area OBCDO

solving the given curves, we get
B 2, and D 2, 1
2
It can be observed that the required area is symmetrical about the y-axis.
Area OBCDO = 2 area OBCO
x2
2
2 9 4x

2 dx
2
2
0

3
1
9
2 x x
x 9 4 x 2 sin1
2
2
3 3 0
2.
C
B
D
O
1
9 1 2 2 2 2

2 9 8 sin
2
2
3
3
2 9 1 2 2
2
sin
3 3
2 4
2 9 1 2 2
sin
3 sq. units
6 4
On solving, the equations (x 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1,
1
1 3
and B 1 , 3 ; also M is , 0
we get the point of intersection as A ,
2 2
2 2
2
Now, required area = area OACO = Area OAMO + area MCAM
1/2
1 ( x 1)2 dx
1/2
1 x 2 dx
1/2
1
1
( x 1)
1 ( x 1)2 sin1( x 1) 1 x 2 sin1 x

2
2
2
0
2
1/2
3 1 1 1
3 1
2 6 2 2 2 2 8 2 6
8
y
A
2
3
6
4
so, total required area
2
3
2
6
4
M C
2
3
sq. units
3
2
3.
Required area = area OCBAO
y-axis
= area ODBAO area ODCO

3
( x 2 2) x dx
0
x
x
2x
2
3
0
96
4.
317
9
2
y=x
x=0
x-axis
x=3
21
sq. units
2
If BL and CM are drawn perpendicular to x-axis;

then area (ACB) = area(ALBA) + area(BLMCB) area(AMCA)
(i)
Equation of line segment AB is
3
y 0 ( x 1)
2
B(1, 3)
C(3, 2)
3
( x 1)
2
3
Area(ALBA) 1 ( x 1) dx
2
A(1, 0)
O
3 x 2

x
2 2
1
=3
Equation of line segment BC is
y 3
23
( x 1)
3 1
1
( x 7)
2
Area(BLMCB)
1 2( x 7) dx
3
1 x 2
7x
2 2
=5
Equation of line segment AC is
y 0
20
( x 1)
3 1
1
( x 1)
2
3
1 3
1 x2
Area(AMCA) ( x 1) dx x 4
1
2
2 2
1
so, using (i), required area = (3 + 5 4) sq. units = 4 sq. units

318
5.
The equation of sides of the triangle are y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1 and x = 4.

on solving, these equations, we get the vertices of triangle as A(0, 1), B(4, 13) and C(4, 9).
from figure, it is clear that area(ACB) = area(OLBAO) area(OLCAO)
4
Y
B(4, 13)
(3 x 1) dx (2x 1) dx
4
3 x 2
x x2 x
2
0
C(4, 9)
A(0, 1)
= (24 + 4) (16 + 4)
= 8 sq. units
6.
Required area = area(ACBA)
= area(OACBO) area(OAB)
B(0, 2)
C
4 x 2 dx (2 x ) dx
A(2, 0)
X
x 4 x
x
x
4
sin1 2 x
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
= ( 2) sq. units
7.
Required area = area(OBAO)

solving, the given curves, we get points of intersection as O(0, 0) and A(1, 2).
also, C is (1, 0)
so, area(OBAO) = area(OCA) area(OCABO)

1
y = 2x
2x dx 2 x dx
{ x 2 }10
4
3
A(1, 2)
4 3/2 1
{ x }0
3
B
O
1
3
C(1, 0)
1
sq. units
3
Miscellaneous Exercise
1.
(i)
Required area = area ADCBA

2
y dx
1
x 2 dx
1
3
x

3 1
B
O A
x=1 x=2
7
sq. units
3
(ii)
Required area = area ADCBA
319
y dx
1
B
O A
x 4 dx
1
5
x

5 1
x=1 x=5
= 624.8 sq. units

2.
The point of intersection of the curves y = x and y = x2 are O(0, 0) and A(1, 1).
we draw AC perpendicular to the x-axis.
Y
A
B
O
y=x
Required area = area(OBAO)

= Area(OCA) area(OCABO)
1
x dx x 2 dx
1
x 2 x 3

2 0 3 0
3.
1 1
2 3
1
sq. units
6
Region area = area ABCD
x dy
y=4
y=1
y
dy
2
C
D
O
A
X
1 3/2
4 1
3
7
sq. units
3
320
4.
The given equation is y = | x + 3 |

The corresponding values of x and y are given in the following table on plotting these points,
x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
y
3 4
we obtain the graph of y = | x + 3 | as follows
From figure it is clear that
4
3
6 | x 3 | dx
y = |x + 3|
2
1
( x 3) dx ( x 3) dx
3
4 3 2 1 O
x 2
x 2
3x 3x
2
6 2
3
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
= 9.
5.
Required area = area(OABO) + area(BCDB)
sin x dx
sin x dx
cos x2
cos x0
=2+2
= 4 sq. units
6.
4a 4a
The points of intersection of both the curves are (0, 0) and 2 ,
.
m m
so, required area
4a / m 2
Y
(2 ax mx ) dx
4a / m2
2
mx 2
2 a x 3/2
3
2
0
3/2
4
4a
a 2
3
m
32 a2 8a2
3 m3 m3
8a 2
3 m3
m 4a
2 m2
A
X
y = mx
2
sq. units
7.
321
The points of intersection of the given curves are A(2, 3) and B(4, 12)
so, from figure,
Y
B(4, 12)
A(2, 3)
2y = 3x + 12
2
4 3x
1
dx
(3 x 12)dx
2 2
2 4
Required area
1 3 x 2
3 x 3
12
x

2 2
2 4 3 2
1
1
(24 48 6 24) (64 8)
2
4
= 45 18
= 27 sq. units
8.
Required area = area(BCAB)
9.
A(0, 2)
2 3
2 3
9 x 2 dx (3 x ) dx
0
3
3 0
B(3, 0)
2 3
x
2 x 9 x 2 9 1 x
2
sin
3 x
3
2
2
3 3
2
0
2 9 9
3 4 2
3
( 2) sq. units
2
Required area
O
x y
3+2 = 1
b a 2
b a
a x 2 dx (a x ) dx
a 0
a 0
B(0, b)
b x a 2 x 2 a 2
b
x 2
1 x

sin
ax
a
a
a
2
2
2
0
b a2 b a2

a 4 a 2
ab
( 2) sq. units
4
A(a, 0)
O
322
10. The point of intersection of the parabola, x2 = y and the line y = x + 2 is A(1, 1)
Required area = area(BCA) + area(CDAC)

1
Y
y=x+2
( x 2) dx x 2 dx
1
A(1, 1)
x 2
x 3
2x
2
2 3 1
1
1
2 2 4
2
3
) C O
,0
2
B(
5
sq. units
6
11. The curve intersects the axes at points A(0, 1), B(1, 0), C(0, 1) and D(0, 1).
so, required area = area ABCD
= 4 area(OBAO)
4 (1 x )dx
0
x 2
4 x
2 0
(1,
0)
1
4 1
2
= 2 sq. units
12. As, required area is symmetrical about the y-axis
so, required area
x dx
1
1 2
x dx
0
2 1 3 1
x x
2
2 3
0
0
A(1, 1)
B
D
O(0, 0)
1 1
2 1 units .
2 3 3
13. Equation of the line segment AB is
50
y 0
( x 2)
42
5
y ( x 2)
2
Equation of the line segment BC is

y 5
B(4, 5)
C(6, 3)
(i)
A(2, 0) L
35
( x 4)
64
y = x + 9
323
(ii)
Equation of the line segment CA is
y 3
03
( x 6)
26
3
( x 2)
4
(iii)
using (i), (ii) and (iii); we get

Required area = area(ABC)
= Area(ABLA) + area(BLMCB) area(ACMA)
45
63
( x 2) dx ( x 9) dx
4
( x 2) dx
x 2
5 x 2
3 x 2
2
9
x
x
2x
2 2
2 2
4 4 2
2
= 7 sq. units
Y
14. Required area
, 2)
A(1
C(4, 3)
4 x 5
2
4 3x 6

dx (4 2 x ) dx
dx
1 3
1
2
2
4
1 x 2
2
5x 4x x
3 2
1
7
sq. units
2
3x 2y = 6
B(2, 0)
x 3y = 5
X
1 3 x 2
6x
2 2
2
2x + y = 4
15. The points of intersection of the curves are , 2 and , 2

2
so, required area = area ABCO
= 2{area(OMC) + area(MCB)}
9 4 x 2 dx
2 2 x dx
0
1/2
2
1/2
4
2 x 3/2
3
3/2
1/2
0
3
1 x 9 x 2 9 1 x

sin

4
2
2
3
2 2 1 9
9
1
2 sin1
3
2 4
2
3
9 9 1 1
1
sin
sq. units
8 4
3 3 2
324
0
2 x
16. Required area

1
dx x 3dx
x 4
x 4

4 2 4 0
4
1
4
x=1
x = 2
17
sq. units
4
1
17. Required area 2 x 2 dx

0
x 3
2
3 0
1
2
3
x = 1
2
sq. units
3
x=1
18. Solving the curves, we get
A(2, 2 3) and C(2, 2 3) as the points of intersection.

C
so, required area

2
6 x dx
2 6 x 3/2
3
16 x 2 dx
4
x 16 x 2 16

1 x
sin

2
2
4
B
A
4
(4 3 ) .
3
Therefore, required area

16
4
(4 3 )
3
4
(8 3 ) sq. units
3
19. From figure
required area
/4
(cos x sin x ) dx
/4
sin x cos x0
( 2 1) sq. units
325
SECTION - C
Model Test Paper
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1.
x=1
1
x2
1
Required area = xdx
2
2
0
0
2.
(1, 0)
x 3/2
Required area = 2 2 x dx = 4
3
0
2 0
1
=
3.
8
8
(1) =
sq. unit
3
3
Required area
2
|sin x | dx
0
2 |sin x | dx
0
= 4 sq. units
4.
Required area
b 2
a x 2 dx
a
a
4b x a 2 x 2 a 2
x
sin1
a
2
2
a
0
4b a 2
a 4
= ab sq. units
326
Short Answer Type Questions :

5.
y = |x|, y = |x 1|
y-axis
Graph is as follows
From figure,
Required area
6.
1
1
1
2
2
P 1, 1
2 2
1
sq. units
4
Solving y = 1 with y
2
1 x2
y-axis
we get
(0, 2)
2
1
1 x2
x2 = 1
x = 1 and 1.
x-axis
y=1
x-axis
1
2
1 dx
so, required area 2
0 1 x2
2 2 tan1 x x
1
0
= ( 2) sq. units
7.
Required area
1
(area of the ellipse) area of the right angled triangle AOB
4
1
1
ab ab
4
2
B
b
O
ab
( 2) sq. units
4
8.
Solving y = 0 and y = 4 + 3x x2
we get x2 3x + 4 = 0
x = 4, 1.
since, the curve does not intersect x-axis between x = 1 and x = 4.
Required area
4
(4 3 x x 2 ) dx
1
3 x 2 x 3
4 x
2
3
64
3 1
16 24
4
3
2 3
125
sq. units
6

1
9.
Required area =
(x
327
y = x3
x 3 ) dx
(1, 1)
1
x3 x2
=
4
3
0
(0, 0)
1 1
1
=
3 4
12
y = x3
1/3
3
10. Required area = 2 ( x x ) dx
y=x
x 4/3 x 4
2
= 4
4
3
0
3
= 2
4
1/3
y=x
(1, 1)
X
(1, 1)
1
=1
4
Long Answer Type Questions :

11. (y 2)2 = x 1
y2
Y-axis
4y x + 5 = 0
(2, 3)
(0, 2)
Now, equation of tangent at (2, 3) is
(1, 2)
1
3 y 2( y 3) ( x 2) 5 0
2
X'
4
(5, 0)
X-axis
Y'
x 2y + 4 = 0
3
so, required area {( y 2)2 1 (2y 4)} dy

0
= 9 sq. units
12. Required area
Y-axis
2a
x
2a x
Let x = 2asin2
/2
so, A 0
dx
dx = 2a.2sin.cosd
2a sin2
2a cos
X-axis
2a 2 sin cos d
/2
2 a3/2
sin3
0
x = 2a
d
/2
1 cos3
3
4 2a3/2 cos
4
4
3 0
3 2a3/2 sq. units
328
13. Let A1 = {(x, y) : 0 y x2}

A2 = {(x, y) : 0 y x}
A3 = {(x, y) : 0 x 2}
A2
A1
(1, 1)
x
(0, 0)
x=2
Points of intersection of y = x2 and y = x is x = 1. We have to find out area of shaded region.

1
Required area =
x
0
dx xdx
1
x3
x2
=
3 0 2 0
1 1
5
=
sq. unit
3 2
6

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Aakash Solutions

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8

The boundaries are x-axis, y = logex and line x = e.

Required area loge x dx

Required area | x 3 | dx x 3dx

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Short Answer Type Questions :

Equation of the parabola is y2 = 4ax

Symmetric abount x and y axes

Now, area AOBA

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Required area = ar(AOCA) + ar(BOCB)

The given line AB is 2y + x = 8

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Required area ABCA loge x dx

Symmetric about y-axis

Draw AP perpendicular to x-axis

Required area = ar(OPA) + ar(PBAP)

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

For point of intersection,

log2 sq. units .

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

14. For point of intersection,

Required area = Area of ABCD

Required area = Area of ABCD

(16 4 2) sq. units .

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Required area = Area of ABCD

The given ellipse

Area of ellipse = 4 Area of OAB

Now, area of OAB =

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

The given equation of the ellipse can be represented as

Area of bounded by ellipse = 4 (Area of OAB)

Now, area of OAB y dx

so, area of the ellipse

Required area = Area of OAB

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Therefore, required area

It can be observed that the area ABCD is symmetrical about x-axis

Area ABCDA = 2 area ABC

so, required area

Area OAD = area ABCD

Now, area OFD y dx

From (i) and (ii), we get

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

From figure, given area is symmetrical about y-axis

Area OACO = area ODBO

The point of intersection of parabola x2 = y and line y = x is A(1, 1)

Now, area of OAB

so, A 1, and B(2, 1).

It can be observed that

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

so, using (i), required area

11. Required area = area OACO

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Required area = area OBCDO

Area OBCDO = 2 area OBCO

On solving, the equations (x 1)2 + y2 = 1 and x2 + y2 = 1,

Now, required area = area OACO = Area OAMO + area MCAM

1 ( x 1)2 sin1( x 1) 1 x 2 sin1 x

so, total required area

(School/Board Exams.) Solutions

Required area = area OCBAO