Introduction:

Chopper fed DC motor have various industrial applications, because high

efficiency under sever work load condition is necessary. DC motor give excellent
performance in speed control, speed regulation, breaking, reversing and torque
controlling by voltage controlling phenomena. Comparing the AC drive system the
DC drive are cheaper because of lower horse power rating .PID controllers are
mostly used for the controlling of motor operating in close loop system. Open loop
system doesnt provide satisfactory results while working on the variable speed so
that is why close loop system is batter to operate motor under variable load and
torque conditions. Chopper is a switching device that converts the fixed DC
conditions to the variable DC. In open loop speed control system adjustment of the
speed is setting according to the load changing. Open loop of the DC motor can be
achieved if we change the resistance and voltage of the armature but here is one
disadvantage that we cannot get the accuracy as the close loop system because in
open loop system if we change the load on the motor then there is fluctuations in
the operating speed of the motor which is not desired situation instead of the close
loop system because in close loop feedback is provided to the controller so the
fluctuations in the speed can be handled easily. The variations in the load and the
torque cause change in the speed and speed we basically measured by the motor
shaft by digital tachometer and its value is basically compared by the reference
speed and this difference is applied to the PI controller which cause to the change
in the terminal voltage to the value of the voltages which maintain the constant
speed
Figure 4: Block diagram for closed loop speed control

Intelligent control system which is depending on the fuzzy logic and artificial
neural network gave the most efficient robust performance of the nonlinear
parameters varying system with the load parameters are not desirable in the control
of the DC motor operational working