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Chapter 2: Force and Motion 2.1 Linear Motion ( ../60 X 100 ..%)
Chapter 2: Force and Motion 2.1 Linear Motion ( ../60 X 100 ..%)
2.1
Linear Motion
A student is able to :
2.1.1 Define distance and displacement
2.1.2 Define speed and velocity and state that v = s/t
2.1.3 Define acceleration and deceleration and state that
a=v-u
t
2.1.4 Calculate speed and velocity
2.1.5 Calculate acceleration / deceleration
2.1.6 Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration using
(i) v = u + at
(ii) s = ut + at2
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2as
Distance and Displacement
A:
B:
quantity
(b)
quantity
2.
3.
4.
Distance
Displacement
Distance taken with
consideration of direction
Definition
Type of quantity
Scalar quantity
SI unit
Speed
Velocity
Rate of change of
displacement
Definition
Type of physical
quantity
Formula
Scalar
Speed
= Total distance
Time
Velocity
=
m s-1
SI unit
u, v
u denotes initial speed
v denotes final speed
Average speed
= Total distance
Time
Symbol
u, v
u denotes initial velocity
v denotes final velocity
We usually consider the
forward motion ( to the right )
as positive and the backward
( to the left) as negative )
Acceleration
D:
2.
a=
E:
3.
4.
Acceleration is a .. quantity
5.
6.
A car starts from points from point O and moves to U, 50 m to the north in 60 s. The car then
moves to B, 120 m to the west in 40 s. Finally, it stops.
Calculate the :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
A bus stops at a station to pick passengers up. It then moves and attains a velocity of 15 m s-1
in 8 s. What is the acceleration of the bus ?
2.
Increasing
short
increasing
far
same
Speed
decreasing
low
high
decreasing
Pattern
Explanation
(a)
Direction of motion
. .
.
Initial
Final
Direction of motion
(b)
................
.
Initial
Final
(c)
Direction of motion
. .
.
Initial
Final
Direction of motion
(d)
. . . .
.
Initial
(e)
Final
Direction of motion
. .
.
Initial
G:
. . . .
Final
5 cm
Solution :
Step
Solution
= . cm s-1
v=
cm
s
= . cm s-1
Total time, t = (
) x .. s
=
x ... s
= . S
a=vu
t
=
= cm s-2
5. Acceleration, a = v u
t
Symbol
v
2.
Initial velocity
acceleration
List the equations of linear motion.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Questions
1. Solve the following problems using the equations of linear motion
(a) A car moves from rest to a velocity of 10 ms-1 in 5 s .Calculate the acceleration of the car
Solution :
(b) A car traveling with a velocity of 10 m s-1 accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3 m s-2 for 20 s.
Calculate the displacement of the car.
Solution :
(c) A van that is traveling with velocity 16 m s-1 decelerates until it comes to a stop. If the
distance traveled is 8 m, calculate the deceleration of the van.
Solution :
2.2
[/20 x 100 = %]
A student is able to :
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.5
2.2.6
A:
2.2.3
2.2.4
Explanation
s/m
The displacement of the object from a fixed point is
.. Therefore, the velocity of the
object is .
0
t/s
s/m
The gradient of the graph = ..of the object.
The gradient of the graph is ., therefore the
velocity of the object is .
0
t/s
s/m
The gradient of the graph .. with time.
Therefore the velocity of the object . with
.
0
t/s
Graph of v against t
Explanation
v/m s-1
Velocity of object is . . The object is
t/s
v/m s-1
The object is moving with uniform
t/s
v/m s-1
t/s
v/m s-1
Area under the graph = .
t/s
B. Describe the motion of a runner who is running in a straight line
s/m
25
20
15
10
5
Dt/s
O
t/s
5
10
Solution :
12
15
O-A
A-B
B-C
C-D
C: Study the velocity-time graph.
v/m s-1
10
B
D
A
10
15
20
25
t/s
A student is able to :
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
A.
When the bus stops suddenly our feet are brought to rest but due to inertia, our body
tends to continue its (forward/backward) motion. This causes our body to jerk
forward.(thrown forward)
2.
When the bus moves suddenly from rest our feet are carried (forward/backward) but
Due to inertia our body tends to keep us (rest/moving) . This causes our body to
fall backwards. (thrown backbards)
3.
4.
The mass of an object is the amount or quantity of matter contained in the object.
5.
6.
7.
Effects of inertia
B. Explain the positive effect by using the clues given.
Positive effect
Of inertia
Characteristic
Explanation
(d) Airbag
2.4
ANALYSNG MOMENTUM
A student is able to :
2.4.1 Define the momentum of an object
10
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
A.
2.
x .
= .
3.
Momentum is a .. quantity
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B.
v2
u2
m2
m1
Before collision
m2
after collision
Momentum :
2.
m1
u2 = 0
m2
m1 + m2
Before collision
after collision
Momentum :
3. Explosion : Two or more bodies in contact will be after the explosion
v1
(m1 + m2), u = 0
Before explosion
v2
m2
after explosion
Momentum :
B.
Inelastic collision
Explosion
Two or more bodies in contact will
be separated after the collision
The total momentum is conserved
C.
1.
Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20 m s-1 in
front of it. Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A moves at 25 m s-1 after collision,
determine the velocity of Car B after collision.
Solution :
2:
A trolley of mass 4 kg moves at 3 m s-1 and collide with a trolley of mass 2 kg which is moving in the
opposite direction at 1 m s-1. After the collision, both trolleys move together with the same velocity.
What is their common velocity ?
12
Solution :
3:
A bullet of mass 2 g is shot from a gun of mass 1 kg with a velocity of 150 m s-1 . Calculate
the velocity of the recoil of the gun after firing.
Solution :
13