GIMP

For other uses, see Gimp (disambiguation).

coming disenchanted with the Motif toolkit GIMP originally used; Motif was used up until GIMP 0.60.[10][15]

GIMP /mp/ (GNU Image Manipulation Program)

is a free and open-source raster graphics editor[7] used for
image retouching and editing, free-form drawing, resizing, cropping, photo-montages, converting between different image formats, and more specialized tasks.

2 Development

GIMP is released under GPLv3+ licenses and is available GIMP is primarily developed by volunteers as a free softfor Linux, OS X, and Windows.
ware project associated to both the GNU and GNOME
Projects. Development takes place in a public git source
code repository,[16] on public mailing lists and in public
chat channels on the GIMPNET IRC network.[17]

History

New features are held in public separate source code

branches and merged into the main (or development)
Main article: GIMP version history
branch when the GIMP team is sure they won't damage
existing functions.[16] Sometimes this means that features
GIMP was originally released as the General Image Ma- that appear complete do not get merged or take months
nipulation Program.[8] In 1995 Spencer Kimball and or years before they become available in GIMP.
Peter Mattis began developing GIMP as a semester-long GIMP itself is released as source code. After a source
project at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1996 code release installers and packages are made for dierent
GIMP (0.54) was released as the rst publicly available operating systems by parties who might not be in contact
release.[9][10] In the following year Richard Stallman vis- with the maintainers of GIMP.
ited UC Berkeley where Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis asked if they could change General to GNU (the name The version number used in GIMP is expressed in a
given to the operating system created by Stallman).[11] major-minor-micro format, with each number carrying
Richard Stallman approved and the denition of the a specic meaning: the rst (major) number is increacronym GIMP was changed to be the GNU Image Ma- mented only for major developments (and is currently
nipulation Program. This reected its new existence as 2). The second (minor) number is incremented with each
being developed as Free Software as a part of the GNU release of new features, with odd numbers reserved for
in-progress development versions and even numbers asProject.[12]
signed to stable releases; the third (micro) number is inThe number of computer architectures and operating sys- cremented before and after each release (resulting in even
tems supported has expanded signicantly since its rst
numbers for releases, and odd numbers for development
release. The rst release supported UNIX systems, such snapshots) with any bug xes subsequently applied and
as Linux, SGI IRIX and HP-UX.[8][13] Since the initial
released for a stable version.
release, GIMP has been ported to many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows and OS X; the orig- Each year GIMP applies for several positions in the
[18][19]
to date GIMP
inal port to the Windows 32-bit platform was started by Google Summer of Code (GSoC);
[20]
has
participated
in
all
years
except
2007.
From 2006
Finnish programmer Tor M. Lillqvist (tml) in 1997 and
[13]
to
2009
there
have
been
nine
GSoC
projects
that have
was supported in the GIMP 1.1 release.
been listed as successful,[18] although not all successful
Following the rst release GIMP was quickly adopted projects have been merged into GIMP yet. The healing
and a community of contributors formed. The commu- brush and perspective clone tools and Ruby bindings were
nity began developing tutorials, artwork and shared better created as part of the 2006 GSoC and can be used in
work-ows and techniques.[14]
version 2.8.0 of GIMP, although there were three other
A GUI toolkit called GTK (GIMP tool kit) was devel- projects that were completed and are not yet available
oped to facilitate the development of GIMP. GTK was re- in a stable version of GIMP; those projects being Vecplaced by its successor GTK+ after being redesigned us- tor Layers, and a JPEG 2000 plug-in. Several of the
ing object-oriented programming techniques. The devel- GSoC projects were completed in 2008, but have not
opment of GTK+ has been attributed to Peter Mattis be- been merged into a stable GIMP release.
1

2.1

4 PROFESSIONAL REVIEWS

User interface

bundles potentially unwanted programs. In a statement,

GIMP called SourceForge a once useful and trustworthy
The user interface of GIMP is designed by a dedicated place to develop and host FLOSS applications that now
design and usability team. This team was formed after the faces a problem with the ads they allow on their sites
developers of GIMP signed up to join the OpenUsability ...[30][31][32]
project.[21] A user interface brainstorming group has since
been created for GIMP,[22][23] where users of GIMP can
send in their suggestions as to how they think the GIMP 3.1 Sourceforge controversy
user interface could be improved.
GIMP is presented in two forms, single and multiple window mode;[24] GIMP 2.8 defaults to the multiple window
mode. In multiple window mode a set of windows contain all GIMPs functionality. By default, tools and tool
settings are on the left and other dialogues are on the
right.[25] A layers tab is often to the right of the tools tab,
and allows a user to work individually on separate image
layers. Layers can be edited by right-clicking on a particular layer to bring up edit options for that layer. The tools
tab and layers tab are the most common dockable tabs.

GIMP, who discontinued their use of SourceForge as a

download mirror in November 2013,[30][33] reported in
May 2015 that SourceForge was hosting infected versions
of their Windows binaries on their Open Source Mirror
directory.[34][35]

4 Professional reviews

GIMPs tness for use in professional environments is

GTK+ (GIMP tool kit) is used to create the graphical user
regularly reviewed; it is often compared to and suggested
interface. GTK+'s creation and history regarding GIMP
as a possible replacement for Adobe Photoshop.[36][37]
is described in the history section above.
GIMP has similar functionality to Photoshop, but has a
dierent user interface.[38]

2.2

Libre Graphics Meetings

Main article: Libre Graphics Meeting

The Libre Graphics Meeting (LGM) is a yearly event
where developers of GIMP and other projects meet up
to discuss issues related to free and open source graphics
software. The GIMP developers hold birds of a feather
(BOF) sessions at this event.

GIMP 2.6 was used to create nearly all of the art in Lucas
the Game, an independent video game by developer Timothy Courtney. Courtney started development of Lucas
the Game in early 2014, and the video game was published in July 2015 for PC and Mac. Courtney explains
GIMP is a powerful tool, fully capable of large professional projects, such as video games. This is the rst case
of GIMP having played a major role in the production of
a published video game.[39]

The single-window mode introduced in GIMP 2.8 was

reviewed in 2012 by Ryan Paul of Ars Technica, who
noted that it made the user experience feel more stream3 Distribution
lined and less cluttered.[40] Michael Burns, writing for
Macworld in 2014, described the single-window interface
The current version of GIMP works with numerous oper- of GIMP 2.8.10 as a big improvement.[41]
ating systems, including Linux, OS X and Microsoft Win- In his review of GIMP for ExtremeTech in October 2013,
dows. Many Linux distributions include GIMP as a part David Cardinal noted that GIMPs reputation of being
of their desktop operating systems, including Fedora and hard to use and lacking features has changed dramatDebian.
ically over the last couple years, and that it was no
The GIMP website links to binary installers compiled
by Jernej Simoni for the platform.[26] MacPorts was
listed as the recommended provider of Mac builds of
GIMP.[27] This is no longer needed as version 2.8.2 and
later run natively on OS X.[28] GTK+ was originally designed to run on an X11 server. Because OS X can optionally use an X11 server, porting GIMP to OS X is
simpler compared to creating a Windows port. GIMP
is also available as part of the Ubuntu noroot package
from the Google Play Store on Android.[29] In November 2013, GIMP, a free image manipulation program,
removed its download from SourceForge, citing misleading download buttons that potentially confuse customers,
as well as SourceForges own Windows installer, which

longer a crippled alternative to Photoshop. He described

GIMPs scripting as one of its strengths, but also remarked that some of Photoshops features - such as Text,
3D commands, Adjustment Layers and History - are either less powerful or missing in GIMP. Cardinal favorably described the UFRaw converter for raw images used
with GIMP, noting that it still requires some patience to
gure out how to use those more advanced capabilities.
Cardinal stated that GIMP is easy enough to try despite
not having as well developed documentation and help system as those for Photoshop, concluding that it has become a worthy alternative to Photoshop for anyone on a
budget who doesnt need all of Photoshops vast feature
set.[42]

3
A 2016 comparison recommended GIMP for use with
Linux, for its low (no) cost, for occasional use, and Photoshop for professional users such as photographers and
designers, and for some things that GIMP cannot do.[43]
The author commented GIMP has improved a lot in the
last few years, going from unbearably ugly to bearably
ugly but whats indisputable is that Photoshop is much
easier to learn thanks to the countless awesome tutorials
available online.[44]

Mascot

Wilber is the ocial GIMP mascot. Wilber has relevance outside of GIMP as a racer in SuperTuxKart and
was displayed on the Bibliothque nationale de France
(National Library of France) as part of Project Blinkenlights.[45][46][47]
Wilber was created at some time before 25 September
1997 by Tuomas Kuosmanen (tigert) and has since received additional accessories and a construction kit to
ease the process.[48]

Wilber in ve variations

Features

Further information: Comparison of raster graphics editors

Tools used to perform image editing can be accessed via
the toolbox, through menus and dialogue windows. They
include lters and brushes, as well as transformation, selection, layer and masking tools.
Color
There are several ways of selecting colors, including
palettes, color choosers and using an eyedropper tool to
select a colour on the canvas. The built-in color choosers
include RGB/HSV selector or scales, water-color selector, CMYK selector and a color-wheel selector. Colors
can also be selected using hexadecimal color codes as
used in HTML color selection. GIMP has native support for indexed colour and RGB color spaces; other color
spaces are supported using decomposition where each
channel of the new color space becomes a black-andwhite image. CMYK, LAB and HSV (hue, saturation,
value) are supported this way.[49][50] Color blending can
be achieved using the Blend tool, by applying a gradient
to the surface of an image and using GIMPs color modes.
Gradients are also integrated into tools such as the brush

Animation Showing Brushes, Patterns, Gradients Created in

GIMP

tool, when the user paints this way the output color slowly
changes. There are a number of default gradients included with GIMP; a user can also create custom gradients with tools provided. Gradient plug-ins are also available.
Selections and paths
GIMP selection tools include a rectangular and circular selection tool, free select tool, and fuzzy select tool
(also known as magic wand). More advanced selection
tools include the select by color tool for selecting contiguous regions of colorand the scissors select tool, which
creates selections semi-automatically between areas of
highly contrasting colors. GIMP also supports a quick
mask mode where a user can use a brush to paint the area
of a selection. Visibly this looks like a red colored overlay
being added or removed. The foreground select tool is an
implementation of Simple Interactive Object Extraction
(SIOX) a method used to perform the extraction of foreground elements, such as a person or a tree in focus. The

6 FEATURES

Paths Tool allows a user to create vectors (also known as

Bzier curves). Users can use paths to create complex selections, including around natural curves. They can paint
(or stroke) the paths with brushes, patterns, or various
line styles. Users can name and save paths for reuse.
Image editing
There are many tools that can be used for editing images
in GIMP. The more common tools include a paint brush,
pencil, airbrush, eraser and ink tools used to create new
or blended pixels. The Bucket Fill tool can be used to
ll a selection with a color or pattern. The Blend tool
can be used to ll a selection with a color gradient. These
color transitions can be applied to large regions or smaller
custom path selections.
GIMP also provides smart tools that use a more complex algorithm to do things that otherwise would be time
consuming or impossible. These include:
Clone tool, which copies pixels using a brush
Healing brush, which copies pixels from an area and
corrects tone and color
Perspective clone tool, which works like the clone
tool but corrects for distance changes
Blur and sharpen tool blurs and sharpens using a
brush
The Smudge tool can be used to subtly smear a selection where it stands.
Dodge and burn tool is a brush that makes target
pixels lighter (dodges) or darker (burns)
Animation showing three docked and tabbed dialogs: layers,
channels, and paths.

Layers, layer masks and channels

An image being edited in GIMP can consist of many
layers in a stack. The user manual suggests that A good
way to visualize a GIMP image is as a stack of transparencies, where in GIMP terminology, each transparency is
a layer.[51] Each layer in an image is made up of several
channels. In an RGB image, there are normally 3 or 4
channels, each consisting of a red, green and blue channel. Color sublayers look like slightly dierent gray images, but when put together they make a complete image.
The fourth channel that may be part of a layer is the alpha
channel (or layer mask). This channel measures opacity Droste eect using Mathmap plug-in
where a whole or part of an image can be completely visible, partially visible or invisible. Each layer has a layer
mode that can be set to change the colors in the image.[52] Automation, scripts and plug-ins
Text layers can be created using the text tool, allowing
a user to write on an image. Text layers can be transformed in several ways, such as converting them to a path GIMP has approximately 150 standard eects and lters,
including Drop Shadow, Blur, Motion Blur and Noise.
or selection.[53][54]

7.1

Extensions

GIMP operations can be automated with scripting lan- Well-known variants include:
guages. The Script-Fu is a Scheme-based language
implemented using a TinyScheme interpreter built into
CinePaint: Formerly Film Gimp, it is a fork of
GIMP.[55] GIMP can also be scripted in Perl,[56][57]
GIMP version 1.0.4, used for frame-by-frame rePython (Python-Fu),[58][59] or Tcl, using interpreters extouching of feature lm. CinePaint supports up to
ternal to GIMP.[60] New features can be added to GIMP
32-bit IEEE-oating point color depth per channel,
not only by changing program code (GIMP core), but
as well as color management and HDR. CinePaint is
also by creating plug-ins. These are external programs
used primarily within the lm industry due mainly
that are executed and controlled by the main GIMP
to its support of high-delity image formats. It is
program.[61][62] MathMap is an example of a plug-in writavailable for BSD, Linux, and OS X.
ten in C.
GIMP classic: A patch[67] against GIMP v2.6.8
There is support for several methods of sharpening and
source code created to undo changes made to the
blurring images, including the blur and sharpen tool. The
user interface in GIMP v2.4 through v2.6. A build
unsharp mask tool is used to sharpen an image selecof GIMP classic for Ubuntu is available.[68] As of
tively it only sharpens areas of an image that are suMarch 2011, a new patch could be downloaded that
ciently detailed. The Unsharp Mask tool is considered to
patches against the experimental GIMP v2.7.
give more targeted results for photographs than a normal
sharpening lter.[63][64] The Selective Gaussian Blur tool
GIMP Portable: A portable version of GIMP for
works in a similar way, except it blurs areas of an image
Microsoft Windows XP or later that preserves
with little detail.
brushes and presets between computers[69]
GEGL
The Generic Graphics Library (GEGL) was rst introduced as part of GIMP on the 2.6 release of GIMP.
This initial introduction does not yet exploit all of the
capabilities of GEGL; as of the 2.6 release, GIMP can
use GEGL to perform high bit-depth color operations;
because of this less information is lost when performing color operations.[65] When GEGL is fully integrated,
GIMP will have a higher color bit depth and better nondestructive work-ow. Current distribution versions of
GIMP only support 8-bit of color, which is much less than
what e.g. digital cameras produce (12-bit or more).
File formats

GimPhoto and GIMPshop: Derivatives that aim

to replicate the Adobe Photoshop in some form.
Development of GIMPshop was halted in 2006
and the project disavowed by the developer, Scott
Moschella, after an unrelated party registered
GIMPshop as part of an Internet domain name
and passed o the website as belonging to Moschella
while accepting donations and making revenue from
advertising but passing on none of the income to
Moschella.
Instrumented GIMP (ingimp): Created at the
University of Waterloo to track and report user
interaction with the program to generate statistics
about how GIMP is used, rst released on 5 May
2007. Statistics collected by ingimp were publicly
available freely of charge on the projects site after
being anonymized.[70] The ingimp site is no longer
functioning as of 2014.

GIMP supports importing and exporting with a large

number of dierent le formats,[66] GIMPs native format XCF is designed to store all information GIMP
Seashore, GIMP.app and GIMP on OS X: Releases
can contain about an image; XCF is named after the
and derivatives of GIMP for Mac OS[71][72]
eXperimental Computing Facility where GIMP was authored. Import and export capability can be extended to
additional le formats by means of plug-ins.
7.1 Extensions

Forks and derivatives

Because of the free and open-source nature of GIMP,

several forks, variants and derivatives of the computer
program have been created to t the needs of their creators. While GIMP is available for popular operating systems, variants of GIMP may be OS-specic. These variants are neither hosted nor linked on the GIMP site. The
GIMP site does not host GIMP builds for Windows or
Unix-like operating systems either, although it does include a link to a Windows build.

GIMP Animation Package (GAP)

A GIMP plug-in for creating animations. GAP can save
animations in several formats, including GIF and AVI.[73]
The animation function relies on GIMPs layering and
image le name numbering capability. Animations are
created either by placing each frame on its own layer (in
other words, treating each layer as an animation cel), or by
manipulating each numbered le as if it were a frame in
the video: moving, rotating, ipping, changing colors, applying lters, etc. to the layers by taking advantage of interpolation within function calls(plug-in usage), within a

REFERENCES

[4] GIMP Documentation.

GIMP documentation.
GIMP Documentation team. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
[5] Licence-le.
[6] gimp.org Site Overview. www.alexa.com. July 9, 2016.
Retrieved July 9, 2016.
[7] Peck, Akkana (2006). Beginning GIMP: From Novice to
Professional. Physica-Verlag. p. 1. ISBN 1-4302-01355.
[8] Kimball, Spencer; Mattis, Peter (11 February 1996).
readme (tarred and gzipped text, see README). Retrieved 23 March 2008.

An animated GIF generated by GAP plugin

[9] GIMP Prehistory before GIMP 0.54. GIMP history. Peter Mattis. 29 July 1995. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
[10] ancient history. GIMP. Retrieved 18 June 2012.

specied frame range. The resulting project can be saved [11] Documentation. GIMP. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
as an animated GIF or encoded video le. GAP also pro[12] GNU Software. gnu.org. GNU. Retrieved 28 March
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2015.
and move paths, allowing the creation of sophisticated
animations.
[13] why port to windows.
GIMP Paint Studio (GPS)

[14] Bunks, Carey (2000). Grokking the GIMP. New Riders.

p. 14. ISBN 0-7357-0924-6. Retrieved 8 July 2009.

A collection of brushes and accompanying tool presets, [15] Hackvn, Stig (1 January 1999). Where did Spencer
Kimball and Peter Mattis go?".
LinuxWorld.com.
aimed at artists and graphic designers. It speeds up repetArchived from the original on 17 April 1999. Retrieved
[74]
itive tasks and can save tool settings between sessions.

See also

About GIMP
GIMP version history
Libre Graphics Meeting
About editing
Image editing
Comparison of raster graphics editors
List of raster graphics editors

References

[1] 20 Years of GIMP, release of GIMP 2.8.16. The GIMP

Team. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
[2] Schumacher, Michael (2016-07-14). "[Gimp-developer]
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2016-07-15.
[3] GIMP 2.8.14 Microsoft Windows Installer Size. BigDoge. Retrieved 8 January 2015.

19 August 2013. LinuxWorld: Why did you write GTk as

part of GIMP? Mattis: The original version of the GIMP
(0.5) used Motif.

[16] gimp GNU Image Manipulation Program. gimp.

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[17] gimp GIMP Development. gimp website.
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[18] SummerOfCode Wilbers Wiki. Wilbers Wiki.
GIMP developers. 30 April 2009. Retrieved 30 June
2009.
[19] GNU Image Manipulation Program. Google Summer of
Code 2009. Google. 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
[20] Schumacher, Michael (15 March 2007). GSoc 2007
we didn't make it". GIMP Developer mailing list. The
Mail Archive. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
[21] Reitmayr, Ellen (1 January 2008). 2007 Success Stories. openusability.org. Archived from the original on 14
August 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
[22] GIMP UI Redesign. gimp.org. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
[23] GIMP UI brainstorm. GIMP UI team. Retrieved 5 July
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[24] Release Notes for GIMP 2.8. GIMP. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
[25] The standard windows of GIMP. GIMP User Manual.
The GIMP Documentation Team. Retrieved 24 April
2011.

[26] GIMP Windows installers. The gimp-win project.

Retrieved 2 July 2009.

[46] Gallery of WarMUX characters, which features Wilbur.

Wormux.org. Retrieved 18 June 2012.

[27] GIMP downloads. GIMP Project. Retrieved 2 July

2009.

[47] Wilber at the Wayback Machine (archived 29 September

2007) on the Bibliothque nationale de France

[28] GIMP for Mac OS X. GIMP Project. Retrieved 2 July

2009.

[48] GIMP linking to us.

For Wilber kit see
/docs/Wilber_Construction_Kit.xcf.gz

[29] pelya. Debian noroot Android Apps on Google Play.

Retrieved 5 October 2014.

[49] Yamakawa, Yoshinori (6 January 2007). Separate+".

cue.yellowmagic.info. Retrieved 2 July 2009.

[30] Sharwood, Simon (November 8, 2013). GIMP ees

SourceForge over dodgy ads and installer. The Register.
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[50] Decompose. GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2 July 2009.

[31] GIMP Projects Ocial Statement on SourceForges Actions. gimp.org. Retrieved 2015-11-23.

[52] Layer Modes. GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2 July

2009.

[32] SourceForge, What the?". gimp.org. Retrieved 201511-23.

[53] Paths and Text. GIMP manual. Retrieved 16 February

2014.

[33] https://web.archive.org/web/
20150529094757/https://sourceforge.net/blog/
gimp-win-project-wasnt-hijacked-just-abandoned/

[54] Text and Fonts. GIMP manual. Retrieved 5 July 2009.

[34] https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gimp-developer-list/
2015-May/msg00144.html

[51] Introduction to layers. GIMP user manual. Retrieved 2

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[55] Using Script-Fu Scripts. gimp.org website. Retrieved

26 May 2014.
[56] GIMP Basic Perl. gimp.org website. Retrieved 26 May
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[35] http://arstechnica.com/
[57] GIMP Perl source. GNOME git repository. Retrieved 26
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[37] A Thrifty Photoshop Built for the Web. wired.com. 17
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[38] GIMP Developers Conference 2006. the GIMP project.
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[39] Gimp Glory - Story from the Guy Who Made a Video
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[41] GIMP 2.8.10 review - free photo editing software.
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[42] GIMP review: This free image editor is no longer a crippled alternative to Photoshop. ExtremeTech. 28 October
2013. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
[43] Harry Guinness (14 April 2016). GIMP vs Photoshop:
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[44] Harry Guinness (15 February 2016). What Can Photoshop Do That GIMP Can't?". Makeuseof.com. Retrieved
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[45] SuperTuxKart changelog, see 0.6. Mac.softpedia.com.
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[58] GIMP Python Documentation. gimp.org website. Retrieved 26 May 2014.

[59] GIMP Python source. GNOME git repository. Retrieved
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[60] Gimp Client. wiki.tcl.tk website. Retrieved 26 May
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[61] Plug-In Development. gimp.org website. Retrieved 26
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[63] Sharpening Unsharp Mask. www.scantips.com. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
[64] Unsharp Mask. GIMP manual. Retrieved 8 August
2009.
[65] GIMP 2.6 Release Notes. gimp.org. Retrieved 2 July
2009.
[66] File formats supported by the GIMP. gimphelp.org.
2007. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
[67] Hartshorn, Peter. gimp-classic. sourceforge.net. Dice.
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[68] Robinson, Alastair M. GIMP-classic. launchpad.net.
Canonical. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
[69] Haller, John T. (22 March 2009). GIMP Portable.
PortableApps.Com. Rare Ideas. Retrieved 2 July 2009.

11

[70] Ingimp website via Internet Archive

[71] GIMP.app. GIMP.app team. Retrieved 2 July 2009.
[72] Karin Lehmann, Simone.
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gimp.lisanet.de. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
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10

Further reading

Montabone, Sebastian (2010). Beginning Digital

Image Processing: Using Free Tools for Photographers. Berkeley, California: Apress. ISBN 978-14302-2841-7.
Peck, Akkana (16 December 2008). Beginning
GIMP: From Novice to Professional (2nd ed.).
Berkeley, California: Apress. ISBN 978-1-43021070-2.
Bunks, Carey (15 February 2000). Grokking the
GIMP. Indianapolis, Indiana: New Riders Press.
ISBN 978-0-7357-0924-9. Retrieved 21 December
2013.
Lecarme, Olivier; Delvare, Karine (January 2013).
The Book of GIMP. San Francisco, California: No
Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-383-5. Retrieved
7 March 2014.

11

External links

Ocial website
GIMP at DMOZ
GIMP at Open Hub
GIMP magazine
Wilber originally on Bibliothque nationale de
France (photo taken at a Project Blinkenlights installation in Paris)

EXTERNAL LINKS

12
12.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

GIMP Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP?oldid=747531986 Contributors: Damian Yerrick, AxelBoldt, Brion VIBBER, Eloquence, Robert Merkel, Zundark, Taw, Clasqm, Jan Hidders, Alex.tan, Andre Engels, XJaM, Walter, PierreAbbat, Nate Silva, William
Avery, Ben-Zin~enwiki, Alan d, Ellmist, David spector, Branko, Frecklefoot, Edward, Mathsinger, Jahsonic, Nixdorf, Pnm, Ixfd64, Dori,
Skysmith, Arpingstone, Ahoerstemeier, Synthetik, Mac, Den fjttrade ankan~enwiki, JWSchmidt, Kingturtle, LittleDan, Glenn, Nikai,
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