Oracle General Ledger

Technical Foundation
Presented At:
Atlanta Oracle Application User Group Meeting
August 20, 1999

Presented by:

Brad Eldredge

Agenda:
u Introduction [5 min]
l Speaker & Audience
l Establish Baseline Understanding & Set Expectations
l Objectives, Assumptions, & Scope

u Technical Foundation [10 min]

l Application Technical Foundation Roles & Responsibilities
l Database Objects, Tools, & Resources

u GL Tables & Processes [20 min]

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Foundation (FND)
General Ledger Interface
General Ledger Setup
General Ledger Data

u Conclusion [5 min]
l Next Steps
l Questions & Answers
l Attend Breakout Session For More Details (Informal 1 hour)
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Introductions & Experience:

u Brad Eldredge
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Manager, Oracle|solutions
AnswerThink Consulting Group
6 years of Oracle applications experience - functional & technical / user & consultant
GL Enhancements Chairman Since Spring 1995
GL SIG Coordinator Since Fall 1998

u Audience
l Application Release? User Interface (Character, Smart Client, Internet/NCA)?
l Application Perspective
End User / Business Analyst
Technical (e.g. Developer, DBA, IT, System Support)
Other
l Roles
Current - Technical Ability (Application, Tools, & Process)
Future - Desire to become more Technical?
l Role Perspective
Consultant / Implementation
Organizational Setup / Support / Reporting / Developer
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Objectives, Assumptions, & Scope:

u Presentation Objectives
l Provide overview of technical roles, responsibilities, & tools - relating to Oracle GL
(applies generically to all applications)
l Provide understanding of major GL & FND application tables as they relate to
application processes
l Provide information about where to obtain more information & how to become more
technical

u Presentation Assumptions
l Already Familiar w/ Rel 11.0 & General Ledger application
l Commercial Installation

u Presentation - Out Of Scope Topics

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Average Balancing
Encumbrance & Budgetary Control (non-profit/govt)
How to use technical tools (e.g. SQL)
Database schema design

u Presentation Expectations
l Q&A - Please hold until end or ask during breakout session
l Aggressive agenda - We will move quickly through the materials & will only scratch
the surface
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Apps Tech Foundation Perspectives:

u Application Super Users Perspective
l Ad-hoc Reporting (e.g. Discoverer)
l OLAP tools (e.g. Oracle Financial Analyzer)
l Production Support (e.g. Fix problems, delete unwanted data, etc.)

u Implementation Perspective
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Programmatically Loading Apps Setups (e.g. COA values)

Interfaces & Extracts
Historical Data Conversion
Application Customizations

u Application Development & Support Perspective

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Custom Reports
Application Customizations & Enhancements
Oracle Alert
Oracle Discoverer - End User Layer / Business Areas
Data Warehouse / Data Mart

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Database Objects:
l Database Object - something created and stored in a database. Tables, views,
synonyms, indexes, sequences, clusters, and columns are all types of database
objects.
l Table - the basic storage structure in a relational database, which consists of one or
more units of information (rows) each containing the same kinds of values
(columns).
l View - a database object that is a logical representation of a table, which is derived
from a table but has no storage of its own and often may be used in the same
manner as a table.
l Synonym - a name assigned to a table or view that may thereafter be used to refer
to it.
l Index - an Oracle feature used primarily to speed execution and impose uniqueness
upon certain data. Indexes provide a faster access method to a tables data instead
of being required to perform a full table scan. Works similar to a card catalog.
l Sequence - a database object used to generate unique integers for use as primary
keys.
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Technical Tools Introduction:

u Data Dictionary (yellow pages for the database)
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DBA_ Tables
Views
Joins / Primary - Foreign key relationships
Table indexes & sequences
Etc.

u Data Definition Language (DDL)

l Creating / Changing database objects . . .
l Create Table, Alter Table, Drop Table
l Granting Database access & object privileges

u Data Manipulation Language (DML)

l Changing data w/i tables . . .
l Select, Insert, Update, Delete

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Technical Tools:
u SQL (Structured Query Language) - used to perform DDL &

DML commands (SQL*Plus)

u SQL*Loader - used to load data from flat files into Oracle

database tables

u PL/SQL - used to perform programming logic (e.g. If . . .

Then . . . Else)

u Developer 2000 - used to develop custom forms, reports,

etc.

u Designer 2000 - case tool used to design database

schemas & generate custom tables

u Discoverer 2000 - Adhoc query & reporting tool used to

access data in database tables

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Technical Tools Contd:

u Operating System:
l Operating system commands & navigation(e.g. Unix)
l Operating system file structure
l Text Editor (e.g. Unix vi)

u Connectivity Tools:
l FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
l Telnet

u Understanding of server & database connectivity:

l IP Address / Host Name
l TNSNAMES.ORA file (c:\orawin\network\admin\ directory)
l IDs & Passwords (e.g. Operating System & Database)

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Database vs. Application Security:

u Database Level Security:
l Database Users (e.g. GL, AP, AR, APPLSYS, etc.) - own all database objects & have
been granted privileges to access
l Database IDs required for ALL tools which directly access Oracle database objects
(e.g. SQL*Plus, Discoverer, Developer / Designer 2000, etc.)

u Application Level Security:

l System Administration application - controls application access (via forms, reports,
programs, etc.) to database objects through Data Groups, which are assigned to
User Responsibilities
l End users sheltered from the database level of security when accessing via Oracle
applications
l APPS schema contains privileges to access ALL application objects owned by
Oracle-defined database users (e.g. GL, AP, AR, APPLSYS, etc.)

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Linking Applications To Back-End:

u From w/i Oracle applications, use the following menu command... Help |

About This Record, which indicates the base table or view associated with
the active form

u Examine Utility . . . Accessed via Oracle application menu . . . Help |

Tools | Examine. This utility can be secured via a profile option & requires
knowledge of the Apps database password. Permits viewing of contextsensitive information associated w/ form (ties front end application to back
end database)

u Oracle Application Technical Reference Manuals (TRMs) - Learn about

primary/foreign key relationships & tables impacted by various modules

u Oracle Application User Guides; Application Object Library & System

Administration

u SQL Trace Utility . . . Accessed via Oracle application menu . . . Help |

Tools | Trace - creates a log file of SQL calls

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Technical Education Resources:

u Books such as . . . ORACLE The Complete Reference by George

Koch & Kevin Loney

u Oracle Education . . . Technical / Application Developer Tracks .

. . Introduction to Oracle (5-day course on SQL*Plus & PL/SQL)

u Computer Based Training (CBT) l

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SQL
PL/SQL
SQL*Loader
UNIX

u OAUG - conferences & white papers

u Exploring - Using the tools / utilities & methods identified in

Linking Applications To Back End

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Oracle Table Types:

In Scope For Today:
u GL Application Foundation (FND) Tables
l Accounting Flexfield - FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURES & FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS
l Value Sets - FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS
l Segment Values - FND_FLEX_VALUES & FND_FLEX_VALUES_TL

u GL Application - Setup Tables

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Set of Books - GL_SETS_OF_BOOKS

Code Combinations - GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS
Calendar - GL_PERIODS, GL_PERIOD_STATUSES
Budget Definitions - GL_BUDGETS, GL_BUDGET_ENTITIES, GL_BUDGET_VERSIONS

u GL Application - Open Interface Tables

l Actuals Interface - GL_INTERFACE
l Budget Interface - GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE
l Daily Foreign Currency Rates - GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE

u GL Application - Transaction & Balance Data Tables

l Journal Entries (Transactions) - GL_JE_BATCHES, GL_JE_HEADERS, GL_JE_LINES
l Balances - GL_BALANCES

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Oracle Table Types Contd:

Out Of Scope For Today:
u GL Application Definition Tables
l Cross Validation Rules - FND_FLEX_VALIDATION_RULES &
FND_FLEX_VALIDATION_RULE_LINES
l Mass Allocations - GL_ALLOC_BATCHES, GL_ALLOC_FORMULAS,
GL_ALLOC_FORMULA_LINES

u Application Lookup Tables

l GL Lookup Values (e.g. A, B, E) - GL_LOOKUPS
l FND Lookup Values - FND_LOOKUPS

u GL Application Processing & Temporary Tables

l Control - GL_INTERFACE_CONTORL
l Temporary - GL_POSTING_INTERIM, GL_TEMPORARY_COMBINATIONS

u GL Application Archive, Log, & History Tables

l History - GL_ALLOC_HISTORY, GL_ARCHIVE_HISTORY, GL_INTERFACE_HISTORY
l Archive & Purge - GL_ARCHIVE_BATCHES
l Log - GL_IMPORT_REFERENCES
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GL Objects Trivia:
u Oracle General Ledger - Release 11.0 contains . . .
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130 tables, excluding temporary processing tables

70 forms
140 concurrent programs / reports
Note: These counts do NOT reflect tables and forms, which are part of and
accessible to the GL application, but are NOT owned by the GL user (e.g. FND
objects owned by APPLSYS are NOT included).

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Applsys / Foundation Tables:

u Database tables beginning with FND_, often referred to as

Foundation are common across many applications (e.g. Key &

Descriptive Flexfields)

u Owner for FND_ Database Objects . . . APPLSYS

u In order to be recognized by Oracle Applications, all tables, forms,

concurrent programs / executables, etc. must be registered;

Registration occurs via the Application Object Library application
using the responsibilities called Application Developer and
System Administrator

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GL Technical Foundation - Tables :

Application Setup Tables

FND_

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Tables - Application Setup (FND) :

u FND_APPLICATION (_TL)
l APPLICATION_ID = 101 (Identifies Oracle General Ledger)

u FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURES (_TL) - Identifies information

about each Key Flexfield w/i Oracle Applications

l Accounting Key Flexfield; ID_FLEX_CODE = GL#
l Accounting Key Flexfield; ID_FLEX_NAME = 101

u FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS (_TL) - Identifies information about

Accounting Flexfiled Segments

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Segment Name
Segment Order
Flex Value Set ID - Ties segments to value sets
Application Column Name (e.g. SEGMENT1 w/i GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS)

u FND_CURRENCIES (_TL)
l Currency Code - Ties to Set of Books, GL Data, & Interface Tables

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Tables - Application Setup (FND) Contd:

u FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS
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Flex Value Set ID (Primary Key which uniquely identifies records)

Validation Type (e.g. Independent, Dependent, Table, None, etc.)
Format Type (e.g. Char, Numeric, Date, etc.)
Maximum Size
Alphanumeric, Alpha Only, Numeric Only; Uppercase Alpha Flag

u FND_FLEX_VALUES (_TL)
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Segment Value
Description
Flex Value Set ID - Associates Segment Value w/ Value Set
Parent Flag
Enabled Flag
50 Descriptive Flexfields available

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Table - FND_FLEX_VALUES :
Name
------------------------------FLEX_VALUE_SET_ID
FLEX_VALUE_ID
FLEX_VALUE
ENABLED_FLAG
SUMMARY_FLAG
START_DATE_ACTIVE
END_DATE_ACTIVE
PARENT_FLEX_VALUE_LOW
PARENT_FLEX_VALUE_HIGH
STRUCTURED_HIERARCHY_LEVEL
HIERARCHY_LEVEL
COMPILED_VALUE_ATTRIBUTES
VALUE_CATEGORY
ATTRIBUTE1 - ATTRIBUTE50

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
--------------NUMBER(10)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(150)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
DATE
DATE
VARCHAR2(60)
VARCHAR2(60)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(2000)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(240)

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Table - FND_FLEX_VALUES Contd:

l Notes:
Table contains seed data
Always take an export of base tables before modifying w/ SQL*Plus
l Primary Key = FLEX_VALUE_ID; generated from table sequence, which should be
called by SQL*Plus script
l Foreign Key = FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS.FLEX_VALUE_SET_ID
l COMPILED_VALUE_ATTRIBUTES (Segment Qualifiers) - must utilize syntax to
reference data . . . Y||chr(10)||Y||Chr(10)||A
l Account Types inherited by Account Code Combinations only @ CCID creation time;
Gotcha > Retained Earnings Year-end Closeout
l Language / Descriptions TL_ Tables
l Ensure SQL*Plus script verifies that data in staging table meets the respective Value
Set constraints prior to populating the Oracle base table.

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Loading FND_FLEX_VALUES:
u Implementation Requirement: Setup Chart of Accounts
u Problem: No Interface table to load COA values!
u Solution: Extract values from legacy system, apply formatting / data

cleansing, automate the load directly into Oracle base tables

u Process: Accounting Flexfield Structure (COA)

l Create Value Set (via forms) > FND_FLEX_VALUE_SETS
l Create Key Segments (via forms) > FND_ID_FLEX_SEGMENTS &
FND_ID_FLEX_STRUCTURE
l Load & Verify Key Segment Values > FND_FLEX_VALUES & FND_FLEX_VALUES_TL
Create & populate Excel Template (based on Value Set definitions)
Save As .txt, .csv, or .prn file type

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Loading FND_FLEX_VALUES Contd:

Create SQL*Loader control file (.ctl)
Create custom database tables for data staging
FTP files (text file & control file) to server
Execute SQL*Loader referencing text & control files
Verify successful loads by reviewing .log & .bad files; Review data loaded into
custom staging table(s)
Perform additional staging & data manipulation (if necessary)
SQL*Plus: Create script & run to load data from staging into base tables
Verify successful load & run compile flexfields concurrent request via Oracle
application form (e.g. Key Segment Values)

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GL Technical Foundation - Tables :

Accounting Cycle & GL Setup Tables

GL_

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Table - GL_SETS_OF_BOOKS :
Name
------------------------------SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
NAME
SHORT_NAME
CHART_OF_ACCOUNTS_ID
CURRENCY_CODE
PERIOD_SET_NAME
SUSPENSE_ALLOWED_FLAG
ALLOW_INTERCOMPANY_POST_FLAG
ENABLE_JE_APPROVAL_FLAG
MRC_SOB_TYPE_CODE
FUTURE_ENTERABLE_PERIODS_LIMIT
LATEST_OPENED_PERIOD_NAME
RET_EARN_CODE_COMBINATION_ID
CUM_TRANS_CODE_COMBINATION_ID
DESCRIPTION
ATTRIBUTE1 - 15

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
-------------NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(30)
VARCHAR2(20)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(240)
VARCHAR2(150)

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Table - GL_CODE_COMBINATIONS :
Name
------------------------------CODE_COMBINATION_ID
CHART_OF_ACCOUNTS_ID
DETAIL_POSTING_ALLOWED_FLAG
DETAIL_BUDGETING_ALLOWED_FLAG
ACCOUNT_TYPE
ENABLED_FLAG
SUMMARY_FLAG
SEGMENT1 - 30
DESCRIPTION
TEMPLATE_ID
ATTRIBUTE1 - 10

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
-----------NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(25)
VARCHAR2(240)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(150)

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Table - GL_PERIODS :
Name
------------------------------PERIOD_SET_NAME
PERIOD_NAME
START_DATE
END_DATE
YEAR_START_DATE
QUARTER_START_DATE
PERIOD_TYPE
PERIOD_YEAR
PERIOD_NUM
QUARTER_NUM
ENTERED_PERIOD_NAME
ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD_FLAG

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT

NULL
NULL
NULL
NULL
NULL
NULL

Type
-----------VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
DATE
DATE
DATE
DATE
VARCHAR2(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)

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Table - GL_PERIOD_STATUSES :
Name
------------------------------APPLICATION_ID
SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
PERIOD_NAME
CLOSING_STATUS

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
-----------NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)

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Tables - Budget Setup:

u GL_BUDGETS
l Stores budget definitions from Define Budget form
l Budget Name, Set of Books ID, Valid Period Range (e.g. First & Last periods)

u GL_BUDGET_VERSIONS
l Stores information about budget versions - currently Oracle only supports
one budget version per budget definition

u GL_BUDGET_ENTITIES
l Stores information about budget organizations. Each row includes the
organization name and the set of books ID. This is the base table for the
Define Budget Organization form.

u GL_BUDGET_ASSIGNMENT_RANGES
l Stores the account ranges assigned to each budget organization

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GL Technical Foundation - Tables :

GL Open Interface Tables

GL_

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Application Open Interface Tables (GL) :

GL_INTERFACE
Used to import journal entry transactions (budget, actual, encumbrance, and statistical)
from external sources. Also used to send transactions between sets of books (e.g.
Consolidation, MRC, CENTRA, etc.).
Notes:
Requires calendar periods to be Open or Future. The Journal Import program
transfers data from the Interface table into the Oracle base tables (e.g. GL_JE_BATCHES,
GL_JE_HEADERS, and GL_JE_LINES).
The Journal Posting program changes the posting status w/i the GL_JE_ tables,
updates the GL_BALANCES table, creates Intercompany Balancing transactions, Suspense
Posting transactions, etc.

GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE
Used to import budget data directly into GL_BALANCES table without requiring accounting
periods to be open or run the Journal Posting program

GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE
Used to automates the loading of currency conversion rates into the GL_DAILY_RATES
table.
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Open Interface Table Diagram :

Legacy System(s) / GLDI

Oracle GL - Open Interface Tables

GL_INTERFACE

GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE

Run Journal Import

Run Budget Upload

GL_JE_BATCHES

GL_BALANCES

GL_JE_HEADERS
GL_JE_LINES

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Table - GL_INTERFACE :
Name
------------------------------STATUS
SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
ACCOUNTING_DATE
CURRENCY_CODE
ACTUAL_FLAG
USER_JE_CATEGORY_NAME
USER_JE_SOURCE_NAME
BUDGET_VERSION_ID
SEGMENT1-30
ENTERED_DR
ENTERED_CR
ACCOUNTED_DR
ACCOUNTED_CR
REFERENCE1-30
CODE_COMBINATION_ID
ATTRIBUTE1-20

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
---VARCHAR2(50)
NUMBER(15)
DATE
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(25)
VARCHAR2(25)
NUMBER
VARCHAR2(25)
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
VARCHAR2(100)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(150)

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Table - GL_BUDGET_INTERFACE :
Name
------------------------------BUDGET_NAME
BUDGET_ENTITY_NAME
CURRENCY_CODE
FISCAL_YEAR
UPDATE_LOGIC_TYPE
BUDGET_ENTITY_ID
SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
CODE_COMBINATION_ID
BUDGET_VERSION_ID
PERIOD_TYPE
STATUS
ACCOUNT_TYPE
PERIOD1_AMOUNT
SEGMENT1 - 30

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
-----------VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(25)
VARCHAR2(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
VARCHAR2(25)
NUMBER
VARCHAR2(25)

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Table - GL_DAILY_RATES_INTERFACE :
Name
------------------------------FROM_CURRENCY
TO_CURRENCY
FROM_CONVERSION_DATE
TO_CONVERSION_DATE
USER_CONVERSION_TYPE
CONVERSION_RATE
INVERSE_CONVERSION_RATE

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
------------VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
DATE
DATE
VARCHAR2(30)
NUMBER
NUMBER

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GL Technical Foundation - Tables :

GL Transaction & Balance Data Tables

GL_

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Tables - Transactions & Balances :

Transactional (Detail) Data:

Balance (Summary) Data:

GL_JE_BATCHES
1
M

GL_JE_HEADERS
1
M

GL_JE_LINES

GL_BALANCES

Transactions summarized by code combination & stored in Balances table

during the Journal Posting program

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Data Tables - GL_JE_LINES :

Name
------------------------------JE_HEADER_ID
JE_LINE_NUM
SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
CODE_COMBINATION_ID
PERIOD_NAME
EFFECTIVE_DATE
STATUS
ENTERED_DR
ENTERED_CR
ACCOUNTED_DR
ACCOUNTED_CR
DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE_1 - _5
ATTRIBUTE1 - 20

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
------------NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
DATE
VARCHAR2(1)
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
VARCHAR2(240)
VARCHAR2(240)
VARCHAR2(150)

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Data Tables - GL_BALANCES :

Name
------------------------------SET_OF_BOOKS_ID
CODE_COMBINATION_ID
CURRENCY_CODE
PERIOD_NAME
ACTUAL_FLAG
BUDGET_VERSION_ID
TRANSLATED_FLAG
PERIOD_NET_DR
PERIOD_NET_CR
BEGIN_BALANCE_DR
BEGIN_BALANCE_CR
PERIOD_NET_DR_BEQ
PERIOD_NET_CR_BEQ
BEGIN_BALANCE_DR_BEQ
BEGIN_BALANCE_CR_BEQ
TEMPLATE_ID

Null?
-------NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

Type
-----------NUMBER(15)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
NUMBER(15)
VARCHAR2(1)
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER
NUMBER(15)

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Next Steps:
u Get involved by performing technical tasks
u Get to know and work closely with technical resources (e.g.

Application Developers, DBAs, etc.)

u Take Technical Courses

u Obtain a UNIX ID/PW and Database User ID/PW in a

development environment

u Save information to database via Oracle application forms

and then use tools / utilities to view results in database

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Questions:

Contact Info: Brad Eldredge

Email: beldredge@answerthink.com
Phone: 770.690.9700, ext 3092

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