Laboratory 1 - Introduction to Circuit

Analysis

David Setiawan
Dennis Muljadi
Alexander Mario

Procedure 1 Continuity Check

a.The resistance between two holes in a row of 5 connected holes: 0.3

The resistance between two holes at the opposite ends of a long side
row (+ or -): 0.3
There are no difference because in both
cases, the circuit is complete (they are all connected)
b. Undefined, 1 .
c. No

Procedure 2 Ohm's Law

a.

b. voltage: 1.362 V
c. current: 0.41 mA
d. voltage: 9.27 V current: 2.77 mA
e. voltage: 10.68 V current: 3.19 mA
f.

g. 1.5V battery : R M = 1.362 V / 0.41 mA = 3.32 k

9V battery: R M = 9.27 V / 2.77 mA = 3.34 k
1.5V & 9V battery (series): R M = 10.68 V / 3.19 mA = 3.35 k
h. R M = 3.32 k
i. average calculated value = (3.32+3.34+3.35)k/3 = 3.34k
error = (3.34-3.32)/3.32 = 0.60 %
Procedure 3 Voltage Divider

a.

b. Voltage: 6.75 V
Range of voltage: 6.4125 V < Voltage < 7.0875 V
c. Battery voltage: 9.68 V
Resistor values: 9.90 k and 29.4 k
d. 29.4/(9.90 + 29.4)*9.68 V = 7.24 V (data is out of range due a higher
actual battery voltage)
e. Voltage: 7.09 V, there is a slight difference which due to
estimation/data taking error
Procedure 4 Current Divider
a.

b. Total resistance: 1000*300 /(1000+300)= 230.77

Current (300) = 9 / 300 = 0.03 A = 30 mA
Current (1 k) = 9 / 1000 = 0.009 A = 9 mA
Current leaving the battery = 9 / 230.77 = 0.039 A = 39 mA
Range of current = 37.05 mA < Current < 40.95 mA
c. Battery voltage: 9.68 V
Resistor values: 297 and 0.985 k
d. Total resistance: 985*297 /(985+297)= 228.19
Current (300) = 9.68 / 297 = 0.0326 A = 32.6 mA
Current (1 k) = 9.68 / 985 = 0.00983 A = 9.83 mA
Current leaving the battery = 9.68 / 228.19 = 0.0424 A = 42.4 mA
(data is out of range
due a higher actual battery voltage)
e.Current (300) = 28.8 mA
Current (1 k) = 8.68 mA
Current leaving the battery = 37.3 mA
There is a slight difference which due to estimation/data taking error,
or the condition
of the battery due to usage
f. Power (300) = I 2 R = 0.028 82297 = 0.246 W
Power (1 k) = I 2 R = 0.008682985 = 0.0742 W
The resistor are expected to be hot, as both resistors dissipated
power, with heat as wasted energy.

Procedure 5 Voltage Divider Design

a.

b. Voltage: 4.75 V
c.
Procedure 6 Basic Statistical Analysis
x 1 + x 2+ + x N
1. Mean =
= 1.0057 M
N
2. Using excel, (=median(data)), median = 0.9935 M
3. Standard deviation =
4.

1
(x i)2

N i=1

= 0.0535 M

The distribution
function is not evenly distributed, most of the data lay in the lower/
first bin (0.972 1.022 M)
5. Percentage of resistors within 1% = 45.83%, 2% = 66.67, 5% =
91.67 %.
Yes they will change with time and usage (One possible reason is that
heating may reduce resistance).
6. Measurement error (unstable hand, wire, etc), difference in recording
measurement (different multimeters), condition of the resistor (as
previously discussed with time and usage).