CIVE 162001

This question paper consists of 3 printed pages,

plus 2 formula sheets,
each of which is identified by
the Code Number CIVE 162001

Formula Sheet attached

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
May/June 2005
Examination for the degree of
BEng/ MEng
Civil Engineering

Solutions
Engineering Maths 1.1
Time allowed: 2 hours

Attempt 4 questions

CIVE 162001 Formula Sheet ii/ii

END

CIVE 162001
4. Points A, B & C have coordinates (0, 2), (2, 3) and (2, 6) with respect to axes (x, y), and points
A & B have coordinates (3, 1) and (4, -1) with respect to axes (x, y).
(i) Write a matrix equation that will transform coordinates in system (x, y) to (x, y).
[18 marks]
(ii) What will be the coordinates of point C with respect to axes (x, y)?
[7 marks]
C
(2,6)
y
y

(2,3)

(3,1)

B
(4, -1)

(0,2)

tan (2/1) =
= 63.43,

tan (-90) = (2/1)

= 153,43,

= - = 90.0

The rotation matrix is then written:

cos 90 sin 90 0 1

sin 90 cos 90 1 0
Apply the rotation to point A

x ''
0 1 0 2.0
'' =
=
y
A 1 0 2 0.0
To calculate the translation use

x ' x '' T x
' = '' +
y y T
y
For A

T x 3 2 .0 1 .0
= =
T 1
y 0 .0 1 .0
The complete transformation equation is then:

x ' 0 1 x 1.0
' =
+
y
1 0 y 1.0
And the coordinates of C can be calculated:

x'
0 1 2 1.0 7.0
' =
+ =
y
C 1 0 6 1.0 1.0
CIVE 162001 Formula Sheet ii/ii

END

CIVE 162001
5

For the spring system shown in figure 1

i)
And considering the how the extension of each spring relates to the tension in the
springs develop a set of simultaneous linear equations in the three nodal displacements
1, 2 and 3 to the nodal forces W1, W2 and W3.
[12 marks]
ii)
Rewrite the equations developed in part (i) as a matrix equation.
[3 marks]
iii)
Showing all working to invert the stiffness matrix of part (ii), calculate the nodal
displacements when: Ka= 2 N/mm, Kb = 1 N/mm, Kc = 1 N/mm, Kd = 5 N/mm, and
W1 = 10N, W2 = 10N and W3 = 10N.
[10 Marks]
Spring tensions are calculated from elasticity

Ta = k a ( 1 )

Tb = k b ( 2 1 )

Ka

Tc = k c 2

Td = k d ( 3 2 )

W1

node 1
Kc

Equilibrium at each node gives

Kb

Ta Tb = W1
Tb + Tc Td = W2

node 2

Td = W3

Combining these equations

W2
Kd

(k a + k b ) 1 + ( k b ) 2 + 0 = W1
( k b ) 1 + (k b + k c + k d ) 2 + ( k d ) 3 = W2
( k d ) 2 + (k d ) 3 = W3
0
+

W3
3

3 1 2 + 0 = 10
1 + 7 2 5 3 = 10
0 5 2 + 5 3 = 10
In matrix form

( k b )
0 1 = W1
(k a + k b )

( k b ) (k b + k c + k d ) ( k d ) 2 = W2

( k d )
(k d ) 3 = W3
0

3 1 0 1 = 10

1 7 5 2 = 10
0 5 5 = 10

3
Solve by basic matrix operation to get echelon form to give the extensions in terms of mm.

1 8

2 = 14
16
3
CIVE 162001 Formula Sheet ii/ii

END

node 3

CIVE 162001
6. Find the inverse of the following matrix A
1 2 1

A = 3 2 1
1 3 3

i) using the augmented matrix approach

[10 Marks]
ii) using the adjunct matrix and the relation A

= adj A A

[15 Marks]
i)Solution
Consider the augmented matrix

1 2 1 : 1 0 0

3 2 1 : 0 1 0
1 4 3 : 0 0 1

r1 r 2
0 : 1 1 0
2 0

r 2 3r1
0 4 2 : 3 1 0
0
r 3 r1
2
2 : 1 0 1

r 2 + r3
r 2 + 2r 3
r1 / ( 2 )

r 2 / ( 2 )
r3 / 2

2 0 0 : 1 1 0

0 2 0 : 4 1 1
0
0 2 : 5 1 2

1/ 2
0
1 0 0 : 1/ 2

1/ 2 1/ 2
0 1 0 : 2
0 0 1 : 2 1/ 5 1/ 2
1

The inverse is then

1/ 2
0
1/ 2

2
1/ 2 1/ 2

2 1/ 5 1/ 2
1

CIVE 162001 Formula Sheet ii/ii

END

CIVE 162001
ii)Find the inverse of the matrix A
1 2 1

A = 3 2 1
1 4 3

A 1

1 2 1

adj A
=
A

A =3 2 1

1 4 3

Interchange c1 and c3

1 1 2
A = 1 3 1 2

1 3 4
c3 2c2

1 1

A = 1 3 1

1 3 2
r1-r2

2 0
A = 1 3

0
0

3 2

A = 1 ( 2 ) 1 ( 2 ) = 4

2
+
4
2
adj A =
4
2
+
2

1
3
1
3
1
1

3 1
1 3
1 1
1 3
1 1
3 1

2 8 10

= 2 2 2
0
2 4

2 2 0

= 8 2
2
10 2 4

3 2

+
1 4
1 2

1 4
1 2

+
3 2

1/ 2
0
1/ 2

adjA
=
= 2
1/ 2 1/ 2
A
2 1/ 2 1/ 3
1

CIVE 162001 Formula Sheet ii/ii

END