CHAPTER 3

CHECK SURVEY &

LOCATION MARKING
1.0
1.1

CHECK SURVEY:
Check survey is carried out for the following purposes:
a)
To reconfirm the work carried out during detailed survey.
b)
To locate and peg mark the tower position on ground.
c)
To give direction pegs for excavation of tower foundation pits.

1.2

The theodolite survey is started from the known fixed angle point (the starting point of the
line or any other fixed obligatory point) in the direction of given line deviation and continued
upto a distance equal to the section length between the starting point and the next angle point.
The wooden pegs placed during the detailed survey are checked and, if found, are used to
align the route. Intermediate checks are also made by measuring offsets from the line to well
defined objects shown in the profile very accurately. However, much reliance cannot be given
for correct alignment based on offset distances. These objects only guide the surveyor in
moving as closely on the correct alignment as possible.

1.3

If this next angle point is firmly marked in the field by means of a permanent peg mark or
concrete pillar, then the closing error, with reference to the point reached during the check
survey, is measured both in the longitudinal and the transverse directions. If the error is within
1% of the total section length, it can be ignored and the permanent mark made during detailed
survey is taken as correct and necessary correction in the line deviation angle at the starting
point is made and noted in the tower schedule.

1.4

If the second angle point reached is not marked in the field by the detailed survey gang or the
mark is missing, the angle point is tentatively fixed at the place reached during check survey
as per the deviation angle at the starting point and the first section length. The line alignment
is continued to the next deviation angle and the next section length as per the profile. This
process is continued till an angle point is reached which is found fixed in the field either by
permanent pillar or by means of identification marks given in the profile.

1.5

Once a known angle point is reached then the closing error is judiciously distributed in all the
previous temporary sections and all angle points are finally marked on ground by means of
concrete pillars. Once the angle points are marked, correct angles of deviation and section
lengths are measured and noted on the profile.

1.6

In order to help in correctly aligning all intermediate towers between two angle points, a
number of alignment pegs are given during the exact distance measurement of the section
lengths. The more the number of alignment pegs the better it will be for the readings as
instrument errors are less if smaller distances are measured in one reading. These pegs are
also very useful when main tower marking pillars are found missing at a later date (due to
mischief of local people or negligence of excavation marking gang).

1.7

Any adjustment in section length, when required, is normally done in the last span of that
section or in the span where very marginal clearance was kept at the time of tower spotting (if
reduction in section length is required), or where enough clearance is available (if increase in
section length is required).

2.0
2.1

SPOTTING AND PEG MARKING OF TOWER LOCATIONS:

Once each angle is fixed in the field with the help of permanent concrete pillars and exact
section length is known and adjustments in section lengths made wherever required, the
marking of all intermediate tower locations is done in the straight line joining the two angle

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Construction Manual for Transmission Lines

points. The alignment pegs given during the exact distance measurement of the section
lengths are used in order to help in correctly aligning all intermediate towers between two
angle points.
2.2

The tower locations are spaced at a distance equal to individual span length as given in the
profile, or after the span lengths have been duly adjusted in case of closing error.

2.3

Directional peg marking is thereafter given at all tower locations for excavation pit marking.
Directional pegs are essential for correct alignment of the tower centre line along longitudinal
and transverse directions.

2.4

On suspension and dead end towers, the pegs are set along the centre line of route alignment
and also perpendicular to it.

2.5

On angle towers, the marking of the pegs is rotated by an angle equal to half the angle of line
deviation.