Paul Stanley experienced nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and diarrhea after eating at a Chinese buffet. He developed a fever and felt weak. On examination, he had nausea, vomiting, mild fever and abdominal pain. He was unable to keep down fluids. Pharmacologic treatments could include domperidone to treat nausea and vomiting, loperamide for diarrhea, and spasminal for abdominal cramps. Non-pharmacologic therapies include dietary modifications and oral rehydration. The patient should be educated on adherence, expected treatment response and potential side effects.
Paul Stanley experienced nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and diarrhea after eating at a Chinese buffet. He developed a fever and felt weak. On examination, he had nausea, vomiting, mild fever and abdominal pain. He was unable to keep down fluids. Pharmacologic treatments could include domperidone to treat nausea and vomiting, loperamide for diarrhea, and spasminal for abdominal cramps. Non-pharmacologic therapies include dietary modifications and oral rehydration. The patient should be educated on adherence, expected treatment response and potential side effects.
Paul Stanley experienced nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and diarrhea after eating at a Chinese buffet. He developed a fever and felt weak. On examination, he had nausea, vomiting, mild fever and abdominal pain. He was unable to keep down fluids. Pharmacologic treatments could include domperidone to treat nausea and vomiting, loperamide for diarrhea, and spasminal for abdominal cramps. Non-pharmacologic therapies include dietary modifications and oral rehydration. The patient should be educated on adherence, expected treatment response and potential side effects.
Paul Stanley is a 60-year-old man who sees his family doctor at the
Family Medicine Clinic with nausea, vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea, He
had been well until 2 days ago, when he began to experience severe nausea that occurred about 6 hours after eating out at a Chinese food buffet. He had eaten a variety of traditional Chinese dishes but had no consumption of alcoholic beverage or milk / dairy product. He took 2 tablespoons of Maalox Plus at that time. The nausea persisted, and he subsequently vomited several times with some relief. As the evening progressed, he still felt awful and took 2 Prilosec OTC tablets to settle his stomach. He began to feel achy and warm, and his temperature at the time was 38,2 degress celcius. He has continued to have nausea, vomiting and a mild fever. He has not tolerated solid food nor has been able to keep down small amounts of fluid. Since yesterday, he has had 6-8 liquid stools along with crampy abdominal pain. He has not noticed any blood or mucus on the bowel movements. His wife brought him to the clinic, because he was becoming weak and dizzy when he tried to stand up. He denies antibiotic use, laxative use, or excessive caffeine untake.
1. Create an assessment of the patients condition
2. What feasible pharmacotherapeutic alternatives are availabe for treatment this patient ? what mechanism of the drug ? 3. What non pharmacologic therapies should be considered for this patient ? 4. What information should be provided to this patient to enhance, adherence, ensure successful therapy, and minimize adverse effects ? Jawaban : 1. Pasien (Paul Stanley) adalah seorang berusia 60 tahun yang memiliki gangguan pada saluran pencernaannya dengan gejala mual dan muntah, diare, cairan yang diminum tidak bisa ditahan sehingga muntah tiap kali setelah minum. demam ringan, dan kram pada perut. Gejala tersebut muncul 6 jam setelah dia menkonsumsi makanan. 2. Obat alternative farmakoterapi untuk pasien adalah :
a. Untuk mengobati mual dan muntah diberikan Domperidon 10 mg
(tablet) Indikasi : Anti emetik (Anti mual) Mekanisme Kerja : Efek antiemetik domperidon disebabkan oleh kombinasi efek periferal (gastrokinetik) dengan antagonis terhadap reseptor dopamin di kemoreseptor yang terletak di area postrema otak. Dosis : Dewasa dan usia lanjut : 10-20 mg, 3 kali sehari dan jika perlu 10 20 mg, sekali sebelum tidur malam tergantung respon klinik. Pengobatan jangan melebihi 12 minggu b. Untuk mengobati diare diberikan Loperamide HCL (tablet) Indikasi : Antidiare Mekanisme Kerja : bekerja dengan cara memperlambat aktivitas usus besar sehingga makanan akan tertahan lebih lama di dalam usus. Dengan begitu, usus akan menyerap lebih banyak air dan tinja akan menjadi lebih padat Dosis : 4 mg pada konsumsi pertama dan 2 mg tiap selesai buang air besar. Dosis maksimal penggunaannya adalah 12 mg per 24 jam c. Untuk mengobati kram perut akibat diare diberikan obat dengan kandungan Methampyrone 500 mg dan Papaverine HCl 25 mg, misalnya adalah Spasminal (tablet) Indikasi : Untuk meringankan rasa sakit yang disertai dengan kolik (spasme). Mekanisme kerja : Methampyrone bekerja sebagai analgesik sedangkan Papaverin merupakan relaksan non spesifik yang bekerja secara langsung pada otot polos Dosis : Dewasa: Jika sakit 1 tablet, berikutnya 1 tablet setiap 6 8 jam, maksimum 4 tablet sehari 3. Terapi non farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien a. Penyebab timbulnya diare, mual dan muntah pada pasien adalah setelah beliau menkonsumsi makanan. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan
diet terutama konsumsi makanan bertekstur keras yang sulit
dicerna oleh usus. b. Rehidrasi sebagai prioritas utama pengobatan, dapat diberikan oralit dengan maksud membantu mengembalikan cairan tubuh yang hilang selama diare.