Investigatory Project Work Physics

Submitted by:-
Dharitri Samal
Class –XII(Science)
Roll no.-23

Under the guidance of:-

Mr. Pradeep Shirote sir
PGT(Physics)

Department of Physics
Appasaheb Birnale Public School
 Certificate

This is to certify that Dhara Samal of class XII

Science of Appasaheb Birnale Public School Sangli
has successfully completed and submitted
investigatory project entitled,” To study the factor
on which the self inductance of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil,when put up in
series with a resistor(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C source of adjustable frequency” to the
department of physics for AISSCE practical
examination 2022-2023 as set by Central Board of
Secondary Education.
This project is absolutely genuine and does not
indulge any kind of plagiarism.

Signature of Principal Signature of Teacher

 Declaration

I hereby declare that the project work entitled,

“To study the factor on which the self
inductance of a coil depends by observing
the effect of this coil,when put up in series
with a resistor(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C source of adjustable
frequency”,submitted to Department of
Physics,Appasaheb Birnale Public School is
prepared by me.

Dhara Samal
Class- XII {SCI}
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks &

gratitude to my project guide Mr. Pradip Shirote sir
for guiding me immensely through the course of
the project. He always evinced keen interest in my
work. His constructive advice & constant motivation
have been responsible for the successful
completion of this project. My sincere thanks go to
Mrs. Sharada Khot, our principal mam, for her
coordination in extending every possible support
for the completion of this project. I also thanks to
my parents for their motivation & support. I must
thanks to my classmates for their timely help &
support for compilation of this project. Last but not
the least; I would like to thank all those who had
helped directly or indirectly towards the completion
of this project.
 Index
Sr.No Contents
1. Aim

2. Apparatus

3. Theory & Circuit

diagram
4. Procedure

5. Observation

6. Result

7. Precautions

8. Sources of Error
Aim:-
To study the factor on which the self
inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil,when put up in series with a
resistor(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C
source of adjustable frequency.

Apparatus:-
A coil of large turns, a.c. source of adjustable
frequency, an electrical bulb,(6V) a.c. ammeter
of suitable range, rheostat, a soft iron rod, one
way key, connecting wires etc.
Theory:-
Self inductance is the property of coil which
opposes the change in current through
it.The self inductance of a coil(Long
Solenoid) is
µ˳µᵣ𝑁²𝐴
L=
𝑙

Where µᵣ= Relative magnetic permeability of

magnetic material,
µ
µᵣ =
µ˳

N = Total number of turns in solenoid.

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid.
𝒍 = Length of solenoid.
Hence, the self inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns(N) , LαN²
1
2. Geometry of coil , LαA,L α
𝒍
3. Nature of core material , L α µ

When an inductor is connected in series with

a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of
frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
𝑬𝒓𝒎𝒔
Irms=
𝒁

Where Z=√𝑅² + 𝜔²L² = impedence of the a.c.

circuit.Here,
R = Resistance of the bulb.
L = Self inductance of coil.
𝜔 = 2𝜋f = Angular frequency of a.c. source.
The brightness of bulb i.e.,Heat generated in
the bulb is
H=I²rmsZt
𝑯
P= = I²rmsZt
𝒕

P=I²rms√𝑅² + 𝜔²L²

Circuit Diagram:-
Procedure:-

1. Make all connections as shown in the

circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply and adjust the
current in the circuit by using the
variable resistor(Rh).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see
the brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the
conductor core & record the current in a.c.
ammeter & again check the brightness of bulb.
The current and brightness both decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the
frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V
by using the rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter & brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness both will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil &
note the current and brightness. The current and
brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of a.c. source.
 Observations:-
1.Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2.Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3.Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

S.No. Frequency of Current in Current in

applied ammeter ammeter
voltage(Hz) without iron with iron
rod in rod in
coil(A) coil(A)
1. 60 2 1.8

2. 50 2.5 2.3

3. 40 2.9 2.6

4. 30 3.4 3.25

5. 20 4.1 4
Result:-
1. The current in the circuit decrease on
inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied voltage &
brightness of bulb decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage
& vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of
bulb increases.

Precautions:-
1. The coil should have large number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time
to avoid the heating effect.
Sources of Error:-
1. The resistance of circuit may increase
slightly due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.

Thank You