PART A

Equations
(1)
IO3- (aq) + 3HSO3-(aq) I-(aq) + 3SO4-2(aq) + 3H+(aq)
(2)
I-(aq) + 6H+(aq) + IO3-(aq) I2(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 2H2O(l)
(3)
I2(aq) + HSO3-(aq) + H2O(l) 2I-(aq) + SO4-2(aq) + 3H+(aq)
Therefore, the final equation is: 2IO3-(aq) + 4HSO3-(aq) 2I-(aq) + 4SO4-2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
However, the order of HSO3 is assumed to be zero since after it reacts, only I2
remains. Therefore, the rate of the equation is:
Rate = k [IO3-]x
Qualitative Data
Iodate solution +
starch

Before
- iodate solution is
clear
- starch solution is
slightly grey
- no odors present

Quantitative Data
Sample Calculations and Data Processing
Concentration of IO3- vs Time
Concentration of IO3- ( 0.0000099
mol/L)
0.010000
0.008000
0.006000
0.004000
0.002000

During
- no immediate
colour
change when the
reaction begins
- small spots of
blue
begin to appear
before
the reaction
occurs
- beaker instantly
turns
blue

After
- dark blue solution
is
produced
- no remains of the
grey
from the starch
solution

Time ( 0.01s)
38.34
65.21
95.34
140.11
181.22

Sample Calculation for Finding the Final Concentration of IO 3-(aq) after Dilution:
c1v1 = c2v2
(0.0200mol)(0.00500L) = c2(0.010L)

c2 =

0.0001mol
0.010 L

= 0.01mol/L
Propagation of Uncertainties

0.0001

uncertainty = ( 0.0200

0.005

x 100%) + ( 0.160

0.010

x 100%) + ( 0.160 x 100%)

= (0.005% + 0.03125% + 0.0625%)

= 0.09875% of 0.01
= 0.000009875
Therefore, c2 = 0.0100000 0.0000099 mol/L
Determining the Rate of Reaction using the [IO 3-] and
Concentration of IO3- (
Average Time (
0.0000099 mol/L)
0.01s)
0.010000
38.34
0.008000
65.21
0.006000
95.34
0.004000
140.11
0.002000
181.22

Average Time
Rate of Reaction (
0.000043292 mol/Ls)
0.000260824
0.000122680
0.000062932
0.000028548
0.000011036

Sample Calculation for Determining the Rate of Reaction:

rate of reaction =

IO 3

0.010000mol / L
38.34 s

= 0.000260824 mol/Ls
Propagation of Uncertainties:
uncertainty = (

0.0000140
0.010000

x 100%) + (

0.0100
38.34

x 100%)

= (0.0014 x 100%) + (0.0002608 x 100%)

= 0.14% + 0.02608%
= 0.166% of 0.0002608
= 0.000043292 mol/Ls
log of [IO3-]
log of Concentration of IO3- (
0.0000099mol/L)
-2.000000000
-2.096910013

log of Rate of Reaction ( 0.0767%)

-3.583625808 0.002748179
-3.911226233 0.0029999406

-2.22184875
-2.397940009
-2.698970004

-4.201128466 0.003221724
-4.544424312 0.003484987
-4.957188308 0.003801524

Propagation of Uncertainties:
uncertainty = (

0.00000020
0.0002608

x 100%)

= 0.000766871 x 100%
= 0.076687116%

Determining the Order of the Reaction using graphed data

log of [IO3-] vs log of Rate of Reaction

-3
-2.75-2.65-2.55-2.45-2.35-2.25-2.15-2.05-1.95-1.85-1.75

f(x) = 1.91x + 0.13

log of Rate of Reaction

-4

-5
log of Concentration of IO3-

Rate = k [IO3-]x where x = 2 : Therefore, Rate = k [IO 3-]2

theoretical valueexperimental value

% error =|
|x 100%
theoretical value
=|

2.00001.9212
|x 100%
1.9212

0.0788
1.9212

x 100%

= 0.04102 x 100%
= 4.1%
In order to determine the order of the reactant iodate (IO 3-), the log of iodate
concentration was graphed against the log of the rate of reaction. The slope
(y=mx+b) of the graph was calculated so that the order of the reactant could be
found. The slope (value of m) is 1.9121. Since ordered reactions are whole numbers,
the value 1.9121 rounds up to 2, indicating that the iodate is a second order rate of
reaction. The percentage error of this experiment is 4.1% suggesting that sources
of error occurred while conducting the trials.

Determining the Rate Constant

Time vs 1/[IO3-]
600
500
400
1/[IO3-]

f(x) = 2.64x - 46.28

R = 0.87

300
200
100
0
20

40

60

80

100

120

Time (s)

140

160

180

200

In order to determine the rate constant of the reaction, the slope of the line on the
graph is calculated. The value of k in this experiment is 2.6394 but can vary from
one set of trials to another.
Therefore, the rate law of the reaction is: Rate law = 2.6394[IO3-]2[HSO3-]0

PART B
Data Collection
Temperature (C)
Range: 0.0 5.0
Trial #1: 3.0
Trial #2: 4.0
Trial #3: 5.0
Range: 10.0
15.0
13.0
12.0
12.0
Range: 15.0
20.0
18.0
17.0
16.5
Range: 20.0

Average Temperature
( 1.5K)

3.0+ 4.0+5.0
3
12.333333
301.33333

17.16667

Time Collected
(0.01s)
Trial #1: 87.65
Trial #2: 83.05
Trial #3: 81.32
54.14
56.43
52.37

Average Time
(0.03s)

87.65+ 83.05+81.32
3
54.313333333

50.263333333

290.16667

49.50
50.31
50.98

20.83333

46.51

45.813333333

25.0
20.5
21.0
21.0
Range:
30.0
27.0
25.0
29.0
Range:
35.0
34.0
31.0
Range:
40.0
38.0
39.0
39.0
Range:
45.0
43.0
45.0
45.0
Range:
50.0
45.0

293.83333

25.0

27.0
300.0

30.0

32.5

45.35
45.58

36.81
40.28
38.10

38.396666667

30.68
33.08

31.88

29.61
28.67
27.94

28.74

25.42
25.72
23.54

24.893333333

21.20

21.20

305.5
35.0

38.66667
311.66667

40.0

44.33333
317.33333

45.0

45.0
318.0

Sample Calculation to Determine the Average Time

87.65+ 83.05+81.32
= 84.0s
3
Propagation of Error (time)

87.65 ( 0.01 ) +83.05 ( 0.01 )+ 81.32( 0.01)

3

= 84.0s 0.03s

Sample Calculation to Determine the Average Temperature

3.0+ 4.0+5.0
3

= 4.0C 277K

Propagation of Error (temperature)

3 .0 ( 0.5 ) +4.0 ( 0.5 ) +5.0( 0.5)

3
Data Processing
Average
1/Temperature
Temperature
(K)
277.0
301.33333
290.16667
293.83333
300.0
305.5
311.66667
317.33333
318.0

0.003610108
0.003318584
0.003446295
0.003403289
0.003333333
0.003273322
0.003208556
0.003151260
0.003144654

= 4.0C 1.5C 277K 1.5K

Rate of
Reaction
([IO3-]=0.0200
M)
0.000238095
0.000368233
0.000397904
0.000436554
0.000520878
0.000627352
0.000695894
0.000803427
0.000943396

Rate Constant
(k)

ln(k)

0.595238095
0.920584264
0.994760925
1.091385332
1.302196371
1.56838143
1.73973556
2.008569899
2.358490566

-0.518793793
-0.08274674
-0.005252847
0.087447836
0.264052355
0.450044151
0.553733124
0.697422975
0.858021823

ln(k)
1
0.8
f(x) = - 2725.98x + 9.31

0.6
0.4
ln(k)

ln(k)

0.2

Linear (ln(k))

0
-0.2

-0.4
-0.6
1/Temperature

Determining the Arrhenius Constant and Activation Energy

The activation energy of the reaction can be determined using the slope of the line
on the graph. The equation y=mx+b is like the equation ln(k)=

Ea
1
(
R
T )+

ln(A). Since m in y=mx+b indicates the slope of the line, in ln(k)=

ln(A),

m=

Ea
R

Ea
1
(
R
T )+

is the slope.

Ea
R

Ea = -(m)(R)
= -(-2726K)(8.314 J/Kmol)
= 22,663.964 J/mol 22.7 kJ/mol
The activation energy is
The Arrhenius constant, A, is used to measure the effect of a change in temperature
on the rate constant. The point at which the line of best fit intersects with the y-axis
is the value of ln(A).
ln(A) = 8.9964
A = e8.9964
= 8073.96527
The Arrhenius constant value is