PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT
SELF-INDUCTANCE

BHARAT NATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

SESSION 2023-24
CLASS-XII A

SUBMITTED BY: KRISHNA KAUSHIK

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. VINAY SAMLIWAL
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Krishna Kaushik of
Bharat National Public School has
completed the Investigatory project in
Physics titled “Study of Applications of
Self-Inductance” himself under the
supervision and guidance of Physics
Teacher Mr. Vinay Samliwal during the
year 2023-24.

1.) Internal Examiner

2.) External Examiner

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I am deeply thankful to my
Physics teacher Mr. Vinay Samliwal for
extending his valuable and scholarly
guidance throughout the preparation of
this project. I am also thankful to all my
respected teachers, library staff, office
staff and staff members of the Physics
Laboratory of the school. I am also
thankful to the teachers and staff
members of the department of Physics for
extending their humanitarian and
scholastic assistance in finding out the
solutions of some query during my work.
Last but not the least I am grateful to my
friends, classmates and parents for
encouraging and never let me down in my
confidence while completing the project.
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 INDEX
S.No. Topic Page
1 Introduction 4
2 Aim 5
3 Apparatus 5
4 Theory 6
5 Circuit 8
Diagram
6 Procedure 10
7 Observation 12
8 Table 12
9 Result 13
10 Precautions 14
11 Sources of 14
error
12 Applications 15
13 Bibliography 18

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INTRODUCTION
To Study about SELF-INDUCTANCE:
•When an electric current is passed
through an insulated conducting coil, it
gives rise to a magnetic field in the coil
so that the coil itself behaves like a
magnet.
•The magnetic flux produced by the
current in the coil is linked with the coil
itself.
•As the strength of the current in the coil
is changed, the flux linked with the
coil also changes. Under such
circumstances an emf is induced in the
coil too. Such emf is called a self-induced
emf and this phenomenon is known
as self-induction.
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 AIM
To study the factor on which the self-
inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when
put in series with a resistor(bulb) in a
circuit fed up by an A.C source of
adjustable frequency.

APPARATUS
A coil of large turns, A.C source of
adjustable frequency, an electrical bulb,
(6V) A.C ammeter of suitable range
rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key,
connecting wires.

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 THEORY
Self-inductance is the property of a coil
which opposes the change in current
through it. The self-inductance of a coil
(long solenoid) is,

L= µ0 µrN2A/ l

Where, µr= Relative magnetic

permeability of magnetic material,

µr = µ/ µ0
N = Total number of turns in solenoid
A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l= length of solenoid

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Hence, the self-inductance depends
upon:
1. No. of turns (N), Lα N²
2. Geometry of coil, Lα A, L α(1/l)
3. Nature of core material, Lα µ
When an inductor is connected in series
with a resistor (bulb) with a variable
source of frequency, then current
flowing in the bulb is,

Irms = Erms/Z
Where, Z = √ R2 + ω2 = Impedance of
the A.C circuit. Here
R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C
source
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 PROCEDURE

1. Make all connections as shown in the

circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the A.C supply & adjust the
current in the circuit by using the
variable resistor (Rh).
3. Record the current in A.C ammeter &
see the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
conductor core & record the current in
A.C ammeter & again check the
brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness both decreases.

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 5. Now, switch off the supply &
decrease the frequency of A.C source
(say 50 Hz).
6. Again, switch on the supply & adjust
the current in circuit at same constant
voltage 6 V by using the rheostat.
Note the current in ammeter &
brightness of bulb. The current
&brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of
coil& note the current & brightness. The
current& brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of A.C source.

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 OBSERVATIONS

1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.

2. 2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. 3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.

TABLE
--

RESULT
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1. The current in the circuit decrease
on inserting the iron rod in the core
of coil at constant frequency of
applied voltage brightness of bulb
decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit
increases on decreasing the
frequency of applied voltage & vice-
versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.

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 PRECAUTIONS

1. The coil should have large

number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small
time to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERRORS

1. The resistance of circuit may

increase slightly due to heating effect
of current.
2. There may be eddy current
in soft iron coil.
Applications of Self-Inductance

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 TESLA COIL- There are many applications
of self-inductance, one of the major ones
being a tesla coil, what is a tesla coil A
Tesla coil is a radio frequency oscillator
that drives the air-core double-tuned
resonant transformer to produce high
voltages with low currents.

 STORAGE OF ENERGY IN A DEVICE-

Inductors can store energy for a small
period of time because the energy which
is being stored as a magnetic field will be
gone when the power supply is removed.
Uses of inductors can be seen in
computer circuits where power supplies
can be switched.

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CHOKES- As we are aware that when AC
current flows through inductors, it will
create a current flow in the opposite
direction. This results in the inductor
choking the AC current flow and passing
the DC current. This mechanism is used
in the power source where the AC supply
is converted into DC.

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TRANSFORMERS- A combination of multiple
inductors with a shared magnetic field can
be designed into a transformer. One of the
major uses of transformer can be seen in
power transmission systems. These are
used in decreasing or increasing the
power transmission as step down or step-
up transformers.

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 Bibliography

Sites used:
https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-
tesla-coil-circuit-diagram-working-its-
applications/https://
www.slideshare.net/karan_19951/
self-inductance-40498923
NCERT class 12 Textbook (Physics)
Physics Lab Manual

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