Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OasismontajTutorialnew PDF
OasismontajTutorialnew PDF
0
Mapping and Processing System
The core software platform for working
with large volume spatial data
www.geosoft.com
The software described in this manual is furnished under license and may
only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license.
Manual release date: 1/16/2008.
Written by, Nancy Whitehead. Please send comments or questions to
info@geosoft.com
Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in
any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, reading, or
otherwise, without prior consent from Geosoft Inc.
Program Copyright Geosoft Inc. 2008. All rights reserved.
Geosoft and Oasis montaj are registered trademarks of Geosoft Inc.
GEOSOFT, Oasis are trademarks of Geosoft Inc.
Windows, and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Geosoft Incorporated
8th Floor
85 Richmond St. W.
Toronto, Ontario
M5H 2C9
Canada
Tel: (416) 369-0111
Fax: (416) 369-9599
Web Site: www.geosoft.com
E-mail: info@geosoft.com
Contents
Geosoft License Agreement
Geosoft Concepts
Metadata
10
10
Metadata Tool
12
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
24
Oasis montaj
27
27
Getting Started
28
28
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
Transfer eLicense
32
32
33
33
33
33
Advanced Settings
36
39
39
40
40
40
41
Creating a Project
41
43
44
45
46
47
Database Menus
47
47
Database Lines/Groups
49
51
52
53
55
55
57
58
58
60
Database Toolbar
61
62
62
65
67
67
Interpolating Data
69
71
72
Profile Options
72
Master Sample
73
74
75
75
76
76
77
78
79
83
85
Map Menus
86
86
87
88
89
90
90
93
98
Plotting Profiles
98
100
103
Configurable Hotkeys
105
Gridding Data
106
106
Bi-Directional
106
Minimum curvature
107
Kriging
108
Tinning
110
110
110
Displaying a Grid
Recolour Grids
114
114
115
117
117
Plotting Contours
117
Snapshots
119
120
120
120
123
123
Create a Project
123
124
124
125
3D Views
125
Groups
125
125
Rendering Options
Other Tool Options
126
127
128
128
Method 1
Method 2
128
129
130
Hiding a Group.
130
Moving a Group
130
Masking a Group
131
133
Drawing Polylines
133
136
137
142
142
142
142
144
145
145
146
146
147
Using the Clipboard to export a graphics from a Map to another application 148
148
149
149
149
151
154
154
157
161
167
167
170
171
182
183
184
185
186
188
191
193
197
197
197
198
198
Define X, Y channels
199
200
200
B e f o r e yo u b e g i n
200
206
210
214
215
218
220
220
223
Converting Elevations
223
225
227
227
228
228
228
230
230
Printing Maps
232
232
234
Print Preview
235
Print a Map
235
Printing in Batch
236
239
240
243
246
248
249
252
252
253
255
Display Tab
256
Plane Tab
257
Voxel Tab
258
Surfaces Tab
258
258
260
260
260
263
265
266
266
Metadata Browser
266
269
270
Creating a project
270
271
Opening a Database
271
272
274
Finding Trends
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
283
Spheroids
283
Datums
283
What does this mean?
283
284
284
Method 1
285
Method 2
286
286
287
287
289
289
289
290
290
290
293
294
294
294
Glossary
300
Index
302
DEFINITIONS:
In this Agreement:
"Licensed Program(s)" means the actual copy of all or any portion of Geosofts proprietary software technology, computer
software code, components, dynamic link libraries (DLLs) licensed through the Geosoft license server, including any
modifications, improvements or updates provided by GEOSOFT.
Effective Date is the date the Geosoft license is installed. This date is recorded by the Geosoft License server when the
Licensed Program(s) is installed.
"Services" means the Services described on Section 4.
"Termination" means the occurrences contemplated by Section 6 and 7.
2.
LICENSE:
GEOSOFT grants to me a non-transferable and non-exclusive license to use the Licensed Program(s) for my own purposes
whereby the Licensed Program(s) are being used only by myself, on one computer, at any one time.
Title and all intellectual property rights in and to the License Program(s), including, without limitation, copyright, trade secrets
and trade marks, shall remain with GEOSOFT. I agree to refrain from raising any objection or challenge to such intellectual
property rights, or from assisting or causing or permitting other(s) to do so, during the term of the Agreement and thereafter
I may not assign this Agreement or any part thereof or sub-license the rights granted herein, or lend, rent, time-share, sell or
lease the software without the prior written consent of GEOSOFT.
I may not attempt to reverse engineer, de-compile or disassemble the software.
I may not make any attempt to circumvent the License Manager that controls the access to the software use.
3.
TERM:
The Term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until termination, as described in Section
6.
4.
SERVICES:
(i) According to the terms of my initial purchase, GEOSOFT shall make available to me, without additional fees such
corrections and improvements to the Licensed Program(s) as may be generally incorporated into the Licensed Program(s) by
GEOSOFT. (Normally this will be for a period of twelve (12) months).
(ii) GEOSOFT has a strong commitment to customer service and product support. GEOSOFT offers me, subject to applicable
Service Charge(s), continuing support in the form of email or telephone advice and other assistance in problem diagnosis and
the correction of errors or faults in the Licensed Program(s) during the life of this License. When a problem occurs which
appears to be related to errors or faults in the Licensed Program(s), I may contact GEOSOFT and GEOSOFT will make an
honest effort to solve the problem. However, GEOSOFT cannot guarantee service results or represent or warrant that all errors
or program defects will be corrected. Also it is to be noted that each Licensed Program is designed to operate on a Windows
NT (sp 6 or later), Windows 2000 or Windows XP platform.
(iii) Further, if I request service relating to the modification of the Licensed Program(s) to meet a particular need or to conform
with a particular operating environment, GEOSOFT may, at its discretion, modify the Licensed Program(s) to meet these
particular needs, subject to applicable Services Charge(s). However, all intellectual property or other rights which may arise
from such modifications shall reside with GEOSOFT.
5.
I agree that all additions, modifications, revisions, updates and extensions to the Licensed Program(s) shall be subject to all of
the terms and conditions in this agreement.
I acknowledge that all copies of the Licensed Program(s), provided by GEOSOFT or made by me pursuant to this Agreement,
including, without limitation, translations, compilations, partial copies, modifications, derivative materials and/or updated
materials, are proprietary, and the property of GEOSOFT, and may not be distributed to any other persons, without
GEOSOFTs prior written consent.
I will not provide or otherwise make the Licensed Program(s) available to anyone in any form without GEOSOFT's prior written
consent.
6.
TERMINATION:
This agreement shall terminate upon the termination date, if any, specified in your purchase agreement with Geosoft.
2
This agreement may be terminated only upon thirty-days prior written notice to GEOSOFT.
GEOSOFT may terminate this Agreement upon prior written notice effective immediately if I fail to comply with any of the terms
and conditions of this Agreement.
This Agreement shall terminate automatically upon the institution, or consenting to the institution of proceedings in insolvency
or bankruptcy, or upon a trustee in bankruptcy or receiver being appointed for me/us for all or a substantial portion of my/our
assets.
7.
I shall forthwith discontinue use of the Licensed Program(s), on the day Termination shall occur and agree not to resume such
use in the future without written authorization from GEOSOFT.
I shall uninstall and remove all software from my computer. Within thirty days after Termination, I shall destroy all physical and
digital copies of the Licensed Program(s). This obligation relates, without limitation, to all copies in any form, including
translations, compilations, derivatives and updated materials, whether partial or complete, and whether or not modified or
merged into other materials as authorized herein.
8.
WARRANTY:
GEOSOFT does not warrant that the functions contained in the Licensed Program will meet my requirements or will operate in
the combinations which may be selected for use by me, or that the operation of the Licensed Program will be uninterrupted or
error free or that all program defects will be corrected.
Each Licensed Program shall be furnished to me in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. No warranties, either
express or implied, are made to me regarding the Licensed Program.
THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
9.
LIMITATION OF REMEDIES
I agree to accept responsibility for the use of the programs to achieve my intended results, and for the results obtained from
use of said Program(s). I therefore accept complete responsibility for any decision made based on my use of the
aforementioned Licensed Program(s).
In no event shall GEOSOFT be liable for any damages arising from performance or non-performance of the Licensed
Program(s), or for any lost profits, lost savings or other consequential damages, even if GEOSOFT has been advised of the
possibility of such damages, or for any claim against me by any other party.
10. GENERAL:
I agree that this Agreement is a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement with GEOSOFT.
This Agreement supersedes all previous Agreements with respect to the Licensed Programs, with the exception of a current
signed Technical Service Agreements.
GEOSOFT is not responsible for failure to fulfill its obligations under the Agreement due to causes beyond its control.
Should any part of This Agreement for any reason be declared invalid, such declaration shall not affect the remaining portion
which shall remain in full force and effect as if this Agreement had been executed without the invalid portion thereof.
The relationship between the parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed
to constitute or create a partnership, association, joint venture or agency.
The provision of this Agreement shall be binding upon me and GEOSOFT and my respective successors and permitted
assigns.
This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario and applicable laws of Canada.
11. YEAR 2000:
The Licensed Programs have been tested to conform to DISC PD2000 1:1998 Year 2000 Conformity Requirements
(www.bsi.org.uk/disc/year2000/2000.html), with the exception of clause 3.3.2, paragraph b. Section 3.3.2 paragraph b) requires
that inferences for two-digit year dates greater than or equal to 50 imply 19xx, and those with a value equal to or less than 50
imply 20xx. The Licensed Programs will recognize all two digit years as 19xx. This is to prevent errors importing historical data
that pre-dates 1950. All dates that follow 1999 must use four digit dates in the Licensed Programs.
Geosoft Inc.,
85 Richmond St. W., 8th Floor
Toronto, Ont.,
Canada
M5H 2C9
Email: tech@geosoft.com
South America
Email: tech.sa@geosoft.com
Email: tech.au@geosoft.com
4 Geosoft Concepts
Geosoft Concepts
This chapter contains information about the components included in Oasis montaj
and describes the concepts you will need to know to use the system. A quick
overview of the concepts described in this chapter are available in the Oasis montaj
Viewer help system in the About directory called Tour for New Users.
Oasis montaj is Geosofts core software platform for working with large volume
spatial data. The core software platform consists of a free Viewer and a licensed
Mapping and Processing System.
Oasis montaj Viewer
The Oasis montaj Viewer is a free software product that enables you to view Geosoft
databases, Geosoft Grids and a variety of common image and data exchange formats.
Specifically, this version provides you with the following capabilities:
Access Geosoft project data (databases, profiles, grids, voxels, maps), ArcGIS
MXD files, maps, tools (3D Tool and Project Explorer) and Geosoft tool bars
(Database Tools, Map Layout, Map Tools, and Standard)
Evaluate data, information and interpretations by viewing and performing
specific tasks using Geosoft databases, profiles, maps, and grids as well as
Geosoft and third-party images (including Geosoft PLT, AutoCAD DXF,
MapInfo TAB, ArcView SHP, ArcGIS LYR, and Microstation DGN files)
Verify data quality, analyses and interpretations by tracking processes applied to
databases and maps
Perform selected processes made available through Geosoft menus or third-party
GXs
Share results and knowledge by viewing and/or sending E-maps and 3D PDF
files (see the Export To PDF 3D for more details) to team members and other
professional contacts
Prepare reports by exporting to 3D PDF or using clipboard image copying
capabilities
For more information on the free Viewer visit www.geosoft.com
Oasis montaj Mapping and Processing System
The Oasis montaj Mapping and Processing System contains a cross-section of builtin data import, processing, analysis, visualization, mapping, and integration
capabilities. This system enables you to perform complex processing, editing,
mapping, and interpretation tasks including the ability to:
Access project editing tools (Undo/Redo Tool, Map Group Editing Bar, Map
Template Tools Bar, Polygon Edit Bar and Script Bar) and project auxiliary tools
(Histograms, Scatter plots, Probability plots and Triplots)
Geosoft Concepts 5
Create, import, and export: databases, profiles, maps, grids, voxels, images, and
ArcGIS MXD files
Process data using Geosofts gridding, contouring and 1D filter algorithms
Advanced grid utilities and gridding toolkit
Design and layout maps, consisting of base maps, grids, images, customized
annotations, labels, colour symbols, multi-parameter symbol plotting, and other
entities
Advanced CAD tools to draw interpretation features on your maps
Drag-n-Drop Geosoft grids, maps and databases and XYZ files for quick viewing
Automate tasks using scripts
The Oasis montaj environment provides direct access to data contained in Oasis
databases through a spreadsheet window and an integrated profile display window.
The Oasis database is a high-performance database that provides efficient storage and
access for very large spatial data sets.
The Mapping and Processing System enables you to edit maps and ArcGIS MXD
files interactively, applying dynamic linking to maps and track the map creation
processes. Visual data links are provided to dynamically connect data in the
spreadsheet, profile, grid, map and ArcGIS MXD views.
Data processing is achieved through the application of Geosoft eXecutable functions
(GXs), which can be used to control all aspects of the data processing sequence and
environment. DAT Technology (for Accessing Grids and Images) enables the
platform to use a variety of grid and image formats in Oasis montaj.
The Oasis montaj core platform provides the basic resources for all Geosoft
Applications and Tools. Geosoft provides a variety of systems that address specific
applications in exploration geophysics, drillhole geology, exploration geochemistry
and other areas. These systems consist of menus and corresponding Geosoft
eXecutables (GXs) that run on the core platform.
6 Geosoft Concepts
By design, Geosofts Oasis montaj software platform meets specific needs including:
Project Explorer Tool enables users to browse as well as open any project item
and provides project items in convenient dropdown lists
Metadata Tool provides a context-oriented, interactive way to view and edit
attributes assigned to Geosoft data
View/Group Manager Tool enables users to manage and edit map View
and/or Groups
Drag-n-Drop display technology enables users to drag-n-drop Geosoft grids
(*.GRD), maps (*.MAP), databases (*.GDB) and XYZ files (*.XYZ) for quick
viewing of data
3D Mapping enables users to view their data in 3-dimensions, providing a realworld view of their data
Snapshot (bookmark) of currently viewed map extents enables users to quickly
and easily capture and return to a favourite location on their map
3D verticle exageration is also now available
True transparency has been added and is automatically enabled, with video
cards that support it.
Electronic licensing model enables Licenses to be handled by the Geosoft license
server enabling licenses to be moved between machines online, or via email or
disk (where necessary).
Geosofts DAP (Data Access Protocol) technology enables users to access very
large spatial datasets residing on an Internet Server (or locally on a Personal
Computer).
Connecting you to your data and information via dynamic linking a unique
technology for graphically connecting data, profiles and maps in a single desktop
environment
Addressing high-volume processing requirements while delivering focused
solutions to specific Earth Science problems
Free Oasis montaj Viewer for Data and Information Sharing
Geosoft Concepts 7
The remainder of this section provides some brief details about projects, databases,
maps, views, dynamic links and process makers.
8 Geosoft Concepts
Geosoft Concepts 9
Explorer tools including; Tools, Toolbars and Auxiliary Tools (licensed version
only)
Tools; 3D Tool, Metadata Tool, Project Explorer and Undo/Redo Map Edit
Tool
Toolbars; Database Tools bar, Map Edit Bar, Map Tools Bar, Polygon Edit
Bar, Script Bar and Standard Bar
File locations displayed in popup dialog when you mouse over item in the
Project Explorer
Data Description Tool enable users to add description to project items
Enhanced metadata capabilities enable access to the "View Metadata" of all data
items displayed in the Project Explorer
Recent Projects & recent Geosoft data files available under File menu
Note:
Grids appear in the Project Explorer under "Grids". Opening a grid opens a
view of the grid in its own internal "map". A grid map view is just like a real
map and can accept any graphics that a map can. It can also be saved as a
map, in which case the map will appear in the "Map" section of the project
explorer.
Whenever you create a grid in Oasis montaj it will be placed in the "Grids"
section of the Project Explorer. Some applications will also open the grid for
you to see it in the data viewing area. You can also open a grid for viewing
by double-clicking on the grid name, by dragging and dropping it into the data
viewing, or by dropping it onto an open map, in which case it will be placed
into the default data view.
When a grid is opened in its own window, you will see it either in a default
"equal-area" colouring scheme, or in the last colour scheme that was used to
look at the grid. The grid is actually displayed using a "map" window that
functions just like a real map window. This means that the shadow cursors
will trace locations from other windows and all the normal map drawing and
viewing tools will work just as they do in other map windows. However, this
view is only meant for temporary viewing of the grid and for "scratch-pad"
type rendering of graphics. If you do add any additional graphics to the grid
window you will be asked if you want to save the changes to a new map when
you close the window. If you choose not to save changes, all graphics that
you have added to the grid view will be lost.
10 Geosoft Concepts
We recommend that each project you work on have its own project (*.gpf) file. If you
use a number of applications or add-on tools in Oasis montaj that have different
menus, you can use the project to display only the menus you require.
Metadata
Metadata (data about data) is captured by Oasis montaj from the first time the data is
touched. The metadata information, which is based on ISO 19115 standards, is stored
inside the data (if supported) or as a companion XML file. When you import or work
with data in Oasis montaj, User name, Date, Time and any actions performed on the
data will be maintained in the Metadata. When data is derived from other data, the
Metadata is passed on and the lineage of what was done to the data is maintained in
the Lineage section.
Viewing and Editing Metadata
Attributes (or metadata), information about data, can be simple or complex and the
descriptive needs of different kinds of data are infinitely diverse. To allow for this
and provide flexibility, Geosoft developed the XML Metadata Viewer and Metadata
Editor to help you organize your metadata.
Even though each Geosoft data type (Database, Grid, Map, ArcGIS MXD, Voxel, etc)
exhibits many different attributes, using these tools are easy. The current selection
drives what exists inside the tool.
T O V IEW / E DIT
YOUR
M ETADATA:
1. From the Project Explorer window, you can select the data of interest, right-click
and from the popup menu, select Metadata. The Metadata Viewer will be
displayed.
or
2. From the Database (or Map, ArcGIS MXD, Grid and Image, 3D Tools) menu(s),
select Metadata. The Database Metadata dialog (or the appropriate data type
dialog i.e. Map Metadata, MXD Metadata, etc) will be displayed.
3. Using the Browse button, locate the Database file and click the [OK] button (or
Map file, ArcGIS MXD file, etc). The Metadata tfmag dialog is displayed.
Geosoft Concepts 11
4. Use this dialog to View the Metadata associated with the selected database file.
The Stylesheet dropdown list enables you to select from 3 stylesheets (Geosoft,
Geosoft ISO 19139 and Xml).
5. To edit the Metadata, click the [Edit] button and the Edit Metadata dialog will be
displayed.
12 Geosoft Concepts
6. You can use this dialog to edit the Metadata associated with the selected database
file. Selecting the [General], [Location], and [Data] buttons, enables you to
access the different types of Metadata.
7. Click the [Save] button to save your edits and then click the [Close] button to
close the Edit Metadata dialog and return you to the Metadata Viewer.
8.
You can review your changes and then click the [OK] button to close the
window.
Metadata Tool
The Metadata Tool is a context-oriented, interactive method for viewing and editing
attributes assigned to DAP Data, Geosoft Global Settings, etc.
Note: Values displayed in a grey box cannot be edited. Values displayed in a white
box may be edited.
T O V IEW M ETADATA T OOL :
1. On the GX menu, select Global Settings|Advanced. The advanced global settings
Geosoft Concepts 13
14 Geosoft Concepts
Conventional databases organize data as tables, records and fields. This is effective
for querying and searching type applications but limits it as a data processing engine
because:
Programs must read an entire record to access a single field
It is computationally intensive to change record structures
Data sampled at different intervals and starting points are difficult to store
Oasis montaj is based on a proprietary 3-dimensional-file format architecture that
overcomes these limitations, as shown below:
Geosoft Concepts 15
Organized in lines (or groups), columns and elements, the database stores all data
values of a particular type in individual columns or channels. This enables standalone processing of columns and eliminates the need to write results to interim
storage areas and then re-write them after processing. The result is a significant
increase in processing efficiency. This Geosoft file structure provides additional
advantages including:
Ability to process any number of lines/groups
Ability to handle lines/groups with unlimited columns
Ability to handle very large datasets
In addition, since columns are stored separately, this file format is capable of storing
and manipulating data with different end point and sample intervals.
16 Geosoft Concepts
Geosoft Concepts 17
The ability to process selected samples, selected channels and selected lines or
groups
For surveys where a multiple readings where recorded at each station, for example an
Induced Polarization survey, each data cell will contain multiple values.
18 Geosoft Concepts
Geosoft Concepts 19
When you create a new map the system opens up a new blank Map Window. After a
Map Window is open, you can add a wide variety of data- and base map-related
information. Oasis montaj Maps use Views to organize and display information. A
View divides the information on a map into a Base view, which uses paper
coordinates, and a Data view, which uses ground coordinates. Map surrounds, north
arrows, and scale bars are examples of map groups plotted in the Base view. Map
coordinates, contours, and grids are examples of map groups that are plotted in the
Data view.
Groups are a fundamental part of maps.. Oasis montaj uses Groups to determine the
order in which objects are displayed (rendered) on a map. Groups are layered on top
of each other in a specific order determined by the Map View/Group Manager Tool.
You can create, edit, move, hide, and mask groups. You can also move groups in
front and behind each other. Any new object you add to a map, such as a polygon or
line, is added to the current group.
Oasis montaj now supports on-the-fly image re-projection, so images may be used in
a single map (previously, images that used plug-ins would not re-project and you had
to create a separate map to display the image). Also the speed of redrawing re-
20 Geosoft Concepts
projected data groups on maps has been improved significantly. True transparency
has also been added and is automatically enabled, with video cards that support it.
For users who dont have true transparency supporting video cards, the Light table
display technology is used.With this technology, each group or layer in a map has
individual transparency settings, controlled from the View/Group manager. These
transparency settings affect both 2D and 3D raster images and vector line work.
As you use the system, you will become familiar with the information that is stored in
each type of View and how to manipulate them (for example, by turning off a map
layer for plotting purposes). And as shown in the next section, you will also learn to
activate dynamic links between databases, profiles and maps so that you can perform
advanced processing (selection of parameters) as well as interactive analysis and
visualization.
Geosoft Concepts 21
22 Geosoft Concepts
When you save a MXD you have created in ArcMap or Oasis montaj, it uses the file
extension .mxd. MXD document files are managed in file system folders. You can
work with an existing .mxd in Oasis montaj by opening it from the ArcGIS MXD
menu. This will open an MXD window which enables you to switch between data
frame and layout view mode. You can save the visible layers and certain layout
elements to a new Geosoft map. It is also possible to create new MXDs in this menu
at some predefined page sizes or to save a Geosoft map as an MXD.
You can also save a map layer definition as an ArcMap .lyr file and add it in an
exisiting MXD window in the project using the toolbar or import it into a Geosoft
map. One special feature that Oasis montaj adds in addition to the normal ArcMap
tools in the toolbars is the dynamic linking using the Shadow Cursor Tool (see
below).
Geosoft Concepts 23
and select any item or position in a database, profile or map, a cursor automatically
connects the item or point in all items.
This capability gives you an important means of visualizing original or processed
results in any view and seeing the corresponding representation in another view. The
practical benefit is that you can quickly perform quality control, processing or
analysis using all available data and information. Applying dynamic linking is also a
highly efficient approach to building knowledge and making informed decisions.
24 Geosoft Concepts
All Geosoft GXs are signed. A Geosoft signed GX is a GX written and tested by
Geosoft. It contains no viruses or code that can harm your system. As a user you can
trust that this GX works and is safe to use. Non-signed GXs will generate a report
warning the user that there could be a problem with the GX or its contents, and that
Geosoft did not test or create this GX.
Individual users can create GXs using the GX Developer Toolkit. Geosofts own
developers also use this product to develop applications. The GX Developer is
designed for users who consider them selves to be computer-oriented scientists (i.e.
you do not have to be a computer scientist to use it effectively). If you encounter a
non-Geosoft GX a report warning will be displayed notifying you that this is not a
Geosoft signed GX.
Third party developers are also creating GXs and the product offers many
opportunities for integrating other products into the system either via DLLs or by
directly accessing Geosofts database and function library. For more information,
please contact your Geosoft representative.
The following dialog box shows a standard GX dialog box. Geosoft now supports
Visual Basic and .NET programming so that users can create even more advanced
dialogs boxes as required for their specific applications.
Geosoft Concepts 25
Oasis montaj 27
Oasis montaj
Oasis montaj is Geosofts core software platform for working with large volume
spatial data and provides the functionality required to locate, manage, visualise,
manipulate, display and share located Earth Science data.
The Oasis montaj environment provides direct access to data contained in Oasis
databases through a spreadsheet window and an integrated profile display window.
The Oasis database is a high-performance database that provides efficient storage and
access for very large spatial data sets.
The interface provides visual data links that enable you to dynamically connect data
in the spreadsheet, profile, map and ArcGIS MXD views. DAT Technology (for
Accessing Grids and Images) enables the Interface to use a variety of grid and image
formats in Oasis montaj.
The Oasis montaj Mapping and Processing System provides the basic resources for
all Geosoft Applications and extensions. Geosoft provides a variety of systems that
address specific applications in exploration geophysics, drillhole geology, exploration
geochemistry and other areas. These systems consist of menus and corresponding
Geosoft executables (GXs) that run on the core platform.
Mapping and Processing System
The Oasis montaj Mapping and Processing System contains a cross-section of builtin data import, processing, analysis, visualization, mapping, and integration
capabilities. This system enables you to perform complex processing, editing,
mapping, and interpretation tasks including the ability to:
Create, import, and export: maps, databases, grids, voxels, MXD files, images,
and profiles
Automatic Metadata Creation. Oasis montaj creates metadata automatically when
you work with data, storing the name of the user, date, time, and actions
performed. A XML Metadata viewer and editor enables easy access to your
metadata.
Process data using Geosofts gridding, contouring and 1D filter algorithms
Advanced grid utilities and gridding toolkit
3-dimensional mapping that includes a range of options for visualizing data
including; voxels, multiple surfaces and sections, each with own relief and
contents, and each with its own orientation in 3D space
Design and layout maps, consisting of base maps, grids, images, customized
annotations, labels, colour symbols, multi-parameter symbol plotting, and other
entities
Drag-n-Drop Geosoft grids, maps and databases and XYZ files for quick viewing
Advanced CAD tools to draw interpretation features on your maps
Automate tasks using scripts
28 Oasis montaj
Getting Started
This section describes the basic installation and set-up procedures for getting started
with Oasis montaj. Topics discussed in this chapter include:
Finding More Help Information (page 3)
Software and hardware requirements (page 28)
Oasis montaj eLicensing (page 28)
Installing Oasis montaj (page 30)
Park your eLicense (page 31)
Transfer your eLicense (page 32)
Updating your eLicense (page 33)
Setting High-Resolution Graphics (page 33)
Configuring Oasis montaj Settings (page 33)-
CPU
RAM
Graphics
Printer/Plotter
Installation
Internet
Oasis montaj 29
Licenses are keyed to individual PCs. Therefore; you must park the eLicense
to switch computers.
Must park before changing Operating System (for a new hard drive, for
example).
The following Geosoft License Manager options enable you to manage your
eLicense:
Install eLicense Installs your eLicense, using your license key, from the Geosoft
license server.
Show computer ID Displays your computer ID, a unique alpha-numeric string that
identifies your computer and is used to link your Geosoft license to your computer.
View eLicense Displays your eLicense information.
Update eLicense Updates your eLicense from the Geosoft license server.
Park eLicense Parks your eLicense on the Geosoft license server, enabling it to be
retrieved later.
Transfer eLicense Transfers eLicense to a different computer ID.
Lock eLicense Locks eLicense on the current computer.
Unlock eLicense Unlocks eLicense from the computer using the License key.
30 Oasis montaj
Setup dialog is displayed and tells you that the system is preparing the
installation.
2. When ready, the program displays the Geosoft Oasis Montaj InstallShield
Wizard Welcome screen. To continue, follow the directions on the screens that
appear.
3. When the "Installation Completed" dialog is displayed, you can check the boxes
eLicense (New User) instructions below, current Oasis montaj users please refer
to the Upgrade Oasis montaj instructions.
Install your eLicense (New User)
Your eLicense is installed from the Geosoft license server, online, via email or if
necessary by disk.
T O I NSTALL
YOUR E L ICENSE AS A
N EW U SER :
double click on the Oasis montaj icon). The Geosoft License Manager dialog
will be displayed.
3. In the "License Key" box, enter your 8-digit alphanumeric license key (provided
with your CD-ROM) and click the [Internet] button. Geosofts license server will
retrieve your license from our Internet server and download it to your computer.
4. All of the software you are licensed for will now be accessible to you.
Oasis montaj 31
FROM THE
CD
AND UPGRADE TO
C URRENT V ERSION :
1. Insert the Oasis montaj CD into your CD-ROM drive. The InstallShield Wizard
Setup dialog is displayed and tells you that the system is preparing the
installation.
2. When ready, the program displays the Geosoft Oasis Montaj InstallShield
Wizard Welcome screen. To continue, follow the directions on the screens that
appear.
3. When the "Installation Completed" dialog is displayed, check the box provided to
with your CD-ROM) and click the [Internet] button. Geosofts license server will
retrieve your license from our Internet server and download it to your computer
and all of the software you are licensed for will now be accessible to you.
6. On the Help menu, select Check for Updates. The Oasis montaj InstallShield
displayed.
8. Click the [Add] button to select the Update, and the [Next>] button will be
enabled.
9. Click the [Next>] button and you will be presented with the option to Download
or Install the Update. If you choose to Install, we recommend that you close
Oasis montaj at this point. Follow the instructions provided to complete the
process.
message that tells you that parking a license places your license on the Geosoft
32 Oasis montaj
license server so that it may be installed on a different computer for your own
personal use. Your license is non-transferable, and use of the license by anyone
but you may be a violation of your license agreement.
4. It then asks you if you are sure you want to park your license? Click the [Yes]
Computer ID. The Geosoft License Manager dialog will be displayed. The alphanumeric ID displayed in this window is your Computer ID.
3. Copy this number for use in the next step and Click the [OK] button to close the
window.
Transfer eLicense
1. On the computer that currently has your eLicensed installed, open Oasis montaj
dialog is displayed.
3. In the "Target Computer ID" box, enter the computer ID of the target computer
i.e. the computer you wish to install the license on and click the [OK] button.
4. Your eLicense is now linked to the new computer ID and can be downloaded
from the Geosoft license server or sent via email to the "Target Computer".
Install the Transfered eLicense:
1. Connect to the Internet.
2. On the Start menu select, Programs/Geosoft/Oasis montaj/License/Setup. The
when you "Transfered" your license) and click the [Internet] button. Geosofts
license server will retrieve your transfered license from our Internet server and
download it to your computer.
Oasis montaj 33
4. All of the software you are licensed for will now be accessible to you on your
other computer.
add-on tools.
2. Open Oasis montaj and connect to the Internet.
3. On the File menu, select License/Update License. Your eLicense is updated with
THE
D EFAULT S ETTINGS
OF THE
O ASIS
MONTAJ
E NVIRONMENT
1. On the GX menu, select Global Settings and then select General. The Default
34 Oasis montaj
2. Select the desired choices from the available selections. You need not change any
selections at this time. Once you are more familiar with Geosoft, you may come
back to alter the settings.
3. Clicking the [Next>] button displays the More settings dialog, as shown below:
Oasis montaj 35
Select the input grid format you would like to use by default.
Default
output grid
format
Default grid
element type
This is the default grid element type to use for Geosoft grids.
If grids will be used with Geosoft DOS programs, select "16bit (DOS compatible)".
Error level
reporting
If All errors are selected, you will see more error messages
each time an error occurs. This is useful for GX
programmers who may need to see more error context when
debugging GXs.
Print memory
(megabytes)
Select the amount of RAM you would like the Geosoft print
driver to use when printing. This only effects print
configurations that use the Geosoft drivers. Enter 0 to use
the default, which is 33% of the total physical RAM
available on the system.
The Geosoft print driver will slice each print job into bands
of this size. The more RAM you use for printing, the faster
printing will be. If you specify too much RAM, it is possible
to significantly diminish the performance of other tasks on
the computer. This amount should normally not exceed 50%
of the installed RAM on your system, although we will allow
the value to be up to 75% of the available RAM.
This setting is not used by the Windows driver. If you use
the Windows print driver, the printing process will use
36 Oasis montaj
virtual memory up to the size required by the print. This can
be up to 600 MB for A0 (E) size plots. We recommend that
you use the Geosoft drivers when working with large
plotters.
Image Cache
4. Clicking the [Next>] button displays the Internet settings dialog, as shown below:
5. This dialog enables you to control the type of Internet connection you have. If
your browser accesses the internet through a proxy server or firewall, set the type
to "Proxy Server/Firewall". This will use the POST HTTP command instead of
the GET http command and should enable Oasis montaj to access the internet
through your proxy/firewall connection.
Advanced Settings
The Oasis montaj Advanced Settings are global variables that remain set for a given
installation of Oasis montaj. The Advanced Settings file (geosettings.meta) stores the
values, which remain the same for different data sets and Oasis montaj projects.
Oasis montaj Advanced Settings contains parameter settings that are used to
establish default settings in Oasis montaj. When Oasis montaj is first started, it will
read the contents of the Advanced Settings file and set default values. Changing the
Advanced Settings file after montaj has started will not change defaults in the
running program.
Oasis montaj 37
The Advanced Settings file, located on the GX|Global Settings|Advanced menu, are
displayed in the Metadata Tool and organised in sections. Each section will have
associated parameters that can be modified to user specifications.
The General Settings (SETTINGS GX) can be used to maintain the most common
parts of the Oasis montaj global settings.
MONTAJ
1. On the Start menu bar click Programs and then click Geosoft and then click Oasis
montaj/Oasis montaj .
or
2. Double click on the Geosoft icon in Windows Explorer or File manager or the
System Files
As you work with the system, you will become familiar with a variety of standard
files used for specific functions. The following list provides a short summary of the
more important files.
Oasis montaj System Files
*.GDB
*.MAP
*.GRD
*.AGG
*.MXD
*.XML
Geosoft eXecutable
*.GX
*.GS
*.OMN, * .SMN
*.GPF
*.GI
*.GM
krigsample.csv
krigsample.xyz
head.xyz
magvlf.xyz
sqltest.mdb
test.grd
projtest.xyz
mag.xyz
survey.leg
map04mag.grd
map04.mdf
mag.grd
omontaj.tif
Creating a Project
To work in Oasis montaj requires an open Project. An Oasis montaj "Project"
encompasses every item in your working project; from the data files in your project
(databases, maps, and grids), to the tools used (including auxiliary tools such as
histograms, scatter plots etc.), to the project setup including the menus you have
displayed and whether you are working on a map or profile and the state in which you
left it the last time you used it.
The project also controls your working directory. Projects are saved as (*.gpf) files. If
you open an existing project from a directory, the system assumes that all your
project files are located in the same directory. To streamline your work, as well as
keep it organized, you may wish to make sure that your project file is in the same
directory as the other files you want to use. We recommend that each project you
work on have its own project (*.gpf) file. If you use a number of applications or addon tools in Oasis montaj that have different menus, you can use the project to display
only the menus you require.
The Project Explorer tool enables you to browse as well as open any project item.
The Project Explorer has two windows, the Data window that includes all data files
included in the project and the Tools window that organizes and maintains the project
tools. To access the Tools window click the Tools bar on the bottom of the Project
Explorer. To return to the Data window, click the Data bar on the top the Project
Explorer.
T O C REATE
P ROJECT :
displayed.
Oasis montaj assumes that your data is in the directory containing this
project
3. Specify a name and directory for the project. For example, name the project
GeoDemo and specify the working directory as D:\Tutorial
Note:
4. Click the [Save] button. The system saves the project and indicates it is open by
adding menus to the menu bar, adding buttons to the Standard Short-cut bar and
by displaying the Project Explorer window. These are visual clues indicating that
you are ready to start working with the system.
AN
A PPLICATION
OR
A DD - ON
TOOL
M ENU :
1. On the GX menu, click Load Menu (or click the Load menu icon
on the
Standard Shortcut Toolbar). The Load menu dialog will be displayed.
2. Select the menu file (*.omn) from the list of files and click the [Open] button.
Note:
Type
How to Find It
Information Available
Fastest
Information
Application
Information
System
Information
Tutorials
) button on
To access technical
information for each
parameter on the current
Oasis montaj dialog (GX).
The following graphic gives you a preview of the S part of FAST. When you
access the main Help system, you see a screen similar to the following:
Online Manuals, Tutorials, and Technical Notes menu page in your default
HTML browser.
2. Click on the document you want to print. The system opens the PDF file for
printing.
Note: If the tutorial is not available locally you will be linked to the Geosoft
Downloads web page. Download the tutorial of interest from this page.
3. Once the PDF tutorial is opened in your default Reader, click the File|Print menu
to print the PDF file.
Database Menus
There are two main database menus, Database and Database Tools, as shown below:
Database menu
speed is improved by compressing files because the computer takes less time to read
and write to disk. Power users will especially benefit from using compressed
databases.
You can choose either to compress for speed, compress for size or no compression at
all. Which type of compression you use is entirely up to you. It all depends on which
type better suites your needs. For example, you would more than likely compress for
speed if you have a lot of hard drive space available. However, if space is limited,
you may wish to compress for size.
T O C REATE
N EW D ATABASE :
1. On the Database menu, select New Database. The Create New Database dialog is
displayed.
2. Specify a New database name (tfmag.gdb). You can then specify the Maximum
lines/groups and Maximum channels/fields. The defaults are 200 and 50, which is
fine for the purposes of this tutorial, but generally we recommend that you specify
a number that is representative of the final estimated project size. This strategy
ensures that you have enough space available in your project while not consuming
excessive storage space. The size can be changed later via the
Maintenancemenu option from the Data menu, should your project expand in
scope.
3. Specify Compress for SPEED in the Compression box and select the Advanced
tab.
4. This dialog enables you to change the way Oasis montaj works with data in the
database file. These parameters control the database "page size", which is the
smallest unit of memory that is read/written and stored on the database. In almost
all cases, the default page size (1024 bytes) should be sufficient since this will
support a total database size of up to 4 Terabytes in size and will enable
individual channels on a line to hold up to 64 Megabytes of data. This is sufficient
for our database, for more information click theHelp (
) button.
5. Click the [OK] button. The system creates a new database with the database name
that you specified and opens a Spreadsheet window with empty Channel Header
Cells and Data cells.
Database Lines/Groups
Geosoft databases are organized in lines, channels and elements. The database stores
all data elements of a particular type in individual channels (or columns).
Database lines are a collection of related channels.
Each database line has a line number, version number, line type, flight number
(only required for airborne data), survey date and selection status.
A group is a special kind of line. It also stores data in channels, but instead of using
a name based on line number, version number, line type and flight number, it can be
named using any alpha-numeric string (with some exceptions).
Each database group line has an optional CLASS name. Like a regular line, it
has a selection status.
While all the channels in a database are accessible inside a regular line, a group line
can restrict the available, displayable channels to a smaller subset, excluding those
not relevant to the groups data.
A database may contain any number of lines and/or groups. If your survey data has
not been collected on a line basis (i.e. is random), or cannot be organized
conveniently into groups that can be thought of as lines (such as drillhole or UXO
target data), you can store all data in a single "line".
Note: An additional benefit of the Geosoft database structure is that since columns
are stored separately, this file format is capable of storing and manipulating
data with different end point and sample intervals.
Creating a New Line or Group
Creating a new Line (or Group) is made easy with the the Database popup menu.
1. On the current database, select the Line (or Group) header cell, right-click and
from the popup menu, select New Line (or New Group).
2. The Create Line (or Create Group) dialog will be displayed. Enter the parameters
DATAMINE (DM)
Excel Spreadsheets
GoCad (VO)
GIF (GIF)
Geopack (GRD)
current database? Select (Yes) to import the data into our previously created
tfmag.gdb database and the Import XYZ data dialog will be displayed.
3. In the XYZ data file box, specify mag.xyz. You can click on the [Browse] button
The [Browse] buttons enable you to locate and select files from anywhere on
your computer or network drives. This assists in ensuring the selection of the
proper files from the correct directory are chosen.
4. Click the [Template] button. The system displays the Import dialog box with the
name of the file you are importing displayed along the dialog box title bar.
5. The name of the default import template file default.i0 is displayed in the
Template Name box. This file will include the settings specified in this dialog. If
you have multiple files of the same format to import you can rename this file to be
used again (e.g. ImportTFMag. i0).
6. To modify the settings for a channel, select (highlight) the channel you wish to
edit and Source Data and Output boxes to the right, specify your changes.
7. In the Source Data box you can select a Format for your numbered data. (i.e.
normal, scientific, data, time) from the drop down menu. If your data contains a
value (for example 9999) that represents dummy values, enter this value in the
Dummy parameter box.
8. In the Output Channel box you can select or specify a Name you want to use for
the channel in the database. You can also select the Type of numbers to use, the
Width (number of digits), and number of Decimal places.
9. When you are done editing and modifying your data click the [OK] button to
Note:
The default placeholder for missing or blank data (i.e. dummy value) in an
XYZ file is *. If the dummy value was for example, -9999, then you should
enter this in the Dummy box on the template dialog box..
C HANNEL (C OLUMN ):
1. Click once on the channel header cell labelled mag to select it. Press the [space
bar] key on the keyboard or click on the right mouse button and select Remove
column from the popup menu. The channel is removed from the Spreadsheet
view.
Note: The database (*.gdb) file still contains all the data. The Spreadsheet is only
used to provide a view of selected channels.
T O L IST A C HANNEL :
1. Move your cursor to the top of the first empty channel header cell, right click and
2. A box will appear beneath the empty channel header listing all the available
channels that currently are not being viewed in the Spreadsheet window. Select
mag to display the channel in the Spreadsheet.
3. If you know the name of the data channel already, you can simply position the
cursor on a specific Channel Header Cell, type the name and click the [Enter]
button.
Note: If you see **, this convention indicates that the data are too wide for the
spreadsheet column. To change the width of a column, place the cursor on the
dividing line between the column headers. The mouse becomes a double
arrow. Click on the left mouse button and drag the line to the right to increase
the column width. Release the mouse button when done.
ON A
C HANNEL :
1. Click three times on the channel header cell labelled mag to highlight the mag
data in all of the selected lines (groups) in the database. The selected data is the
data the system will calculate the statistics on.
Note: Clicking (highlighting) the channel header once selects the header cell,
clicking twice selects the channel and clicking three times selects the channel
in all of the selected lines (groups) in the database.
2. On the Database Tools menu, select Report and then select Mark Statistics. The
Stat Report dialog is displayed.
3. You can save a copy of the statistical report by clicking the [Save Stats] button.
The system will display the Save Stats dialog box where you can specify a name
for the New statistics file then click the [OK] button to have the system save the
file to your project directory.
4. On the Stat Report dialog box click the [OK] button to close the dialog box.
The following list summarizes how to obtain results on specific parts of your
database:
Click once on the channel header
cell to highlight the header cell.
Note:
The maximum value in the mag channel is 9999 - for this dataset, this number
may indicate a data spike or spikes in some or all of the lines of data.
P ROFILE :
1. Select (highlight) the channel header cell of the channel you wish to view in
profile format, for example, the mag channel. Right-click and from the database
popup menu, select Show Profile. . The profile of the channel data is displayed in
the Profile Window immediately below the spreadsheet.
Note:
To see where the mag values are located with regards to the profile line,
simply select a value (or a range of values) in the mag channel and the system
will highlight the corresponding area on the profile (or visa versa).
2. We recommend you experiment with the various options available for profile
display, appearance, scaling and plotting etc. available via the Profile popup
menu, available by right-clicking while holding the cursor over the profile
window.
T O D ISPLAY
THE
P ROFILE
OF
D IFFERENT L INE :
1. Move the cursor to the Line Header Cell in the top left corner of the spreadsheet.
List from the popup menu. A list of all the line numbers in the current database
will be displayed. You can think of each line number as a worksheet in the
spreadsheet window. When you view a new line number a new worksheet is
opened in the spreadsheet window with corresponding line number information.
3. Click on L13:0 from the list and you will see that the spreadsheet and profile
4. The profile view now shows the two data spikes, which peak at a value of 9999.
These spikes were also identified in the channel statistics and should be removed
from the data before performing any additional data processing.
Note:
When the Line Header Cell is highlighted, you can use the [Page Up] and
[Page Down] keys from your keyboard to scroll through lines. You can also
use the Database Tools Bar to scroll th rough the lines. The figure below
shows what each of these buttons do.
Database Toolbar
Display First Line/Group. Click this button to show the data and
profiles for the starting line in your database.
Display Last Line/Group. Click this button to show the data and
profiles for the final line in your database.
Using the database popup menu you can also select to Protect All or Protect
None of the database channels. Check the Protect All option to protect all of
the channels in your database and Protect None to remove the protection from
all of the channels.
3. To protect the channel, select the header cell, right-click and from the popup
menu, select (check) Protected. The black triangle is returned to the top left
corner of the channel header cell, indicating that the channel is protected.
N EW C HANNEL :
1. Move to the top of the next empty column and highlight the channel header cell
your keyboard. The system displays the Create Channel dialog box. Note that,
you can also select the channel hearder cell, left click and from the popup menu
select New, to display the Create Channel dialog.
3. Click the [OK] button to accept the default values. The system creates a new
channel in the database named magedited and fills this channel with dummy
values (i.e. *).
4. On the Database Tools menu, select Channel Tools|Copy channel. The Copy a
5. Select mag from the dropdown list for the Copy FROM box and magedited from
the dropdown list for the TO box. Click the [OK] button.
6. The system copies values from the mag channel into the newly created
magedited channel.
THE
Follow steps 1 through 3 above; however use a different channel name such as
magedited2.
1. Click left mouse button three times on the magedited2 channel header cell to
see the Math Formula Tool is activated by looking at the status bar of the
spreadsheet window.
3. Type mag in the formula bar. Typing mag means the new channel will be equal
to the mag channel. Notice that as you type the formula, it is written in each
channel cell as well as at the bottom of the screen.
4. Press the [Enter] key on your keyboard to activate the formula and have the
C HANNEL
FROM THE
D ATABASE :
We do not require two magedited channels; therefore we can easily delete the
magedited2 channel from the database.
1. Before you can delete a channel from the spreadsheet window you need to make
sure the channel is not protected (i.e. there is no black triangle in the upper left
corner of the channel header cell). If you try and delete a channel that is protected
the system will not allow you to proceed with the deletion process.
2. Right mouse click on the magedited2 channel header cell and select Delete
3. The system will display the Delete dialog box. This dialog box is a safety feature
confirming that you really wish to delete a channel from the database.
4. Click the [Yes] button to permanently delete this channel from your database
(Note that, the default is No this is a secondary safety feature preventing you from
pressing the Enter key by mistake, deleting the channel).
Note: It is important to realize that deleting a channel is very different than just
hiding a channel from spreadsheet view. When you hide a channel from the
spreadsheet it is still there in the database and can be retrieved simply by
listing the channel again. When you delete a channel it is not only removed
from the spreadsheet view, but it is also deleted from the database as well.
C HANNEL U SING
THE
P ROFILE V IEW :
1. Before you can edit a channel you must make sure that channel is not protected.
Then, ensure that you are viewing the correct line 13 (L13:0) in the worksheet,
and that you have chosen the magedited channel to edit.
2. With the magedited channel selected, right-click and from the poup menu, select
Show Profile. The system displays a profile of the data in the profile window
below the spreadsheet.
3. Move to the profile window and click on the first data spike (there are two on the
line). You will notice that the corresponding data value to that spike, 9999, is
highlighted in the spreadsheet view at sample (fiducial) 32 and a small box is
drawn at the top of the data spike in the profile window. Clicking anywhere in the
profile view will display the corresponding value in the spreadsheet view.
4. Click with your mouse on the 9999 value in the corresponding magedited
channel. Press the [Delete] key from the keyboard to remove the value from the
database. A dummy value (*) will appear.
5. Repeat the procedure for the other data spike found at fiducial 131 and a second
dummy value (*) will appear. Your profile should now look like the one shown
below.
This formula states that if the mag value is less than 9000, magedited will equal the
mag value; otherwise it is set to the dummy value. This procedure works in this case
because the bad data spikes are outside of the valid data range.
The Math Expression Builder uses normal algebraic notation that is a combination of
keywords, such as functions and operators that calculate values or change the values
of variables (i.e. Channels, Grids or Voxel data).
TO
ACCESS THE
1. On the Database Tools menu, select Channel Math. The Channel Math
2. To display the available Operators and Functions click the [Operators] button
and all of the Operators and Functions that are available to help you build your
math expression will be displayed.
3. For detailed information on the Math Expression Builder Components and how to
apply them, see the Help topic, Math Expression Builder (Help|Help Topics).
Interpolating Data
Now that you have removed the spikes and examined the database for other possible
errors, you may wish to interpolate the data through the gaps created when you
removed the data spikes.
T O F ILL G APS
IN A
2. Select magedited as the Channel to interpolate and also select magedited as the
) button
4. Display the mag and magedited channels in the profile window by right clicking
on each channels header cell and selecting Show profile from the popup menu.
You can now compare the edited data against the raw data.
Note:
By displaying the two profiles in the same profile window you can examine
the effectiveness of interactive editing and interpolation on the original data.
However, note that the profiles have different vertical scales magedited is
(4720.90 5974.10) and mag is (4639.92 10104.08).
1. In the Profile window, right-click and from the popup menu, select Y Axis
2. Select the Scale to fit for each line radio button option and then select (check) the
The following list summarizes the different scale options available to you:
Scale to fit for each line
Uses the same range for all the profiles that are
displayed.
2. Use this dialog to select the X-Axis to use in the profile window, to select to auto
rescale the X-Axis, to display vertical grid line and at what interval?
3. Click the [OK] button to continue and your profile will be updated.
Profile Options
Use the tabbed Profile dialog to specify the options for the current profile. This
dialog includes five tabs; Data Info, Line Styles, Colours, Symbols, and Grid. For
more information on the Profile dialog and the individual tabs, click the [Help]
button on the tab of interest.
Master Sample
The Master Sample channel is used to force all other database channels to be sampled
at the same fiducial rate as the selected channel. The Master Sample channel is
identified by blue line under the channel header.
This feature is useful when you want to edit data from a channel that has a larger
fiducial rate (data sampled less often) then other channels in the database.
By default, the spreadsheet window displays data using the channel with the smallest
fiducial (most frequent sampling) rate.
For example, consider a database with two channels. Channel 1 has a fiducial
sampling rate of 10 readings/second. This channel is considered to be smaller (more
frequent) than Channel 2, which was sampled at 1 reading/second. By making
Channel 2 the Master Sample channel, Channel 1 is displayed at the same rate so that
only every tenth fiducial is displayed.
T O A CTIVATE
THE
M ASTER S AMPLE :
1. Right click on a database channel header and select "Master Sample" from the
popup menu.
2. A blue line will be displayed under the channel header.
TO
REMOVE THE
M ASTER S AMPLE :
1. Right click on a database channel header and select "No Master Sample" from the
popup menu.
2. The blue line will be removed from under the channel header.
TO
Y OUR D ATABASE :
3. The system updates your database and the changes are now permanent.
Note:
To undo changes, click the Discard Database Changes menu option from the
Database menu. This will restore your database to its last saved state.
Database|Export menu
First we will export some data from an Oasis montaj database to a Microsoft
Access database to familiarize you with the exporting process.
We will then proceed to import the Access database into a new Oasis montaj
database to familiarize you with the import process.
You will then create your own ASCII data set by exporting from Oasis montaj.
Lastly you will import this Ascii data back into a new Oasis montaj database.
Each line (or group in the case of drillhole data) has its own table in the
output database.
Single table
As a rule of thumb, if you are working with multiple lines, we recommend that you
export lines as Individual tables so that you can keep track of them in future.
If you are working with a single line (i.e. geochemical data), it is more likely
that you will export the line as a Single table. In the following procedure, we
will export data as Individual tables within a database.
T O E XPORT
TO A
Note:
If you choose Selected lines as the Lines/Groups to save option, you can
make sure the lines you wish to export are selected according to your
specifications. To do this, you can can choose certain lines to select via the
Line Selection Tool, which can be accessed from the line header cell popup
menu and selecting, Selections|Selection Tool (as shown below).
3. Specify an Output MDB file name (Export_Access) and the rest of the options as
FoxPro 2.0
FoxPro 2.5
FoxPro 2.6
Paradox 3.x
Paradox 4.x
Paradox 5.x
D ATABASE T ABLE :
1. On the Database menu, select New Database. The Create New Database dialog is
displayed. Specify a New database name (Import_Access) and click the [OK]
button to open a new empty database.
2. On the Database menu, select Import| Database Table and then click All Tables.
Specify Lines from the Store tables as drop down menu. Click the [OK] button.
The system imports file into the database.
TO AN
E XCEL F ILE :
3. Specify the Format as CSV (Excel) and the output Data file Name as
Export_Excel. Click the [OK] button. The system exports the data to the
designated file.
displayed. Specify a New database name as (Import_Excel) and click the [OK]
button to have the system create the new empty database.
2. On the Database menu, select Import|Ascii. The Import Wizard dialog is
displayed.
4. The system scans the file and displays the first of three Data Import Wizard
dialog boxes. The wizard displays a preview of the data file and automatically
determines the File Type containing the data (i.e. Delimited separated by
commas).
5. In the four fields in the middle of the dialog box specify which line in the file
contains the data headings (i.e. channel names), data units (m or ft ect.),
which line to begin importing data on and the number of lines to display in the
preview rows.
6. If your import data had several columns of data you can use the horizontal scroll
bar at the bottom of the display window to view the columns. Click the [Next>]
button to continue.
7. The second dialog box in the Data Import Wizard is displayed. Specify the
Column delimiters as Microsoft Excel CSV for the type of character used to
separate the column text. In this case, the system displays the data in columns by
drawing lines in the preview window indicating the way in which it is preparing
to import your data. Click the [Next>] button to continue.
The Data Import Wizard enables you to easily import data from any Ascii
spreadsheet or data file. The Data Import Wizard supports both Delimited and
Fixed Field Ascii files. The Data Import Wizard also imports Microsoft
Excel Comma Separated Value (CSV), Comma Delimited, White Space
Delimited and Tab Delimited data files. The window at the bottom of the
dialog box shows the file that is being imported. For more information about
the Data Import Wizard settings, read the Ascii Import Wizard help topic or
click the Help ( ) button on the dialog box
8. The system displays the third dialog box in the Data Import Wizard. The wizard
has scanned your data and determined the Channel Type of data with which you
are working (Data in this case). It is always good practice to review your data to
ensure that the wizard has selected the correct columns. The Parameters area in
the dialog box shows the name, label, type and format of data of the column
highlighted in the preview window.
Note: In the dialog box below, we have selected the Y column to show how the
corresponding parameters are displayed in the Parameters box.
9. Click the [Finish] button. The system displays the Save the template? Dialog.
10. Click [Yes] to save the import template. For more information on the import
11. In the Template box you can either accept the default name for the import
template or rename the template. For our purpose we will accept the default name
and click the [OK] button. The Import dialog box is displayed.
12. Click [Yes] to import data into the current database.The Import Wizard imports
Plotting profiles
Gridding data
Plotting contours
Later tutorials focus on custom map creation, dynamic linking and imaging, and
adding special elements such as symbols to maps.
Map Menus
There are two main map menus, Map and Map Tools, as shown below:
Map menu
project.
You can highlight the lines you want to select or deselect individually or click
the [Highlight lines by range] button to select lines by range.
Clicking the [Select highlight] button or [Deselect highlight] button will either
add a check mark beside the highlighted lines or remove a checkmark.
Lines that are selected will have a check mark beside them and lines that are not
selected will have no check mark beside them.
If the line is not selected, it will not be included in the maps you create or data
you process. For this tutorial make sure all the lines are selected. Click the [OK]
button.
N EW M AP :
the system query the database for the Minimum X, Y and Maximum X, Y
coordinates and the Distance units.
Note: If the scanned data or grid file does not have an established unit, "metres" is
assumed. It is important that the distance units accurately reflect the units of
the data range. This default value can be modified in the Edit|Settings|General
dialog.
4.
Click the [Next] button. The Create a new map dialog is displayed.
5. Enter a Map name (tfmag.map), Map template (portrait letter) and then click
the [Scale] button. The system automatically calculates a scale that will fit the
data on the map template. Just remember to round the scale to a more efficient
number (100000).
6. Click the [Finish] button display the new blank map.
Note:
If no scale is specified, a scale will be chosen which will fit all of the data
within the chosen map sheet.
The template can be used to create simple base maps for standard presentations or
very sophisticated final maps. This XML based template supports the creation of
multiple data views on a single map. The user may define titles, text, logos, colour
bars, and may even include background graphics or images in each view. For the
power users, the templates are fully scriptable.
On the Map Tools menu, select Map Template and then select one of two
options, New Blank Map Template or New Template FromLibrary.
On the Map Template Tools Bar, select one of the following buttons; New
Template fromLlibrary (
(
).
Once you have a map template created and/or opened in your current project you can
quickly and easily add new base group to your map template using the Add new base
group button (
) on the Map Template Tools Bar or by selecting the view you want
to add the group to on the map template window, right-click and from the popup
menu, select Add new base group.
When adding new Data Views to your map template, you can define the data extents
and projection information or leave the area undefined. Data groups can be added
using the Add new data group to current view button (
) on the Map Template
Tools Bar or by selecting the view you want to add the group to, in the map template
window, right-click and from the popup menu, select Add new data group to current
view.
For more information on working with the New Map Template Interactive Tools, see
the Oasis montaj online Help Topics. To quickly locate help for the New Interactive
Map Template Tools, specify Interactive Map Template Tool on the Search tab.
the system query the database for the data ranges and report the Minimum X,Y and
Maximum X,Y coordinates. Click the [Next>] button.
3. The Create a New Map dialog is displayed. Enter a Map name (New
displayed.
5. Click the [New] button to create a new template, so that the original template is
6. Use this dialog to specify a New template name (e.g. NEW_A4) and click the
7. Change the Map style to (figure). Figure style maps have a layout with the title,
scale bar and north arrow located at the bottom of the map whereas map style
maps have a layout with the title box, scale bar and north arrow along the right
hand side of the map. You can leave the rest of the default values as they are.
8. Click the [OK] button to continue. The system will return you to the MAPPLOT
Map template.
10. Click the [Scale] button. The system automatically chooses a scale that will fit the
data on the map template. Just remember to round the scale to a more efficient
number (150000).
project.
T O C REATE
AND
P LOT
1. Make sure your blank tfmag.map file is open and selected in the project.
2. On the Map Tools menu, select Base Map and then select Draw Base Map. The
3. This dialog box is the first dialog box in the base map layout wizard. The type of
Map style that you choose here will reflect the type of dialog boxes to follow.
Choose figure as the Map style and specify a Map scale of 100000. The rest of
the default values are fine the way they are. Click the [Next>] button to continue.
4. The system displays the Figure style base map dialog box. You can specify
different types of display styles for the Reference grid via the drop down menu.
Choose dotted lines for the Reference Grid box. Click the [Next>] button to
continue.
5. The system displays the Figure titles dialog box. Specify a Title (Figure Map
Style) and a Sub-Title(s) if you wish. Click the [Finish] to plot the basemap in
your current open tfmag.map. Your map should look similar to the one shown
below.
T O C REATE
AND
P LOT
M AP S TYLE B ASE M AP :
1. Create a new blank map with using the NEW_A4 Template. You will need to
modify this template to change the map style from figure to map. Call this map
New Map_Map Style. Click the [Finish] button, your new blank map should be
open and selected in the project.
3. This dialog box is the first dialog box in the base map layout wizard. The type of
Map style that you choose here will reflect the type of dialog boxes to follow.
Choose map as the Map style and specify the Map Margins as shown above.
4. Click the [Next>] button to continue. The s Full map style base map dialog is
displayed.
7. You can specify the map titles and sub-titles as shown above and then click the
4. Click the [OK] button and the system displays the survey lines on your New
Plotting Profiles
For line-oriented Geoscience surveys, you can also display plan view profiles of the
data values for each survey line.
T O P LOT P ROFILES :
1. Make sure New Map_Map Style.map is selected in your project.
2. On the Map Tools menu, click Profile. The Profile plot dialog is displayed.
3. Choose the profile channel (magedited). Set the profile scale (units/mm) as 50
and the profile base as 5000. Change the line colour to red and click the [OK]
button.
4. The system displays the plan profiles of the channel selected on your map. Click
the Help ( ) button for more information regarding the parameter selections
available in the Profile plot dialog box.
Click this button to activate the Zoom Box. Click on the map, then
while holding down the left mouse button, move your cursor to box
in the area of the map you want to zoom, click the left mouse button
to select the area. Click the mouse button again to zoom to the area
selected.
Note: Once the box has been defined, the cursor and the box are
linked and by moving the cursor around the map you can move
the box to another location, and then click the left mouse
button to zoom to the boxed area.
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Zoom Box from the popup menu.
Pan
Click this button to Pan around in the currently selected map. Click
the left mouse button and while holding the button down, move the
hand cursor to pan around the current map area.
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Pan from the popup menu.
Interactive Zoom
Click this button to activate the interactive zoom. Click on the area of
Zoom In
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Zoom In from the popup menu.
Click this button to zoom out and shrink the displayed map features
by 50%.
Zoom Out
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Zoom Out from the popup menu.
Click this button to display the whole map area in the map window.
Full Map
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Full Map from the popup menu.
Zoom to Selection
Previous Extent
Click this button to undo all changes that you have made since the
last time you saved the map. This command is useful for removing
text and graphics that you may have added accidentally.
When working on a map, you may prefer to use this command
periodically so that you undo only a few changes at a time rather than
your entire set of map edits and other changes.
You can also access this command by clicking the right mouse button
on a map and selecting Last View from the popup menu.
Next Extent
Click this button to redo the latest changes that you have made since
the last time you saved the map. This command is useful for adding
text and graphics that you may have removed accidentally.
For more information, see the May Layout Bar help topic (Help|Help Topics).
T O U SE
THE
Z OOM B OX O PTION :
2. Your cursor will turn into a crosshair. Define a box by clicking the top left and
bottom right corners of the area of interest. Then click once to execute the zoom
command.
.
3. The system zooms into the defined area.
T O U SE
THE
P AN O PTION :
THE
F ULL M AP O PTION :
THE
popup menu.
2. The map will be displayed as it was last displayed before a new view was shown.
M AP T OOLS B AR
T O U SE
THE
R EDRAW O PTION :
1. If you manually resize the map window or perform editing on the map you may
need to redraw the map to refresh its current view. On the Map Tools Bar, click
( ) or right click and select Redraw from the popup menu.
2. The map will be redrawn and redisplayed in the map window.
The last three buttons on the toolbar determine on which maps the zooming will
occur:
Map Only] button
will zoom only the current map, which will be
highlighted.
[This
Configurable Hotkeys
Oasis montaj now provides configurable Hotkeys enabling quick and easy access to
menu items including all map tools. The GX|Database Settings|Configure GDB
Shortcut Keys menu item provides an interactive dialog enabling you to set your own
hotkeys or view the defaults.
Gridding Data
Gridding refers to the process of interpolating data onto an equally spaced grid of
values in a specified coordinate system, such as X-Y. In this system, the following
gridding methods are available:
The Grid and Image menu includes options for creating, processing, displaying,
analyzing, and converting grids and images.
Bi-Directional
Bi-Directional is a numerical technique for parallel survey lines, lines with some tie
lines or roughly parallel lines. Use BIGRID, if the data is collected along lines that
are roughly parallel, as in the following examples:
Parallel Lines
BIGRID is not able to use the tie lines, as shown in the middle example,
because of the way the gridding algorithm works. If the data on the tie lines is
important, RANGRID or KRIGRID should be used.
The Bi-directional gridding method (BIGRID GX), is ideal for line oriented data
because it inherently tends to strengthen trends perpendicular to the direction of the
survey lines. In this way, BIGRID can take advantage of the fundamental
characteristics of line-based surveys.
Note:
The gridding process is carried out in two principle steps. First, each line is
interpolated along the original survey line to yield data values at the intersection of
each required grid line with the observed line. The intersected points from each line
are then interpolated in the across-line grid direction to produce a value at each
required grid point.
Geological trends in the data can be emphasized by the appropriate orientation of the
grid so that the second interpolation is in the direction of strike. In addition to trend
enhancement, BIGRID allows the method of interpolation to be selected
independently for the down-line and across-line directions. The interpolations
available are linear, cubic spline (minimum curvature) or Akima spline.
Filtering of the line data before interpolation is also possible. BIGRID can design
and apply non-linear and/or linear numerical filters to the original line data. The use
of the non-linear filter is a very effective way to remove data spikes (undesired highamplitude short-wavelength features) from the original data.
BIGRID has the following features:
Unlimited number of data points per survey line
Unlimited number of survey lines
Unlimited output grid size
Note: The actual maximum size of the dataset or grid that you can use depends upon
the available free disk space of your computer.
Minimum curvature
The random gridding method (RANGRID GX ) fits a minimum curvature surface to
the data points using a method similar to that described by Swain (1976) and Briggs
(1974). A minimum curvature surface is the smoothest possible surface that will fit
the given data values.
RANGRID first estimates grid values at the nodes of a coarse grid (usually 8 times
the final grid cell size). This estimate is based upon the inverse distance average of
the actual data within a specified search radius. If there is no data within that radius,
the average of all data points in the grid is used. An iterative method is then
employed to adjust the grid to fit the actual data points nearest the coarse grid nodes.
After an acceptable fit is achieved, the coarse cell size is divided by 2. The same
process is then repeated using the coarse grid as the starting surface. This is
iteratively repeated until the minimum curvature surface is fit at the final grid cell
size.
A very important parameter in the RANGRID process is the number of iterations
used to fit the surface at each step. The greater the number of iterations, the closer
the final surface will be to a true minimum curvature surface. However, the
processing time is proportional to the number of iterations.
RANGRID stops iterating when:
It reaches a specified maximum number of iterations, or
A certain percentage of the observed points are within a limiting tolerance of
the surface
By default these limits are 100 iterations and 99% of points within 1% of the data
range..
The RANGRID GX also has the following capabilities:
Accessing unlimited number of input observation points.
Adjustable internal tension.
Applying de-aliasing filter.
Applying linear and logarithmic gridding.
Applying projections.
Blanking un-sampled areas.
Outputing grids up to any size.
Note: The actual maximum size of the grid that you can use depends upon the
available free disk space of your computer.
Kriging
Kriging is a statistical gridding technique for random data, non-parallel line data or
orthogonal line data.
Use RANGRID or KRIGRID when the XYZ data is not sampled along lines that run
in roughly the same direction. Such data are often called random, because they give a
random appearance when the data locations are plotted. Also, line data with survey
lines that are orthogonal (or have random directions) should be gridded with
RANGRID or KRIGRID.
+
+++
+
+
+
Random Data
If the data is relatively smooth between sample points or survey lines, then
RANGRID should be used.
However, use KRIGRID, if the data
is variable between sample locations,
is known to be statistical in nature (such as geochemical data),
is poorly sampled, or
is clustered.
The statistical gridding method (KRIGRID GX) uses the method of Kriging to
determine a value at each grid node based on the XYZ data. KRIGRID first
calculates a variogram of the data, which shows the correlation of the data as a
function of distance.
Simply speaking, the further data points become, the less correlation we expect
between points. A variogram shows this phenomena for a given dataset, and based
on the variogram, you are able to select a model that best defines the variance of the
data.
The technique of Kriging uses this model to estimate the data values at the nodes of
the grid. A significant by-product of Kriging is the ability to estimate the error of the
data at each grid node.
Geosoft supports ordinary Kriging as well as universal Kriging. Universal Kriging
differs from ordinary Kriging in that it allows the data to contain a regional trend.
For a more in-depth understanding of geostatistical analysis and Kriging, refer to
Mining Geostatistics written by A.G. Journel and C.J. Huijbregts, 1978.
KRIGRID has the following capabilities:
Applies de-aliasing filter.
Applies linear and logarithmic gridding options.
Blanks un-sampled areas.
Calculates a variogram from the input data channel.
Output grids up to any size.
Processes unlimited number of input observation points.
Tinning
The ability to create a TIN (Triangular Irregular Network), and to use this TIN file to
grid data using the Nearest Neighbour , Linear or Natural Neighbour methods has
been added to the Oasis montaj environment.
The TIN is created from a set of spatial data using the public domain Sweepline
algorithm implemented by Steven Fortune of Bell Laboratories (Fortune, S 1987).
The TINDB GX applies the Sweepline algorithm to the X, Y (Z-optional) data values
in a Geosoft database (*.gdb) to create a binary TIN (*.tin) file.
When Z values are included in the (*.tin) file, a TIN grid can be created using the
TINGRID GX. The TINGRID GX applies the Nearest Neighbour, Linear or Natural
Neighbour (Sambridge, Brown & McQueen 1995) algorithm to the Z values in the
(*.tin) file to create a grid.
The TIN gridding method requires one data point for each (X, Y) data location in the
database. Tinning provides the ability to sum or average duplicate samples data that
have multiple Z values at single point locations. (Note that, when Z values are
included in the (*.tin) file, only data point locations with non-dummy Z values are
included.)
Geosoft Tinning provides a number of ways of visualizing the TIN, including the
ability to plot the TIN Nodes, the TIN Mesh (or Delaunay triangulation), the Convex
Hull, and the Voronoi cells of your data.
Trend Enforcement Gridding
A traditional problem in gridding geophysical data, is the aliasing problem that
occurs due to the presence of more samples along the lines than across lines. This
problem leads to obvious effects including ellipsoids or ellipsoidal beads between
lines in gridded data. There are various solutions to these types of effects including
filtering and gridding along trend directions. However, these techniques may reduce
geologic signal or obscure local trends. Oasis montaj Trend Enforcement
algorithm is designed to provide a solution that preserves the character of local
trends while eliminating aliasing effects. To learn how to perform trend enforcement
gridding in Oasis montaj, refer to Tutorial 16: Trend Enforcement Gridding page
269.
Gridding using the Bi-directional gridding method
In this example, we will use Bi-directional gridding (since the data are oriented in
parallel lines and we expect to have cross-line trending). You can apply Bidirectional gridding by using the Bi-Directional Line Gridding menu option or
running a Control File that contains the gridding commands and parameters. The
procedures for both methods are provided. However, you will only need to follow one
of the methods to perform the Bi-directional gridding successfully. If you are a new
user, we recommend choosing the first method.
T O A PPLY B I -D IRECTIONAL G RIDDING
TO
XYZ D ATA:
3. From the Channel to grid dropdown list, select (magedited) and specify the
Output grid name as tfmag (note that, the file extension *.grd will be added by
the system).
4. The grid cell size should be 1/4 to 1/8 of the line separation distance. The line
separation is 200 metres; therefore, we will use a Grid cell size of 50. For more
information on these parameters, click the Help ( ) button. Click the
[Advanced>] button to continue. The Advanced Gridding options dialog is
displayed.
5. We can leave these parameters to the intelligent defaults, for detailed information
click the Help ( ) button. Click the [Finish] button and the data will be gridded
and displayed in your current project.
Note: The cell size is the distance between grid points in the X and Y directions. In
most situations the cell size can be selected as 1/4 to 1/8 of the line separation,
or the minimum station interval, whichever is greater. By default, BIGRID
will choose a cell size based upon these criteria, although we do recommend
that you choose the cell size directly
T O A PPLY B I -D IRECTIONAL G RIDDING
TO
C ONTROL F ILE :
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding|From Control File and then select
2. Specify the Data channel to grid (magedited) from the drop down menu. Also
specify a name for the New grid file (tfmag_con). We will leave the Transverse
gradient channel blank as this parameter doesnt apply to our data. For
information on this parameter, click the Help (
) button.
3. The next step is to specify a Control file. Normally you would specify an existing
control file that contains your bi-directional gridding (BIGRID) commands and
parameters. However, in this tutorial, since no BIGRID control file exists, specify
the name of a new control file to create (tfmag.con).
4. Click the [Edit Controls] button and the Select a default text editor dialog is
displayed.
5. This dialog is only displayed if you have not selected a default text editor yet. Use
the [Browse] button to locate a text editor (like Notepad) and click the [OK]
button to display the Edit file using notepad.exe dialog.
6. The ftmag.con file is selected by default, click the [OK] button. The system
displays the control file you specified (tfmag.con) using your default text editor.
7. The control file contains comments that explain how to use the BIGRID
line gridding dialog to grid the data and display it in your current project.
We did not specify any parameters in the bigrid control file, therefore the grid
was gridded using only the intelligent defaults.
The 3D Tools menu includes options for creating, processing, displaying, analyzing,
converting, extracting (sections and plans) and generating isosurfaces from 3D grids.
Create a Voxel Grid
Use the 3D Tools|Gridding|Voxel Gridding menu option to perform 3D Gridding,
which will use a basic statistical kriging algorithm to create a 3D voxel grid model
from 3D data contained in a Geosoft database (GDB file). The data to be gridded
must have defined X, Y and Z fields that locate the data within a coordinate system in
which Z coordinates are interpreted as positive up.
Note: When gridding your data it is important to note that if you reduce the cell size
by half then both the file size and processing time are increased by 8 times (2
cubed).
T O C REATE 3D V OXEL G RID :
1. Open a database that includes defined X, Y and Z fields that locate the data within
will be displayed.
3. Using the dropdown list, select the Data to grid and a default Output voxel file
name will be provided. You can rename the voxel or accept the default name.
4. Select to Display the voxel in the Current map, New map or to not display it. The
Cell size can be left to the intelligent defaults. Note that, if you reduce the cell
size by half then both the file size and processing time are increased by 8 times (2
cubed).
5. Clicking the
6. Click the [OK] button when you are satisfied with your selections and the Voxel
Displaying a Grid
There are a number of options for displaying grids; these include displaying single
grids, colour shaded grids, ternary image grids, two-grid composites (for shadedrelief maps), three-grid composites (for ternary maps) and four-grid composites. In
this example, we will display a single grid.
Grids appear in the Project Explorer under "Grids". Opening a grid opens a view of
the grid in its own internal "map". A grid map view is just like a real map and can
accept any graphics that a map can. It can also be saved as a map, in which case the
map will appear in the "Map" section of the project explorer.
When displaying grids, you must specify a colour table to use (supplied with the
product). You may want to experiment with different colour tables to see how
they affect your image.
T O D ISPLAY
S INGLE G RID
ON A
M AP :
1. Open and select the tfmag.map that we created earlier with a basemap.
2. On the Grid and Image menu, select Display|Single grid. The Place a grid on a
4. We can leave the remaining parameters to the defaults and click the [Current
Recolour Grids
Click the Auto-Recolour Grids (
) button in the Map Tools Bar to toggle the Auto
Recolour Grids option on/off. This option recolours the displayed grid area as the
grid extents change within a map window (e.g. when zooming or panning).
Note that, when turned ON the grid values stay the same. However, as the viewed
extents of the grid change; the grid colour is recalculated and redrawn using the entire
colour palette over the current displayed grid area.
When this option is ON any changes made to the extents of the viewed grid area
will cause the grid to be recoloured based on the grid values in the current
viewed area, using the entire colour palette.
When this option is ON all displayed grids will be recoloured when changes are
made to the extents of the viewed area.
When Auto Recolour Grids is OFF the grids return to their original colours.
The Auto Recolour Grids option is a temporary viewing tool. To save/share a
recoloured view of a grid you can Create a Snapshot (see page 119) or print the
current map extents.
Note: If the Auto Recolour Grid mode is turned ON when you print, it will apply to
the printed page. Either turn OFF the mode when printing or print out a
selected area and it will apply the recolouring.
Plotting Contours
Contours refer to the lines drawn at specified intervals or multiples of intervals on
your map based on a gridded dataset. After you create a grid, you may want to
contour your data and display these contours on your map. In Oasis montaj,
contouring is specially designed to handle the very large dynamic data ranges that
characterize Earth Science data sets. For more information on plotting contours, refer
to the Adding Contours to Maps topic in the Online Help system.
Contouring options include quick, custom, log and from a control file (for batch
contouring).
Quick - uses default parameters.
Custom - uses parameters you specify the system to use. This method generates
simple or log contours.
Log contour - Draws contours on a map using a specified grid in logarithmic
mode
Have Control File - ASCII control file enables full cartographic cosmetic
control of plotting options
G RID :
dialog is displayed.
Click the [OK] button. The contours are drawn on the map.
Snapshots
Use the Manage Snapshots dialog, found on the Map menu, to open, rename or delete
your map snapshots.
Map snapshots (or bookmarks) are saved views of the map extents, based on the
coordinate system and units of the map view. Map snapshots enable you to return to a
favourite location on your map quickly and easily.
The snapshot option was designed to help improve your workflow and ease of use.
For example, if you are working on a regional scale map and have a number of active
project areas (or a number of anomalies in one project area) you can use this tool to
quickly and easily zoom into your areas of interest.
How to Create a Snapshot
The Create Snapshot option can be found on the Map menu, Navigation Bar (
and various Map popup menus.
1. Zoom into an area of interest on your current map. Right-click and from the
popup menu select Create Snapshot. The Set Snapshot Name dialog is displayed.
2. Specify a descriptive name for your snapshot and click the [OK] button. The
and from the popup menu select Snapshots. A dynamic sub-menu will be
displayed listing all of the snapshots associated with the current map.
2. Select one of the previously created snapshots and your current map will be
and maps we will save and close this project. We will open this project to use again in
Tutorial 6: Imaging and Dynamic Linking.
Closing a project will save all of your project databases, maps and profiles, plus
information that tells the system whether you are working on a map or profile and the
state in which you left it the last time you used it.
T O C LOSE
P ROJECT
1. On the File menu, select Project and then select Close. The Save Modified
2. This dialog enables you to select All, None or Selected (highlighted) files. To
select more than one file at a time hold the <Shift> key to select consecutive files
or hold the <Ctrl> key to select individual files.
3. For this tutorial, click the [All] button to save all open databases, maps and grids
in the project.
Create a Project
In order to begin working in Oasis montaj you must have an open project. The
procedures below describe how to open a new project.
T O C REATE
N EW P ROJECT :
1. On the File menu, select Project and then select New. The New Project dialog is
displayed.
2. Specify a name and directory for the project. For example, name the project
Interp and specify the working directory as D:\Tutorial\cad. Oasis montaj will
automatically look for your data in the directory containing this project. Make
sure you copy the sample data file (mag.map, mag.grd and mag.GRD.gi) for
this tutorial to your project directory (D:\tutorial\cad).
3. Click [Save]. The system saves the project with the corresponding name.
the mag.map file in your project directory (C:\tutorial\cad). Click the [Open]
button to select the file.
2. The map which includes a geophysical grid will be displayed in the map window,
C:\tutorial\cad\mag.map
Note: If you would like to change the colour pallet of your grid to pastel, as shown
above, simply redisplay the mag.grd file using the Colour table as (pastel.tbl) or
while in Map Group Mode (click the (
from the popup menu select Image Colour tool. Using the Load from File icon ( ),
select the pastel.tbl from the \Oasis montaj\tbldirectory. Click [Open] and then
[OK] on the Image Colour tool, the grid will be displayed using the pastel colour
table. (Note, if the grid is not redrawn on closing the Image Colout Tool. click the
Redraw ( ) button on the Map Tools Bar, and the grid will be refreshed, displaying
the pastel colour table.
To select single items in the tree click on the item desired. Multiple selections of
groups within a view can be achieved by holding the <Ctrl> key and clicking on the
desired items. Changing the selection during group editing will end group editing
without cancelling any current changes.
The effect of a double click on any item depends on the state of the map. If in shadow
cursor mode the map will switch to either group or view selection mode and select the
item that was clicked upon. If the map is already in either of these selection modes a
double click has the same effect as hitting the
button or using the activate
shortcut key (default <Enter> key).
The group on the top layer (closest to the front) is listed first, followed by the next
layer behind it, followed by the rest of the layers to the bottom layer at the end of the
list. It is possible to control the render order in the tree by using the Drag n Drop
technology. The Drag n Drop capability enables you to move map groups up and
down within Views and also to move Views relative to each other.
R ENDERING O PTIONS
Check the Render images first box to render (draw) the images groups first.
Check the Auto-Redraw box to automatically redraw the map when a change is
made to it.
Click the Redraw button to redraw the map when changes are made to the groups
in the View/Group Manager and the Auto-Redraw option is off.
Frozen Scale
Click this button to freeze the scale of the currently selected map group,
independent of the view scale of the map. For example, when zooming in the text
size in a group will not grow but remain the same size on the screen.
Visible Scale
Click this button to set a scale range in which the currently selected Group will be
visible. For example, individual groups may be made visible only at specific
scales. Then, while zooming, if the map scale is outside the range, the group is
not drawn.
The View/Group Manager Tool is a modeless dialog, which means it can remain
open while you work on your map. It can be toggled on or off using the M hot key
and can even be docked on the side of your screen or at the top with the toolbars.
O THER T OOL O PTIONS
The other Tool options include moving, masking, transparency settings, editing and
deleting. All of the following properties require the licensed version.
Moveable
Check the Moveable box to enable the movement of the selected group on the
map using the cursor.
Masked to View
Check the Masked to View box to mask the selected view using the mask
applied to the View (Map Tools|Masking|Apply View Mask VIEWCLIP.GX).
This option enables you to apply a mask to selected groups within a View.
Mask to Group region
Using the Mask to Group region dropdown list, select the extended view
mask applied to the View (Map Tools|Masking|Add|Replace group mask in
view - VIEWEXTCLIP.GX).
This option enables you to save the mask into the map and activate it on
specific groups in the View.
Transparency
Check the Transparency box to enable the slider (Transparent - Opaque).
Move the slider to the transparency level wanted for the selected group.
Edit
Click the button to edit (or activate) the selected item.
Note: Double click on a group or view in a map or using the activate shortcut
key (default Enter-Key) will also activate the edit mode for that item. The edit
mode depends on the item; group edit mode for vector groups, image color
tool for images and color symbols and 3D Viewer for 3D views.
Delete
Click the Delete button to delete the selected View/Group.
Note: If you delete a group my mistake or make any other undesired changes,
you can click the Undo last map change ( ) button on the Standard Toolbar
or use the shortcut (Default Ctrl-Z) at any time to undo any changes and
revert to the original map.
N EW G ROUP :
1. On the Map Tools menu, select CAD Tools|New group. The Create a new empty
2. Using the View dropdown list, select (data) and in the New group name box,
The first method is to use the View/Group Manager Tool . This manager tool
provides a single dialog that enables you to switch between different groups, change
their properties (moveable, hidden, masked), and changing their layering order (move
groups to the front or back).
THE
1. First select the map you want to edit and make sure the Map Group Mode (
button is selected.
2. On the Map Tools Bar, select the View/Group Manager (
) button.
4. Click the [Edit] button and the group is selected and in edit mode on your map
End Editing.
M ETHOD 2
The second method of selecting and editing a group is to use the Mapping popup
menu. You may find this method quicker when you are editing and switching
between groups frequently.
QUICKLY
S ELECT
AND
E DIT
G ROUP
2. When you are done editing the group, right-click and from the popup menu, select
End Editing.
G ROUP
ON A
M AP :
1. First select the map you want to edit and make sure the Map Group Mode (
button is selected.
2. Click View/Group Manager tool button (
).
3. In the dialog box, highlight the group (AGG_mag) you want to hide and remove
the check box from the box directly infront of the icon.
.
4. Click [OK]. The grid on the map is hidden from view. To display the group
G ROUP :
1. First you must make sure the Moveable option is set for the group. There are two
The second method is to select the group in the map by clicking on the group
with the left mouse button. Then click the right mouse button. On the popup
menu, click Moveable.
2. Now place the cursor anywhere inside the group. The cursor will change into a set
of directional arrows ( ).
3. Holding down the left mouse button, drag the group in the direction you want to
move it.
Masking a Group
Masking a group involves using a polygon or rectangular mask file to make only a
specific area of a group visible. To mask a group, you must first create and apply a
mask to a view. You can then use this mask on specific groups in the view areas of
the group outside the mask. The following three procedures show you the steps to
create a mask, apply it to a view, and turn Masking on for a group.
T O C REATE
1. On the Database Tools menu, select Window Data, then select Create
Rectangular PLY file. The Define a rectangular plot mask dialog is displayed.
2. Click the [Interactive] button. The Define rectangle dialog box is displayed.
3. Use the mouse to draw a rectangle on the map (Mag.map). The Define a
rectanglular plot mask dialog is then displayed with the coordinates of the
rectangle, as shown in the dialog below.
4. Specify the mask file name as rectanglemask.ply and from the dropdown list
select inclusive. This means that when the mask is applied to a group, only
features inside the rectangle mask will be visible.
5. Click [New File] to save the mask file.
T O A PPLY
M ASK
TO A
V IEW :
1. On the Map Tools menu, select Masking, then select ApplyView Mask. The Reset
2. Using the Browse button, specify the Clip polygon file (.ply) as
(rectanglemask.ply) and select the Map view as Data. In the Clip all groups box,
select (no). This will set the Masking option to off for all other groups in the
view.
3. Click the [OK] button.
T O M ASK
G ROUP :
1. Select the map you want to edit and make sure the Map Group Mode (
) button
is selected.
2. Click View/Group Manager Tool button (
) button.
4. The map is redrawn to display only the section of the grid inside the mask.
5. You can also turn Masking on or off by selecting a group in a map, and on the
Map Tools menu, select Masking|Clear View Mask. The mask will be cleared
from the View.
TO I DENTIFY
L INEAR F EATURES :
to select (Interp).
4. To edit the selected group, right-click on the map and select Edit This Group from
) button.
line to start, and then move the mouse, clicking wherever you want to change
direction. When you are finished, right click and from the popup menu, select
Done.
7. Draw another polyline roughly parallel to the first (as shown below).
8. You can now connect other polylines to the ones you have just drawn. To do this
whether you want the new polyline from a location along the existing line or a
point on the line.
Note: To just draw a line and not connect it to a previous line, select Cancel and left
click to draw the line (as you did in step 2 for the first polyline).
centre.
11. When you move the cursor over a point or node along the line, the cursor changes
to a target symbol with the shaded circle indicating the location of the point.
12. To begin drawing a new polyline from this point, click left mouse button.
13. Move the cursor and click left button to define the shape of the line. Draw the
polyline so your last point is located just short of the second line (see below).
14. Click right mouse button. On the popup menu, click Snap to line. The cursor will
change to a circle. Use this cursor to search for a section of the line to connect to.
The Snap to line cursor works like this:
When the cursor is searching for a line to connect to, it looks like:
When the cursor finds a line it can connect to, it changes to:
15. Once you have the cursor on the line where you want it, click left mouse button to
insert a point.
16. Click right mouse button, and then select Done to finish drawing the line.
17. Repeat the previous steps to add more polylines to your map so that it looks
3. In the Thickness box, you can specify the line thickness in millimetres (0.1 is the
default).
4. To change the line colour, click on the Draw Colour box. A colour palette dialog
box. Double click in the Styled Line box to display the LineAttributes dialog box.
6. In the Pattern Family box you can select from a variety of different sets of
patterns (Standard Patterns, Fancy lines, Geology, Arrows, Slashes, and Shapes).
In the Pattern box, click on the pattern you would like to apply. You can also set
the pitch (which is the distance between the symbols or dashes in the line). Click
the [OK] button when you are finished.
7. Click Smooth check box to smooth the rough edges in the polyline into smooth
curves.
8. Click [OK] to apply the changes to the line or click [Cancel] to exit the dialog
FROM
L INES :
1. On the Map Tools menu, select CAD Tools|Create PLY File from Map Group.
(Data\Interp) and then in the Output polygon file box, specify the name of your
polygon file as (group_polygon.ply).
3. Click the [OK] button to create a polygon file from your lines in the selected
group.
4. To create fills for the closed polygons, on the Map Tools menu, select Create
Fills for Closed Polylines. The Create a polygon area group from a line group
dialog will be displayed.
5. The Line group to process box should contain the group of lines that you want to
convert to polygons.
6. The Use colours or patterns box has three options for shading polygons: colours,
create in the legend. The default is 10. You can edit these boxes later.
8. Select Yes to add a legend to the map. Click [OK] to continue.
9. Specify the legend settings in the Legend dialog box.
10. Click the [OK] button to create polygons and a legend similar to the map below.
E DITING P OLYGONS
AND
L EGEND B OXES :
1. You can edit both polygons and their associated legend boxes in the same way.
While you are in Map Group Mode, move the cursor to the polygon or box you
want to edit and double-click the left mouse button. The Polygon Attributes
dialog box is displayed.
2. To change the fill colour, click on the Colour box. A colour palette dialog box is
displayed for you to choose a colour. To turn line colouring off (i.e. make the line
invisible) remove the check mark from the Filled check box. You can select a line
colour the same way using the Draw Edge | Colour box instead.
3. To change the fill pattern, make sure there is a check mark in Fill pattern check
box. Double-click in the Pattern box to display the Pattern Attributes dialog.
4. In the Pattern Family box you can select from three different sets of patterns
(Objects, Hatches or Solid Fill). In the Pattern box, click on the pattern you
would like to apply.
5. You can also set the Tile Size and Tile Density, which changes the space between
the pattern symbols and the Line Thickness (% of Tile Size), which changes the
size of the individual pattern symbols. Click the [Refresh] button to see what the
pattern will look like in the example box.
6. Click the [OK] button when you are finished selecting a pattern or click [Cancel]
polygon or click [Cancel] to exit the dialog without making any changes.
Button
Cursor
C OLOUR
FROM ONE
P OLYGON
TO
Button
Cursor
A NOTHER :
).
2. To get a colour (and pattern) from a polygon, place the eyedropper cursor over
the polygon containing the colour you want and click left mouse button.
3. The cursor will change to a bucket (
Description
Edit Vertices. Use this tool to edit the vertices of a previously
created polygon.
Add Vertices. Use this tool to add new vertices to a polygon.
Delete Vertices. Use this tool to delete vertices from a polyon.
Add New Rectangular Island. Use this tool to add a new
rectangular Island to a previously created polygon.
Add New Polygon Island. Use this tool to add a new polygon
Island to a previously created polygon.
Add New N-Sided Polygon Island. Use this tool to draw a new
N-sided polygon Island to a previously created polygon.
Add New Rectangular Hole. Use this tool to add a new
rectangular Hole to a previously created polygon Island.
Add New Polygon Hole. Use this tool to add a new polygon
Hole to a previously created polygon Island.
Add New N-Sided Polygon Hole. Use this tool to draw a new
N-sided polygon Hole to a previously created polygon
Island.
Cycle to Previous Hole/Island. Use this tool to cycle (switch)
to the previous Hole or Island.
Cycle to Next Hole/Island. Use this tool to cycle (switch) to
the next Hole or Island.
Delete Current Hole/Island. Use this tool to delete the current
Hole or Island.
THE
2. While holding your cursor over your map, right click and from the Map Edit
popup menu select, Edit This Group. The group will now be in Edit mode (you
will see a box with hatch marks around the group, this is a visual clue that you are
in Edit mode).
3. Select the Polygon that you want to edit and then right click and from the Map
Edit popup menu you can now select Edit Vertices. The vertices on your map
will change from grey to white.
TO
ADD ADDITIONAL
V ERTICES
ON A POLYGON :
1. While in Edit mode, select Edit Vertices from the Map Edit popup menu.
2. Place your cursor, between two vertices on the polygon, where you want to place
the new vertices. Press and hold the + key on your Number Keypad (note that, a
plus sign (
3. While holding down the + key, use your mouse to select the location for the
new vertices.
4. Or, you can select the Add Vertices button on the Polygon Edit Bar. Your cursor
will change to a cross-hair and it will be linked to the polygon lines. Left-click to
add new vertices to the polygon.
TO
1. While in Edit mode, select Edit Vertices from the Map Edit popup menu.
2. Place your cursor on the vertices you want removed. Press and hold the - key
on your Number Keypad (note that, a vertices selection box and a minus sign
are added to your cursor).
3. While holding down the - key, use your mouse to select the vertices to be
removed.
4. Or, you can select the Delete Vertices button on the Polygon Edit Bar. Your
cursor will change (vertices selection box and a minus sign added). Left-click to
delect vertices from the polygon.
BETWEEN
M APS :
1. On the first map, select the entire map, a view or a group you want to copy.
To select the entire map, make sure you are in the normal cursor tracing
mode by clicking the Shadow Cursors button (
).
presented with a dialog that lets you choose the view that you want to paste the
information into.
Use the Clipboard to create a Montage Map or Poster
At times, you may want to make a single map that contains separate data views from
multiple map presentations. This is often called a montage. Each data view may show
different data for the same map area. This can be done using the cut and paste feature
of Oasis Montaj as follows:
T O C REATE
M ONTAGE M AP
1. Create separate maps of all the different data sets that you want to show together
on your montage.
2. Create a new empty map that will be the montage. It is easiest to create this map
by duplicating an existing map without its contents. From the Map menu, select
Duplicate map and specify a new map name and make the contents blank. The
blank map that is created will be your montage map.
3. Go to a map that contains data and select the data by changing to the Map View
On the dialog that is presented, choose the Same scale at offset option and
specify a location at which to place the view on the montaj map. You can also
simply move the view after pasting.
5. Repeat steps 3. and 4 for each data view to be placed on the montaj map.
When working with a montage map, you can also turn on the Map/Snap mode to limit
the location of moved items to an even increment from the map origin. This helps you
to exactly line up map views vertically and horizontally. Use the Map/Snap
resolution option to specify the smallest increment to use for moving views.
You might also choose to create your montage map from the entire contents of other
maps, including their base views. To do this, choose Copy map to clipboard instead
of Copy in step 3. In step 4, always choose to offset the location of the inserted
views as required. This is because once inserted, only individual views can be
selected and moved on the map and it is difficult to move all map views and keep the
alignment between views.
Using the Clipboard to paste a picture from another application on a
Map
You can use the clipboard to paste an image onto a map from another application that
can copy Enhanced Metafile Format (EMF) or Bitmap information to the clipboard.
For example, you might create marginal notes for your map in Word for Windows.
This information can be selected and copied to the clipboard, where it will be in EMF
format (among others). This information can then be pasted on your map, sized and
located as you like.
T O P ASTE
P ICTURE
FROM ANOTHER
A PPLICATION
TO A
M AP :
1. In the other program, select the graphical information and copy it to the clipboard
(in Word, just select the text, or in PowerPoint, select a slide or an object on a
slide).
2. In Oasis montaj, select the map you want to paste the graphic into.
3. Click on the right-mouse button and select paste. You will be presented with a
dialog that lets you choose the view that you want to paste the information into
G RID I MAGE
ON A
1. In Oasis montaj, display the grid in a data view and add whatever other graphics
PowerPoint.
3. Click on the right-mouse button and select Copy (or press Ctrl-Insert).
4. In PowerPoint, create a new slide, or open the slide to receive the picture.
5. In PowerPoint, on the Edit menu, click Paste Special. This will display a dialog
box enabling you to choose the format that you want to use to paste the image.
Choose Picture (Enhanced Metafile).
Note: You can use the same procedure in almost any Microsoft application. Other
applications that support pasting of Enhanced Metafile or Bitmap information
will have a similar procedure.
P ROJECT
1. On the File menu, click Close|Project. The Save Modified Documents dialog box
is displayed.
2. Click the [All] button to save all open databases in your project. (Maps are always
P ROJECT
1. On the File menu, select Project and then select Open. The Open Project dialog
box is displayed.
2. Select the GeoDemo.gpf file and click the [Open] button. The project is open
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Display and then select Colour-Shaded Grid.
2. Click the [Browse] button to select the Grid name (tfmag.grd). For the Shading
effect select Normal (RGB) from the drop down menu. Accept the default
parameters for the Colour table, Colour method, Illumination inclination and
Illumination declination.
Note: The illumination inclination and illumination declination simply means the
sun illumination angles.
3. Click the [New Map] button. The Map Exists dialog is displayed.
4. This is a safety feature built into the system to make sure that you that you do not
overwrite your tfmag.map. Click the [No] button so that you do not overwrite
your current map. The system prompts you for a New map name.
5. Type the name of the new map as tfmag_shaded.map. Click the [OK] button.
The system will create a colour-shaded image from the grid file tfmag.grd and
place the image in a new map window called tfmag_shaded.map.
THE I MAGE
C OLOUR T OOL :
).
3. Since there is only a colour shaded image in this map and no other groups, click
on the map once with the left mouse button to have the system select the map.
You will notice that the cursor has changed to show that it is in the Map Group
Mode.
4. Right click while your have the grid selected and from the popup menu selct
Image Colout Tool. The Image Colour Tool dialog is displayed. This dialog
shows the data distribution relative to the colour table (colour.tbl) selected
earlier.
T O M ANIPULATE
THE
1. Press and hold your left mouse button on the left or right arrows at the top corners
of transform box. This will expand or contract your view of the transform in the
window.
compress and stretch through the data range. The percentile value is displayed on
the right-hand side of the colour tool bar. Also notice how the colour values
change at the same time on your tfmag_shaded.map.
Click the [Reset] button (
T O A CTIVATE
THE I NTERACTIVE
5. Move the Shadow Tool dialog box so that its not blocking the map.
6. Click the [DynaShade] button. Your cursor will turn into a sun icon (
).
move your mouse around the image, the sun illumination will change relative to
the centre of your map window.
Note: The illumination is relative to the centre of the map window and not the centre
of the image.
8. To save your new sun angles, release your mouse button and click the [Stop]
button, then click the [OK] button.
9. The system returns you to the Image Colour Tool dialog box.
10. Click the [OK] button to save your changes.
AND / OR
Grid File.
3. Click the [OK] button. The grid is copied and/or converted as specified.
Note:
For more information on copying and /or converting grid files, click the Help
(
AND
M AP D ATA:
Desktop linking enables you to place a special Link cursor on one or more maps and
locate a specific part of the data.
1. Make sure only tfmag_shaded.map and the database tfmag.gdb are open in your
project (do not remove them from your project, just close the map, grid and
database windows of the other items).
2. On the Window menu, click Tile Vertically. The system arranges your database
button on the Map Editing toolbar. ( ). You can tell a button is activated
because it will appear to be depressed more than the other buttons on the toolbar.
4. Click on a value in the database or on a point in the profile view, and you see that
the Link cursor (large black cross) moves to the same location on the map. This
type of linking enables you to quickly identify discrete anomalies on a map and
view their corresponding values in the database.
5. You can display multiple maps and use this function to locate and visualize the
same anomaly locations for different data types. It is quite useful for quality
control (searching for anomalous noise spikes, for example) and for multiparameter interpretation.
Dynamic
Data Linking
C USTOM B ASE M AP :
1. On the Map Tools menu, select Base map and then select Mapplot Control
File|From Control File. The MAPPLOT control file and load on current map
dialog is displayed.
2. Click the [Browse] button and select the Control file name, (Map04.con). From
the Draw to dropdown list select a new map. We can leave the Match strings
blank, for more information on match string, click the Help (
3. Click the [OK] button and the New map dialog is displayed.
) button.
map with the basemap based on the Mapplot control file (map04.con) is
displayed.
5. The control file Map04.con is shown below. To view the control file, on the Edit
menu, select Edit a file. Click the [Browse] button to locate the control file. The
four letter commands (for example, SURR) are all described in the help for the
MAPPLOT GX. This file accesses several text files for legend information:
survey.leg and mag.leg. It also places three images on the map: a Geosoft format
grid file, map04mag.grd; a TIF file, omontaj.tif (Oasis montaj logo); and a JPG
file, indexmap.jpg.
MDFF map04.mdf
DATT s1=kt100
DATT s2=kt200
DATT s3=kt500
DATT t1=kt100
DATT t2=kt200
DATT t3=kt300
MGRP Surround,0,0
SURR s3,0.15,s1
DATT s1
map.PRJ
llgrid=kt050
-3,0.05,0.0230
,,0.5,,,-1
,,0.5
DATT
RECT
MGRP
SCAL
SCAL
s1
12
Scale_Bar,0,0
1,6,2,,ft,,,,1
1,6,3,,mt
MGRP North_Arrow,0,0
NARR 9,-6,-4,0.0,4,s2,80.3,23.4
MGRP Index_Map,0,0
RECT 3,-10,7,-2.65,15
TEXT 3,-9.8,7.2,-1,"Index Map - Topography"
s1,,,,,TI
RECT 3,-8,10,-6,13
s3
TEXT 3,-8.2,9.7,-1,"Survey Area"
s1,,,,,TI
MGRP Color_Bar,0,0
CBAR 6,-14,-8,1.2,0.6,s1
mag.agg,,,,-1
"Magnetics"
"[nT]"
DATT s1
MGRP Legends,0,0
TXTB 3,-6,20,0,,mag.leg
s1
TXTB 3,-10,30,-1,,survey.leg
s1
MGRP Titles,0,0
TITL 3,0,0,12
a,"Goldhunter",0,t2,.4
b,"Total Field Magnetics",0,t3,.3
b,"Northern Province",0,t2,.3
b,"Canada",0,t2,.3
MGRP
AGGR
MGRP
AGGR
MGRP
AGGR
start of a line changes the line to a comment. If a line has this type of character
you can add any text for your informational purposes. Add a forward slash
character / to the following lines at the end of the file.
/MGRP IndexMap,0,0
/AGGR 3,-10,7,36,15,1
/
AGG_indexmap
indexmap.jpg(IMG;t=jpg)
substituting map04_no-index-map.con for the control file name, and map04_noindex-map.map for the map name. The indexmap JPG image (brown topographic
map) will be missing.
10. Try other modifications. Click the Help (
or the
We will create a script file using the script file record option. This operation writes a
script file (*.GS) by recording each GX that you run during this session until you
stop script recording (from the GX menu). The resulting (*.GS) file contains
sufficient parameter and database information to run the selected GXs in the same
sequence. We will try this by recording a script of three different GXs - create a map
using MAPPLOT, add line path, and add line profiles - then run the file.
For more information on using Scripts, see the Creating Scripts In Oasis montaj
Technical Note, available online at: www.geosoft.com/resources/technotes/
T O C REATE
S CRIPT F ILE :
1. On the GX menu, select Scripting |Record Script. The Create Script File dialog is
displayed.
2. Specify a File name (Script_map) and then click the [Save] button.
3. On the Map Tools menu, select Base Map|MAPPLOT control file and then select
control file map04.con. Then, from the Draw to dropdown list, select a new
map.
5. Click the [OK] button and the New map dialog will be displayed.
6. Specify a New map name as (Script_map), and click the [OK] button and the
dialog box. The default settings will be used for this tutorial. Click the [OK]
button.
8. On the Map Tools menu, select Profile. The Profile plot dialog is displayed.
9. Specify magedited from the dropdown menu for the profile channel, 50 units/mm
for the profile scale and 5000 for the profile base. Specify blue from the
dropdown menu for the line colour. Click the [OK] button.
10. On the GX menu, click Stop recording.... The system stops recording your
actions. All of your actions were recorded and saved to the script_map.gs file.
11. On the Edit menu, click Edit a File. The Edit file dialog is displayed.
12. Click the [Browse] button and select the file Script_map.gs as the File you wish
to open to view the Script parameters that you just created. Click the [OK] button
and the system opens up the file in your default text editor.
Below is the Script_map.GS file. The three GXs that were recorded are shown
beside the GX command: MAPPNEW, PATH, and PROFILE. For information about
the scripting commands, please use the Help system and look under script commands.
/-------------------------------------------------------/ LOG OPENED : Wed Mar 17 00:55:00 2004
custom base map, line path, and magedited profiles in the colour chosen.
14. Close script_map.map, as we will be re-creating it by running the script.
15. On the GX menu, click Run Script. The system displays the Run a script with
16. Click the [Browse] button and select the Script file you wish to run
(Script_map.gs). Click the [OK] button. The system will begin to process the GS
file containing the three GXs you recorded and display the map for you.
17. As an additional exercise, try modifying a parameter in the GS and run it again.
N EW D ATABASE :
1. On the Database menu, select New Database. The Create New Database dialog is
displayed.
2. Specify a New database name (geochem.gdb). Click the [OK] button.
3. The system creates a new database with the database name that you specified and
opens a Spreadsheet window with empty Channel Header and Data cells
T O I MPORT D ATA I NTO A S ECOND D ATABASE :
1. On the Database menu, select Import and then click Geosoft XYZ.
2. The system displays the Import XYZ data dialog box.
3. Click the [Browse] button and select the geochem.xyz file located in your
Tutorial directory. Make sure the Import Template box is blank and click the
[Template] button.
4. The system displays the Import dialog box with the name of the file you are
5. Highlight the Z1 channel, and in the Output Channel box change the Name from
Z1 to As. Repeat this procedure with the remaining Z* channels so that the
channels have names as shown below.
6. Click the [OK] button to return to the Import XYZ data dialog box. A temporary
import template file (default.i0) is created with the settings you specified. Click
the [OK] button to import the data.
7. An Import XYZ progress dialog box will be displayed on the screen while the
system imports the data into the database. The imported data should look like the
picture below.
F ORMULA TO
THE
D ATABASE :
1. Select (highlight) the first empty channel header cell, then right click and from the
system creates a new channel in the database and displays it in the spreadsheet
window.
3. Click three times on the Log_As channel header cell to highlight the entire
channel.
4. Press the [=] key from the keyboard to activate the formula bar at the bottom left
hand corner of your screen and type Log10 (As) then press the [Enter] key from
the keyboard.
5. The system applies the formula to the channel as shown below.
6. On the Database menu, select Save Database Changes to save your changes.
7. The Save Changes dialog is displayed, click [Yes] to continue.
M AP
button to have the system query the geochem database for the data ranges and
report the Minimum X,Y and Maximum X,Y coordinates.
4. Click the [Next] button. The system displays the Create a New Map dialog box.
Enter a Map name (geochem.map) and from the Map Template dropdown list,
select (Portrait A4).
5. Click the [Scale] button. The system automatically chooses a scale that will fit the
data on the map template. Just remember to round the scale to a more efficient
number (e.g. 75000).
6. Click the [Finish] button to open a new blank map.
Note:
If no scale is specified, a scale will be chosen which will fit all of the data
within the chosen map sheet.
The most basic type of symbol plotting in Oasis montaj is to draw location plot
symbols on a map for all data points in the database.
1. Select (highlight) the geochem.map.
2. On the Map Tools menu, select Symbols and then select Location Plot.
ON A
M AP :
Assay data values can be posted next to sample locations on your map.
1. On the Map Tools menu, select Posting. The Post data values on a map dialog is
displayed.
2. Specify the parameters for posting the data as shown above. Click the [OK]
parameters as shown above. The symbol Scale factor value indicates how many
data units are represented by a 1mm wide symbol. For example, if you specify
that the scale is 1000 then a symbol, which has a data value of 20000, is plotted
20 mm wide.
4. Click the [Symbol] button and the Symbol Attributes dialog is displayed.
5. Select the Symbol as a (circle) and then select (check) the Fill box to enable the
Fill Colour box and select the colour as (red). When you are satisfied with your
symbol attributes, click the [OK] button to close the dialog and then click the
[OK] button again on the Proportional size symbols dialog to display the symbols
on your map.
Note: If you specify a base value, the value is subtracted from the data before
calculating the symbol sizes. Any negative values that are left after
subtracting the base are not plotted.
You may wish to create a new map (geochem2.map) at a scale of about 75000 at this
point since the map above already has many symbols plotted on it.
1. On the Map Tools menu, select Symbols and then select Zone Coloured. The
2. Select As as the Data channel and specify the rest of the plotting parameters as
shown above. Click the [OK] button. The system displays the Colour Symbol
Tool dialog box.
3. You can select the Log Distribution and if you are satisfied with the colour
distribution click the [OK] button. The system plots the zone coloured symbols
on the map.
The Colour Range Symbols are the most flexible of the entire symbol tools collection.
It allows for different ranges of data to be plotted using different symbols, colours
and sizes.
1. Create a new map (geochem3.map) at a scale of 75000.
2. On the Map Tools menu, select Symbols and then select Colour Range Symbol.
3.
6. Specify the extent of each range by entering the maximum value for each range as
8. Specify the desired symbol shape for each range. In this example, circles were
[Colours] button. The system displays the Specify Fill Colours dialog box.
.
12. Choose the colours for the 5 levels and click the [OK] button to return to the
on the map. A close up picture of the range classified gold samples is shown
below. The large yellow circles represent those samples that were greater than
100ppm.
This is a very useful tool. As an exercise, try using different symbols to classify the
range of the Cu data.
When you use classified symbols, you will most likely create a legend showing the
symbol colours and size ranges used on the map.
1. On the Map Tools menu, select Symbols and then select Colour Range Symbol
2. Click the [Locate] button. The Locate Legend dialog is displayed. Click the [OK]
button and your mouse will turn into a crosshair. Position the cursor on the map
where you want the lower left corner of the legend to be located and click left
mouse button.
3. The system redisplays the Classified Symbol Legend dialog box with the X and Y
4. Specify a Title for Legend Au (ppm) and click the [Plot] button. The system plots
Note 1: When you select this option, the system automatically records the
colour, symbol and size settings you specified when creating the range
classified symbols. This makes generating a legend easy.
Note 2: This option is also used for plotting legends for the zoned colour
symbols where a (*.ITR) file must be specified. A (*.ITR) file is created when
the zoned colour symbols are plotted. The default name is the channel-name.itr,
e.g. Au.itr.
5.
Experiment with the data you have generated so far by creating a map displaying
the As.grd grid you just created with proportional size symbols displayed as
well. This map will allow you to compare two ways of processing your data and
the validity of both. The following map shows an example of what such a map
would look like.
Suitable for highly sampled data surveyed along regular lines. Can work well
with potential field geophysical data.
2. Random
Suitable for randomly oriented data with a relatively large number of samples.
Can work well with geochemical data from comprehensive regional and local
surveys.
3. Kriging
Suitable for clustered data in which clusters are characterized by a relatively large
number of samples and may be widely spaced. Can work well with geochemical
data from stream sediment surveys and similarly sampled data.
4. Tinning
Suitable for randomly oriented data with a relatively large number of samples, or
clustered data in which clusters are characterized by a relatively large number of
samples and may be widely spaced. Can work well with geochemical data.
Based on these very general criteria, random gridding and kriging are the optimal
methods for statistical data such as that from geochemical surveys. Since
geochemical data are statistical in nature and have a high range from sample to
sample, it may also be appropriate to reduce the range of data through standard
processing (i.e. application of a logarithmic transform).
In this brief tutorial, we provide an overview of kriging and describe how to select an
initial model (variogram, or more strictly, a semi-variogram) for creating a grid.
Selecting a variogram model is the key to obtaining high-quality results the actual
gridding process is relatively routine. We also provide summaries of how to apply
kriging in Oasis montaj and create a map of your final results.
Kriging Quick Overview
This statistical gridding method uses the method of Kriging to determine a value at
each grid node based on the located data you provide. A significant by-product of
Kriging is the ability to estimate the error of the data at each grid node.
In Kriging, the approach is to first calculate a variogram of the data, which shows the
correlation of the data as a function of distance. Simply speaking, the further apart the
data points become, the less correlation we expect between points. A variogram
shows this phenomena for a given dataset, and based on the variogram, you are able
to select a model that best defines the variance of the data. There are five types of
variograms you can generate in the system, including:
Power
Sphere
Gaussian
Exponential
User-defined
The technique of Kriging uses the model you select to estimate the data values at the
nodes of the grid. In geochemical applications, the sphere and gaussian model are
typically most effective. The spherical model is mathematically simpler and we
typically recommend this model as your starting point. Advanced users may want to
experiment with gaussian and user-defined variogram models.
Geosoft supports ordinary Kriging as well as universal Kriging. Universal Kriging
differs from ordinary Kriging in that it allows the data to contain a regional trend. For
a more in-depth understanding of geostatistical analysis and Kriging, refer to Mining
Geostatistics written by A.G. Journel and C.J. Huijbregts, 1978.
Importing Data for Kriging
For the purpose of this tutorial, we provide a specific dataset called krigsample.csv.
This dataset contains clustered data suitable for this method.
T O I MPORT S AMPLE D ATA:
1. Create a new database and call it Kriging.gdb.
2. On the Database menu, select Import and then select Geosoft XYZ. The Import
3. Using the XYZ data file [Browse] button, locate the krigsample.xyz file. Accept
User-defined
T O C ALCULATE
V ARIOGRAM M ODEL :
In this procedure, we will use the default model (linear) to simply generate a
variogram of our data that we can then use to select the optimal variogram model and
parameters.
2. Complete the entries as shown above and then click the [Advanced>] button. The
3. In the Name of output variogram file box, specify (Cu). We will leave the
In this example, we see a variogram based on the data with a linear model
superimposed. The variogram shows the anticipated increase in variability as distance
increases. At the right end, it may appear to decrease but this is usually the result of
too few pairs for the statistics to be valid. Normally the variogram reaches a point
(sill value) at which the semivariance plateaus. The corresponding h value is called
the range value beyond this distance there is no similarity in samples.
We also see a plot of sample pairs. This latter plot shows how many sets of samples
occur within specified distances of each other this curve may help you to refine
your variogram in the selection of the data points used to visualize your model curve.
Here, most of the data occurs within 10 000 m and data beyond this point should not
be given as high an emphasis when building your variogram.
Selecting Variogram Model and Parameters
Selecting a model and parameters is the toughest part of your kriging decision and
requires considerable experience. Typically, you would use kriging to grid data
within clusters accurately and then truncate the model between clusters so that
clusters do not affect the gridding of neighbouring clusters. In this application, data
integrity is maintained both within and between clusters and you can examine the
error grid to verify that this effect is maintained.
For a spherical model, typically you will have the following values:
Nugget (starting value): The nugget is the average error in each data point, and is
indicated by the intersection of the variogram model with the h=0 axis. The
default is 0 indicating that there are no repeated samples.
Sill: This is the value corresponding to the point at which the variogram becomes
uncorrelated and reaches its plateau point (or goes flat).
Range/Slope: The range is the distance at which the variogram model reaches
the sill value. Beyond the range, the data is uncorrelated.
T O S ELECT
V ARIOGRAM M ODEL :
1. After displaying the starting linear model, evaluate the data and verify that the
Specify the Range/Slope value from inspection of the variogram and pairs
graphs (4000)
Specify the Nugget value from inspection of the variogram and pairs graphs
(0.06)
Specify the Sill value from inspection of the variogram and pairs graphs (0.16)
4. Click the [Variogram Only] button. The Cu_spherical_variogram.VAR is
plotted and displayed in your current project.
5. You are now ready to grid the data using the model.
THE
D ATA:
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding and then select Kriging. The
2. Select the Cu Channel to grid and the Name of new grid file as Cu.grd. Click the
3. The system displays the Kriging dialog box. Specify the information as shown
above and click the [<Back] button to return to the Kriging dialog.
4. Click the [OK] button to grid the data and display it in a map window in your
current project.
Your completed map containing the Krigrid data should look something like this:
WITH
C OLOUR A U :
1. Open the geochem.gdb database and the tfmag.map map. (Note: if your
tfmag.map does not have all these groups (path, profile etc.) you will not need to
hide them. However, if your tfmag.map does not have a base map add this now.)
2. Click the View/Group Manager button (
coordinates group.
.
3. On the Grid and Image menu, click Display grid and then click 2-grid composite.
4. The system displays the Display 2.grid composite on map dialog box. Specify the
parameters for the dialog box as shown below (if you do not already have an
As.grd file, create one using minimum curvature gridding).
5. Click the [Current Map] button. This procedure loads the grey-shaded image of
the total field magnetics, plus a colour image of the gold channel, As. The map
appears as follows:
and Pb channels from the geochem.gdb database. If you have not already gridded
this data please do so now using the minimum curvature gridding method.
Manager button (
3. On the Grid and Image menu, click Display grid and then click Ternary image.
4. The Ternary colour image dialog is displayed. Enter the parameters for this
5. Click the [Current Map] button. The system processes and displays the ternary
image of the Pb-Au-Cu grids, using Red-Cyan for Pb, Green-Magenta for Au,
and Blue-Yellow for Cu.
6. On the Grid and Image menu, click Display grid and then click Ternary legend.
8. The system displays the Locate Legend dialog box. Click the [OK] button and
9. The system creates and displays the ternary legend on you map.
The Datum (or ellipsoid) to use (i.e. WGS 84 / UTM zone 44N) and local
datum to use.
Important Note:
When you define (or modify) a projection the coordinates of
the data (database, grid or map view) remain unchanged. This
process only sets the projection label. However, when you
reproject data into another coordinate system the numerical
representation of the coordinates will change.
Define X, Y channels
Once your data has been successfully imported into Oasis montaj you can set the
coordinate system and projection information for your database.
One of the first steps in setting a projection is defining your X and Y channels. (This
can be done during the import process, or will be automatically set if your coordinate
channels are called X and Y by default.) Note that, you cannot create a map until your
X and Y channels are defined.
In Oasis montaj we have introduced "current" X and Y (and Z) channels. This
feature enables users to select the channels that they would like to use as the current
X and Y (and Z) channels (for example, East, North, and Relative Level).
Markers have been added to the channel header to indicate which channels are
currently defined to be the "current" X, Y (and Z) channels. The markers are little
rectangles on the right side of the header cell, and contain "x", "y" (or "z") in reversed
display (like the triangle protection symbol on the left).
When you alter the current coordinate channels, these markers change too. Normally,
users will just get "x" and "y", but if you have a "Z" channel it will get the "z". The
"z" will be used in Wholeplot databases, where DH_EAST = "x", DH_NORTH = "y"
and DH_RL = "z".
Note:
All grids, maps, and databases derived from a database that has projection
information attached to it, will also include the projection information.
T O D EFINE X
AND
CHANNELS :
1. When you first import your data, your X and Y coordinate channels may be called
Coordinates menu item. The Set current X, Y channels dialog box is displayed.
seen by the inverse x and y on the right side of the channel header cell.
YOU BEGIN
To define a projection, you must know the type of projection that is used for the data.
If the wrong projection type is specified, Oasis montaj may return strange results or
take an unusually long time to process the data.
A projection can be defined from any pair of channels in a database. These two
channels must contain coordinate information. Normally, the X and Y coordinate
channels are used. Users can define projection from any of the following sources:
a.
Projected (x,y)
b.
Geographic (long,lat)
c.
No Projection
d.
Copy from channel
e.
Copy from a grid
f.
Geosoft PRJ file (projection file)
g.
ESRI projection files (PRJ).
h.
Geosoft warp file
Setting a Projected (x,y) projection to a database
You would use the Projected (x,y) projection if your database coordinates are in a
known projected coordinate system, such as UTM, or some other map-based
projection.
T O S ET
FOR
D ATABASE C HANNELS :
3. Select the X and Y coordinate channels that you will use to set the projection, and
select Set as current X,Y? as Yes, then click the [Projection] button. The
Coordinate System dialog is displayed. This dialog displays the current projection
information for the database. If the database contains no projection information,
the Unknown radio button is selected in the Coordinate System section of the
dialog.
6. Use this dialog to copy a coordinate system from another file. The file types
(Projected (x,y)) radio button to set the projection reference system. The
appropriate dialog parameters will become enabled.
Projection method. Note that, the Local datum transform dropdown list provides
all the local datum transforms, which apply to the selected Datum.
9. For our tutorial data, select the following coordinate system parameters:
Datum: NAD 27
Local datum transform: [NAD 27] (8m) Cnaada (Northwest Territories;
Nunavut; Saskatchewan
Projection Method: Alaska CS27 zone 7
Note:
If the projection method you want to use does not exist, but you know the
parameters for it, you can click the Projection method dropdown menu ( ),
which along with displaying the Projection method information includes a
[New] button that displayes the New Projection Method dialog.
11. You will note that the Length units have been set to match the units used by the
projection, in our case (US survey foot) and should not usually be changed.
12. You can use the dropdown menus (
13. If all the projection settings are correct, click [OK] to apply the projection.
SET A
FOR A
D ATABASE :
1. Open a Database that contains at least two channels with geographic coordinate
information (long, lat). For example, create a new database (projtest.gdb) and
then import the XYZ data (projtest.xyz). Using the Edit Channel dialog rename
the East and North channels to Longitude and Latitude, remembering to specify
the display Format as (Geographic), as shown below:
If your Longitude, Latitude channels display double astricks (**), that only
indicates that the channels are too narrow to display the data. Widen the
channels and the data will be properly displayed.
2. On the Coordinates menu, click Set Projection. The system displays the
Georeference database channels dialog box.
Note:
3. Select the X and Y coordinate channels that you will use to set the projection
(Note that, in this case the selected X, Y coordinate pair are called Longitude and
Latitude) and then click the [Projection] button. The Coordinate System dialog
is displayed.
select the (Geographic (long,lat)) radio button to set the projection reference
system. The appropriate dialog parameters will become enabled.
6. Using the dropdown lists you can select the Datum and Local datum transform.
Note that, the Local datum transform dropdown list provides all the local datum
transforms, which apply to the selected Datum.
7. For our tutorial data, select the following coordinate system parameters:
Datum: NAD 27
Local datum transform: [NAD 27] (8m) Cnaada (Northwest Territories;
Nunavut; Saskatchewan
8. Your Coordiante System dialog should now look like the following:
9. You will note that the Length units have been set to match the units used by the
11. If all the projection settings are correct, click [OK] to apply the projection.
OR
D EFINE
THE
M AP P ROJECTION
OF A
G RID :
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Properties. The Grid Properties dialog is
displayed.
3. Click the [Modify] button to display the Modify Grid Properties dialog. This
dialog displays the information that is used to locate the grid in a real coordinate
system. Note that, changing anything in this dialog will have the effect of moving
or changing the apparent size of the grid when displayed on a map.
4. Click the [CoordSys] button to modify (or define) the map coordinate system of
projection information for the grid. As this grid has no projection information set,
the Unknown radio button is selected.
6. Whenever you work with projections in Oasis montaj, the projection information
for the current database, grid, or view is displayed in this dialog box. When the
fields in any dialog box are shaded grey, you can only view the information. If the
dialog box fields are white, you may edit the values.
7. Using the Coordinate system radio buttons, select the coordinate reference system
for the data. In this case, as the data in our grid is organized by Longitude,
Latitude locations we will select the (Geographic (long,lat)) radio button to set
the projection reference system. The appropriate dialog parameters will become
enabled.
8. Using the dropdown lists you can select the Datum and Local datum transform.
Note that, the Local datum transform dropdown list provides all the local datum
transforms, which apply to the selected Datum.
9. For our tutorial data, select the following coordinate system parameters:
Datum: NAD 27
Local datum transform: [NAD 27] (8m) Cnaada (Northwest Territories;
Nunavut; Saskatchewan
10. Your Coordiante System dialog should look like the dialog above.
11. . You will note that the Length units have been set to match the units used by the
13. If all the projection settings are correct, click [OK] and the Modify Grid
Properties dialog will again be displayed. Click the [OK] button to apply the
changes to the grid file and the Grid Properties dialog will be displayed. Click the
[Exit] button to close the dialog.
M AP P ROJECTION
FOR A
N EW M AP
FROM
X,Y
1. The first step is to create a new map using the projection coordinates from an
existing database or grid. On the Map Tools menu, select New Map|New map
from x,y. The Data range to map dialog will be displayed.
2. This dialog shows the data range (coordinate), units and projection information
from the last projection that was used. To change the projection information, you
will need to scan an existing database or grid for the projection and coordinate
information.
To scan a database for the data range and projection information:
a. Click the [Scan Data] button.
b. The system will scan the current database open in your project.
c. The system will re-display the Data Range to Map dialog box showing the
new data range, coordinate information and projection information obtained
from the database.
To scan a grid for the data range and projection information:
a. Click the [Scan Grid] button.
b. The system will prompt you to specify a grid file that contains projection
information.
c. Select a grid file, and click [OK].
d. The system will display the Data Range to Map dialog box showing the new
data range, coordinate information and projection information obtained from
the grid.
3. Click the [Projection] button to view the projection information. The Coordinate
System dialog is displayed. This dialog will display the known projection
information as defined in the scanned database or grid file. The example below
shows the projection information for a map containing no projection information.
5. Once the projection has been defined, the Coordinates System dialog will display
the projection information. Note to display the Datum, Local datum transform and
Projection method details, as shown below, click the dropdown menus (
).
6. If all the projection settings are correct, click [OK] to apply the projection and the
7. Click the [Next>] button to continue. The Create a New Map dialog box will be
displayed.
8. Specify a Map name for the new map. You can also select a Map template to use
for your map layout. To automatically calculate the map scale, click the [Scale]
button.
9. The default scale that will fit the defined data range to the specified template will
be displayed. You can modify this value to a more appropriate scale (e.g. 60000).
10. Click the [Finish] button when you are done. The system will create a new
M AP P ROJECTION
FOR A
N EW M AP
1. The first step is to create a new map using the projection coordinates from an
existing database or grid. On the Map Tools menu, select New Map|New map
from lat,long. The Data range to map dialog will be displayed.
2. This dialog shows the data range (coordinates), units, and projection information
from the current (selected) database in your project. To change the projection
information, click the [Projection] button and the Coordinate System dialog will
be displayed.
To scan a database for the data range and projection information:
a. Click the [Scan Data] button.
b. The system will scan the current database open in your project.
c. The system will re-display the Data Range to Map dialog box showing the
new data range, coordinate information and projection information obtained
from the database.
To scan a grid for the data range and projection information:
a. Click the [Scan Grid] button.
b. The system will prompt you to specify a grid file that contains projection
information.
c. Select a grid file, and click [OK].
d. The system will display the Data Range to Map dialog box showing the new
data range, coordinate information and projection information obtained from
the grid.
Note: After creating a map from Longitude/Latitude the data view of the new map
will have a warp attached to it. This is because when we create a
Longitude/Latitude map we warp the view so that North is at the top and
centred. If you remove the warp on your map, new elements may not be
positioned correctly.
A grid or image
Located data
ArcGIS LYR
ArcView SHP
MapInfo data
Vector files such as DXFs
etc
T O D EFINE
W ARP :
2. Specify an Output Warp file name (.wrp) and from the dropdown lists select the
Warp type and Definition Mode. Note that, the 4-point warp requires the points
are in a clockwise order. The multi-point warp (more than 4 points) is best for
small translations relative to the units of distance on the map.
Note: The Semi interactive mode is a good method, it enables you to select the
points on the map that you are warping from (for example, the corners of a
bitmap) and then manually input the points (in UTMs) that you are translating
to. If you find that you cannot accurately select these points, try the other
modes (interactive and manual) to enter the four points. Remember, that you
can use the right mouse menu to zoom, shrink, and pan around the map while
you are selecting the points.
3. Click the [OK] button. The Map projection dialog is displayed, asking if you
want to Define the output coordinate projection.
4. At this stage, you can define the coordinate system of the map, for the purposes of
this tutorial, we will click [No] button to continue applying the warp. The Define
Warp control points dialog is displayed.
5. This dialog tells you to click on the point location for each point in your warp file,
and then specify the new warped location in the following dialog. Click the
[OK] button to continue.
7. Specify the New X Y coordinates and click the [Next>] button to specify the next
coordinate point location. Continue this until you have specified the 4
coordinates.
Note: Temporary circles will be placed on the locations that you select with the
crosshair cursor. These circles will be removed once all of the control points
have been set and the warp control file has been created.
8. To apply the warp to the grid, on the Coordinates menu, select
Georeferencing|Warp a grid. The Warp a grid dialog is displayed.
9. Using the dropdown list, select the Grid file to warp. Using the Browse () button,
locate the Warp definition file (.wrp) from your project directory and then specify
a New warped grid file. Click the [Next>] button to continue. The New warped
grid dialog is displayed.
10. If all of the parameters are correct, click the [Finish] button to warp the specified
grid file.
Warping image files
If you want to warp an image file (i.e. tiff, bmp) and the file is large, you may only
want to attach the warp to the file. "Attaching" the warp is suitable if you have a very
large file that is stored on a CD, for instance. The warp process is repeated every
time you display the file to a projected map but the original file remains unchanged.
When you warp an image, the warped output image must be a Geosoft COLOR grid
(*.grd) File type in order to keep the colours of the original image.
If the image of the new warped grid appears twisted or is an incorrect size, check the
warp points are in a circular order and the points are correctly located within the
defined map area.
Converting Elevations
The Geoid height menu option enables you to convert GPS elevations to elevations
relative to the geoid. Geoid height (GEOID GX) will create a channel of the geoid
height relative to the GRS 80 spheroid for a given pair of coordinate channels. This
GX requires a grid of the geoid model, which is the elevation of the geoid in metres
relative to the GRS 80 spheroid, which is found in the Oasis montaj/etc directory. For
more information, see the GEOID GX help topic.
models, that given a location, one can look up the correction (both are supported in
Geosoft).
A second way to make the correction is to force the surface of the WGS 84 ellipsoid
to lie as closely as possible to the surface of the datum ellipsoid (which in turn
approximates the geoid), such that a simple mathematical conversion is within
acceptable accuracy. This can be done by adjusting the location of the centre of the
earth of the datum ellipsoid relative to WGS84, which is the basis of the Molodenski
and Bursa Wolf corrections (parameters are in datumtrf.csv). However, such simple
conversions are only accurate over a relatively small part of the datum, depending, of
course, on the complexity of the geoid of that datum. For datums that cover a large
region, such as NAD27, one needs many different adjustments depending on which
part of the NAD27 datum you are on. For example, the very large area
approximations such as "MEAN Canada" are much less accurate in the Yukon than
"Canada (Yukon)". Both are less accurate than the NTv2 correction lookup.
Q 2.) When I buy a topographic map of Canada (of say B.C.) it says it uses the
NAD27 ellipsoid. It doesn't say what local transformation it uses?
A 2.) First, NAD27 is a datum, not an ellipsoid, and the NAD27 datum uses the
Clarke 1866 ellipsoid. You must choose which local datum transform is most
appropriate for your needs. We would recommend always selecting the local
transform that is most specific to your area, in this case "[NAD27] Canada Alberta;
British Columbia". You could also choose "[NAD27] Canada NTv2 (20 min)" if the
highest accuracy is required, but this is slower and more demanding of system
resources.
In our "Datum" list, we also include the names of all the common earth ellipsoids
(with a "*" prefix). This is because practitioners have commonly confused ellipsoids
with datums, and one often only knows the ellipsoid. By including the ellipsoid
names in the list, we make life a bit easier for you when you receive a map and the
information that it is "Clarke 1850, UTM 42S". However, if you need to do a local
datum transform, you must determine (or guess) at the real datum name, which is also
why we list the local transforms by area of use.
Q 3.) I found where the ldatum.csv file calls the datum for say [NAD 27] Canada
(Ont.&Man.) but couldn't find the call to the appropriate datum for [NAD27] Canada
(BC/AB). Did I just not look hard enough?
A 3.) Yes, these transforms are in the tables. When maintaining the tables, we load
the tables into Excel and use the Data/Sort function to sort by datum or area of use (or
any column) to help find things. The ldatum.csv file is used only by the projection
wizard to provide a list of the available projections by datum and by area of use. This
file refers to the actual local datum transform name and parameters in datumtrf.csv.
Note that, the tables are only used to construct the projection information the first
time something requires a projection. Once constructed, the parameters become part
of the object in question, and changing the tables later has no effect.
You can find more information on how the tables are constructed and related in the
Coordinate System help.
OF A
D ATABASE :
4. We are mostly concerned with whether we are close to exceeding the limits of our
Elements (Groups or Lines, Channels, Blobs, Block Size, Compression and File
Size). Another area of concern is what the Statistics show us. Statistics let us
know at a glance how large the GDB is and whether the space is being used
efficiently. If the Unused or lost space seemed excessive (say greater than 20%)
we might consider Defragmenting the database (to follow). For more information
about these statistics please refer to the Help System.
5. Click the [OK] button to close.
removes all unused space by repacking the data as efficiently as possible and
reduces the database file (*.GDB) size by the amount of freed space.
TO
Y OUR D ATABASE :
1. On the Data menu, click Database comments. This launches your editor and
opens the file _dbcmnt.RTF which is stored in your database. Edit this file
however you wish, adding text, pictures, etc. When you are done editing, close
the editor. You will be prompted to save the file. Click the [Yes] button.
MapInfo TAB
Geosoft Plot file
DXF AutoCAD
DXF AutoCAD v12
JPEG
JPEG High Quality
TIFF
GeoTIFF
MapInfo TIFF
ArcView TIFF
For more information on exporting data, refer to the Exporting and Archiving topic
in the Oasis montaj Online Help system.
T O E XPORT M APS
TO A
F ILE :
(File or Clipboard).
5. Using the Options dropsown list, select (Cluster Dither, Error Diffusion or No
Dither).
6. Click the [OK] button. If you selected to export to a file the system will display
the Exported file name dialog box. Specify a name for the file and click the
[Save] button.
7. The system exports the map.
T O E XPORT
TO
GIS, S PREADSHEET
AND
D ATABASE A PPLICATIONS :
1. On the Data menu, click Export and then click the Geosoft XYZ. The system
2. Specify the XYZ data file to export as Geoexport and click the [Template]
certain channels from the export process highlight the channels in the Channel
box and click the [Remove] button. Click the [OK] button to once you have
selected the data you wish to export. The system will return you to the Export
XYZ data dialog box. Click the [OK] button again and the system exports the
data.
Note: The Include Comment Header option is not default, but may contain
important information that pertains to the database you are exporting. The
Include Dummies option allows you to omit dummy values when exporting.
Printing Maps
By default, the system is set up to use your current Windows driver. When you start
printing maps for the first time, you will most likely accept the defaults. Depending
on your drivers performance however, you may want to add a new configuration that
uses a more advanced printing option, such as Geosoft bands, Geosoft bands and
dither, or HP-RTL. Refer to the on-line help system for a complete discussion on the
pros and cons of the different printing modes.
Printer and Page Setup
For optimal printing, you may have to experiment with printer settings and properties.
Different drivers allow different selections (paper size, orientation, dithering patterns
and colour controls). However, they can be very slow especially for large plots.
YOUR
P RINTER
AND
P AGE ::
displayed.
3. Use this dialog to specify your page setup, i.e. Paper Size, Paper Source,
N EW P RINTER C ONFIGURATION :
1. On the Print dialog, click the [Add Config] button. The Add Printer
2. If you want to use Windows drivers for printing make sure Windows is selected
printing speed, select the Geosoft bands or Geosoft bands and dither Print
Mode.
4. Select the Geosoft HP-RTL device if you have this type of printing device.
5. If you want to adjust the Colour Scaling, change the CYMK colour values.
6. If you want to adjust the Image print resolution change the default dpi value.
7. Click the [OK] button and the system will save your new configurations and
Print Preview
Use the Print Preview dialog to display the active map, as it would appear when
printed.
T O P REVIEW
M AP B EFORE P RINTING :
1. On the File menu, click Print preview. The Print preview dialog is displayed.
2. From this dialog you can specify the Region to Plot, the Plot Scale, Overlap and
Layout of the file you wish to print. Click the [Preview] button. The system
displays a preview of how your map will look when printed on paper.
3. Click the [Print] button if the map is ready for printing or click the [Close] button
M AP :
3. Specify the Region you want to print (current Viewed Area or the Entire Map).
4. Specify the Plot Scale. To maintain the map scale, select the Use Scale Factor
option and specify a value, (1 = 100 per cent). If you use this option, the map may
require more than one page depending on the media to which you are printing or
plotting.
5. If the plot is being Panelled, specify either the All panels option or the Range of
panels option to print. If you are printing multiple panels, you can specify an
overlap in mm. This helps you to match panels later.
6. Specify the number of Copies to be printed.
7. If required, select the Print to File option box and specify a filename.
8. Select the Centre on Page option box to centre the plot on the page. To centre the
or plotter.
Printing in Batch
For high efficiency automated printing and plotting, Geosoft provides a batch printing
capability. This capability allows a number of plots to be printed sequentially without
any hands-on intervention.
IN
B ATCH :
1. On the File menu, click the Batch printing. The Print Multiple Maps dialog is
displayed.
2. In the Maps to Print box, specify the maps you want to print. To specify more
than one map, map names should be separated by a | (vertical bar) character.
You can also select multiple files by clicking the [Browse] button. In the Maps to
Print dialog box press and hold the [Ctrl] key and while clicking the left
mouse button to select the maps you wish to print.
3. Specify the other parameters as required. For more information about Batch
printing options click the Help (
) button.
4. Click the [OK] button. The system sends the maps to the installed printer or
plotter.
to select a view), right click and select 3D Viewer from the popup
When viewing the 3D view in the 3D Viewer, you can change the orientation of the
View relative to your point of view by rotating the coordinate system horizontally
and vertically, and you can zoom and pan into the view, and you can modify certain
display parameters such as delete planes, and adjust plane transparency using the 3D
Tool. The 3D Tool enables you to modify the 3D parameters, display characteristics
and the appearance of your 3D view in the 3D Viewer. The 3D Tool is available in
the Tools section of the Project Explorer and will appear whenever a 3D Viewer is
open. If more than one 3D Viewer is open, the parameters of the 3D Tool will
represent whichever Viewer currently has focus.
When you close the 3D Viewer window, the 3D View will be drawn on the 2D Map
as it last appeared in the 3D Viewer.
Create a 3D View from an Existing Map View or Group
Any map object that can be drawn in a 2D View can be drawn on a plane in a 3D
View. This includes images and drawn or vector features as well as directly from a
Grid file that can be used to represent the surface of a plane in a 3D view.
TO
CREATE A
3D V IEW
FROM EXISTING
V IEWS
OR
G ROUPS
ON A MAP :
1. Open a map that contains a dat view, in our case we opened the As.grd.map.
2. With the mouse cursor over the map window, right-click and select Create a 3D
View. The Create a new 3D View dialog will be displayed. This dialog will
enable you to create a new 3D View on a map or add a new drawing plane to an
existing 3D View (Note that, 3D Views can contain any number of drawing
planes).
3. Specify the New 3D View name (3D_View), and the Name of new plane in 3D
View (As).
Note:
It is extremely important that when you create a new 3D view that you create
a new name for the view rather than selecting a name from the dropdown list.
The dropdown list is presented to enable you to see what view names you
may already have. Do not overwrite one of the existing 2D views, unless you
want to replace it.
4. In the Plane elevation box you can specify the plane elevation (or constant offset
from the 3D origin in the direction normal to the new plane coordinate system).
We will leave this to the default, as (0).
5. Using the Browse (
7. Click the [Default] button to display the grid scaling parameters and clip-limits
calculated from the relief grid. The default Relief base and the Vertical scale are
determined from the relief grid for aesthetic purposes. For more information
about these parameters, or any dialog parameter, click the Help (
) button.
8. Click the [OK] button to plot the 3D view to the current map and open the 3D
Tool and 3D Viewer. You will notice that your 3D View and 3D plane appears
empty, you now must add a map View or Group to the plane.
9. To add a View or a Group to the new 3D plane, with the mouse cursor over the
10. This dialog enables you to select the View or View/Group to add to the 3D plane.
In our example we can select the grid or symbols to plot. We selected the grid
(Data\Grid) and to Draw on plane (As). Click the [OK] button and the selected
grid will be plotted to the 3D plane.
11. Using the 3D Tools in the 3D Viewer window, orient the view to the desired
perspective and when you are satisfied with the orientation close the 3D Viewer.
12. The 3D view is placed in the center of the current map. Using the standard 2D
map tools, you can move and size the 3D view into the desirable position on the
map.
CREATE A
3D V IEW
FROM A
G RID :
1. On the 3D Tools menu, select Display|Relief Surface to New or Current Map. The
2. You can select different grids for the Surface relief and Colour image grids, or as
shown above, you can select the same grid file for both so that the colour surface
will coincide with the relief surface.
3. From the New or current map dropdown list select (new). The remaining
parameters can be left the the defaults, click the [Next>] button to display the
Surface Grid dialog.
4. To calculate the Surface grid statistics, click the [Defaults] button. This surface
grid information may be modified here or you can do it later from within the 3D
Tool. Click the [Finish] button and the Data range to map dialog is displayed.
5. Use this dialog to create a new blank map to fit the data range specified. The data
range can be entered manually, or it can be determined from the range of selected
data in a database or from a grid range.For our map, we will select the [Scan
grid] button, which displays the Get a range from a grid file dialog.
6. Use the dropdown list to select the grid file (tfmag.grd) and click the [OK]
button to return to the Data range to map dialog. Click the [Next>] button to
continue and the Create a new map dialog is displayed.
7. Use this dialog to specify the Map name (3D_tfmag.map), Map template
(portrait letter). To calculate the Scale based on the data range and the map
template, click the [Scale] button. You can modify the map scale to a more
useable value, as shown above.
8. Click the [Finish] button to plot the 3D View to a new map. Note that, the 3D
Tool and 3D Viewer are now open in the foreground of your project. The 3D
Viewer enables you to change the point of view and work with all the attributes
that make up the 3D View by using the controls in the 3D Tool. When you close
the 3D Viewer, the view will appear on the 2D map just as it last appeared in the
3D Viewer.
3D V IEW :
1. Select the 3D View in the (3D_tfmag_shaded.map) map; make sure you are in
) button.
2. Right click and from the popup menu select Add a new drawing plane. The Add a
3. Enter the Name of new plane in 3D view as (As) (Note: if you enter the name of
an existing plane, that plane will be replaced) and specify the relief grid as
(As.grd).
4. Click the [OK] button and the Surface relief grid dialog will be displayed.
5. Click the [Default] button to display the grid scaling parameters and clip-limits
calculated from the relief grid. The default Relief base and the Vertical scale are
determined from the relief grid for aesthetic purposes. For more information
about these parameters, or any dialog parameter, click the Help (
) button.
6. Click the [OK] button to create the empty plane in the 3D view. The new plane
now draw using the standard Oasis montaj drawing tools will appear on this new
plane.
Note: Note that you can control the vertical position of the plane either by
specifying the plane elevation for flat planes or the Relief base if a relief View
is specified.
1. Select the 3D View in an open map, make sure you are in View mode by selecting
) button.
2. Right click and from the popup menu select Set default drawing plane.
3. If the 3D View contains more than one plane, the Set a default drawing plane in a
plane.
Note: You can also change the default drawing view from the Map Tools menu
6. Open the (As.grd.map) created in an earlier tutorial and then click the
View/Group Manager Tool button (
). Select the symbol group
(PSYMB_geochem_As) and then while holding your cursor over the selected
group in the map (As.grd.map) right click and from the opup menu, slect Copy.
7. Then, select the map (tfmag_shaded.map) again, the default drawing plane (As)
should still be selected, and while holding your cursor over the selected 3D view,
right click and from the popup menu, select Paste. The As symbols will be copied
to the default drawing plane in your 3D view.
3. Using thedrpdown lists, select the parameters that best suites your data. Note that,
if you want to colour your data using the values from a secondary channel, select
(Variable colour) from the Colour option. Click the [OK] button and the Data
range to map dialog is displayed.
4. Click the [Scan data] button to scan your current database. Click the
[Projection] button to set the coordinate system. For for information on these or
any dialog parameters, click the Help ( ) button. Click the [Next>] button and
the Create a new map dialog is displayed.
5. Specify a new Map name and then from the Map template dropdown list, select a
template.
6. Click the [Scale] button to calculate and display a default scale that will fit the
defined data range to the specified template. You can edit this scale to a more
usable value. Click the finish button and the 3D Controls dialog is displayed.
7. You can edit the 3D Controls parameters now, during the creation of the 3D
colour range symbol plot, or from within the 3D Viewer while linked to the 3D
Tool in real-time so that changes are displayed interactively.
8. Click the [OK] button to plot the 3D colour range symbols to a map. Note that,
the 3D Tool and 3D Viewer are now open in the foreground of your project. The
3D Viewer enables you to change the point of view and work with all the
attributes that make up the 3D View by using the controls in the 3D Tool. When
you close the 3D Viewer, the view will appear on the 2D map just as it last
appeared in the 3D Viewer.
V OXEL
IN A
3D V IEW :
dialog is displayed.
3. Select the Display as (New map) and then leaving the remaining parameters to
Viewer and 3D Tool are displayed in the foreground of your project. The 3D
Viewer enables you to change the point of view and work with all the attributes
that make up the 3D View by using the controls in the 3D Tool. When you close
the 3D Viewer, the Voxel will appear on the 2D map just as it last appeared in the
3D Viewer.
Plotting Voxel Isosurface (Contour)
Use the 3D Tools|Utilities|Create Isosurface from Voxel menu option to extract an
isosurface from a voxel model and plot it to a map.
T O P LOT V OXEL I SOSURFACE
TO A
3D M AP :
1. Make sure the Voxel map file (Tutorial_Assay_As.map) created in the previous
2. On the 3D Tools menu, select Utilities|Create Isosurface from Voxel. The Plot
3. The Voxel file by default should display the currently open Voxel as
(Tutorial_Assay_As.geosoft_voxel).
4. For the Surface value, specify the value for the Isosurface (this is the "contour"
value) as (10). Then, click in the Colour box to display the Color Tool, select a
suitable colour for the Isosurface. Then, using the Display dropdown list, select to
plot the Isosurface to (Current map).
5. Click the [OK] button and the Isosurface will be plotted to your current 3D View.
Note:
For a better view the Isosurface, move the Transparency slider, on the Voxel
Tab in the 3D Tool, to the left until you can see both the Isosurface and the
Voxel.
6. Repeat the steps 2 to 5 above, adding Surface values (contour levels) to best
The following interactive viewing buttons are provided along the top of all of the 3D
Tool tabs:
Rotate Mode - enables you to rotate the displayed View 360 degrees in all
directions. Note that, users that have a mouse wheel can zoom in and out
while rotating the View, by turning the wheel.
Zoom Mode - enables you to zoom in and out of the displayed View. Note
that you can also move the model closer and farther in any mode using the
roller on your mouse (if you have one).
Pan Mode - enables you to move the entire displayed View.
Centre Map in Window - resets the focus point of the view and the current
the 3D Viewer.
Display Tab
tab enables you to modify the overall display of the 3D view. This tab
The
controls the overall orientation, distance, visibility and presentation of the 3D view.
The Inclination, Declination and Distance are the current viewing parameters,
relative to the central point. Inclination and declination can be fixed, so when
rotating, that particular angle will always be used (e.g. fixing inclination at 25
degrees will only allow a rotating view around the central point where the point of
view is locked at 25 degrees above the horizon). The Slider bar controls the
brightness of the 3D view image.
The
button displays the Axis Options dialog. Use this dialog to specify the
background colour of your 3D view, add a box around the 3D view and add an axis
with annotations for the X, Y and Z axis with whatever nomenclature you wish to
use. For clarity, we entered; Easting, Northing and Depth for this tutorial.
The
button displays the Rendering Options dialog. Use this dialog to set the
rendering resolution and scale for your 3D View. Rendering occurs every time you
modify the 3D view and the view is redrawn, Resolution occurs when the image is
constantly in motion; for example while rotating, zooming or panning and Scale is
relative to each other, the default is 1:1:1.
For users with graphics cards that are of low memory (below 64Mb) and/or slower
processors, then it is recommended to leave these at the default settings while
working in the 3D environment as it makes heavy use of the resources in the video
card.
Note:
The controls on this dialog are system controls and changes made to this
dialog will affect all 3D maps in your Oasis montaj system.
For more detailed information on using the Display Tab options, see the online Help
topic, Modify Display Options (3D Tool)
Plane Tab
The
tab enables you to modify the individual planes within each 3D View.
This tab controls the display and viewing characteristics of surfaces and images
displayed in the 3D Viewer.
All the planes in the 3D view are listed in the drop down box; in the example in this
tutorial the three gridded image of Au are listed as planes (225RL,275RL and
325RL) and the topography that we draped the magnetic image over is listed as
surface (by default).
If the Plane is a flat surface, i.e. the image is not draped over a topographic relief
surface, only the Offset and the Transparency can be controlled. If the Plane has a
topographic surface (i.e. has X, Y and depth components) there are additional
controls:
Sample the sampling resolution of the relief surface grid (16 to 512, 256 is the
default)
Base the base value of the grid relative to the Z-axis. Zero (0) implies that the relief
surfaces Z values are relative to the Z-axis.
Scale the vertical exaggeration of the relief surface. A scale of 1 indicates that the
relief surface is to true scale.
Clip min and max minimum and maximum values in the relief grid. These can be
set to clip higher or lower values in a surface.
For more detailed information on using the Plane Tab options, see the online Help
topic, Modify Plane Options (3D Tool)
Voxel Tab
The
tab enables you to modify the appearance of the Voxel in your 3D
view. For example, you can select the Voxel to modify from the Voxel dropdown list,
and then select (check ) to add a Box around the Voxel or to display a voxel Mesh.
The
button displays the Color Symbol Tool, which can be used to modify
The 3D Views rendering process makes heavy use of the available memory on your
video card, and performance will be substantially reduced if your limits are exceeded.
Full render resolution:
When the full render resolution is set to maximum it can easily consume hundreds of
megabytes of memory (200-600 Mb). If you do not have adequate memory available
your computer will start to thrash, your hard drive light will turn on and stay on and
the rendering will take a very long time. If you have less than 256 Mb of RAM, you
should not increase this control.
Fast render resolution:
The fast render resolution moves 128k to the video card at the low range, 2 Mb at the
middle range and 24 Mb at the high range. This means that every time you draw in
FAST mode you move that much memory to the video card. Unfortunately, if your
memory bandwidth is low or your video card is not very fast this slows down the
rendering time.
Large Volume Data Transfer: DAP technology handles the efficient transfer of
very high-volume spatial data, and its associated metadata, through a streaming
technology.
Ready-to-use Data: DAP provides localized data that matches your current
Oasis montaj map window and projection information.
Safe and Efficient Data Transfer: DAP data transfer technology provides direct
DAP client/server communication enabling the transfer of encrypted and
compressed data that maintains original data integrity.
The DAP menu includes two options for finding data, Find Data with Dapple and
Find Data.
professional earth scientists. For more detailed information about Dapple, visit
http://dapple.geosoft.com/default.asp
Dapple includes a set of menus (Tools, Servers, View, Settings, and Help), an
interactive Global Explorer window that displays the selected data layers, a Search
window that enables you to define your Area of Interest via Servers or the Web
based on spatial extents and keywords, a Data Layers window that displays the
selected data, an Overview Map window that displays your current spatial extents,
and a Metadata window that displays the metadata for the currently selected Data
Layer.
TO
ACCESS
D APPLE
IN
O ASIS
MONTAJ :
The ability to access data from global and corporate spatial servers (Geosoft DAP
servers, NASA servers, USGS servers, and WMS servers) along with the Internet is a
powerful and insightful way to work with spatial data. Dapple provides effective data
browsing tools for locating geoscience data, satellite imagery, remote sensing data,
geology maps, geophysical data, and many other data sets of interest to geoscientists.
1. On the DAP menu, select Find Date with Dapple and the Dapple dialog will be
displayed.
2. To specify the spatial extents you can use the Global Explorer and Navigation
tools, or in the Overview map window you can select an area (including the entire
globe) or select a specific region using the dropdown list. You can further focus
your Search criteria by entering "Keywords" in the text box
) provided. To clear the search parameters, click the
(
Clear search (
) button.
3. In the Search window, select the "Servers" tab and click the Search (
) button.
The Available Servers will be searched for any data that falls within your spatial
extents and matches your keywords. (Note that, when you select the "Web" tab
the Internet will be searched for data files that fall within your area of interest and
match your keywords.)
The results are displayed on the "Servers" (or 'Web") tab and can be viewed in
either 'Tree view' or 'List view'.
Data Layers window. To add datasets to the Data Layers window, select
(highlight) a dataset from the "Servers" tree view (or select multiple datasets from
the "Servers" list view), right-click and from the popup menu, select Add to Data
Layers and the selected data will be added to the Data Layers window (Note that
you can also use Drag-n-Drop to move the "Search" result datasets to the "Data
Layers" window).
In the Data Layers window, select (highlight) the datasets to download. Then, on
the Tools menu, select "Download Layers" and all selected data layers will begin
the download process.
5. Once the download is initiated, the Download Settings dialog will be displayed.
Use this tabbed dialog to set the "General" and "Individual" properties of the
downloaded dataset(s). Click the [Download] button to complete the process and
download the selected data to your current project directory.
For more detailed information on the Dapple dialog, select Help on the main Dapple
menu bar.
ACCESS THE
IN
O ASIS
MONTAJ :
When data is downloaded from the DAP server, it will be windowed, resampled and
reprojected to match the current client context within the limitations of the type of
data you are dealing with.
Note that, you should have a map open and selected (with projection assigned to it) in
your current project.
1. On the DAP menu, select Find Data. The Authorize Internet Communication
what data the DAP server has that matches the data view of your current map.
When a match has been made the Get DAP Data dialog will be displayed.
3. The Results tab, on the right side of the dialog window, will display the data that
is available for download. Note the number of data files available is specified
beside the DAP Server name (e.g. 10 datasets are indicated above). Select ( ) the
data you would like to downloaded and display on your map.
4. Your Results can be filtered to only display items that intersect your Area of
Interest (AOI) and/or contain Text that matches a Text string. These DAP Filters
are provided on the top of the Results tab (
more information on using the DAP Data Filters, click the Help (
). For
) button.
5. The Selected tab enables you to control the both the data to download and the
visibility of the data on the current browser map by placing a check in the box on
the left side of the list. You can also use this tab to control the rendering order of
the displayed datasets using the upward and downward arrows.
Note: To view the selected data sets in the Browser Map check the View Selected
Datasets check box ( ).
6. The Get Data tab enables you to specify your selected data options, such as
Filename, Resolution, Projection format and Display. Once you are satisfied with
the selected datasets and their download options, click the [Get Data] button to
download and display the DAP data on your current map.
Note: There are a variety of DAP display technology features available including:
re-project the grid to the projection of the current map view, re-project and
resample the grid to a specified resolution, save the grid in the native
projection format, display the grid as a simple colour image, display the grid
as a shaded colour image, and download and save only, do not display the
grid.
7. Once the download is complete click the Exit (
Verify
This setting will ask you to verify all communication with the server before
proceeding with a download. This means that whenever you query the DAP server,
the server will show you what is being requested and ask you to authorize it.
Click the [Accept] button to give permission to connect to the server or click the
[Deny] button if you do not want toconnect.
All communication with the server is saved in a log file on your local computer so
that you can check to see what information was sent and received. This is the
default setting.
Restricted
This setting will not authorize any communication with the server. This means
that you do not want any communication with the server to take place. With this
setting, you will not be able to connect to the server.
Tip:
You can modify your Internet Trust Settings at any time by selecting the
Internet option from the GX|Global Settings menu.
Metadata Browser
The Metadata Browser is a tool for viewing metadata associated with a DAP dataset.
Metadata is information about data. Metadata can be simple or complex and the
descriptive needs of different kinds of data are infinitely diverse. To allow for this
Data: The Data branch contains all metadata associated with any spatial data type.
The information at the "Data" level is common to all types of spatial data.
Grid: This example describes a grid of data, hence there is a "Grid" branch, which
contains metadata that is specific to grids.
Display: Grids may contain display information about the grid data set, which is
stored in the "Grid/Display" branch.
Statistics: Grids may contain statistical information about the grid data set, which is
stored in the "Grid/Statistics" branch.
Location: The information that locates a 2-D grid array within the "Data" coordinate
system is stored in the "Grid/Location" branch.
Creating a project
To work in Oasis montaj requires an open project. An Oasis montaj "Project"
controls your working directory. When you create a project, the system assumes that
all your project files are located in the same directory.
T O C REATE
P ROJECT :
displayed.
Oasis montaj assumes that your data is in the directory containing this project
(i.e. D:\Tutorial)
3. Specify a name and directory for the project. For example, name the project
(Trend) and specify the working directory as D:\Tutorial.
Note:
4. Click the [Save] button. The system saves the project and indicates it is open by
adding menus to the menu bar, adding buttons to the Standard Short-cut bar and
by displaying the Project Explorer window. These are visual clues indicating that
you are ready to start working with the system.
ACCESS THE
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding and then select Trend enforcement.
2. These menus items (GXs) will enable you to eliminate aliasing effects while
Opening a Database
In this exercise, you will be working with the database (trend_mag.gdb), which
should be copied into your current working directory D:\Tutorial.
D ATABASE
1. On the Database menu, select Open database. The Open database dialog is
displayed.
2. Select the (trend_mag.gdb) and click the [Open] button. The database is opened
TO
D ATA:
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding, then select Bi-Directional Line
2. Using the Channel to grid dropdown list, select Mag. Specify the Output grid as
If no cell size is specified, the default is of the line spacing. For more
4. You can leave these parameters to the intelligent default values. For more
) button.
5. To return to the Bi-directional gridding of line data dialog click the [<Back]
button. Click the [OK] button to grid the data. The grid (trend.gdb) is displayed
in a temporary map.
parameters to the default values and click the [Current Map] button to display
the Colour-shaded grid on the current map (trend.grd).
Finding Trends
A traditional problem in gridding geophysical data is the aliasing problem that occurs
due to the presence of more samples along the lines than across lines. This leads
to obvious effects including ellipsoids or ellipsoidal beads between lines in gridded
data.
T O F IND T RENDS :
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding|Trend Enforcement and then select
2. Using the Data channel for trends dropdown list, select (mag). In the Window for
Max-Min Search box, specify (500) and in the Preferred angle for trends box
specify (125). Then, in the Allowable deviation in angle box, specify (30.0) and in
the Maximum length for joins box, specify (1000). You can leave the remaining
parameters to the intelligent default values. For a detailed description of these
parameters, click the Help (
) button.
3. When ready to continue, click the [OK] button. The system calculates the Trend
) button.
IN
D ATABASE :
From the popup menu select List. Another popup menu will appear containing a
list of the lines in the database. Scroll down the list and select R0:0 (the minima
trend lines). The system displays the minima trend lines (start and end points) in
the database.
When you click on a data value (X, Y or Z) in the database, you will notice
that the linked map cursor moves to the selected location of the trend line on
the map.
2. Using the Colour for minimum trends (R0, R2, etc) and the Colour for maximum
trends (R1, R3, etc), select (red) and (blue) and for Line thickness specify (0.15).
(These colours are the opposite of the gridding convention so that these show up
clearly on the map.)
3. Click the [OK] button. The No defined map scale dialog is displayed.
4. Note that, this dialog is displayed whenever drawing to a map for which a map
scale has not been defined. This situation most commonly occurs when a map has
been opened just to display a grid image (as applies here). A map scale is
required to determine appropriate scaling for drawing text, patterned lines, and
other map graphic details.
5. Click the [OK] button to accept the default parameters, for more information
) button.
LINES :
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding|Trend Enforcement and then select
Add trend line. The Add new digitized trend line dialog is displayed.
2. Using the [Browse] button, locate the Grid to digitize as (trend2_s.grd) and from
the Output channel dropdown list, select (mag). In the Re-sample interval box
specify (25). (It is recommended that the trend line be re-sampled at the same cell
size as the grid.)
3. Click the [OK] button to continue. The Digitize to database dialog box is
displayed.
values) on the displayed grid. When you are finished each line, click the rightmouse button and select Done.
9. The digitized trend line data values, which have been interpolated to the specified
TO
1. On the Grid and Image menu, select Gridding, then select Bi-Directional line
2. We will be using the same parameters as the original grid (trend.grd) except we
The original grid trend.grd (left) the Trended grid trend_2.grd (right).
Note: The actual data values and locations are exactly the same in both grids. The
Trend Enforcement Tool forces the gridding process to honour the trended
data. Trend lines must be selected to be included in gridding. You can
deselect the trend line(s) for other processes with the database.
IN A
D ATABASE :
4. Scroll down the list and highlight R0:0 then click the [Deselect highlight] button.
l = 1/f
e = sqrt((2/l) - 1/(l*l))
e = sqrt(2f - f*f )
In the past, as cartographers created maps of different parts of the earth, spheroids
were chosen to best approximate the shape of the earth in the region of the map. This
led to a number of different spheroids or ellipsoids (such as Clarke 1866, Hayford
1910, etc.) that are in common use for different parts of the world.
In some cases, maps of a particular region of the earth have been created with
different spheroids and it is necessary to convert coordinates from one spheroid to
another. This only works if both spheroids share the same earth centre, which they
normally will for older maps. This is because map survey work has normally used
gravity as the reference for the earth centre, and maps of the same area will clearly
have used the same gravity field.
Datums
The problem with using spheroids alone to define an earth model becomes apparent
when working with satellite locations from GPS receivers. GPS systems commonly
base locations on a spheroid known as World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 1984),
which naturally places the centre of the earth at the true centre of gravity.
Unfortunately, this differs from the earth centre that has been used for most local
maps of the world because these maps use an assumed earth centre based on the local
gravity field, which is perpendicular to the geoid at that location.
To account for this we need a datum. A datum includes a spheroid and an earth centre
offset from WGS 1984. Some datums may also include a rotation of the minor axis of
the spheroid relative to WGS 1984. Datums for various countries and regions of the
world have been compiled and defined in the MAPPROJ.DTM file.
W HAT
What this means is that longitude/latitude in one datum is not necessarily the same as
in another datum (there may be an offset and rotation). Before the earth centre was
introduced, all we needed was a spheroid (ie. Hayford 1910). This worked fine for
projections within the same country or region of the earth because the earth centre
was the same. Note that Hayford 1910 is not a datum, it is a spheroid. If the spheroid
topographic surface
geoid
ellipsoid
To make maps, an ellipsoid is used to approximate the geoid for a specific region of
the world. An ellipsoid is an ellipse rotated about its shorter axis (also called an
oblate spheroid), which is what the geoid would be if the mass of the earth were
uniformly distributed. A datum is the earth model that is used to map a specific
region of the world. A datum includes an ellipsoid (described by the major axis and
flattening), the prime meridian (location of 0 longitude, normally Greenwich
England), and a tie point, which is the location on the earth at which the ellipsoid and
the geoid are the same for the region that the Datum is used. The ellipsoid and tie
point have been chosen so that the differences between the surface of the ellipsoid
and the geoid are minimised. Most common mapping operations within the same
datum are only concerned with the ellipsoid, which is why an ellipsoid name is often
used interchangeably with a datum name.
With the advent of satellites and later the Global Positioning System, it became
necessary to define datums tied to the gravitational centre of the earth (as opposed to
being tied to a location on the earths surface). Such datums are called geocentric, and
the most common example is WGS 84. Most of the difference between an earth
surface ties datum and a geocentric datum can be described by a shift in the location
of the centre of the ellipsoid (the assumed earth centre). However, there can also be a
small rotation difference caused by differences in the direction of North, and a scale
factor caused by differences between the elevation of the tie point and mean sea level.
In addition, local perturbations of the geoid that result from local gravity variations
within a Datum will produce additional residual differences.
To convert between datums requires knowledge about all aspects of both datums (the
ellipsoids, prime meridians and the local perturbations of the Geoid). There are a
number of methods used to transform coordinates between datums (see
http://www.petroconsultants.com/products/geodetic2.html), although in practice, the
following two methods supported in Oasis montaj are the most commonly used:
Method 1
The most familiar method is to perform an earth centre shift, rotation and scale,
commonly referred to as the Bursa Wolf 7-parameter transform (parameters are
X,Y,Z offsets, X,Y,Z rotations and a scale factor). The Molodenski transform is a
simplification that deals with three parameters only (X,Y,Z offsets). These transforms
are only close approximations to the true perturbations, and datums that cover a large
region often require a number of different "local" definitions (for example, NAD27
has at least 6 different transforms to WGS 84).
The Bursa Wolf transform is supported in Oasis montaj. Parameters of the transform
are listed in the file datumtrf.csv for different local datums, and the file
ldatum.csv contains a reference list based on the common area of use for each
datum transform.
Method 2
Some national mapping agencies have carefully measured accurate residual
differences across a Datum. This is done by measuring the differences between local
map coordinates and WGS 84 at numerous locations. Such differences are described
by correction "grids, which contain longitude, latitude and elevation shifts as a
function of location. Examples are NADCON in the US and NTv2 in Canada, both of
which are supported in Oasis montaj (NTv2 in Oasis Montaj is a 20 minute
approximation of the full NTv2 transform). Note that NADCON and NTv2 are not
accurately defined for offshore areas and should not be used for offshore mapping
purposes.
In Oasis montaj, the residual grids are stored as compressed look-up tables in files
with extension .ll2 in the Oasis montaj/etc directory. The name of the table is
found in the square brackets that are part of the local datum transform name. For
example, the lookup tables used for local datum transform *NAD27 NTv2 (20 min)
[NTv2] are found in the file NTv2.ll2.
Note that Bursa Wolf transforms are very much faster than NADCON or NTv2, and
will normally be accurate to the sub-metre level for local regions. In future, as more
correction grid models are defined, they will be added to the model list.
Local datum
transform
Select a local datum transform name from the list. Normally, the
list will only include known local datum(s) for the Datum
specified. If there are no local datum for the datum specified, all
datums will be available in the list and the default transform will
be <unknown>. If you do not know the local datum transform
to use, or if you will always be working the same datum, you will
want to select the <unknown> option in this box. When this
option is applied, no local transform is used.
[List All]
1. To add this datum, you need to modify two CSV files in the Geosoft directory
Transform name
Area of use
dX,dY,dZ
EPSG (European Petroleum Survey Group) / POSC (Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation).
Scale
2. Once you have gathered this information, edit the file datumtrf.csv (this can be
edited in Excel or in a text editor). The first line of the file contains the column
header that describes each data field as follows:
DATUM_TRF,CODE,MAPINFO,AREA_OF_USE,DATUM,TARGET,DX,DY,DZ,RX,RY,RZ,SCALE
For the transform described in the example above, the line would be:
*Luzon special,,,"[Luzon 1911] Philippines - special","Luzon 1911","WGS 84",-130,-77,50,0,0,0,0.225
The CODE and MAPINFO columns are used to reference the EPSG code and
MapInfo code when exporting data to these systems. In this case, these codes are not
known and are left blank. Unknown MapInfo codes can also be set to 0. The
WGS84 is specified as the TARGET since these transform parameters are
relative to WGS84 (by far the most commonly used geocentric datum).
3. Now edit the ldatum.csv file and add an entry so that the transform will be
visible to the user in the projection wizard dialogue screens. This table contains
the following columns:
AREA_OF_USE,DATUM,DATUM_TRF
The DATUM_TRF in this file must match exactly the DATUM_TRF column in the
datumtrf.csv file.
When copying a grid file to another directory, you must copy any
existing (grd.gi) files associated with the data file in order to
maintain the projection information for the grid.
Description
ipj_pcs.csv
transform.csv
datum.csv
ellipsoid.csv
datumtrf.csv
All known local datums, provides Datum lookup and the local
datum transform parameters
ldatum.csv
All names in the tables are POSC (Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation)
compliant, unless they begin with an *. The asterix usually signifies that the
projection is a custom projection.
Required parameters
Geographic
Mercator (1SP)
Mercator (2SP)
Oblique Stereographic
Polar Stereographic
Transverse Mercator
Equidistant Conic
Polyconic
Description
Factor to metres
metre
1.0
ft
foot
0.3048
ftUS
US survey foot
0.3048006096012
ftMA
0.3048122529845
ftCla
Clarke's foot
0.3047972651151
ftInd
0.3047995102481
ftSe
foot (Sears)
0.3047994715387
lkCla
link (Clarke)
0.201166194976
lkBen
link (Benoit)
0.2011678249438
lkSe
link (Sears)
0.2011676512155
chBen
chain (Benoit)
20.1167824943759
chSe
chain (Sears)
20.1167651215526
ydSe
yard (Sears)
0.914398414616
ydInd
Indian yard
0.9143985539701
fathom
Fathom
1.8288
nautmi
nautical mile
1852.0
mGer
1.0000135965
dega
Degrees (angular)
n/a
Examples
P ATTERN S TYLES
Family Name
Standard
Solid fill
Fancy
Objects
Geology
Hatches
Arrows
Geology
Slashes
Shapes
Example
Solid Orange
STANDARD PATTERNS
Solid Line
Long Dash
Dotted
Short Dash
Pattern #7
Pattern #8
Pattern #10
Double Line
Bold Dots
Dots - 2
Pattern #148
FANCY LINES
Equals
Railroad Dash - 4
Railroad Dash -2
Railroad - Dash
Railroad - 4
Railroad - 2
Railroad
Pattern #150
Pattern #149
Pickets Dash Up - 4
Pickets Dash Up - 2
Pickets Dash Up
Pickets Up - 4
Pickets Up - 2
Pickets Up
Pattern #130
Pattern #129
Pattern #128
Bold Dots - 2
Sidewalk #1
Sidewalk #2
Sidewalk #3
Stripe #1
Stripe #2
Stripe #3
Ecks
Ecks - 2
Ecks - 4
Ecks Line
Pattern #11
Pattern #12
Pattern #138
Pattern #139
Ecks Line - 2
Ecks Line - 4
Pattern #13
Pattern #14
Pattern #140
Pickets Down
Ecks Dash
Ecks Dash - 2
Pickets Down - 2
Pickets Down - 4
Ecks Dash - 4
Ecks Dotted
Ecks Dotted - 2
Dots
SLASHES
Forward Slash
Forward Slash #2
Backward Slash
Backward Slash #2
Hash
Pattern #501
Pattern #502
Pattern #503
Arrow Forward
Arrow Forward - 2
Arrow Forward - 4
Pattern #507
Pattern #511
Pattern #512
Pattern #513
Arrow Backward
Arrow Backward - 2
Arrow Backward - 4
Pattern #517
ARROWS
Arrows Up
Arrows Up - 2
Arrows Down
Arrows Down - 2
Pattern #525
Pattern #526
Pattern #527
Arrows Line Up
Arrows Line Up - 2
Arrows Line Up - 4
Arrows Dash Up
Arrows Dash Up - 2
Arrows Dash Up - 4
Pattern #535
Pattern #536
Pattern #537
SHAPES
Filled Circles #2
Filled Circles
Empty Circles
Filled Diamonds
Empty Circles #2
Filled Diamonds #2
Empty Diamonds #2
Empty Star
Filled Star - 2
Filled Star
Filled Triangles Up
Empty Star - 2
Empty Diamonds
Filled Triangles Up - 2
Filled Square
Empty Square - 2
Empty Square
Filled Square - 2
Empty Triangles Up
Empty Triangles Up - 2
Fault
Shear
Pattern #203
Pattern #205
Pattern #207
Right Fault
Pattern #211
Right Fault 2
Pattern #213
Thrust Dash
Line Thrust - 2
Line Thrust
Thrust Dash 2
Pattern #219
Pattern #270
Pattern #280
Half Circle - 2
Half Circle
Pattern #260
Pattern #258
Dash Thrust - 4
Dash Thrust - 2
Dash Thrust
Line Thrust - 4
Thrust Dash 4
Pattern #250
Pattern #249
Pattern #248
Pattern #240
Thrust Down - 2
Thrust Down
Pattern #221
Left Fault
Pattern #223
Left Fault 2
Pattern #225
Left Fault 4
Clastic Shear
Thrust
Thrust 2
Pattern #230
Thrust Line
Right Fault 4
Pattern #215
Thrust Line 2
Thrust Line 4
Pattern #217
Pattern #290
Filled Circle
Filled Circle - 2
Pattern #328
Filled Circle - 4
Anticline - 4
Anticline Dash
Anticline Dash - 2
Pattern #348
Pattern #368
Pattern #329
Pattern #349
Dip Dash Up
Dip Line Up - 4
Dip Line Up - 2
Stitch Dash
Stitch - 4
Stitch - 2
Stitch
Anticline Dash - 4
Pattern #330
Dip Dash Up - 2
Stitch Dash - 2
Dip Line Up
Empty Circle
Dip Dash Up - 4
Stitch Dash - 4
Pattern #359
Pattern #360
Anticline
Anticline - 2
Syncline Dash - 4
Syncline Dash - 2
Syncline Dash
Syncline - 4
Syncline - 2
Syncline
Pattern #370
Pattern #369
Empty Circle - 2
Pattern #338
Pattern #320
Pattern #358
Pattern #339
Pattern #340
Pattern #321
Pattern #350
Pattern #300
Horizontal Lines
HATCH
Alluvium
Vertical Lines
GEOLOGY
Schist
Diagonal Right
Horizontal Half
Random Conglomerate
Tuff
Diagonal Left
Conglomerate
Clastic 1
Igneous
Staggered Lines
Bricks
Vertical Half
Clastic 2
Siltstone
Cross Hatch
Clastic 3
Dolomite
Basket Weave
Chert
Volcanic 1
Volcanic 2
Mudstone
Diamond
Volcanic 3
Hexagonal Triangles
OBJECTS
Dots
Random Triangles
Plus
Hexagonal Dots
Random Dots
Diagonal Plus
X'es
Dashes
Boxes
Random Plus
Random Circle
Circle
Diagonal Boxes
Random Boxes
Triangles
300 Glossary
Glossary
array channels
channels
column
database
datum
desktop
ellipsoid
A solid figure (shaped like an egg or oval) for which every cross-section is an
ellipse.
fiducials
grid
groups
GX or Geosoft eXecutable
images or image file
line
local datum transform
main window
Files containing location (X and Y) and data (Z) values. Values are typically
interpolated to create a regular and smoothly sampled representation of the
locations and data.
A set of graphics elements that make up a graphic component of the map. For
example, a line path plot, a contour plot or a profile plot would all be separate
graphics groups within the Data View.
Programmed process (identified by the *.GX file extension) used to process
data in Oasis montaj.
Files containing location (X and Y) and Colour values. The values are not
interpolated. Standard PC file types created using imaging or electronic photoediting techniques.
Linear array of observation points.
A datum adjusted for use in a specific location on the earth. Earth centre
offset, rotation, scale factor relative to WGS 84.
Primary tool used to create and maintain databases, display data and process
data. Oasis montaj is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) system that provides
all functionality required to process and display virtually any type of Earth
Science data.
Glossary 301
Map (*.MAP)
menu (*.OMN)
Oasis database
Oasis montaj
Project (*.GPF)
Projection Method
row
spheroid
sub-array channels
template
view
302 Index
Index
grids, 119
*
*. See dummy values
**. See column width
3
3D
Mapping, 262
Tool, 262
Viewer, 262
Voxel, 260
3-D shading, 153
9
-9999. See dummy values
A
Access. See Microsoft Access
accessing
online help system, 3
technical support, 3
Acrobat PDF, 3
activating
Image Colour Tool, 155
adding
contours to maps, 119
database comments, 236
printer configuration, 242
advanced
gridding, 173
mapping, 173
AGG. See Geosoft aggregate file
aggregate, 128
applying
formulas, 176
mask to a view, 135
ArcGIS
MXD file, 38
ArcView
Shapefile, 238
TIFF, 238
array channels, 307
ASCII
comma delimited, 81
importing. See Microsoft Access
ASCII files
comma delimited, 81
editing, 162
attributes
polygon, 143
Authorize
Internet, 272
AutoCAD DXF, 238
Auto-Recolour
B
base map
control file, 161
surround, 97, 99
base maps
creating, 95
custom, 161
figure style, 95
map style, 97
base view, 19, 127, 128
basic statistics, 58
batch
printing, 245
processing, 167
bi-directional gridding, 108, 190
Bigrid Control File, 113
control file, 114
BIGRID GX, 108
control file, 114
dialog controls, 113
bitmap, 150, 238
Bookmark
Snapshot, 121
bucket, 145
C
CAD tools, 125
calculating
basic statistics, 58
variogram, 193
cells
channel header, 48
data, 48
CGM Plot, 238
changes
discard, 75
saving database, 75
changing
default settings, 31
line attributes, 138
Channel
Master sample, 74
channel header cell, 48, 56, 59
channels, 307
array, 307
deleting, 65
editing, 66
listing, 56
protecting, 62
removing, 56
spreadsheet, 16
statistics, 58
type, 83
unprotecting, 62
Index 303
working, 63
clipboard
bitmap, 150
copying maps to, 150
creating montage maps, 149
EMF, 150
exporting graphics, 151
overview, 148
paste georeferenced, 149
pasting, 150
properties, 148
closing
project, 41, 123, 151
colour
interactive shading, 157
palette, 155
percentile groups, 157
polygon fill, 143
polygons, 145
shaded images, 153
spectrum, 157
zones, 155
colour bars
plotting, 178
colour imaging
interactive, 155
Colour Shading Tool, 157
colour tables
for gridding, 117
coloured symbols
plotting proportional size, 180
plotting simple, 179
column, 307
delimiters, 83
removing, 56
width, 57
Comma separated value
exporting, 81
importing, 81
comment header, 240
comments
database, 236
compression
database, 48
Computer Aided Drafting. See CAD
computer ID
eLicensing, 27
conditional expressions, 67
configuration
printing, 241
configure
printer and page, 241
configuring
settings, 31
contouring
methods, 120
Contouring
Voxel Isosurface, 261
contours
plotting, 119
control file
D
DAP
Dapple, 267
data, 267
download, 267
metadata, 267
Metadata Browser, 267
Dapple
Data, 267
Internet, 267
data
cells, 48
comma delimited, 82
correlation, 193
displaying, 56
dynamic data links, 158
geochemical, 111, 173
gridding, 108, 197
gridding random, 110
importing, 53, 80, 173
importing for kriging, 192
interpolating, 70
plotting, 198
plotting profiles, 100
processing, 58, 176
range to map, 90
selecting, 88
semivariance, 192
spikes, 67
statistical, 111
Data
Dapple, 267
data channel, 181
304 Index
Data Import Wizard, 82, 83
data values, 178
posting on map, 179
data view, 19, 127
database, 307
adding comments, 236
applying formulas, 176
channels, 48
compression, 48
creating, 47
creating second, 173
details, 235
drag-n-drop, 55, 85
editing, 66
exporting, 78
fields, 48
Geosoft, 14
groups, 48
importing data, 53
indivdual table, 78
lines, 48, 56
maintenance utilities, 235
Oasis, 14
proprietary, 14
relational, 14
saving changes, 56
single table, 78
size, 48
size limits, 236
database elements, 236
databases
creating, 80
defragmenting, 236
discard changes, 75
growing, 236
importing, 80
importing tables, 80
packing. See defragmenting
repairing, 236
saving changes, 75
verifying, 236
datum, 307
Dbase, 77
default
colour table, 32
error level reporting, 34
grid element type, 33
grid input fromat, 33
grid output fromat, 33
image cache, 34
map font, 32
menus, 32, 42
printing memory, 34
settings, 31
symbol font, 32
Default settings
SETTINGS GX, 31
default.i0, 55, 175
define x,y projections, 207
defining projection, 207
defragmenting
database, 236
deleting
channels, 65
delimited
comma, 82
desktop, 307
details
database, 235
dialog controls
Bigrid, 113
discard changes, 75
disk cache
images, 34
disk space, 236
displaying
grids, 117
interpretation map, 126
profile, 60
spreadsheet data, 56
drag-n-drop
database, 85
grid, 119
xyz, 55
drawing
base map, 95
map groups, 127
polylines, 136
symbols, 179
dummy values, 55
including in export, 240
interpolating, 70
DXF AutoCAD, 238
dynamic
data links, 158
linking, 153
links, 7, 20, 22
process link, 24
E
edge
symbol colour, 178
editing
ASCII files, 162
channels, 66
groups, 128, 131
legend boxes, 142
maps, 125
polygons, 142
scripts, 169
eLicense
Park, 29
Transfer, 30
Update, 31
eLicenses
Lock/Unlock, 31
Upgrade, 29
eLicensing, 27
Licensing management system, 27
ellipsoid, 307
Encapsulated Post Script, 238
Index 305
Enhanced Metafile, 238
Enhanced Windows Metafile, 148, 150
equal zoning, 155
ER Mapper ECW Compressor, 238
ER Mapper RGB, 238
error level reporting
default, 34
Excel. See Microsoft Excel
Explorer tools
Tools, 9
export formats, 77
exporting
graphics, 151
individual tables, 78
maps, 238
Microsoft Access, 78
single table, 78
to CSV file, 81
to database applications, 239
to GIS applications, 239
to spreadsheet applications, 239
expressions
conditional, 67
eyedropper, 145
F
fiducial, 66
fiducials, 307
figure style
base maps, 95
file types
.AGG, 38, 178
.CSV, 81
.EMF, 148, 150
.GDB, 38
.GI, 39
.GM, 39
.GPF, 38
.GRD, 38
.GS, 38, 167
.GX, 38
.ITR, 178
.MAP, 38
.MDB, 80
.MDG. See Microsoft Access
.MXD, 38
.OMN, 38
.SMN, 38
.TBL, 178
.XML, 38
.ZON, 178
ASCII. See Microsoft Access
files
for tutorial, 39
fill
patterns, 143
symbol colour, 178
filling
polygons, 145
filling gaps
using interpolation, 70
flight lines
plotting, 100
formulas
applying to database, 176
FoxPro, 77
full map, 105, 239
G
gaps
filling, 70
Gaussian value, 193
gdb
drag-n-drop, 85
GDB. See Geosoft database file
geochemical data, 111, 173
gridding, 190
georeference
connections, 158
georeferenced objects
pasting, 149
Geosoft
aggregate file, 38, 178
colour zone file, 178
database file, 38
grid file, 38
image transform file, 178
map file, 38, 39
menu file, 38
project file, 38, 40
projection file, 39
Script file, 38
sub-menu file, 38
table file, 178
XML file, 38
XYZ files, 53
Geosoft Colour Grid, 238
Geosoft eXecutables, 38, 307
description, 23
Geosoft plot file, 238
Geosoft projections, 206
Geosoft script files. See scripts
GeoTIFF, 238
Get Colour tool, 145
GI. See Geosoft projection file
GM. See Geosoft map file
GPF. See Geosoft project file
Graphical User Interface, 307
graphics
exporting, 151
high-resolution, 31
grd
drag-n-drop, 119
GRD. See Geosoft Grid file
grid, 307
creating new, 115
drag-n-drop, 119
grid element type
default, 33
grid file. See Geosoft Grid file
306 Index
grid image
exporting, 151
grid input format
default, 33
grid output format
default, 33
grid projection, 218
gridding, 87
advanced, 173
bi-directional, 108, 190
data, 108, 197
description, 108
dialog, 113
dialog controls, 114
displaying grids on maps, 117
kriging, 190
krigrid, 110
minimum curvature, 109, 188
random, 190
random data, 188
tinning, 191
trend-enforced, 112
using colour tables, 117
Gridding
Voxel, 260
grids, 307
colour shaded, 153
contouring, 119
displaying, 117
Grids
recolour, 119
groups, 307
copying, 149
creating new, 131
definition, 19
editing, 128, 131
hiding, 133
in maps, 19
in spreadsheet, 16
masking, 134, 135
moving, 133
on map, 127
pasting georeferenced, 149
selecting, 128, 131
growing databases, 236
GS, 167, See Geosoft script file file
GX. See also Geosoft eXecutables
dialog box, 23
GX Developer, 23
GXs
BIGRID, 108, 113, 114
KRIGRID, 110
MAPPLOT, 161, 162, 165
RANGRID, 110, 188
H
header cell, 56
help
accessing online, 42, 44
hiding
groups, 133
high-resolution
graphics, 31
I
image cache
default, 34
Image Colour tool, 155
images
colour shaded, 153
images or image file, 307
imaging, 153
interactive colour, 155
interactive colour shading, 157
import formats, 77
import template, 55
importing
ASCII data, 77
data, 53
data for kriging, 192
database tables, 80
databases, 80
Excel data, 77
from CSV file, 81
into second database, 173
XYZ data, 173
XYZ files, 53
indentifying
linear features, 136
Install
Administrator, 28
eLicense, 27, 28
Installing
Oasis montaj, 28
interactive
colour imaging, 155
colour shading, 157
shadowing, 155
Internet
communications, 272
connectivity, 272
interpolating
data, 70
interpretation map
displaying, 126
Isosurface
3D contour, 261
J
JPEG, 238
K
kriging, 110, 190
overview, 191
krigrid
plotting data, 198
KRIGRID GX, 110
Index 307
L
last map view, 105
layers
moving, 128
on map, 127
legend
ternary colour, 204
legend boxes
editing, 142
legend symbols, 187
legends
plotting, 178
Line Command Toolbar, 61
line path
plotting, 100
Line Selection Tool, 89
linear features
indentifying, 136
linear zoning, 155
lines, 307
changing attributes, 138
creating polygons from, 140
database maximum, 48
non-parallel, 110
on map, 127
plotting survey, 100
polylines. See polylines
selecting, 61, 88
selecting by range, 89
snapping to, 138
linking, 153
data, 22
data points, 158
dynamic, 22
objects, 22
links
dynamic process, 24
list
channels, 56
loading
menus, 42
local datum transform, 307
log contour, 120
log10, 176
M
main window, 307
maintenance
database, 235
maker, 24
manuals
accessing online, 42, 44
printing, 45
map. See also maps
Map
Base view, 19
creating, 89
Data view, 19
default font, 32
308 Index
masking
apply to view, 135
groups, 134, 135
rectangular, 134
math formula tool, 67
new channel, 64
maximum
groups, 48
lines, 48
value, 59
MDB files. See Microsoft Access
memory
printing, 34
menu, 308
menus
loading, 42
setting default, 42
Metadata
Tool, 273
viewing data, 273
Microsoft Access, 77, 79, 80
database file, 80
exporting to, 78
Microsoft Excel
exporting to, 81
importing from, 81
minimum curvature
gridding, 109, 188
interpolation method, 71
montage maps
using clipboard, 149
moving
groups, 133
multiple projections on map, 228
MXD. See ArcGIS MXD file
N
navigating
map, 102
new
channel, 64
database, 48, 80, 173
group, 131
project, 125
new channel, 63
normal zoning, 155
north arrow, 19, 95, 127
nugget, 195
O
Oasis database, 308, See database
Oasis montaj, 308
default settings, 31
integrated environment, 6
Mapping and Processing System, 4
starting, 37
Viewer, 4
oasis.omn, 42
object
maker, 24
objects
pasting georefenced, 149
ODBC. See Open Database Connectivity
offset, 150
OMN. See Geosoft menu file
online help
accessing, 3
Manuals, 42, 44
Technical notes, 42, 44
Tutorials, 42, 44
opening
maps, 126
project, 153
output format, 239
P
packing databases. See defragmenting
panning map, 104
Paradox, 77
parameters
variogram, 195
pasting
georeferenced groups, 149
on map, 150
patterns
copying, 145
polygon fill, 143
PCX, 238
PDF
Acrobat file, 3, 45
percentile groups
colour, 157
plotting. See printing
colour bars, 178
contours, 119
krigrid data, 198
legend symbols, 187
legends, 178
profiles, 100
proportional coloured symbols, 180
range classified symbols, 184
simple coloured symbols, 179
survey lines, 100
symbols, 178
zone coloured symbols, 182
PNG, 238
points
snapping to, 137
Polygon Fill tool, 145
polygons
creating from lines, 140
editing, 142
fill patterns, 143
polylines
drawing, 136
poster
using clipboard, 149
posting data values, 178, 179
power value, 193
Index 309
Powerpoint. See Microsoft Powerpoint
previewing printing, 243
printer drivers, 241
printing
batch, 245
configuration, 241
maps, 238, 241, 244
online tutorials, 45
options
Geosoft bands, 241
Geosoft bands and dither, 241
HP-RTL, 241
previewing, 243
setup, 241
printing memory
default, 34
processing
data, 58, 176
selecting data for, 88
using scripts, 167
processing speed, 48
profile view, 66
profile window, 18, 60
profiles, 18
displaying, 60
linking data, 159
options, 60, 72
plotting, 100
scale, 60, 72
variables, 18
project
closing, 41, 123, 151
creating, 39, 125
opening, 153
saving, 41, 123, 151
Project, 8
project coordinate, 208
Project Explorer, 8
projected long,lat, 214
projected x,y, 209
projecting data, 205
Projection datum, 205
Projection ellipsoid, 205
Projection Local Datum Transform, 205
projection method, 308
Projection method, 205
Projection spheriod, 205
Projection Warp, 228
projections, 205
Projects
*.gpf files, 9
proportional size
symbols, 178, 180
protecting
channels, 62
Q
quick contour, 120
R
random
gridding, 190
random data
gridding, 188
random xyz data, 308
range classified symbols, 178, 184
range/slope, 195
RANGRID GX, 110, 188
recolour
grids, 119
recording
scripts, 167
rectangular mask, 134
redraw map, 105
relief image, 153
removing
channels, 56
rendering
map groups, 127
order, 19
repairing
databases, 236
resolution
map, 150
rows, 16, 308
running
scripts, 171
S
sample
interval, 16
saving
databases, 75
project, 41, 123, 151
scale bar, 19, 94, 95, 127
scaling
profile windows, 60, 72
Script file, 38
scripts, 167
creating, 167
editing, 169
recording, 167
running, 171
sample file, 169
second database, 173
selecting
current view, 149, 150, 151
data, 88
groups, 128, 131
lines, 89
variogram model, 195, 196
semivariance, 192
semi-variogram. See variogram
setini, 169
setting
default menus, 42
settings
configuring, 31
310 Index
default, 31
setup
printing, 241
shaded images, 153
shadowing
interactive, 155
show profile, 60, 66
shrink map, 105
sill, 195
size
database, 48
SMN. See Geosoft sub-menu file
Snap to line, 138
Snap to point, 137
snapping
mode, 150
Snapshot
bookmark, 121
Map, 121
spectrum
colour, 157
speed, 48
spherical model
nugget, 195
spherical value, 193
spheroid, 308
spikes
removing, 67
spreadsheet, 16
column width, 57
columns. See channels
components, 16
description, 47, 56
displaying data, 56
linking data, 159
processing data, 176
view, 16, 56
window, 16, 61, 65, 177
statistics
channel, 58
marking, 58
report, 58
saving, 59
sub-array channels, 308
survey lines
parallel, 108
plotting, 100
tie, 108
surveys
plotting lines, 100
symbol font
default, 32
symbols
colour legend bars, 178
horizontal colour legend bars, 178
legend, 178, 187
plotting, 178
proportional size, 178, 180
range classified, 178, 184
zone coloured, 178, 182
T
template, 308
map layout, 92
xyz import, 55
ternary colour legend, 204
tie lines
gridding, 108
TIFF, 238
TIFF Compressed, 238
tinning, 191
Tool
Metadata Browser, 273
trend-enforced gridding, 112
tutorial files
list, 39
tutorials
accessing online, 42, 44
printing, 45
U
unprotecting
channels, 62
utilities
database maintenance, 235
V
value
dummy, 55
variogram
calculating, 193
parameters, 195
selecting model, 195
spherical model, 195
variogram model
selecting, 196
variograms, 191
calculating, 192
displaying, 192
verifying databases, 236
view, 308
View/Group Manager, 131
View/Group Manager Tool, 128
viewed region, 239
Viewing
Metadata, 273
views
applying a mask, 135
base, 127
changing, 150
copying, 149
data, 127
pasting, 149
Visual Basic, 23
Voxel
3D Grid, 260
3D Kriging, 260
Isosurface, 261
Index 311
W
Warp Image file, 231
Warp Projection, 228
Windows
clipboard, 148
printer driver, 241
working channels
creating, 63
working directory
creating, 39
X
XML. See Geosoft XML file
xyz
drag-n-drop, 55
XYZ data
importing, 53, 173
Z
zone colour symbols, 178, 182
zoning, 155
data, 155
zooming map, 103