Hydraulic Basics

A more practical way to show is one using two [2] pistons , one large one small,
interconnected by a pipe or tube and filled with fluid. A large weight on a bigger
Piston can be balanced by a smaller weight on a little piston.
100 pounds

10 pounds
1 sq inch piston

10 sq inch piston
10 inches

Pascals Law Review

The science of Hydraulics ,as with many branches
of engineering, is ancient and modern. The water
wheel for example, precedes written history. Yet,
The use of fluids as a means of transmitting power
has had its greatest development in the past 50 years
Hydraulics is the transmission of power through the
Use of confined fluids. It is based on a principle
discovered
by a Frenchman , Blaise Pascal during the 17th century.
Pascals law states that pressure applied on a
confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all
directions and acts with
equal force on all equal areas
The classic demonstration of this principle is to
fill a small necked
bottle with a fluid and
then burst it by applying pressure on a cork!

PASCALS LAW
Pressure applied to an enclosed fluid
is transmitted equally in all directions and to all parts of the
enclosed system

10 lb
2

10 psi

1 in

50 lb
2

50 in
12in

Since fluid can take the shape of any container,

pressure will also be transmitted, regardless
of the shape of the container.

Pressure will be exerted equally in all directions

Confined liquid is subject

to pressure

Atmospheric Pressure at
Sea Level is 14.75 PSI

Sea Level

Atmospheric Pressure Acts on the Surface Area

of Hydraulic Oil causing the oil to seek its own level.

Atmospheric
PSI

Hydraulic
Fluid
This additional pressure will force oil from
the reservoir to the pump.

Atmospheric Pressure Acts on the Surface Area

of Hydraulic Oil causing the oil to seek its own level.

Atmospheric
PSI

Hydraulic
Fluid
This additional pressure will force oil from
the reservoir to the pump.

Why do we use Hydraulics????

For smooth and precise control of
Functions
Hyd. Oil has good heat transfer properties
Hyd. Oil has excellent lubrication qualities
Hydraulic Oil is nearly incompressible

FLOW AND SPEED

2 foot length

1 GPM
1 foot length

THE ORIFICE AND

PRESSURE DROPS

Capped end

Pressure and Flow

Pressure is the push or
Force created by resistance
and is measured in PSI or Bar

Flow is measured in Gallons

Per Minute and is the amount
of oil running past a given
point.