ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTEGRATED DATABASE PROGRAM FOR

VALUE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF WET, DRIED

AND MILLED RICE

MARY GRACE R. ALONER

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF

DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

APRIL 2014

Permission is given to the following people to have access to this thesis:

Available to the general public
Available only after consultation with author/thesis adviser
Available only to those bound by confidentiality agreement
Signature of Student:
______________________
Signature of Thesis adviser: ______________________

Yes
Yes
No

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Under the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III, the flagship
program Agrikulturang-Pinoy (Agri-Pinoy) Rice Program was launched to uphold
agricultural development programs through government interventions and initiatives
aiming for food security and self-sufficiency, resource management and support services
from farm to table (da.gov.ph,2014). Policy-oriented activities are also part of the
program. Domestic production of rice is emphasized in the program as one of key
strategies for self-sufficiency.
The use of technology in communication plays a major role in information
dessimination in educationg farmers with reforms and new farming methods accross the
country. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) use online tools in sharing rice
technologies and knowledge to farmers in improving their production. One project of
IRRI is the Rice Crop Manager. It is a smarthphone application that allows user to have
specific virtual consultation regarding nutrient, pest, weed, grain variety or irrigation.
If these recommendations are followed, it is aimed to increase yield by 300kg per hectare
on each season.
Department of Agriculture through other government agencies, like
Philippines Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is making its efforts to achieve rice
sufficiency. These programs are also supported by a campaign by providing rice
consumers information on awareness of consumption. Year 2013 was launched as the
year of rice promoting awareness on consumption and wasted rice. This campaign is

targeting three segment of population such as producers, policy-makers and consumers

(PhilRice,2014).
As the Agri-Pinoy Rice program aims to reach all farming communities all
over the country, its effectiveness and impact should be measured. One of the expected
output of these projects for the program is to promote efficiency resulting to increase the
yield or reduce cost on rice farming productions.In this study, value analysis is used to
measure the value addition in every stage of production and processing of rice pertaining
to the ratio of price of product on each stage over the cost of producing the product. It is
also used to measure technological impacts by measuring effect of changes to value.
Furthermore, Value analysis serves as a tool in identifying areas for improvement in
reducing cost associated. This study will generate value analysis using the information
available on Countrystat. The study focuses on the efficient use of information by means
of transforming the available information into a useful analysis. By building a database
program for value analysis of the rice production, the process can be easily done for
future analysis and on accessing previous years. It is hypothesized by the researcher that
through value analysis, the technological advances on different regions of the country are
said to be equally distributed and value on a particular location progresses through time.

1.2 Significance of the Study

The data alone on websites are very useful to most research analysis and it is
said to look for its potential use. The data available on CountryStat, mainly from
agricultural surveys are integrated with other statistical information gathered by other
agencies like NSO, DOLE, etc. Its facts and figure provides information for public use

for references and for other purposes it may serve. These are statistical indicators that are
essential in making generalization on agricultural or economic performance and
developments. However, these indicators that may appear to have single or few
implications can be manipulated and transformed into more useful information. The
database program will serve as the storage database program for these new set of
information. Value analysis is a tool for researchers identify areas for improvement in the
process since the production is divided into three stages. It will efficiently illustrate effect
of changes, any increase or decrease, on value by identifying the changes in cost such as
innovation in technology, effective use of pesticide, improvement on irrigation etc. The
division into stages will also help identify the stage where rice has its highest and lowest
value. The second output of the program involves the analysis of stakeholders
contribution of cost which significantly indicates who burdens costs of production. In this
aspect, policy makers can concentrate creating government programs or tools helping
them reduce or redistribute costs. Also with the help of the application, update for future
analysis can be easily done by updating the data on the database.
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to create an application that can be used in
the value analysis of rice production and processing for the Department of Agriculture,
Bureau of Agricultuaral Statistics:
Specifically the study aims:
1. To create the user-friendly application using Macromedia Dreamweaver 8.0 that
will organize, evaluate, present and store information.

2. To make use of existing information available on countrystat.bas.gov.ph and

NFA, transform these into a new useful or more meaningful information using
value analysis.
3. Present and interpret the value progression of rice in each stage of rice production
and processing.
4. To show distribution of costs on stakeholders on each stage of rice production and
processing.

The applications functions and objectives:

1. Has user-friendly interface to easily explore and use the application.
2. Integrates, organize and store data for future use.
3. Allows computation for the value of rice per stage of rice production and its
average.
4. Present summary of information in the form of graphs and tables.
5. Allows to store information in a database and to access for download copy.

1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study covers documentation and observation of processess of rice
production particularly the wet,drying and milling stage. The data used are limited to the
available data on Countrystat. These information are based from the previous and most
recent survey conducted by BAS. The set of data from the Cost and Returns of sub
national section of the Countrystat database. They were from 2009 up to 2012. The costs
are based from the average annual production of wet and dry harvesting season. Although

different crops are available from Countrystat, only rice was taken consideration. The
application covers the sub-national crop production which enables the user to select area
from regional level. The commercial rice represents the type of grain as a whole and was
taken consideration in the study. The type of costs taken consideration in the rice
production depends on the classification made from BAS surveys. This restrain the
available use data. Farmgate price, farmgate price of dried palay and regular milled rice
were the prices used for wet, dried and milled stage respectively. Other costs such as
trading, drying and milling are derived from National Food Authorithy website.
1.4 Time and Place of the Study
Most of the researches took place at University of the Philippines Los
Baos, Laguna and 1184 Ben-Lor Bldg Quezon Avenue, Quezon City where the Bureau
of Agricultural Statistics office is located. Programming and report writing were done at
the researchers residence at Valenzuela City, Metro Manila. The duration of the study is
from August to February 2014. Schedule of activities are shown at Table 1.
Table 1. Gantt Chart of Activities

1.5 Statement of the Problem

In spite of several efforts of the government for rice development programs
in the country, mostly few regions and areas only access this opportunity. Since the long
term goal of the Agri-Pinoy program of the Department of Agriculture is to uphold
domestic farming of rice in order to have sufficiency all over the country addressing
poverty, food security and economic stability, it is necessary to measure distribution of
these technologies and programs.
The information available on Countrystat are significant because of their
potential use for further research and deeper analysis. Most, if not all, users need to
access these information in order to make important conclusions for the purpose of
research. The data are the one already available on different government agencies which
mostly are accessible and are open to the public through websites. This information is
categorized into Secondary type of data or the data that are previously collected. In this
study, the researcher aims to efficiently use this available information by manipulation
and transforming these into more useful information and providing another perspective
on analysing value of rice. Through value analysis, a set of information already available
such as price and posts are used to make valuable interpretation and conclusion. Building
an application also enables the user to make value analysis easier and better.

2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1

Rice cultivation

Rice (Oryza Santiva L.) belongs to the family Gramineae or simply family
of grass, some of which cereals and sugar cane belong to. The word rice has modified
from its original word Erus to rice, riz and reis. Later on, it evolved on several terms in
which it was based on stages of growth and the different preparation. Example, growing
rice plant, rough rice, hand-pounded rice and milled white rice has different terms but
which simply refers to rice (Grist, 1959).In the Philippines, the earliest evidence of rice
cultivation can be observed in the terraces of the Ifugao. The rice farming in the
Philippines has been practiced ever since as it became the main source of food diet of an
average Filipino as it is rich in protein and a good energy source (Juliano,1993).Now, rice
industry has the top crop production at 20% compared to corn with only 6% of all crop
(countrystat,2014). The rice programs for the development for rice sustainability has been
countinuously propagated all over the country. The complete list of the specific
interventions provided by the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program is shown at Appendix A
(DA,2014).
According to The Philipines Recommends For Rice Postproduction Operations
2001, the process flow of rice production after harvesting depends whether it is for
commercial or farm level consumption.Farm level refers to production that does not
reach the distribution due to consumption of own rice produced. The diagram shows the
difference between farm level and commercial postproduction. The commercial level

consists of traders, additional storage and marketing. In this study, the assumption was
commercial level of production was used.
Commercial level

Farm level
harvesting

harvesting

Field drying

stacking/piling
g

stacking/piling
hgg

threshing

Field drying

drying

threshing

Paddy
storage

Procurement
of traders

milling

drying

consumption

Paddy
storage
milling

Rice storage

marketing

Figure 2.1.1 Farm-level vs commercial level postproduction of rice

2.2

Value Analysis

Value analysis or value engineering was first used at General Electronic by an

engineer named, Lawrence Miles during 1947. During World War II, there were limited
resources on supply and manpower and alternatives were found to reduce cost on
production. The said technique was developed into a more systematic process called
value analysis (Rich,2000).
Value, defined as the ratio of the price market is willing to pay for the product and the
total cost of production, is used as the key indicator of rice progression. It is a

10

quantitative measure to show the ratio between cost and price. This implies that the
higher the measure of value, the better. The two major objectives of value analysis is (1)
to improve value by sustaining or improving performance attributes and (2) to eliminate
unnecessary or reducing overall costs (Project Development Procedures Manual,2002).
Its approach is understanding its constituent components and their associated costs. Value
analysis can be applied to a product or process. The product or process may be broken
down into components, which can be associated with the functions they support
(Tidd,2005). The value of the product or process then may be increased by improving or
replacing individual components. This also applies to the whole item being analyzed,
which may be completely replaced with a more functional or lower cost solution.
In this study, the function of the product is represented by the price of rice in the
market. Since the price of rice must be ideally low for consumers, reducing cost is the
only option in increasing value. Choosing alternatives of grain used or improvement on
farming methods are some of the possible means of making significant decrease in cost.
In the Agri-Pinoy Rice program, effectiveness of project are aimed to measured through
value analysis. The process of rice production is divided into the three stages to help
evaluate progression of value throughout the process. Identifying the stage with lower
value will help it identify areas for possible improvement.Value analysis ratio gives a
more meaningful indicator in terms of economic purposes. Throughout time, value can
indicate economic performance of rice production.

11

2.3 CountrySTAT
The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) is a staff bureau under the
Department of Agriculture (DA) and serves as the source of official statistics on
agriculture. BAS is the major and the focal agency for agricultural statistics.Its data
systems and procedures are governed by standards and such other rules or norms set in
the Philippine Statistical Sector. The other major players are the National Statistics Office
(NSO) which is in charge of conducting the Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (CAF)
and other censuses and surveys as well as foreign trade compilation of which agriculturebased data are accessed by BAS and the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)
which serves as the coordinating and policy making body of the PSS.

The CountrySTAT ,with the http address countrystat.bas.gov.ph, is a web-based

system that integrates national food and agricultural statistical information aiming the
harmonization of national data and metadata collections for analysis and policy making.
The CountrySTAT Philippines is established by the Philippine Statistical System
(PSS) through the Philippine Statistical Association (PSA). In line with the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 's project "Strengthening the
National Statistical Systems of Selected Countries in the Asian and Pacific Region", a
Letter of Agreement stated that FAO would provide the necessary funds to support
CountrySTAT.
The databases in the CountrySTAT Philippines are organized according to two
major domains: CountrySTAT Core and CountrySTAT Sub-national. The CountrySTAT
core data consist of national data shared with FAOSTAT database while the subnational

12

data are detatiled information on sub-national level. This arrangement of CountrySTAT

Core and Subnational data provide end-users to navigate through the databases from
either geographic or thematic paths. The database and statistical tables posted in the
CountrySTAT are backed up by metadata.
The CountrySTAT Philippines have statistical data series surrounded by statistical
metadata patterned to FAOSTAT's framework. This also serve as a complementary
system to FAOSTAT where its outputs are designed to load easily into FAOSTAT. This
information flow helps FAOSTAT's capacity to provide high quality statistical data at the
international level. It also promotes exchanges of data within countries, between
countries and between FAO and countries. As envisioned in the development of this
system, data from the CountrySTAT, will be uploaded into FAOSTAT. As such, country
contributions to international agriculture and food statistics will arrive from only one
source. The CountrySTAT will initiate quality control steps at the country level as part of
the FAOSTAT data quality monitoring and evaluation system. The benefits derived from
improved national statistical systems will be conveyed to FAOSTAT in the form of high
quality data contributions from the countries.

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3. 0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Conceptual/Operational Framework of the Study

The study focuses on establishing a system that will help in making Value Analysis of
rice production using the available data from countrystat.bas.gov.ph. The variables
considered in building the system consists of man, method and environment. It is shown
at Figure 3.2 below.

Database

Man
End User
Other
Government
Agencies

Accessible
Database
Simplified
and Userfriendly
interface

Method
Programing
Value
Analysis

Environment
Information
Source

Figure 3.1.1 Conceptual Framework of the Study

14

The application which is a database program enables easier presentation of an energy

audit, provides accessibility of Value Analysis and storage of data. The application also
aims to provide a user-friendly environment for functional use.
In terms of man that is involved in the study, the end user is an important factor
because the program is designed for his efficient use. Other government agencies that
provides information to Countrystat also falls under this variable since they are
considered sources of information. Under the method is the process of value analysis.
This involves computation and analysis of necessary data. The value analysis function of
the program is the core of the study. The study covers a lot of programing which is also a
vital part of the study. It is important to always check that the program provides correct
analysis and results are valid. In the variable Environment, information source is
considered as a factor since the data that are used in the study are restrained to what is
available on Countrystat.
The scope of the study which is from production to pre-distribution phase is
divided into three stages. These stages are divided accordingly to the phase of the product
as it progress such as (1) wet, (2) dried and (3) milled rice. Table 3.1.1 shown below
summarizes the expected output of the study.
Table 3.1.1 Expected Output of the study
Stages of Rice
Wet

Dried

Milled

Output 1

Value analysis

Output 2

Percentage distribution of cost to stakeholders

15

On each stage, there are three types of output. First output is where the
progression of value throughout the production is shown. Second output shows the
percentage distribution of costs to each stakeholder involved in each stage. In this
function of the program, the contribution of costs of the stakeholder is clearly identified.
The third output shows the percentage distribution of energy used on the overall
production and the itemized amount of energy involved.
Moreover, the study involves key factors that is essential in building the database
program. This also shows the requirements and tools, processes, outcome and effect of
the study on a wider perspective. Figure 3.1.2 below shows the key factors of the study.

Figure 3.1.2 Key Factors of the Study

These key factors to be considered in the study are categorized into four: 1) input,
2) throughput, 3) output and 4) impact. The input includes the necessary tools that will be
used in the study. Secondary data from the website countrystat.bas.gov.ph are the main
requirements for the analysis to be done. Sufficient knowledge in programming and value
analysis are also needed to build the application. Under the Throughput factors are the
processes to be done in the study. Reengineering process involves improving the data
flow of information designed for updating the application and functionality for the end
user. Creating the application which mostly involves programming is a vital part of

16

building the application. The Output factor comprises the Value Analysis results from the
application. The study is also expected to produce efficient use of data. Under the Impact
factor, the study is expected to produce beneficial studies to agricultural sector and
encourage other data manipulation studies based on available government information.

3.2 Re-Engineering Procedure

Since the data to be used in the study are already available at countrystat.gov.ph
the process of integration of information would be done with the help of an application.
Coordination with Bureau of Agricultural Statistics was conducted to obtain data needed
for the study. Availability of information from each agencies are noted. These data
includes costs, prices, statistics and other valuable information for both data gathering
and background information of the study. Interviews and site observation are also
conducted. Countrystat.bas.gov.ph, the official website of Bureau of Agricultural
Statistics was visited and thoroughly observed. It was also observed what programming
language was used on the website in order to find the compatible language to be used for
the application for the future integration. When the programming language is selected
and all information are set, the application is ready to be built. Interfaces were made and
their respective codes. Data allocation are placed and organized in the database program.
All the necessary data from Countrystat were downloaded and stored in the application.
The application is basically involves the log-in, search for records, value
computation and a summary of results. The activity of the user are stored in the localhost
that serves as the database of the program.

17

Different processes or stages that are involved in rice production are identified
and used in the program to show the progression of value within a time period of a
certain location. Data flow diagrams are also used to illustrate how information is
transformed and stored.
Debug and Test run of application was conducted. The efficiency of the
application is measured by the test run conducted. Case by case scenarios are applied and
results were shown. Validity of the results are highly considered. These trials are also
conducted to identify the limitations of the application. The flexibility of the application
was also examined to see its adaptability to be functional for future alterations.
Lastly, maintenance of the database application was set. The application should
be administered regularly to make sure data are updated. A set of instructions and
reminders about the program was made.

3.3 Definition of Terms

The following terms and definitions are used in the study:
Consumers- acquire goods or services for direct use or consumption and not for
manufacture or resale.
Database - an organized body of related information
Farmers those who are the responsible for planting and cultivation of rice
Farmgate price - price of the product at which it is sold by the farm
Information - a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
Input suppliers are those who provide resources needed for rice production
Land Owner rightful owner of the land used in farming

18

Metadata - data about the data

Millers those who provide the milling service for rice
Price - the amount paid in exchange for the commodity or service.
Traders - are those who buy and sell goods or commodities.
Value is the ratio of price the martket is willing to pay over the cost of production
Value analysis function-oriented, structured, multi-disciplinary team approach to
solving problems or identifying improvements
Concepts and definitions used in the Countrystat report:
A. Cash Costs are those which direct cash outlays are incurred such as hired
labor, fertilizers and chemicals etc.
Seeds/planting materials all types of seeds purchased and paid in cash by
the farmer.
Fertilizer all grades/types of fertilizers purchased and paid in cash by the
farmer..
Pesticides all types of yield-protecting form of chemicals purchased and
paid in cash by the farmer.
Hired labor service rendered by man or animal or machine or any
combination with man-labor which are paid in cash.
Irrigation fee payment in cash for irrigation services utilized.
Rentals payment in cash for the use of land, machine, animals and tools and
equipment, and other farm machineries.
Fuel and oil payment in cash for the purchase of gasoline, diesel, oil,
grease or kerosene needed for the farming operation.

19

Transport costs of inputs- expenditures incurred in transporting farm inputs

to the production sites.
Land tax- amount of tax paid by the owner-operator for the farm land.
Food expenses- cash expenditures incurred in providing food to farm
laborers.
Repairs- costs incurred for all minor repairs and improvements made on the
farm investments.
Interest payment on crop loan- payment for the interest on borrowed capital
used in the farm production.
B. Non-Cash Costs expenditure items which are paid in kind. Valuation is
based on the prevailing prices in the community. Generally, these non-cash
costs represent the portion of the farmers production that serve as payments
to particular factors of production.
Seeds/planting materials all types of seeds/planting material used and are
home-produced or part of the production.
Landlords share portion of farmers production that goes to the owner of
farmland (based on the agreed sharing arrangement).
Harvester/Threshers share portion of farmers production that serves as
payment to farm laborers who perform the harvesting and threshing
activities.
Hired labor paid in kind portion of farmers production that goes to farm
laborers as payment for services rendered in the farm.

20

Irrigation fee In kind portion of farmers production that goes to payment

for irrigation services utilized.
Rentals portion of farmers production that serves as payment for the use of
machines, tools and equipment, and other related inputs.
C. Imputed Costs do not involve actual outlays in cash or in kind; they
represent the costs using own resources in a particular activity and are given
by the values of the best alternative uses forgone.
Operator/family labor imputed wages as payment to labor contributed by
the operator and/or family members. Mandays of labor are valued at
prevailing wage rate in the locality. (Applies also for exchange labor)
Exchange labor- (bayanihan), work done by farm laborers as payment to the
work done by the farm operator/household members outside his own
farm.
Depreciation cost of wear and tear of farm tools and equipment, machinery
and other farm facilities and structures. The straight-line method is used
in computing for depreciation where the cost of acquisition is divided by
the estimated life span of the farm equipment.
Interest on operating capital cost of capital foregone for the purchase of
seeds, fertilizers, chemicals and payment of wages for hired labor; this is
derived by multiplying the total cash outlays by the prevailing lending
rates.
Rental value of owned land the rental value of land being cultivated for a
specific crop, which concerns owner-operator only. If the farmer cannot

21

provide the amount, valuation is done using values/prices existing in the

area.
D. Total Cost refers to the sum of cash costs, non cash costs and imputed
costs.
E. Fixed costs are those costs which remain the same regardless of the
volume of production. Examples are land tax, lease rentals, interest
payment on crop loan, depreciation and rental value of owned land.

3.3 Definition of Symbols

Data Flow Diagram Symbols
Data flow

external agent

process step by step instructions

data store or database

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4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Rice Cultivation Process Flow
The process of cultivation of rice according to the stages of rice production used
in the study is shown at Figure 4.1.1. The process and its description are simplified
according to the use in the study that gives general background about each process.

Figure 4.1.1 Process Flow of Rice Cultivation

The wet stage consists covers the land preparation, irrigation, crop establishment,
transplanting, weeding, pest management and fertilizer application. The first three stages
can interchange or be done simultaneously. While preparing the land, rice seedlings can
be prepared at the nursery until it reached a suitable stage of development before it is
transplanted into a paddy field. Land is usually plow or dug. Plowing or tilling the land in
the Philippines is either done by a machine or with the help of a farm animal. The paddy
filed is tilled into fine mud by removing all weeds and breaking lumps of soil. In
establishing the crop, seeds are soaked in water overnight and cooled for about two days
for germination. Then the germinated seed are set in the nursery. The seedlings are about

23

two to three inches in height in a weeks time. Seedlings can be transplanted after forty
days or earlier if it is fully developed (Grist, D.H., 1959).
As land preparation and crop establishment are usually done at the same time,
plowed land may be left for three or four weeks but can be plowed again before
transplanting due to weeds. Seedlings are tied into bundles in preparation for
transplanting them into the paddy field. Two to six seedlings are thrust into the mud at
distance of about twelve inches.
After transplanting, weeding is usually the next process that occurs. It is usually
done by hand when weeds are still young and roots are still short. Some weed killers are
applied while seeds are still germinating. The process of weeding and pest management
depends on the type of weed or pest that is encountered in the area. Leaf bugs, stem
borers, beetles, worms are the most common pests in the field. Aside from these, birds,
rats and snails greatly affect the yield of rice if not prevented at early stage. Different
insecticides are applied to kill these kinds of pests.
Generally, fertilizer is applied to increase the yield of paddy. It makes nutrient
such as Nitrogen, Phosporus, Potassium iron, manganese, zinc and copper available to the
rice plant. Deficiency on a specific nutrient conveys specific signs of abnormality to the
plant. Application of fertilizer between upland and low land rice differs due to soil
condition. It can be applied after the plant is transplanted into the field or during at the
nursery or at both times.
The second stage which is the dried stage, refers to the process of harvesting,
threshing and drying of rice. Harvesting are usually done using a sickle or with handknives. Threshing are done to separate the grains from the straw. The wet palay are then

24

dried either by means of heat of sun or through machine dryer. Drying is necessary to
remove moisture and prolong its shelf life for storage.
The milled stage consists of processes of storage and milling. If not yet to be used
for consumption, it is then transported into a warehouse for storage. Milling of rice is
done to separate the rice husk from the grains. The milled rice is considered as the final
product. Figure 4.1.2 shows the complete diagram of stages,stakeholders and product
used in the study.

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Figure 4.1.2 Value chain of rice supply chain

RICE VALUE CHAIN
WET

DRIED

MILLED

DISTRIBUTION

Land owner

Farmers

Miller

Wholesaler

Farmers

Traders

Retailer

Input Supplier

Food Processors

Land Preparation

Storage

Storage

Distribution

Irrigation

Drying

Milling

Processing

Crop establishment

Transport

Transport

Consumption

Transplanting

Storage

Weeding
Pest management
Fertilizer application

Harvesting
Threshing

Wet Palay

Dried

Milled Rice

palay

4.2 Costs and stakeholders

The different costs associated in the process of rice production and post harvest is
listed in Table 4.2.1. These costs are mostly aggregate costs disregarding the process

26

utilized. Costs are categorized into three parts: (1) Cash Costs, (2) Non-Cash Costs and
(3) Imputed Costs.
Table 4.2.1 List of Costs
CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor
Land tax
Rentals
Fuel & Oil
Interest payment on crop
loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense
Repairs

NON-CASH COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Hired labor in kind
Harvesters' share
Threshers' share
Shellers share
Landowner's share
Rentals

IMPUTED COSTS
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Operator labor
Family labor
Exchange labor
Depreciation
Interest on operating
capital
Rental value of owned
land

Interest payment on crop

loan
Irrigation fee

The Costs are categorized into the three stage of rice production. This
analysis would help in identifying the stakeholders involved per cost. The table below
summarizes the costs per stakeholder involved.
4.2.2 List of Cost and Stakeholder
Stakeholder

Cost

Stage

Land owner

Land Tax

Wet

Farmer

Hired Labor

Wet

Rentals
Interest payment
on crop loan
Irrigation fee
Food expense

Wet
Wet

Repairs
Harvesters share

Wet
Wet

Wet
Wet

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Threshers share
Landowners share
Operator labor
Family Labor
Exchange Labor
Depreciation
Interest on
operating capital
Rental value of
owned land
Seeds
Fertilizer
Pesticide
Drying cost
Transport cost
Milling cost

Input Supplier

Trader
Miller

Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Dried
Dried
Milled

Fixed costs are summarized at Table 4.2.5 which costs that are attributed to the
costs that are constant regardless of the volume of production.

Table 4.2.3 Fixed Costs

Fixed Costs
Repairs
Interest payment on crop loan
Depreciation
Interest on operating capital
Rental Value of Land
Land Tax

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Stakeholders considered in the study considers the participation from input

supplier, processors, merchants before distributing the product into the market. To
summarize the stakeholders involved in each stage, Figure 4.2.3 shows the diagram.

4.2.3 Stakeholders on Stages of Rice Production

On the wet stage, the stakeholders involved are the basic source of input in
cultivating the rice plant. The landowner plays the role of providing the land particularly
paddy field as area for planting. The terms of use of land depends on the agreement
between the land owner and the farmer. The input supplier acts as the source of material
requirements, excluding labor, in growing the plant. The most important role in the
process in rice production is played by the farmer. He provides the labor through
manpower or with the help of animal. He manages all the farming method needed for the
plant thus all other costs are on his expense. The trader acts as the stakeholder involved in
dried stage. Upon buying the wet palay, the transportation of the product to a certain
destination is shouldered by the trader. He also takes care of drying to be ready for
selling. On the milled stage, the miller is a stakeholder. He processes the product by
removing the rice hull to be ready for distribution and consumption.
4.3 Data Collection Procedure
The data collection which largely depends on the survey is comprised of stages of
procedures. These are divided into three stages namely the Pre-survey Operations, Survey
Operations and the Assessment/ Evaluation of the Project. The Figure of Project Cycle is

29

shown below. The Project Cycle Activities for Survey Operations are listed at Appendix
C. The Stage 1 begins at the planning and organization of materials needed for the study.
Research and consultations are also made. At Stage II or the actual Survey Operations,
the dissemination of appropriate information about the project is relayed up to Provincial
Operation Centers. Data Collection is then done at the field then afterwards filed for
editing and coding. The Data are then encoded into the computer and is ready for
submission to the Central Office. The data are once again checked at the Central Office.
The data are organized into output tables and are reviewed for analysis. A final report
regarding the project would be done to be submitted for reproduction. The last stage of
the Survey operations for data collection is the assessment or evaluation of the whole
project which will get feedback from the output or the activities during the operation.

30

STAGE II
Survey Operations

STAGE I
Pre-Survey Operations

Planning
and
Organization

Provincial
Operations
Centers

Field Data
Collection

Pre-Survey
Consultations

Central
Office

1.Counterediting
2.Data
Cleaning

Submission of
QRES &
encoded data

Field Editing/
Coding
Generation of
Output Tables

Computer
Processing (Data
Encoding)

Data Review and

Analysis

Report Writing

Finalization/
Reproduction/
Submission &
release of final
report

STAGE III
Assessment/Evaluation
of the Project

Figure 4.3.1 The Project Cycle for Survey Operations

There are 16 Regional Operations Centers (ROCs) and 83 Provincial Operations

Centers (POCs) throughout the country. They serve as the agricultural information

31

resource centers at the regions and in the provinces, respectively. They are the one in
charge in the distribution and gathering of information on conducting surveys.
TheROCs exercise technical and administrative supervision and coordination of
all activities and personnel of the POCs in their respective areas of jurisdiction; extend
technical assistance to end-users at the regional level in accessing and analyzing
agriculture and fishery information; and assume responsibility for the maintenance of the
NIN at the regional level, once it becomes operational.The POCs implement all statistical
activities of the BAS; compile, organize and maintain up-to-date data on agriculture and
fisheries sectors for the province; assist local end-users in accessing and analyzing
agriculture and fishery information; and maintain the NIN at the provincial level, once it
becomes operational.

Integration of Data
The Countrystats site administrator or webmaster, namely Mr. Jing B. Jalisan, is
responsible for the websites maintenance. The webmaster and his team manage the
systems condition.
However, each division is required to submit reports of updates on necessary facts
and figures. The list of these divisions are shown at Appendix C. The schedule of
submission is given and deadline for posting can be viewed under Countrystats Calendar
page. Each of the division has designated data to be submitted on a deadline. The
necessary data would be saved in a Folder in the Shared Drive. These data would be
consolidated by the Countrystat web team for review before posting.

32

Figure 4.4.2 Calendar Page of CountryStat

4.4 Database
The application was programmed using html tools Macromedia Dreamweaver 8.0
and myadminPhp. The interface using the Dreamweaver enables to direct the user to a
flow but still allows user to freely navigate in the application. The database linked to the
interface used myadminphp.The data are stored in the database is accessible only to the
database personnel in which he can manages the data system. In case there is new
information to be stored, he can update data by importing data into the dtabase.
4.4.1 Data Flow Diagrams
To illustrate the flow of information in the study, Data Flow Diagrams are used.
In the Context Diagram shown at Figure 5.2.1, Countrystat receives data from DA
Offices and other government agencies. Different Division of DA Offices are assigned to
submit updates of facts and figures to the webmaster of Countrystat. Government
agencies are also sent request for data whenever necessary. National Statistics Office

33

(NSO), National Food Authority (NFA), Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
are some of these few agencies. The End User, upon entering the website, can explore
and get information he needs. User can download the data in different format such as
Microsoft Excel, pdf or text file. On the other hand, the Energy Audit Database requires
the Cost and Returns of Rice Production to be able to achieve Value Analysis Results.

Value Analysis Results

CRS for Rice
Production

End User

Countrystat
Request
for Data

Request for
Data

Value
analysis
database

Other Costs
NFA, Rice
millers

Figure 4.4.1.1 Context Diagram of Countrystat and Value analysis Database

The Energy Audit Database consists mainly of three processes: (1) Log-In , (2)
Searching and Selection, and (3) Conversion and Computation. After these processes the
new information which is the value analysis results is displayed and stored into the
database. The data flow is shown below at Figure 5.2.2.

34

Year, Location

Costs, Prices

Log-in

Search

Account info

Value Analysis
Results

Computation
And
presentation

value Database

Value Analysis
Results

Figure 4.4.1.2 Diagram 1 of Value analysis Database

Figure 4.4.1.2 illustrates the information flow involved at the Log-in process. An
account which should have a User name and Password is required to enter the program.
Once given, the Log-In information such as the User name, Password and Log-in Time
and Date, would be stored in the Log-in Database for references of user. The user can
also proceed to use the application.
Upon entering the program, the Search function provides the user to look for
previous data or analysis at a specific Location and Year. The application will look into
previous records and if found, the Search Results will be displayed. If not, the user has
the option to make new Value Analysis. The diagram at Figure 4.4.1.3 shows the
information process flow.

35
CRS costs,prices
Location
2.1
Year
Look in
Database

Costs , prices

2.2
Display partial
results

Figure 4.4.1.3 Child Diagram of Search

As shown at Figure 4.4.1.4, the value analysis function of the program comprises
computation of value using formula price over cost. The costs from Countrystat, prices of
rice are stored together. Once the user need a value analysis of a certain Location and
Year, computation of value are done through the codes incripted at the program.
Afterwards, the results would be displayed and stored into the database program.

36

CRS for Rice

Production

Price

3.1

Value results

Computation
of value

Value Database
3.2

Value results

Value results

Display
results in table
and graph

Figure 4.4.1.4 Child Diagram of Conversion and Computation

4.5 Building the Application

4.5.1 System Requirements
In order to build the application, there are certain things to be considered.
a. Software application This refers to the programming language appropriate to use in
programming. In making the interfaces, Macromedia Dreamweaver 8.0 was used.
Localhost myphpadmin was used for the database and my sql add-in for the link in
importing data.
b. Use of Computer The use of computer is necessary to do the programming and the
actual use of application. The study is dependent on the use of computer. Although not

37

necessarily advanced, the computer specifications must also be up to date. The

application is compatible to Windows XP, or Windows 7.0 .
4.5.2

Maintenance of the System

The value analysis database is dependent on the information available on

Countrystat. Therefore, updating the data particularly the prices and costs should always
be maintained. An exclusive access for the database personnel was made to be able to
easily update the information at the database. He should also be knowledgeable in SQL
programming to be able to properly handle the system. He is in charge of importing new
files, editing and organizing data from time to time.
4.5.3

Interface and Functions

The value analysis database has user-friendly interfaces designed for end user.
The database personnel has also link to access and manage the database.

38

Figure 4.5.3.1 Log-In Interface

39

Figure 4.5.3.2 Create Account Interface

40

Figure 4.5.3.3 Value Analysis and Stakeholders Distribution of Cost Interface

41

Figure 4.5.3.4 Database Maintenance Interface

42

4.6 Computation and Analysis of Output

As discussed previously, there are three types of output presented in the program.
The summary of formulas used for the first output which is the computation of value is
presented at the table below.

Table 4.6.1 Formula used for computation of value

Stages of Rice
Wet

Dried

Milled

Given that: Cost of producing dried palay* = cost of buying wet palay + dried stage cost
Cost of Producing milled rice** = cost of buying dried palay + milled stage cost

The prices of wet, dried and milled rice are also sourced from countrystat. The
cost used in each stage is accumulated from the first stage. The cost of producing dried
palay is equivalent to cost of producing wet palay plus the additional cost involved in the
second stage. Same as the cost in producing milled rice is the sum of the costs of wet and
dried stage plus the milled stage costs.
The second output which involves the stakeholders share of cost by presenting
the percentage distribution. The computation is a simple percentage formula:
% share = (Stakeholders total cost / Total stakeholders cost) x 100

43

Table 4.6.2 Percentage Share of stakeholders

Stages of Rice
Wet

Landowners

Dried

Traders share

Milled

Millers share

share

Farmers share

Input supplier

4.6.1 Output of database progam

Value Analysis
At output 1 of the program, the value analysis in form of table and graph is
shown. The variables needed for the computation of value are shown in a table such as
total cost, cost per kilogram, price and value.The graph shows the value progression of
rice according to wet, dried and milled stage. There are different data on each year and
location, giving each equivalent unique of value. These values are to be compared to
show the performance of rice. Different location may give different set of values, as the
study wants to imply, pertaining to different allocation or use of technological
developments on rice production. Since the value is used as an indicator of effectiveness
of technological improvements made in a particular area, the difference on values
between two locations can imply whether allocation of these programs are equally
distributed throughout the country. As Agri-Pinoy Rice Program aims sefl-sufficiency in
every region, value must be equal to those with high value.

44

The majority of the cost are on the first stage of production. Compared to the
three different prices, the price of wet palay is usually the least. But since the formula is
not aggregate cost, value on wet stage connot be generally said to be the lowest. On the
second stage, dried palay has a little increase in price and addtional cost in drying and
transport. At milled stage, the milling cost is the only addition to the cost of buying dried
palay.
On each run of the program, comparison can be made per location or per year. In
this study, it is hypothesized that the value of rice differs on each location. Given on a
particular location but different year, the set of values on rice stages can be compared to
show whether there is improvement on a particular area as time progresses. The database
program is set to show the difference in value that indicates improvement or change in
status of rice production.Sample run are made in order to test the hypothesis on both
scenarios. First is whether the value on different locations in the country are equal and
secondly whether there is increase in value in a particular area implicating significant
development.
Stakeholders distribution of cost
After identifying the stakeholders involved in the process, their share of costs is
shown in a table. Land owner, farmer, input supplier, traders and millers are the
stakeholders considered in the study. With this perspective, the user can easily identify
not only the costs but the people involved in the process. It also shows the participation
of stakeholders based on their percentage distribution.Most of the burden of costs are
within the farmers end while others have minimal yet plays impontant role. The policy
makers can encorage projects benefiting stakeholders most importantly the farmers.

45

5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Transforming data into a new set of information more understandable for
stakeholders and policymakers in order to make other use of data. This will be beneficial
not only to farmers but to all of the workers involved in the rice industry and as well as
the consumers. The effectiveness of improvement of Agri Pinoy Rice Projects are
measured through value analysis. The database program using the data from the
CountryStat website are manipulated and transformed three output set of output namely
(1) value analysis and (2) stakeholders distribution of cost. Using this application, the
end user would be able to see the use of statistical indicators in different perspective.
These indicators help identify critical points in the process that are areas for
improvement. Comparison of set of values from different location and year also gives
different perspective

6.0 RECOMMENDATION
The database program provides effiecient way of using information that are
already available on government agencies. These are beneficial not only to researchers
but to stakeholders and policy makers such as Deaprtment of Agriculture by analyzing
their erformance in the production system. The fuctionality and interfaces of the program
is set for easy use but nonetheless functional.

46

7.0 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

There are several areas that can be furthered study having the same intention of
using available data into new set of data. Other crops may be considered as subject using
the same analysis made in the application. Other studies regarding data manipulation are
expected to arise in the future.
Although the application is built as a separate program, but this can be link to the
Countrystat website for further studies. This will be easier for others to view and will
help make further evaluation.

47

8.0 REFERENCES

Benaning, M. Searca study on per-capita consumption of rice crucial in food-sufficiency

drive. March 5,2014. Retrieved from
http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/business/agri-commodities/12215searca-study-on-per-capita-consumption-of-rice-crucial-in-food-sufficiency-drive.

Efferson, John Norman. (1952). The Production and Marketing of Rice. New Orleans,
Louisiana: Simmons Press

Grist, D.H., (1959). Rice (3rd ed). Great Britain: Western Printing Services Ltd Bristol

Juliano, B. (1993). Rice in Human Nutrition., Biochemistry Unit Plant Breeding,

Genetics and Biochem Division. International Rice Research Institute.

Project Development Procedures Manual. Chapter19 Value analysis. Draft. Division of

Design, Office of special Projects, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento,
Sep. 2002. 32pp.

Rich,N. , Holweg, M, Value engineering value analysis. 2000 Lean Enterprise Research
Centre Cardi f f , U n i ted Kingdom

The Philipines Recommends For Rice Postproduction Operations. Phils Recommends

48

Series No 63-A, PCCARD, BPRE, PARRF. Los Baos Laguna. 2001, 189 p.

Tidd,J. and Bessant, J.(2005) Managing Innovation.

Web tool helps raise rice yield and income. Nov 27 2013. Retrieved from www.irri.org.

49

9.0 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Specific interventions provided by the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program are as follows:
A. Production support

Production of Breeder Seeds of Inbred and Nucleus/Breeder Seeds of Hybrid

Parentals
Basic Breeder Seed Production
Seed Production of varieties for climate change adaptation/mitigation; Including
varieties that are submergence-tolerant, drought-tolerant/early maturing, salinetolerant, and cool-elevated
Upland Rice Production Development
Establishment of Community Seed Banks; including rehabilitation and
establishment, distribution of simple seed processing equipment; and locally
adopted starter seeds
Support to RIARC Development and Activation, including production and
distribution of registered seeds, and purification and multiplication of traditional
and locally adopted varieties
Disaster Response like buffer seed stocking and provision of insurance coverage
Establishment of pest outbreak control measures like bactericides, insecticides,
fungicides, rodenticides, and light traps
Cloud seeding operations on vulnerable regions
Distribution of fertilizers for rationing
Establishment of agro-meteorological (agro-met) stations per major rice district
Establishment and maintenance of Multi-Purpose Bio-Organic Fertilizer Plants
Conduct of pest and diseases surveillance/SEWS in clustered areas to determine
and prevent pest occurrence; and strengthening of pest surveillance teams
Establishment of community-based bio-control agent laboratories, including
upgrading of technical capabilities of bio-control laboratories
Promotion of nutrient management tools as aid in formulation of SSNM options
and varieties
Support to soil laboratories and establishment of mobile soil clinics
Distribution of farm and fishery production-related machinery and equipment
such as: Rice Drum Seeders, Rice Transplanters, Mini four-wheel drive tractors,
Rice Hull Carbonizers, and Hand Tractors

B. Irrigation Development Services

Support to activities of the National Irrigation Administration, an attached agency

of the Department of Agriculture, in restoration, rehabilitation, and generation
activities of irrigation systems and their service areas.

50

Provision of Small Scale Irrigation Projects in rice cluster areas to ensure that
major waterways are functional to achieve high irrigation efficiency
Operating, monitoring, and evaluation of irrigable areas or service areas expanded
through restoration, rehabilitation, and construction of Small Water Impounding
Projects, Diversion Dams, and Small Farm Reservoirs

C. Other Infrastructure and Postharvest Development Services

Distribution of postharvest equipment and machinery, such as net/laminated

sacks, construction and rehabilitation of flatbed dryers, mechanical dryers, bag
closers/baggers, threshers, combine harvesters, rice cutter/harvesters, shredders,
moisture meters
Construction and rehabilitation of palay sheds and warehouses, and multi-purpose
drying pavements,
Construction and operationalization of Rice Processing Complexes, and villagetype grain postharvest processing centers,
Provision, rehabilitation and retrofitting of biomass furnace to existing recirculating dryers
Validation of farm-to-market roads (FMRs)

D. Market Development Services

Market Promotion and Development, consisting of the establishment of Seed

Trading Centers and e-Trading centers, and holding of agri-business investment
clinics, market matching, and trade fairs
Generation, periodic updating and dissemination of regional rice statistics and
market information such as inflow and outflow, demand and supply, palay and
milled rice prices, basic rice statistics (effective rice area, area planted &
harvested, production, yield per hectare, sufficiency), input suppliers, millers, etc.,
supply chain and cost structure analysis, price monitoring, and updating of cost
structure, stakeholders directory, market profiles, and rice value-added products
Establishing linkages with public and private financial institutions, NGOs, and
agri-business entities

E. Extension Support, Education and Training Services

Conduct of trainings and training-related events for farmers such as technology

transfers, schools-on-the air, Farmers' Field Day, sustainable agriculture practices,
Palay Check, Palayamanan, and other social mobilization activities
Conduct of technology demonstrations (Techno-Demo) such as varietal TD,
compact hybrid/cluster, community-based MRC, LSTD, abiotic stress
environments, etc.

51

Promotion and showcase of environment-friendly technologies adaptable to

organic production
Technology commercialization for ratooned rice, upland, submergence, and saline
rice varieties
Technology updating and re-tooling of agricultural extension workers (AEWs)
and farmer technicians by conducting specialized trainings
Provision of logistical support to LGU Extension Workers and para-technicians,
Organization and strengthening of Irrigators Associations (IAs) and farmers'
organizations by forming and mobilizing clusters and conducting technical
briefings
Engages in intensive information dissemination campaigns by distributing IEC
materials such as newsletters, posters, brochures, handouts, flipcharts, billboards
and streamers; print, radio and television campaigns; information caravans;
schools-on-the-air, and other related activities.

F. Research and Development Services

Adopts research and development activities on new rice technologies, such as

researcher and farmer-managed adaptability trials for new hybrids and inbred
certified seeds; screening, selection and commercialization of special rice
varieties like organic and biotic-stress resistant; assessment and validation of soil
fertility of rice clusters for organic rice production;
Promotion and adoption of technology on controlled irrigation, irrigated and rainfed rice systems
Collection of germplasm for indigenous vegetables, rootcrops, and native staples
in
support
to
Integrated
Farming
Systems
" Conduct of climate change mitigation and verification studies
Research and provision of assistance on the commercialization of organic
fertilizers
Upgrading of research facilities
Support to the research and development programs of the Philippine Rice
Research Institute (PhilRice)
Specific policy-oriented activities of the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program include:

Policy review and technical updates;

Generation of nationwide rice statistics from national surveys and other statistical
activities; planning and monitoring of program activities and interventions;
Conduct of quarterly program reviews from provincial and regional data;
Holding of coordination meetings with stakeholders;
Conduct of regular operational and program monitoring and evaluation activities
to determine program implementation and delivery of services;
Support to the establishment of a National Rice Council;

52

And support to regional rice action teams.

APPENDIX B
I
1.

Project Cycle Activities for Survey Operations

Pre-planning
Preparation of Project Proposal
a. Review and evaluation of previous survey activity
b. Drafting of a new plan
2. Approval of the proposal
II
Planning and Organization
1. Creation of Implementation Team including a teambuiding activity
2. Preparation of Survey Deasign and Instruments
3. Pre-survey consultations
Consultation/Training:
RASOs/PASOs (during NM CM)
4. Preparation of Dummy Tables and Specifications
5. Pre-Test of Survey Forms and Manuals
6. Finalization of Survey Forms and Manuals
7. Development of Computer Processing Programs for the following:
a. Data Entry
b. Data Processing
c. Error-listing/Validation
d. Microdata file
8. Testing of Computer Processing Programs at the Central Office
9. Finalization of Computer Processing Programs
III
Field Trainings and Workshop
1. Conduct of trainings (Final ManOps. Editing Guidelines. Computer
Proceeding)
a. 1st level training: C. O. Trainers Training
b. . 2nd level Training: POC staff and CDCs
IV
Field Survey Operations
1. Field data collection to include spot-checking and back-checking activities
2. Editing/Coding of Survey
3. Computer Processing
4. Submission to C.O.
a. Sort copy of data files
b. Edited Questionnaires
V
Generalization of output tables
1.
Counter-editing, cleaning and updating of encoded data files
2.
Test-run
3.
Table generation
VI
Data review and Analysis
1. Data tables
2. Household level review
VII
Report writing

53

VIII
IX
X

Presentation of report
Finalization, reproduction and submission of reports
Preparation of Technical Documentation Report

APPENDIX C List of BAS Divisions

a. Agricultural Accounts and Statistical Indicators Division (AASID)
AASID is incharge of the development and maintenance of statistical
frameworks that will enhance the preparation of an integrated system of
agricultural and fisheries statistics and the generation of socio-economic statistics
in the agriculture and fisheries sector.
b. Crops Statistics Division (CSD)
CSD is responsible for the organization, review and analysis of crop production
and production-related data as well as the timely release of crop statistics.
c. Livestock and Poultry Statistics Division (LPSD)
LPSD is responsible for the organization, review and analysis of livestock and
poultry production data as well as the timely release of livestock and poultry
statistics.
d. Fisheries Statistics Division (FSD)
FSD is responsible for the organization, review and analysis of fisheries
production data as well as the timely release of fisheries statistics.
e. Agricultural Marketing Statistics Analysis Division (AMSAD)
AMSAD is responsible for the organization, review and analysis of agricultural
marketing and market-related data, as well as the timely release of agricultural
marketing statistics.
f. Statistical Methods and Research Division (SMRD)
SMRD is responsible for research and development and implementation of
statistical methods to support the needs of the technical divisions by developing
and improving survey designs and instruments, maintaining up-to-date sampling
frames, planning and programming all survey operations, and developing and
maintaining statistical standards and classification systems.
g. Statistical Operations Coordination Division (SOCD)
SOCD is responsible for the promotion of an effective and efficient
operationalization and administration of the different statistical activities.
h. Information and Communications Technology Division (ICTD)
ICTD is responsible for the planning, implementation and maintenance of IT
services to all organic units of BAS and for the packaging, publication and release
of statistical reports and other related information on the agriculture and fisheries
sectors. It will also assume the tasks of providing data for the DA's National
Information Network, once it becomes operational.
APPENDIX D Structured English
Process 1.0

Log-In

54

DO
Ask for User Information
(User Name, Password)
Check for existing account
If User has Account
Enter the Program
Else Create New account
END
Process 2.0 Searching and Selection
DO
Ask for Search Information
( Location, Year )
Locate existing analysis
If Located
Display Value Analyis Results
Else Display File not Found.
END
Process 3.0 Computation
DO
Compute for Value
Value = Price / Cost
(Value Analysis Results, Price, Cost)
Display Total Cost, Cost per Kilo, Price, Value
Display Graph
Compute for Stakeholders cost
Share % = (Stakeholders share / Total stakeholders share) x 100
Display Table of stakeholders cost
END
Process 4.0 Creating New account
DO
Ask for necessary Information
(Name, Password, email , age, Occupation, purpose)
Save information
END

APPENDIX E. Codes