Đồ Án Tốt Nghiệp

N TT NGHIP
GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA
LI M U
Sn l loi cy hoa mu mang li hiu qu kinh t cao nhiu nc trn th gii. N
c du nhp vo Vit Nam vo gia th k 18 v sm thch ng vi iu kin kh hu,
th nhng ni y. Sn c trng ch yu vng trung du v min ni. Hin nay,
nc ta, sn c s dng ch yu lm nguyn liu sn xut tinh bt sn. Cy sn
chuyn i vai tr t cy lng thc thc phm thnh cy cng nghip. Trng sn l
ngun thu nhp quan trng ca cc h nng dn ngho do sn d trng, t kn t, t vn
u t, ph hp sinh thi v iu kin kinh t nng h.
Nh p dng nhiu ging mi c nng sut cao v c hm lng b t ln nh ging
KM60, KM94, Trong nhng nm gn y, nng lc sn xut v bin sn ca Vit Nam
c bc tin b ng k.
Sn v sn phm t sn l mt hng tng trng nng trong nhng nm qua v ph
thuc vo nhu cu nhp khu ca cc nc, do vy, ngh trng sn rt d b tc ng nu
cc th trng gim nhu cu nhp khu. Vic a dng ha th trng xut khu s gp
phn hn ch s ph thuc vo th trng truyn thng, c th dn n tnh trng cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam b p gi. V m ra nhiu hng i mi cho vic sn xut sn
Vit Nam. Mt trong nhng hng i l sn xut tinh bt sn xut khu.
Ngun tinh bt sn xut ra c ng dng rng ri trong ngnh thc phm v dc
phm nh: sn xut bt ngt, m n lin, sn xut bnh ko, l nguyn liu ng ha
dch mantose, glucose, fructose v mt s cht lm ngt khc. Khi c h ha tinh bt
sn c kh nng to do, dnh, trong, v qunh nn c s dng lm ko dnh v ph gia
sn xut cc loi thuc vin.
Vi kh nng cung cp nguyn liu v tnh ng dng cao ca c sn, nhiu nh my
sn xut tinh bt sn c xy dng v i vo n nh sn xut c 3 min bc, trung,
nam. Vi nhng kin thc c hc cng vi nhng kin thc thc t, ti la chn
ti Thit k nh my sn xut tinh bt sn nng sut 40000 tn nguyn liu/
nm.
THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 1
LP LUN KINH T - K THUT
1.1 S cn thit phi u t

Trong chin lc ton cu cy sn ang c tn vinh l mt trong nhng loi cy
lng thc d dng thch hp vi nhng vng t cn ci v l loi cy cng nghip trin
vng c kh nng cnh tranh cao vi nhiu loi cy cng nghip khc. nc ta cy sn
chuyn i nhanh chng vai tr t cy lng thc truyn thng sang cy cng nghip,
s hi nhp m rng th trng sn to nn nhng c hi ch bin tinh bt, tinh bt
bin tnh bng ha cht v enzyme, gp phn vo s pht trin kinh t t nc. Chnh
v th vic xy dng nh my sn xut tinh bt sn nc ta l vic cn thit.
1.2
La chn a im xy dng.
Thit k nh my d kin s t nh my ti khu cng nghip Ph Bi m rng
thuc huyn Hng Thy, tnh Tha Thin Hu.
Vi KCN Ph Bi c tng din tch 818 ha, nm cch trung tm thnh ph Hu
khong 15 km, cnh sn bay Ph Bi, nm dc theo tuyn Quc l 1A v ng st Bc
Nam; cch cng bin Chn My 40 km v pha Nam, cng bin Thun An 15 km v pha
Bc [16].
Tnh hnh kh hu ti tnh Tha Thin Hu [12].
- Nhit trung bnh nm: 25 0C
- Lng ma trung bnh nm: 2500 mm/ nm
- m trung bnh nm: 85 86 %
- Hng gi chnh: ng Nam
1.3. Ngun nguyn liu [16]
Nh my c t ti khu cng nghip Ph Bi, tnh Tha Thin Hu. y c th
ni l trung tm ca cc ngun nguyn liu nh huyn A Li, Phong in, Nam ng,
Hng Tr, Ph Lc, ngoi ra c th nhp ngun nguyn liu t tnh Qung Tr, tnh
Qung Bnh, Qung Nam,vv.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Nguyn liu cho nh my l c sn ti nn rt d dng cho vic thu mua, c bit

n li thch hp cho vic trng vi nhng vng t cn ci tri dc vng duyn hi min
Trung, nn ngun nguyn liu rt di do.
1.4. Ngun in
Ngun in c ly t trm 110 KV Ph Bi, cng sut 1 x25 MVA. Trm ch yu
cung cp in cho cc ph ti ca khu cng nghip Ph Bi. Xy dng khu bin p cung
cp in cho nh my.
1.5. Ngun cp v thot nc
Nc l mt trong nhng nguyn liu cn thit ca nh my. Nc dng cho nhiu
mc ch khc nhau nh: ch bin, v sinh thit b v dng cho sinh hot. Nc s dng
phi t cc ch tiu v ch s coli, cng, nhit , hn hp v c, hu c trong nc.
Nh my s dng nc t nh my nc ca khu cng nghip. Ngoi ra ngun nc
cn c ly t cc ging khoan v c x l t yu cu ca nc thy cc.
Nh my sn xut tinh bt sn l mt trong nhng nh my c lng nc thi
nhiu, v vy vn x l nc thi, thot nc rt quan trng. Do nc thi cha nhiu
cht cht ha c d phn gii, n l mi trng dinh dng thun li cho vi sinh vt sng
v pht trin, chng gy mi hi thi rt kh chu. Nc thi c x l mt cch khoa
hc, trnh gy nhim cho khu vc xung quanh [13].
1.6. Ngun nhn lc
Ngun nhn lc tnh Tha Thin Hu rt phong ph nh nhn lc t lao ng ph
thng, k s, c nhn s p ng c nhng yu cu ca nh my.
Vic thit k nh my khng nhng lm tng trng kinh t m cn gim thiu s
tht nghip cho ngi dn, to cng n vic lm cho ngi dn.
1.7. S hp tc ha
S hp tc ha cng gp phn quan trng cho s tn vong ca nh my, lm tng li
nhun, gim gi thnh sn phm, lm gim thi gian s dng vn u t. S hp tc ha
bng cch s dng chung cng trnh in nc, giao thng, bn ch phm nh my ny
lm nguyn liu cho nh my khc
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Sau dy chuyn cng ngh, ngoi sn phm tinh bt sn ra th cn c b sn, ph

phm ny s bn cho nh my ch bin thc n gia sc lm nguyn liu. S hp tc
ha ny s gip tiu th c b sn mt ph phm khng cn cho nh my nhng li
gip tng hiu qu kinh t, trnh gy nhim mi trng.
1.8. Giao thng vn ti
Khu cng nghip Ph bi nm cch trung tm thnh ph Hu khong 15 km, cnh
sn bay Ph Bi, nm dc theo tuyn Quc l 1A v ng st Bc Nam, cch cng
bin Chn My 40 km v pha Nam, cng bin Thun An 15 km v pha Bc. Cho nn rt
thun li cho giao thng vn ti.
1.9. Th trng tiu th sn phm
Sn phm ca nh my s bn cho cc nh my x nghip sn xut bnh ko, bt
ngt, trong nc hoc xut khu ra nc ngoi.
Kt lun: T cc phn tch trn cho thy vic xy dng nh my tinh bt sn nng
xut 40000 tn nguyn liu / nm ti a im chn l thch hp v cn thit.
Chng 2
TNG QUAN
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
2.1
Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn Vit Nam [14].

Vit Nam, sn l cy lng thc quan trng ng hng th ba sau la v ng. Cy
sn hin nay chuyn i vai tr t cy lng, thc thc phm thnh cy cng nghip
hng ha c li th cnh tranh cao. Sn xut sn l ngun thu nhp quan trng ca cc h
nng dn ngho do sn d trng, t kn t, t vn u t, ph hp sinh thi v iu kin
kinh t nng h.Hin nay nhiu nng dn Vit Nam tch cc p dng ging v tin b
k thut mi vo sn xut.
S liu thng k cng cho bit, din tch trng sn ca c nc c 560 nghn ha, vi
tng sn lng t gn 9,4 triu tn. 30% sn lng thu c phc v nhu cu tiu dng
trong nc lm lng thc, ch bin thc n chn nui, cng nghip dc phm, lm
nguyn liu sn xut xng sinh hc, cn cng nghip, v.v... 70% c xut khu di
dng tinh bt hoc sn lt kh.
Nhiu nh my ch bin sn trong nc cng c xy dng. Trn phm vi c
nc, c khong 60 nh my ch bin tinh bt sn c quy m cng nghip vi tng cng
sut ch bin mi nm hn na triu tn tinh bt sn, tng ng vi nhu cu s dng gn
2,5 triu tn c sn ti, bng 30% sn lng c nc, tng gp i s nh my v gp 3
v cng sut so vi 5 nm trc y v 6 nh my ch bin nhin liu sinh hc (ethanol)
ang c trin khai, to thun li cho sn xut sn. Cc nh my ny c a im xy
dng tri rng trn ton quc, thun li cho vic thu mua nguyn liu v gim chi ph vn
chuyn. Ngai ra, cn c trn 4000 c s ch bin sn lt, tinh bt sn th cng c cng
sut di 10 tn c ti/ngy nm ri rc hu ht cc tnh trng sn, ch yu cc tnh
pha Nam nh Ty Ninh, ng Nai.
Sn phm sn Vit Nam c nhu cu cao i vi th trng xut khu v tiu th ni
a. Vit Nam hin sn xut mi nm gn 10 triu tn sn c ti, trong khong 70%
dnh cho xut khu v 30% cho tiu th trong nc. Vit Nam hin tr thnh nc
xut khu tinh bt sn ng th hai trn th gii sau Thi Lan.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Trong cc loi cy lng thc, sn l cy trng cho ngun nguyn liu c kh nng
ch bin sn phm vo loi phong ph nht. Sn phm t cy sn c s dng nhiu
trong lnh vc kinh t i sng.
2.2
c im ca cy sn, cu to v thnh phn ha hc ca c sn.
2.2.1
c im ca cy sn [10].
Cy sn hay cn gi l cy khoai m l cy lng thc a m nn c trng nhiu

nhng nc c kh hu nhit i, c tn khoa hc l Maniht esculenta Crantza.
Sn c nhiu loi khc nhau v mu sc, thn cy, l, v c, tht c. Tuy nhin, trong
cng nghip sn xut tinh bt ngi ta phn sn thnh hai loi sn ng v sn ngt.
-
Sn ng: cho nng sut cao, c to, hm lng tinh bt trong c cao, c nhiu
nha c, hm lng cyanhydric cao, n ti b ng c.
Sn ngt: gm tt c cc loi sn c hm lng cyanhydric thp, loi sn ny c

hm lng tinh bt thp, n ti khng b ng c.
Hin nay, loi sn ang trng ch yu l loi sn ng v cc ging sn ny cho nng

sut v hm lng tinh bt tng i cao.
2.2.2 Cu to ca c sn [10].
Hnh 2.1 Cu to ca c sn [10]

C sn thng thun di hai u, ty theo tnh cht t v iu kin trng m kch
thc ca c dao ng trong khong:
Chiu di t 0,1- 0,5m
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
ng knh c t 2 - 8cm
C thng c 4 phn chnh gm: v g, v c, tht c v li.
Hnh 2.2 Cu to mt ct ngang ca c sn [10]

a. V g.
- Chim 0,5 3% khi lng c. Gm cc t bo c cu to t cellulose v
hemicellulose, hu nh khng c tinh bt.
- V g l lp ngoi cng, sn si, mu nu thm, cha cc sc t c trng
- C tc dng gi cho c rt bn, khng b tc ng c hc bn ngoi.
b. V c.
-
Dy hn v g, chim khong 8 15% trng lng c.

Gm cc t bo c cu to bi cellulose v bn trong l ht tinh bt (5 8%),
cht cha Nit v dch bo (nha) c nh hng ti mu ca tinh bt khi ch bin.

Gia cc lp v l mng li ng dn nha c, trong m c nhiu tanin, enzyme
v cc sc t.
c. Tht c.
-
L thnh phn ch yu ca c.
Gm cc t bo nh m: v t bo l cellulose, pentozan; bn trong l ht tinh bt,

nguyn sinh cht, cc glucid ha tan v nhiu cht vi lng khc. Phn b hm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
lng tinh bt trong tht c gim dn t phn tht c st v n li.

-
Ngoi cc lp t bo nh m cn c cc t bo thnh cng khng cha tinh bt

(cu to t cellulose) cng nh g gi l x. Loi t bo ny thng thy u
cung ca c sn gi v nhng c bin dng trong qu trnh pht trin.
d. Li.
-
Thng tm dc sut t cung ti ui c, cung to nht ri nh dn ti ui

c.
Chim 0,3% - 1% trng lng ton c, c thnh phn ch yu l cellulose v

hemicellulose.
Sn c li ln v nhiu x s nh hng n hiu sut v nng sut nghin khi ch

bin.
Ngoi cc thnh phn trn, c sn cn cung v r ui. Cc thnh phn ny c cu

to ch yu l l cellulose nn gy kh khn trong ch bin.
2.2.3
Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn.
Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn dao ng trong mt khong kh rng, ph thuc vo:

ging, tnh cht ca t,iu kin pht trin ca cy, thi gian thu hoch (y l yu t
quan trng nh hng n hm lng tinh bt c trong c).
Bng 2.1 T l %(theo khi lng) cc thnh phn c trong c sn [14]
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Thnh phn
Nc
Tinh bt
Protid
Lipit
Cellulose
ng
Tro
T l %
70,25
21,45
1,12
0,4
1,11
5,13
0,54
Trong c sn , hm lng cc axit amin khng c cn i, tha arginin nhng li

thiu cc acid amin cha lu hunh.Cng nh phn ln cc loi ht v c, thnh phn
chnh ca c sn l tinh bt . Ngoi ra, trong sn cn c cc cht: m, mui khong, lipit,
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
x v mt s vitamin B1, B2.

a. Nc.
Lng m trong c khoai m ti rt cao, chim khong 70% khi lng ton c.
Lng m cao khin cho vic bo qun c ti rt kh khn. V vy ta phi ra ch
bo qun c hp l ty tng iu kin c th.
b. Glucid.
Tinh bt
L thnh phn quan trng ca c sn, n quyt nh gi tr s dng ca chng.
Tinh bt gm hai thnh phn:
Amylose: 15 25%.
Amylopectin: 75 85%.
T l Amylopectin: Amylose trong tinh bt sn cao (80:20) nn gel tinh bt c nht,
kt dnh cao v kh nng gel b thoi ha thp.
Khi ht tinh bt sn b v, c th quan st c cc rnh to cu trc xp ca ht. Cc
rnh v nh hnh ko di t b mt ti tm ca ht to thnh cc l xp. Chnh cc l xp
ny gip nc thm nhp vo gip trng n tinh bt, ph v cc lin kt hidro gia cc
phn t trong cu trc tinh th, to iu kin cho tc dng phn hy ca enzyme. Tinh bt
sn c cu trc ht tng i xp, lin kt gia cc phn t trong cu trc tinh th yu, v
vy n d b phn hy bi cc tc nhn nh acid v enzyme hn so vi cc loi tinh bt
khc nh bp, go.
Nhit h ha tinh bt sn trong khong 58,5-70 0C so vi 56-660C khoai ty v
62-720C tinh bt bp. Vic to ra cc dn xut ca tinh bt nh lin kt ngang hay vic
thm cc cht c hot tnh b mt c th thay i nhit h ha. Nhit h ha cng
nh hng n cht lng nu ca tinh bt, nhit h ha thp thng lm cht lng
nu thp do tin bt d b ph v.
n v ha tan ca tinh bt cng l tnh cht quan trng v cng rt khc nhau
gia cc dng tinh bt. Tnh cht ny ca tinh bt sn ph thuc rt nhiu vo ging , iu
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
10 GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA
kin mi trng sng, thi im thu hoch nhng li khng lin quan n kch thc ht
hay trng lng phn t tinh bt.
Cu trc gel ca tinh bt sn c bn cao hn so vi nhiu loi ng cc khc nn
c ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip thc phm, c bit vi nhng sn phm phi
bo qun trong thi gian di.
Hm lng tinh bt trong c sn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: iu kin kh hu,
ging, thi gian thu hoch, bo qunnhng quan trng nht vn l thi gian thu hoch.
Chng hn nh: Sn 6 thng th thu hoch khong t thng 10 11 l tt nht( thi gian
thu hoch ph thuc vo ging sn) s cho nng sut v hm lng tinh bt cao nht. Nu
thu hoch sm th nng sut c thp, lng tinh bt t, lng cht ha tan cao.Cn nu thu
hoch tr qu th hm lng tinh bt s gim, thnh phn x tng, mt phn tinh bt thy
phn thnh ng nui mm non.
Tinh bt sn c mt s tnh cht c trng rt c li khi s dng chng lm nguyn
liu trong ch bin thc phm nh:
-
Tinh bt sn khng c mi nn rt thun tin khi s dng chng cng vi cc thnh
phn c mi trong thc phm.

Tinh bt sn trong nc sau khi c gia nhit s to thnh sn phm c dng st
trong sut nn rt thun tin trong vic s dng cng vi cc tc nhn to mu
khc.
T l amylopectin: Amylose trong tinh bt sn cao (80:20) nn gel tinh bt c
nht, kt dnh cao v kh nng gel b thoi ha thp.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
n
g
ng trong c sn ch yu l glucoza v mt t maltoza, saccaroza. Sn cng
gi th hm lng ng cng gim.

- Trong ch bin, ng ho tan trong nc c thi ra trong nc dch.
Cellulose
- Cellulose trong c sn c hm lng khng nhiu, ch yu tp trung phn ci
sn v lp v g v li sn.
c. Lipit.
- Sn l loi cy lng thc ngho cht bo, hm lng cht bo trong c sn rt
thp.
d. Protid.
- Protid l thanh phn cha c nghin cu k, tuy nhin v hm lng thp nn
-
cng t nh hng ti quy trnh cng ngh.

Trong c sn, hm lng acid amine khng c cn i: Tha arginine nhng
li thiu cc acid amine cha lu hunh.
Bng 2.2 Hm lng cc acid amine c trong c sn [6]
Acid amine
Lysine
Methionine
Hm lng (mg/100g protid)

30
13
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Arginine
Histidine
3
33
23
21
30
20
40
13
e. Vitamin
- Vitamin trong c sn ch yu thuc nhm B. Trong vitamin B1 c khong
0,03mg, vitamin B2 : 0,03mg, vitamin PP : 0,06% .
2.2.4. Cc hp cht khc [11]
Ngoi nhng cht dinh dng trn, trong c sn cn c cha cc c t. tanin, sc
t v cc h enzime phc tp. y l nhng cht gy nh hng xu n cht lng tinh
bt sau ny (ch yu l v mu sc).
a. c t
Trong c sn HCN tn ti di dng cyanogenic glucoside gm 2 loi linamarin v
lotaustralin.
-
Linamarin c cng thc phn t C10H17O6N.

c t ny c pht hin ln u bi Peckolt v c gi l manihotoxin.
Di tc dng ca dung dch v c cha HCl hoc men tiu ha, cht ny b
phn hy v gii phng ra acid cyanhydric l cht c i vi ngi.
C10H17O6N
H2O
(Linamarin)
-
C6H12O6
(Glucose)
+ (CH3)2 O
(Aceton)
HCN
Axid Hydrocyanic
Lotaustralin c cng thc phn t l C11H9O6N :
Ty theo ging sn, iu kin t ai, ch canh tc v thi gian thu hoch m hm
lng HCN c khc nhau.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
S phn b cht c trong c sn khng u: cung c cha nhiu c hn gia c,

lp v tht cha nhiu HCN hn c, k n l li sn, phn tht sn c cha cht c t
hn.
Cc glucoside ny ha tan tt trong nc nn trong qu trnh sn xut tinh bt c t
s theo nc dch thi ra ngoi. V vy sn ng c hm lng c t cao nhng sn
phm tinh bt t sn vn c th dng lm thc phm.
Do cc glucoside ny tp trung nhiu v c do khi ch bin nn tch dch bo
nhanh khng nh hng n mu sc ca tinh bt sau ny v HCN s tc dng vi Fe
cho ra mui Cyanate st c mu xm en.
b. Enzime
Cc enzyme trong sn ti nay cha c nghin cu k. Ngi ta cho rng trong s
Cc enzyme c trong c sn th h enzyme polyphenoloxydase l enzyme c nh hng
ln n cht lng sn trong qu trnh bo qun v ch bin.
Khi o c ln th cc enzyme ny c iu kin hot ng mnh, khi enzyme
polyphenoloxydase s xc tc qu trnh oxy ha polyphenol to octorinon sau tng
hp cc cht khng c bn cht phenol (cc axid amine) to ra cc sn phm c mu.
Trong nhm enzyme polyphenoloxydase c nhng enzyme oxy ha cc monophenol
m in hnh l tyrosinase xc tc s oxy ha acid amin tyrosine to ra quinon tng ng.
Cc quinon sau mt lot chuyn ha sinh ra sc t mu xm en gi l melanin. y l
mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm cho tht sn c mu en (dn gian gi l chy nha).
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Hnh 2.4:
C ch to thnh melanine t tyrosine vi s xc tc ca

enzyme tyrosinase [6]
c.
Polyphenol
Hp cht polyphenol trong sn 0,1-0,3% hp cht ny rt d chuyn mu do Enzyme

Polyphenoloxydaza to nn qu trnh oxy ho to nn hp cht Prohafon rt bn ti mu
nn sn bc v m khng c bin php k thut thch hp th bao gi cng c mu en.
Cc polyphenol b oxy ho bin mu sinh hin tng chy nha v cn hn ch tc
thot nc ca sn khi lm kh. Khi ch bin cc hp cht polyphenol ny cn c tc
dng vi Fe to thnh hp cht c mu xm en. Hp cht ny cng vi Prohafen u nh
hng n mu sc ca tinh bt nu nh trong ch bin khng tch dch bo nhanh.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
d. Tanin
- Hm lng tanin trong sn t nhng sn phm oxy ha ca tanin l cht flobafen c
-
mu en kh ty.
Ngoi cc phn ng gia tanin vi st to tanat st c mu en cng kh ty.
2.3
Vn bo qun c sn
Trong qu trnh bo qun, sn ti thng nhim bnh thi kh v thi t do nm v

vi khun gy nn nht l i vi nhng c b trc v v dp nt.
Mt s phng php bo qun khoai m ti:
-
Bo qun trong hm kn: Mc ch ca vic bo qun trong hm kn l hn
ch s hot ng ca cc enzyme oxy ha, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm h

hng c. Yu cu hm phi kn hon ton, phi c mi che trnh nc chy vo.
- Bo qun bng cch ph ct kh: Chn c c kch thc u, khng b dp
nt xp thnh lung cao 0,5-0,6. Rng 1,2-1,5, chiu di khong 4m, sau ph
u ct ln, chiu dy lp ct t nht l 20cm.
- Bo qun bng cch nhng hoc phun dung dch nc vi 0,5%, sau
dng tru hoc ct ph kn ng khoai m, bo qun theo phng php ny c th
bo qun trong 15 25 ngy.
- Sn mua v khng c qu 48h sau thu hoch. Ta nn chn ch
mua thch hp c th ch bin trong vng 24h nhm trnh trng hp h hng
v gim cht lng tinh bt ca c.
2.4
Tiu chun cht lng tinh bt sn [30]
2.4.1 Tiu chun chung

Tinh bt sn n c phi:
-
An ton v ph hp cho ngi s dng

Khng c mi v khc thng v cn trng gy hi
Khng b nhim bn
2.4.2 Tiu chun c th

a. Ch tiu vt l
Kch thc ht: i vi bt mn th hn 90% qua l ry 0,6mm, vi bt th hn 90%
qua l ry 1,2mm.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
b. Ch tiu ha l
- Hm lng m: 12 - 13%.
- Hm lng acid HCN < 10 mg/kg.
- Hm lng kim loi nng: Khng c.
- Hm lng x < 2%
- Hm lng tro < 3%.
c. Ch tiu vi sinh
- Vi sinh vt gy bnh: khng c
- Cn trng gy hi: khng c
d. Ch tiu cm quan
- Bt mu trng kh v mn.
- Khng c mi v khc thng
- Khng b nhim bn
2.5
ng dng ca tinh bt sn
Tinh bt ni chung v tinh bt sn ni ring c rt nhiu ng dng trong cc nghnh
sn xut khc nhau. im ng ch , tinh bt sn c dng rt ph bin v thng dng

trong nhiu loi bnh ko, ph gia thc phm, m n lin vi cc cng thc phi trn
phong ph v a dng.
2.5.1
ng dng ca tinh bt sn trong ngnh sn xut thc phm
a. Cc loi bnh, ko
- Tinh bt c s dng l mt trong nhng ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut
cc loi bnh. Ngoi vic gim gi thnh sn xut, tinh bt cn c chc nng lm
-
y, lm lng v gp phn to nn mt s tnh cht cng ngh cho sn phm bnh.

Mt s sn phm tiu biu: cc sn phm bnh snack, bnh quy, bnh rn
Bn, min, m ng, m si, bnh trng, l nhng sn phm thc phm rt thng
dng quy m lng x c ch bin t tinh bt sn.

b. Tinh bt bin tnh
- c trng ch yu ca tinh bt bin tnh chnh l n c mt nht cao gp phn
-
to st, c trong mt s sn phm nh nc st, nc chm, sp.

Ngoi ra tinh bt bin tnh cn to ra m c cho mt s sn phm nh nc
st.
c. Sn xut cc sn phm thy phn t tinh bt
- Bng con ng thy phn, tinh bt l nguyn liu chnh sn xut ra cc loi
sn phm nh: mch nha, glucose, sorbitol, maltodextrin,
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
T glucose bng con ng ln men ngi ta c th sn xut ru, cn, m
chnh
- Sorbitol l ph gia to cu trc rt thng dng trong cc sn phm thc phm.
d. Sn xut ng glucose
- Nguyn liu: Bt hoc tinh bt cc loi c cng nh cc loi ha tho. cc nc
khc ch yu dng tinh bt ng, tinh bt khoai ty. nc ta dng tinh bt sn
-
sn xut ng glucose.
Cht lng tinh bt nh hng n cht lng sn phm v hiu sut thu hi. Cht
lng tinh bt thp qu trnh ng ha ko di, phn ng khng trit , sn
phm c mu xu, kh khn cho qu trnh x l dch, hiu sut thu hi thp.
Qu trnh sn xut gm 3 giai on ch yu: ng ha dch bt thnh dch, x l
dch ng ha, kt tinh tinh th t mt v ch bin thanh sn phm

e. Sn xut m chnh
-
M chnh l mui mononatri ca acid glutamic (C 5H8NO4Na). C 2 dng: bt v

tinh th, l cht iu v c gi tr trong cng nghip thc phm, trong nu nng
thc n hng ngy.
Tinh bt c dng trong sn sut m chnh bng phng php ln men s dng
nhng chng vi sinh vt c kh nng tng hp cc acid amin t cc ngun glucid
v m v c sau tch ly acid glutamic sn xut m chnh. Phng php ny
c nhiu u im: khng cn s dng nguyn liu protid, khng cn s dng nhiu
ha cht v thit b chu n mn, hiu sut cao gi thnh h.
2.5.2 ng dng tinh bt sn trong mt s nghnh cng nghip khc[30]

a. Keo dn hoc cht kt dnh
Do tinh bt c th to nn dung dch c nht rt cao sau khi h ha, do n c
ng dng trong sn xut cc loi h, keo dn.
b. Thc n gia sc
Thng thng thc n gia sc c sn xut t nguyn liu c c cha nhiu tinh bt
nh bp, khoai, sn.
Ngoi ra tinh bt cn thng c s dng nh cht n b sung trong qu trnh sn
xut thc n gia sc.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
c. Dc phm
Tinh bt c s dng trong ngnh dc phm ch yu l lm t dc (cht n),
cht kt dnh, hoc c s dng lm mng bc vin thuc.
d. Dt nhum
-
Tinh bt l cht l tng b sung vo trong qu trnh dt. l l do ti sao

tinh bt c ng dng rng ri trong sn xut si, ch, vi cotton, v si
polyester.
Tinh bt gi vai tr quan trng trong ba giai on dt, l: h vi, in v hon

thin.
Giai on in: tinh bt c s dng nhm ngn cn cc tc nhn gy nhim trong

khi in.
Giai on hon thin: tinh bt thng s dng l tinh bt sn, c cung cp vi

nhng t l khc nhau vi bng v bn, v d vi cotton l 12%, vi tng hp l
18%, t nhn to l 8%...
e. Sn xut giy
Tinh bt c dng trong sn xut giy lm kh b mt v bao ph b mt giy.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 3:
3.1
CHN V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH
S quy trnh cng ngh [6].

Phu nhp liu
Sng rung
Bc v
Nc thi
Nc sch
Phn li 1
Phn li 2
Ra c
Nc
Li tm
Cht khc
Sy, ry
THIT K NHNc
MY SN XUT TINHMi
BT SN
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
ng bao
Nc v dung
dch SMB
Trch
th
Trch
Snglili
cong
tinh
Thnh phm
N TT NGHIP
3.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh [6].

3.2.1 Sn nguyn liu
Sn sau khi thu hoch c xe ch v nh my . u tin c i qua cn xc nh
khi lng, sau sn c a vo bi cha nguyn liu. c phng KCS ly mu
kim tra hm lng tinh bt, t l h hng, lng tp cht nh gi cho ngi bn.
Yu cu nguyn liu sn phi c hm lng tinh bt trn 18%, thng vo khong 2528% l t tiu chun tt nht.
Ti bi nguyn liu, sn c xe xc tin hnh xc sn cho vo phu np liu.
Phu np liu : C tc dng l mt thng cha trung gian ln d dng cho vic
iu tit lng sn a vo dy chuyn. Kh nng cha ca phu khong 4 tn sn c.

c lm bng thp tm cacbon kt cu hn, thi phun ct, sn chng g epoxy. Dng
hnh chp lt ngc
Mc ch : To iu kin vn chuyn sn nguyn liu qua sng rung d dng, cung
cp nguyn liu mt cch ch ng cho qu trnh sn xut v loi b c mt phn tp
cht nh t ct, cnh cy, trc khi a vo sn xut.
Sau c a qua sng rung ri c bng ti cao su 1 vn chuyn a ln lng
bc v.
3.1.2 Bc v
- Mc ch ca cng on bc v : Loi b mt phn ln v g bn ngoi c sn v
phn ny ch l xenluloza v hemixenluloza khng c cha tinh bt m cn nh hng
n qu trnh sn xut. Bc v cn c mc ch lm sch s b, loi b tp cht, t ct
bm bn ngoi c sn, to iu kin thun li cho cng on ra tip theo.
-
Lng bc v
a. Cu to
Thn: Hnh tr, hai u c lm bng thp tm, phn cng tc gia lm bng thp
trn, d = 12mm, xon t u n cui vi khe h gia cc thanh l 16mm. Khe h ny c
tc dng t, ct ri xung v tng ma st khi xo trn. Nu hiu qu bc khng cao,
c th hn tng thm cc thanh bng st rn tng ma st.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Cnh dn hng: 2 cnh xon c chy bn trong t u n cui lng, c tc dng

dn hng a nguyn liu di chuyn t u n cui lng. Bc xon c tnh
ton k thi gian lu c sn trong lng khng qu lu gy nn qu ti, cng khng lu
c sn qu nhanh cha kp bc. Cn c tc quay ca lng, kch thc lng tnh
chn bc xon.
Ton b lng c t trn 4 con ln l 4 bnh cao su c kch thc ging nhau. S d
phi dng bnh cao su kh nhng sai s do ch to, trong trng hp ny l lng
khng trn u. khng cho lng trt dc, dng hai con ln chn lp trn khung ta
vo gn ca lng hm 2 hng ti v lui.
10
Hnh 3.1. Cu to lng bc v [19]

1.Np bo v thit b
2. Thn thit b
3. Thanh thp
4. Cnh dn hng
5.ng dn nc ra
9. u thit b bng thp tm
6.Bnh cao su
10. Ca tp cht ra
7.Ca tho nguyn liu
8.Ca nguyn liu vo
b. Nguyn tc hot ng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Nguyn liu t bng ti c a vo lng bc v qua ca np liu. Lng c dn

ng bi 1 mt, mt 4kw qua hp gim tc truyn ng cho bn bnh cao su quay lm
quay lng tch v, vn tc ca n l 45-80v/p. Nguyn liu c a vo lng qua ca
np liu v c cc cnh xon vn chuyn ra ngoi. Khi lng quay, s to nn s xo
trn trong lng, s xo trn ny s to nn s mi xt v va p gia c - c, c - lng
lm cho t ct v 1 phn v g c bc ra (55-75%) v c xi ra bi vi nc lm
cho v g v cc tp cht bong ra. V g sau khi bong ra khi c lp tc ri qua khe hp
gia cc thanh thp ra ngoi.
Tu tng dy chuyn v tng trng hp c th cp nc ra vo cho lng. Trong
trng hp dng nc ra, s tng cng lm sch s b cho c, tng hiu qu bc v.
Tuy nhin, tt c t ct u theo khe h ca lng ri xung mng hng, theo nc n
lng tch rc v i n h thng x l nc thi. Trong trng hp ny cn phi c h
thng tch ct v x l nc thi quy m hn. Trong dy chuyn nh my ch bc kh,
c th tch ring phn cht thi rn ring, khng thng qua h thng x l nc thi.
3.1.3 Ra c
Mc ch : Tch tp cht cn st trn c, loi b phn v g cn li trnh gy nh
hng n qu trnh sn xut v cht lng tinh bt thnh phm.
My ra c c cu to gm nhiu ngn, my c cu to gm cc cnh gung o
trn v vn chuyn sn. Ma st xy ra trong qu trnh di chuyn ca c sn, gia c v c,
c v mi cho, c v thn my s lm sch c. tng kh nng lm sch v ngi ta
cp thm nc ngn u tin v ngn cui cng, c bit l ngn cui cng ngi ta b
tr h thng phun nc sch tip tc cng on tip theo. Qu trnh ra c ny th v
la c tch ra khong 85 - 90%, cht thi c em i x l ring.
B ra c
a. Cu to
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
B ra c chia lm 4 ngn ring bit, gm 2 ngn t v 2 ngn kh. Ngn t

nhm mc ch ra lp cht nhy v lp v b nh ti bn ngoi c sn; ngn kh
nhm tng ma st gia sn-sn, sn-mi cho, trc quay. Mi ngn bn di thnh thit
b c thit k cc h gom , st trong qu trnh di chuyn ca nguyn liu qua cc
ngn.
Mi ngn gm na hnh tr ngn cch b phn cng tc pha trn v khoang cha pha
di. Ton b my c ch to bng thp khng g v t trn khung thp. Thn tr c
x rnh thot nc bn v cht rn nh, mng thot nc thi cao hn nn 1,5m m bo
cho nc thi thot ra c th t chy ra lng tch rc v gim gc nghing ca bng ti c.
Nc ra c ly t hai ngun chnh l nc thi ca my phn ly v v my li tm. y
hm nghing ra bn ngoi thng vi ca x c th iu chnh c. Ca x c iu chnh
bng trc vt me, quay tay.
Mi cho c lm bng thp khng g AISI 304 cht lng cao, u cnh c vt
bin dng oval, trc hnh vung bng ng lt bng ng v c cc v bc u m
hai u. Hai mi cho st nhau c t lch nhau 45 0 theo phng ng khi quay, cc
cnh cho y sn i t u b n cui b. Ti ca ra ca mi ngn, cnh cho khng
dp oval m hn vi tm gt hng theo chiu ra ca sn.
B phn truyn ng: C 4 b phn truyn ng c lp tng ng vi 4 trc ca my
cho 4 ngn. Mi b phn truyn ng bao gm m t 5,5 kW - hp gim tc.
4
2
1
Hnh 3.2. Cu to b ra c [19]

1. Mt
2. V
my
b. Nguyn
tc hot
ng
3.Cnh cho 4.Trc my 5. bi
Mt truyn ng qua hp gim tc, truyn ng qua xch lm cho cc trc quay,
cc trc quay ko theo cc mi cho quay lm o tr n sn, ng thi c tc dng bc v
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
v chuyn sn v pha trc. Di tc dng ca lc ma st gia sn- sn, sn-cnh cho

s lm sch c sn. Qu trnh ra l lm sch, loi b lp v ngoi cng nh mi tp
cht khc. Nu ra khng hiu qu, cc ht bn dnh trn c sn s l nguyn nhn lm
gim trng ca dch sa v sn phm. tng kh nng tch v, cc ngn t ngi
ta cp thm nc. Nc ra cho qu trnh ny chnh l nc thi t h thng phn ly,
nc ny mang theo dch bo v bt st. Do ngn cui, c b tr nc sch ra li
ln na trc khi vo my mi. Tp cht c tch ra theo cc khe h ri xung cc h
gom ri ra ngoi. Trong giai on ny, v c bc khong 80-85%.
Yu cu ca cng on ny l c sn phi c bc sch hu ht v la, t ct v
cc tp cht th nh.
3.2.4 Cht bm
- Mc ch : Lm gim kch thc ca c sn to iu kin thun li v n nh cho
giai on ch bin tip theo, nng cao nng sut my mi, gim chi ph nng lng ng
k, trnh trng hp my mi b nghn, nng ng c in. V bm c ph v mt
phn cu trc t bo to iu kin gii phng ti a tinh bt trong sn.
- My cht
a. Cu to
Hnh 3.3. Cu to my cht

1. Puly 2. Thn (thng) 3. Dao c nh
4. Dao ch ng 5.
6. bi
7. Trc
Cu to: Gm c 2 phn
Thn trn: C tit din hnh ch nht, c tc dng l mt ng dn dn hng cho
c sn t bng ti c sch, hng dng vt liu xung phn cng tc pha di v ngn
nhng mu sn bn ra ngoi trong lc cht. Pha di tip vi u thn di bng bn l,
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
c th m thn trn theo chiu quay bn l l ra thn di v b phn cng tc v

sinh, sa cha.
Thn di: L mt khung cc bi v ton b trng lng ca my.
B phn cng tc: Bao gm dao tnh v dao ng c t xen k nhau, lm bng
thp chu ko cao, cnh ca cc li dao c hn bng Crm - coban tng cng kh
nng chu mi mn. Dao tnh c lm t thanh thp tm thng, dy 16 mm, t cch
nhau 30 mm, hai u c hn tng cng vo khung.
Dao ng: c hn trc tip vo trc, dao c hnh hoa 3 cnh i, ng knh
580mm, chiu di dao 780mm, cc li dao ng c t hp theo hng xon.
Tc ca dao ng: Quay 400-500 vng/pht.
B phn truyn ng: M t - pully - bnh , dy curoa. M t cng sut 15KW.
b. Nguyn tc hot ng
C sn sau khi c lm sch c cp vo my cht bng bng ti. Lc ny,dao tnh
ng vai tr nh mt tm k,dao ng quay bm nh c sn thnh nhng mu nh
khong 1-2 cm.Cc mu sn nh ri xung thng phn phi.
3.2.5 Mi nghin sn
Sn sau khi qua my cht c bm nh vi kch thc 1 2cm. Sau khi bm nh th
c cnh qut ca thng phn phi a xung bng ti a qua my mi. Xung my
mi sn c mi mn, ph v cu trc t bo c, gii phng tinh bt t do ra khi t bo
c, s cn li l tinh bt lin kt, b mt tang quay ca ca my mi c dng rng ca
nn to ra lc nghin, mi, ch, xt. Trong qu trnh mi cn cung cp nc qu
trnh tch tinh bt c hiu qu.
- My mi:
Hnh 3.4 . Cu to my mi [25]

1, 2,3. Nc vo
4. V my
5. Rto
6. Trc rto
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
8. Hp che dy ai
9. my
10. Tm k
11. Rnh lp
7. Mt
cong
N TT NGHIP
12. Sng lc
a. Cu to
Ton b v bc v khung c lm bng thp khng g AISI 304. R to c lm t
mt khi Inox ng nht qua ti luyn, ng knh 810mm, chiu rng 400 mm. Rto
c to 100 rnh cn lp dao. Li dao mi c rng 2 cnh, c ti luyn chng
mn, c lp vo r to trong khe hp v c kp cht gia 2 thanh trt c cht gi.
di rto c gn mt chic ry bng thp khng g, khng cho phn th lt xung. V
my c cc np y d dng tho - lp.
e chn: C tc dng gi cho vt liu nm trn b mt cng tc c th mi.
Tc quay ca rto: 2100 vng/pht. C th o chiu quay ca r to thng qua
mch khi ng t kp tng tui th ca dao mi.
Truyn ng: M t 110 kW, pully, dy curoa.
b. Nguyn tc hot ng
Sn sau khi c cht nh nhm gim ti cho mi th c cc cnh gt ca thng
phn phi a qua bng ti. Lng nguyn liu xung my nhiu hay t ty thuc vo tc
ca bng ti.
Pha trn hng my c b tr cc vi nc vo. Khi rto quay th lm cho cc li
dao gn trn trc quay, sn s b ch st gia dao v tm k. Khi sn c bo ra th nh
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
nc ra tri tinh bt thnh hn hp. Nhng mu sn c kch thc nh hn khong cch

gia roto v tm k th lt xung pha di v nh sng cong bn di gi li v b bo
mn tip. Khi no nh hn kch thc l sng cong th xung thng cha c bm
qua trch ly. Kch thc l sng cong khong 1,2mm.
Nguyn liu sau khi i qua my mi s tr thnh dch sa hn hp gm: b, tinh bt
v ncc a xung thng cha.
Cc bin i trong qu trnh mi
a. Bin i vt l
C s thay i kch thc ca nguyn liu. T bo tinh bt b ph v gii phng
tinh bt di dng nhng ht kch thc rt nh. Nguyn liu by gi l mt khi bt
nho mn, c m khong 80%( mn khc nhau ph thuc vo cng ngh v thit b
s dng).
b. Bin i ha sinh.
Khi x nt v t bo cc enzyme trong t bo cng c gii phng v c iu kin
hot ng, nht l cc enzyme thy phn tinh bt, enzyme oxy ha nh
polyphenoloxydase s lm sm mu sn phm.
c. Bin i sinh hc
V c ra sch trc khi nghin v thi gian khng qu lu nn s pht trin ca vi
sinh vt l khng ng k.
3.1.6 Trch ly
Dch sa c bm cao p bm vo h thng trch ly v ty trng tinh bt. Qu trnh
trch ly c thc hin 2 ln th b c loi b gn nh l trit . B th c a ra
ngoi sn cha b bn cho nh my ch bin thc n gia sc.
Mc ch :
Trch ly th nhm mc ch tch mt phn b, m sn trong dch sa hn hp. Mt
khc trong qu trnh ny cn c b sung dung dch SMB chng s oxy ho cc hp
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
cht polyphenol v chng to mu tng trng ca tinh bt, hn ch s bin i mu

ng thi gy c ch v tiu dit vi sinh vt c trong dch sa hn hp.
Dung dch c tn thng mi SMB c thnh phn chnh l nc v NaHSO 3 38%.
SMB ang c s dng ph bin ty trng trong sn xut tinh bt nhm thay th cng
ngh s dng clo hoc t lu hunh to ra SO2 trc y. u im ca SMB so vi
clo v lu hunh l gim thiu nhim mi trng khng kh, nc v c bit d dng
khng ch c lng SO4
2-
trong tinh bt, p ng cht lng tinh bt theo tiu chun
quc t xut khu.

C ch ty mu
Nguyn l ca qu trnh ty mu lm trng dch sa tinh bt l dung dch SMB c
kh nng phn li to ra H+, ng thi lm cho mi trng dch sa c tnh acid. Bn cnh
chnh ion H+ ny s lin kt vi cc hp cht hu c cha no tn cng vo cc lin kt
i to thnh hp cht no. Ni mt cch khc l cc hp cht cha no l cc cht mu
khng c li cho qu trnh ch bin khi kt hp vi H + c trong dung dch th s to thnh
cc cht no (khng mu), cc cht khng mu s kt ta lng xung di v theo b ra
ngoi .
NaHSO3
HSO3- + H2O
Na+ + HSO3H3O+ + SO3-
My trch ly:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Hnh 3.5. Cu to my trch ly [23]

1.ng sa vo
4. Khung thit b
7.Dy curoa
10. R li
2.ng nc b sung 5.Pet phun
8. pully
11.Ca dch sa ra
3.ng nc
6.Mt truyn ng
9.a phn phi
12. ca tho b
13. Van iu chnh
a. Cu to.
Li: Tu tng v tr ca my b tr kch c li thch hp nh trn. Tt c cc b
phn u c lm t thp khng r, r li nm ngang c ng knh 850mm. Li
c trang b bng thp khng r c c l ph thuc vo v tr tng my, vi cc my trch
ly th l t 125m tr ln, vi my trch ly tinh l khong 100m c h thng vi phun
nc ra v v sinh bn trong, vn tc quay l 1200 vng/pht, ngoi ra c a phn phi
c gn vo 1 u chp nn khc trn c h thng pet phun, mi my c 48 pet phun,
cc pet ny nghing 450 so vi ng sin ca r, cc pt ny c tc dng l phun u dch
sa ln r li. Ngoi ra c np y, c cu kp np, bnh ng c, bnh ai.
Truyn ng: M t 22 kW truyn ng qua h thng puly.
b. Nguyn tc hot ng
Dch sa bao gm: nc, tinh bt t do, x, dch boc bm cp vo hng chnh,
sau u phn phi s phun u trn r li. Dch sa trt trn r li t trong ra
ngoi theo hnh xon c. Trong qu trnh di chuyn, cc phn t c kch c nh hn l
li s lt qua v theo ng ng xung thng cha sa. Phn b c kch thc ln
khng lt qua li s trt trn b mt li ri xung ca tho b ra ngoi. tng hiu
qu ca qu trnh trch ly, ngi ta b tr nc hay dch sa long phun qua h thng pet
lm cho dch sa long ra, trch ly s d hn.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
3.2.7 Sng cong

Mc ch: Tch cc tp cht c kch thc ln hn ht tinh bt.
Tin hnh:
Dch sa thu c sau khi qua trch ly tinh c phun qua sng cong. Di tc dng
ca p lc, cc ht c kch thc nh lt qua li v thng cha tip tc quy trnh cng
ngh, cn phn khng lt qua sng th c dn quay v li thng cha dch trch ly th
3
ln 1.
2
Thit b: sng cong
1
1. Thn sng cong vi mng li

2. ng tip liu vi vi phun p lc
3. ng dn phn phi chnh
4. ng dn nguyn liu u ra
5. Bng ngn nc bn ra bn ngoi.
4
Hnh 3.6 Thit b sng cong [25]
Nguyn tc hot ng
H thng gm 6 sng cong c li bng inox v kch thc l di 50 m. Dch
sa sau khi c trch ly tinh c chuyn n thng cha, ti y c my bm
bm n ng chnh v phn bi vo cc vi phun p lc (2). Nh my bm m p lc
dch sa lun gia tng y dch sa vo trong sng cong. Nhng vt c kch thc ln
hn so vi mng li (1) s c gi li. Cn nhng ht tinh bt c kch thc nh lt ra
c khi mng li s theo dng nc xung ng thot v i vo b cha i n khu
phn ly. Nh c tm bng ngn (5) m cn b khng b quay tr li dch sa v theo
ng thot i n thng cha b v nc ca ln trch ly 1. tng hiu qu ca sng
cong. Cng nhn lin tc dng vi phun phun vo mng li. Mc ch ca vic ny l h
tr cho qu trnh gn lc v ng thi thng cc l trn mng b ngn v cc cht bn
c ty i nhanh trnh lm bn dch sa li.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
3.2.8 Phn ly
Dch sa sau khi qua cng on trch ly v qua sng cong c cha bn cha sa
c, sau c bm qua h thng cc my phn ly nhm loi b tp cht v cc dch
bo. Sau khi phn ly ln 2 th dch sa c hm lng tinh bt cao hn v trng hn, loi
b gn nh hon ton cc tp cht. Hm lng tinh bt thu c t 18 20 Be c cha
thng cha.
- Mc ch : Tch cc cht m, protein, cc cht kt t c trong dch sa thu hi
dch sa c hm lng tinh bt cao.
- My phn ly
a. Cu to
1. Thng cha sa
2. Thn my
3. ng sa ra
4. Mt
5. my
Hnh 3.7. Cu to my phn ly [22]
S dng my phn ly cht lng loi a ca Westfalia ch to vi tc t 4500v/p
n 5000v/p, gm c: cc a gn trn trc quay, cc a c dng hnh nn ct, xp chng
ln nhau.
Trn cc a c khot cc l, khi xp cc a sao cho cc l trng nhau v to thnh
ng rnh song song vi trc. Khi tinh bt i t di i ln theo ng rng ny, phn phi
thnh cc lp mng trn a. Tinh bt nng theo cc a xung di tp trung ngoi
thnh thng ri theo cc pet ra ngoi. Ty tng trng hp tnh chn kch c pet ph
hp, mi my c 8 pet. Pha trn c bm gn ng trc vi trc chnh ca my, quay ng
tc vi trc. y l bm hng trc, dng bm phn cht lng nh sau khi phn pha
tch ra ngoi.
Ton b b phn tip xc lm bng thp khng g, khung c lm bng gang.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
b. Nguyn tc hot ng
Dch sa v nc vo pha trn theo
ng pha trn trc chnh i xung v phn
phi vo cc a. Khi a quay vi vn tc
ln th tinh bt nng hn s nhn lc ly tm
di chuyn theo thnh a ra xung quanh v
theo cc pet ra ngoi.
Cn cc thnh phn
khc nh protein, dch
bonh hn s di
chuyn ngc tr li,
theo hng tm ri ra
ngoi. Thnh phn ny
c bm hng tm
gn trn trc ht thi ra
ngoi.
C 15 pht theo
di Bolme ca dch
sa mt ln sao cho
nng Bolme ca cc
my nh sau, my phn
ly 1 Be = 10-12, my
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
phn ly 2 l Be = 18-20, nu khng t phi chy hi lu v khng ch bt st ra nc

thi mc thp nht c th.
iu chnh lu lng dch bt cp cho my m bo my hot ng tt v tch
nhiu tp cht nht.
3.2.9 Ly tm
Sau dch sa c a qua thit b ly tm. Thit b ly tm ny th nhm tch nc
t do cn li trong bt m, lm cho qu trnh sy c d dng hn, tit kim nhin liu.
Sa c c bm vo my ly tm dng tia nh vi phun.
- My ly tm tch nc
a. Cu to
L kiu my trc nm mt pha, c 2 gi nm v cng mt pha so vi r. Khung
my c lm bng thp cacbon, phn tip xc vi bt lm bng thp khng g. V ngoi
c dng hnh tr t nm ngang.
R li l mt lp vch ngn hnh tr t song song vi v. Trn vch ngn ny c
Hnh 3..: Cu to my ly tm
cc l thot phn sa long. Mt trong ca lp vch ngn ny l mt lp li vi. Trc
1. V my 2. Dao co bt 3. R li 4. Trc my
my c bng 2 bi nm cng pha vi r, pha trc trc gn r truyn chuyn
5. Puly
6. Vi phun
7. Piston thy lc 8. my
ng cho ng c. Np my gm bn ngoi lm bng thp cacbon, mt trong bc mt lp
thp khng g, lin kt thn my bng bn l, c th ng m d dng theo chiu xoay bn
l. Trn np c gn cc ng dn, hng cp sa, dao co bt v cc c cu truyn ng dao
gt.
B ly hp thy lc l mt c cu truyn ng hp l trong trng hp ny. Do vn
tc ca my ly tm ln, ngoi lc tc ng n r thay i lin tc v ln (np sa, co
bt), v vy khng th truyn ng bnh thng m phi qua c cu ly hp thy lc
trnh trng hp sc my.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
b. Nguyn tc hot ng ca my ly tm
u tin sa c cp vo my qua hng np. R my nhn lc t mt 55 KW
truyn ng qua h thng ly hp thy lc. Lc ny r my quay gn 1480 vng/pht,
nhn lc ly tm dch sa s vng ra ngoi thnh r. y xy ra cc qu trnh sau:
Phn tinh bt s c nn li thnh khi di tc dng ca lc ly tm, nc v cc
cu t nh hn cc mao qun ca vi lc s lt qua vi lc. Khi lp tinh bt dy th n
s to thnh mt vch ngn. Lc th cc ht tinh bt c t trng nng hn s nhn lc
ly tm mnh hn v tip tc lm vch ngn ny dy hn. Lp bt ny ngn khng cho
nc i qua, nc, dch bo v mt phn sa s c y dn vo pha trong. Nu tip tc
cp sa, lp sa ny s dy ln y nc dng ln v trn ra ngoi. Khi mt lp bt bng
chiu dy ca tang trng th ngng cp sa.
Sau mt thi gian nht nh bt s tr nn kh hn, thng thng m khng ch
t 38-40%. Qu trnh co bt bt u din ra. Van iu khin cp du thy lc c hot
ng, cp du truyn ng ko piston xung, qua cnh tay n nng li dao ln, li
dao s chuyn ng song phng vi ng sinh r my, co t t lp bt. n mt lc b
phn cnh tay n s gt mt cng tc hnh trnh c xc nh v tr sn, a tn hiu
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
ng van cp du, dao gt s tr li v tr ban u. Sau mt vi giy, my c np sa

li v bt u mt hnh trnh mi.
3.2.10
Sy v lm ngui
Ly tm xong m t 38 40%, tip tc bt m c vt ti chuyn n thng cha

bt m, thng ny c nhim v cha bt m v phn phi bt cho qu trnh sy. thng
ny c lp trc vt nh ti bt nhm trnh hin tng vn cc v thm mt vt nh
lng xc nh bt a vo sy, vt c iu chnh bng thit b b bin tn. Khng
kh ly t mi trng qua b phn lc kh tr thnh khng kh sch ri c caloriphe t
nng khng kh. Khi bt c cp vo thp sy th s c vt vung bt gip tng hiu
qu ca qu trnh sy. Khng kh nng c thi t di ln, ng thi ko theo bt m,
tip xc vi bt m, lc ny xy ra qu trnh trao i nhit, khng kh nng mang theo
lng nc trong bt ra ngoi. Cng ln cao th bt cng c lm kh.
Sau khi ra khi thp sy, hn hp sy khng kh nng c a vo cyclon thu
hi bt. Bt kh theo h cyclon xung h thng lm ngui, sau khi sy bt c m 12
13%.
Quy trnh to khng kh nng

S
KHNG KH
NGUI
NHIN
LIU
LC
L T
Du ngui
GI
CALORIPHE
Du nng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
KHNG KH
NNG
N TT NGHIP
Thuyt minh
Du dn nhit c gia nhit nng ln bng h thng l t. Nhin liu t l kh gas
sinh hc t hm biogas cung cp. Du dn nhit c bm n l t, ti l t du dn
nhit trong ng nhn nhit nng ln n 270 0 C c bm tun hon bm n b phn
Caloriphe trao i nhit vi khng kh ngui.
Khng kh ngui c qut ht ht qua b phn lc gi tr thnh khng kh sch n
b phn Caloriphe trao i nhit vi du dn nhit.
Du dn nhit v khng kh ngui tip xc vi nhau ti b phn trao i nhit
Caloriphe. Ti y du dn nhit i trong ng, khng kh i bn ngoi ng trao i nhit
vi khng kh lm khng kh nng ln. Thnh ng dn nhit c cc cnh tng din tch
tip xc ca khng kh vi b mt ng, mt khc do h s dn nhit ca khng kh thp
hn rt nhiu so vi cht lng. Khng kh nhn nhit tr thnh khng kh nng c ct
ht ht ln ct sy, cn du dn nhit sau khi trao i nhit, nhit gim xung theo ng
dn c bm tun hon v l t tip tc c t nng ln, sau c bm v b
phn trao i nhit, qu trnh c tip din lin tc thnh mt chu k tun hon.
Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy tinh bt
a.
-
Bin i vt l
Khi lng ca khi tinh bt gim xung.
S thay i hnh dng ca cc ht tinh bt do cc ht tinh bt b co li.
Cc ht tinh bt tch ri nhau, khi tinh bt chuyn t trng thi bt nho sang
trng thi cc ht bt kh.

- Ngoi ra, mu sc ca sn phm tinh bt cn tng v trng v sng m
nguyn nhn l do kh nng hp th v phn x nh sng ca vt liu di tc dng ca
nhit cao.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
b. Bin i ha hc
Nhng bin i ha hc trong qu trnh sy xy ra khng ng k tr mt s trng
hp khi ta sy tinh bt nhit cao trong thi gian qu di s xy ra mt s phn ng
lm bin mu tinh bt.
c. Bin i ha l
- Hi m c bc ra khi khi tinh bt.
d. Bin i ha sinh
Cc enzyme c sn trong nguyn liu s b c ch.
e.
Bin i sinh hc
Bin i sinh hc xy ra ch yu trong qu trnh sy l s c ch v tiu dit cc vi

sinh vt trn b mt vt liu.
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh sy tinh bt
Qu trnh sy tinh bt chu nh hng ca cc yu t sau:
-
m ban u ca khi vt liu: m ban u ca khi vt liu cng cao th
thi gian sy cng ko di.

- Tnh cht ca tc nhn sy nh: m, nhit v tc chuyn ng ca dng
tc nhn sy trong qu trnh sy.
- Thi gian sy
- Phng php sy
- Ch sy: Cng ngh sy tinh bt ph thuc rt nhiu vo nhit h ha.Nhit
sy ca sn phm lun phi nh hn nhit h ha giai on u, Nu giai on
u khi m cn cao, vt liu tip xc vi tc nhn sy nhit cao th lp b mt
tinh bt s b h ha to thnh lp keo mng bt kn b mt thot m t trong lng vt liu
ra ngoi. Nhit h ha ca tinh bt c m 70% tr ln dao ng trong khong 55
60oC. Bi vy nhit sn phm trong qu trnh sy ban u nm trong khong 50 - 52
o
C. Sau mt thi gian sy khi m khi bt cn khong 20 22% th kh nng h ha
ca tinh bt kh xy ra, c th nng nhit ca sn phm ln 65 - 70 oC y nhanh

qu trnh sy.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
3.2.11
Ry
Mc ch : Ry tinh bt ng nht v c kch thc ht tinh bt m bo yu cu,

lm tng cht lng v gi tr cm quan tinh bt.
ng bao nhm gi cho tinh bt khng ht m, v khng hp thu mi l, thun li cho
qu trnh bo qun v vn chuyn.
Tin hnh : Tinh bt sau khi qua Cyclon lm ngui c a vo cc Cyclon thu bt
t trn my ry
Qu trnh ry c thc hin nh kh ng hc, cc ht tinh bt lt li ry s cun
theo dng kh v ri xung mng t di thn my.
3.2.12
ng bao
Mc ch :
Mc ch ca qu trnh bao gi l nhm bo v sn phm tinh bt sau khi sy kh
v lm ngui khi cc tc ng khng tt ca mi trng xung quanh nh : m, nhit
, nh sng, vi sinh vt nhm ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm.
Ngoi ra, vic bao gi cn nhm mc ch thun tin cho vn chuyn v phn phi
ti ngi tiu dng.
Tin hnh:
Bt sau khi sy c qut ngui ht qua h thng cyclon gm 3 chic, mc thnh hai
bc. Bc 1 gm hai cyclon mc song song c tc dng nh nhau. Cc phn t bt nng
hn di tc dng ca lc ly tm i theo hnh xon c ri xung y, ri c hai kha
kh ti xung my ry. Ti y, my ry s loi b cc ht th, cc ht khng ng kch
thc a ra ngoi. Bc 2, gm mt cyclon mc ni tip vi u ra ca cyclon 2 bc
1. Cc phn t bt nh, ch yu l dch bo, x theo ng tm ca cyclon bc 1 qua
cyclon bc 2. y, chng c tch mt ln na, sau c kha kh ti xung ng
bao.Phn bt ny c gi tr tinh bt thp, khong t 60-65% hm lng tinh bt.
Bt sau khi qua my ry bc 1 ri xung thng cha, di thng c lp vt phn
phi cung cp cho my ng bao. My ng bao t ng vi khi lng mi bao l
50kg .
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 4:
TNH CN BNG VT CHT
4.1.K hoch sn xut ca nh my:

Nh my lm vic mt nm 11 thng, ngh ch nht, v cc ngy l trong thng v
c mt thng ngh bo tr my mc, thit b. Mt ngy lm vic 2 ca.
Bng 4.1: Biu sn xut ca nh my.
Thng
10
11
12
C nm
S ngy lm vic/thng
25
26
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
283
S ca lm vic/ thng
50
52
50
50
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
566
Nh vy mt nm nh my lm vic 283 ngy trong 11 thng vi mi ngy lm vic 2 ca

mi ca lm vic 8h.
Nng sut nh my l 40.000 tn nguyn liu/ nm nn ta c :
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Lng nguyn liu cn cho mt ngy l:

40.000
141,3 tn/ ngy
283
Lng nguyn liu cho mt ca sn xut l:

141,3
70,65 tn/ ca
2
4.2. Tnh cn bng sn phm

Chn cc s liu ban u:
1. m ca sn phm: 12%
2. Hm lng tp cht l 3% khi lng nguyn liu.
3. Hm lng v g l 2% khi lng nguyn liu.
Cc thng s trng thi ban u ca nguyn liu khng bao gm tp cht:
+ m ca nguyn liu: 70%
+ Hm lng tinh bt trong nguyn liu: 22%
+ Hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt c trong nguyn liu: 8%
Bng 4.2:Cc s liu v bn thnh phm, thnh phm v hao ht cc cng
on sn xut.
Cng on
Tp cht c
Tn tht
Tn tht
Hm lng
Nng
tch ra (%)
nguyn
tinh bt
phi tinh bt
cht kh
liu (%)
(%)
c tch
ca BTP
ra (%)
v TP
Sng rung
60
0,1
Bc v
20% tp cht v
0,15
Ra c
60% v g
20% tp cht v
0,25
40% v g cn
li
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Cht khc
0,15
Mi
0,5
20
Trch li th
40
9,2
Trch li tinh
2,5
1,5
30
12,88
Sng cong
1,5
1,5
20
13,06
Phn li 1
2,5
0,75
55
22,08
Phn li 2
1,5
0,75
60
27,6
Ly tm
1,5
0,75
100
40,48
Sy
0,3
0,264
88
Ry v
0,5
0,44
88
ng bao
4.2.1. Tnh cn bng cho M0= 100 kg/h nguyn liu ban u:
4.2.1.1 Sng rung
Gi s trong giai on ny tch c 60% khi lng tp cht bao gm cc t ct
bm trn nguyn liu, cnh,l khta c:
- Khi lng tp cht c tch ra l:
mtc1 =
60 3
1,8 (kg/h)
100
Chn hao ht cng on trong qu trnh ny l 0,1%, ta c:

- Khi lng nguyn liu sau khi qua sng rung l:
M1 = 100 mtc1
0,1 100
0,1 100
= 100 1,8
= 98,1 (kg/h)
100
100
4.2.1.2. Bc v
Trong giai on ny phn tp cht cn li v lp v g ca nguyn liu c tch
ra mt phn.
Gi s giai on ny tch c 20% khi lng tp cht ban u v 60% khi

lng v g ta c:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
mtc2 =
20 3 60 2
1,8 (kg/h)
100
100

- Khi lng nguyn liu sau khi ra khi thit b bc v l:
M2 = M1 mtc2
0,15 (98,1 1,8)

0,15 (98,1 1,8)
= 98,1 1,8
= 96,16 (kg/h)
100
100
4.2.1.3. Ra c:
Gi s trong giai on ny tch c ht 20% lng tp cht v 40% lng v g
cn li ta c:
mtc3 =
20 3 40 2
1,4 (kg/h)
100
100

- Khi lng nguyn liu sau khi qua my ra c l :
M3 = M2 mtc3
0,25 (96,16 mtc3)

0,25 96,16 1,4
= 96,16 1,4
=
100
100
94,52 (kg/h)
Lng nc cn thit ra c
Theo tc gi Nguyn Xun Phng v Nguyn Vn Thoa [5] cho rng: Ty theo
bn m lng nc bc v v ra dao ng trong khong t 2 4 ln so vi khi lng
nguyn liu.
y ta chn khong 2,5 ln so vi khi lng nguyn liu.
Lng nc ra c l:
N0= 2,5
M2 = 2,5 96,16 = 240,4 kg/h
4.2.1.4 Cht khc:

Gi s hao ht cng on cht khc l 0,15% so vi khi lng nguyn liu ta c:
-
Khi lng ca nguyn liu sau cng on cht khc l:

M4 = 94,52
0,15 94,52
94,38 (kg/h)
100
4.2.1.5. Qu trnh mi
N1
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Mi
M4, T0, P0
H1, T0, P0
Gi s trong qu trnh ny tn tht cht kh l khng ng k ta c:

Vi T0 l hm lng tinh bt ban u ta c:
T0 =
22 94,38
20,76 (kg/h)
100
P0 l hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt c trong nguyn liu ban u:

P0 =
8 94,38
7,55 (kg/h)
100
Ta c hm lng cht kh c trong nguyn liu bao gm tinh bt v cc cht phi

tinh bt:
C0 = T0 + P0 = 20,76+ 7,55 = 28,31 kg/h
Trong qu trnh mi c b sung thm nc thu c hn hp c m 80% sau

qu trnh ny v chn hao ht cho c qu trnh l 0,5% khi lng nguyn liu.
vy ta c khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh ny l:

H1 =
0,5 28,31 100

28,31 100
140,84 (kg/h)
(100 80) 100
100 80
Lng nc cn b sung vo trong qu trong ny l:

N1 =
28,31 100
94,38 47,17 (kg/h)
100 80
4.2.1.6. Qu trnh trch li th

N2
H1, T0, P0
Trch li th
H 2, T1, P1
B1, W1
Gi s qu trnh ny tch c 40% hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt, v tn tht
tinh bt theo b l 1%. Vy ta c khi lng b kh c tch ra l:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP

40 7,55 1 20,76
3,228 kg/h
100
100
B1 =
Hm lng cht kh cn li:

C1 = C0 B1 = 28,31 3,228 = 25,082 kg/h
Hm lng tinh bt cn li:
T1 = 20,76 -
1 20,76
20,55 kg/h
100
Hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt cn li:

P1 = 7,55 -
40 7,55
4,532 kg/h
100
B c tch ra c m W1 = 60%, nn ta c lng b c tch ra l:

100 3,228
8,07 kg/h
100 60
B1 =
Lng dung dch SMB thm vo trong qu trnh trch li th.

Hm lng cc hp cht polyphenol l 0,1-0,3% nguyn liu
NaHSO3
Na+ + HSO3(0,1-0,3)%
(0,1-0,3)%
+
HSO3 + H2 O
2H + HSO4- ( hydro mi sinh ra)
(0,1-0,3)%
(0,2-0,6)%
C=C + 2H+
CH-HC
( hp cht khng mu)
(0,1-0,3)%
(0,2-0,6)%
Nh vy ta c hm lng NaHSO3 ti a cn dng l 0,3% khi lng nguyn liu,
m dung dch SMB l dung dch NaHSO3 38%. Vy ta c khi lng dung dch
SMB cn thm vo l:
Sth =
0,3 100 100

0,79 kg/h
100 38
Nng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch li th l 5oBe ~ 9,2 oBx

Khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch li th l:
H2 =
25,028 100
272,04
9,2
kg/h
Gi s hao ht trong qu trnh ny l 2% khi lng hn hp thu c, ta c khi

lng dch sa thu c l:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
H2 = 272,04
2 272,04
266,6 kg/h
100
Lng nc cn b sung vo trong qu trong ny l:

N2 = H2 - H1 - Sth + B1 = 272,04 140,84 0,75 8,07 138,52 (kg/h)
4.2.1.7. Qu trnh trch li tinh.

Trch li tinh
H2, T1, P1
H3, T2, P2
B2, W2
tinh bt theo b l 1,5%. Vy ta c khi lng b kh c tch ra l:
B2 =
30 4,532 1,5 20,55
1,67 kg/h
100
100

C2 = C1 - B2 = 25,028 1,67 = 23,36 kg/h
T2 = 20,55 -
1,5 20,55
20,24 kg/h
100

P2 = 4,532 -
30 4,532
3,079 kg/h
100
Nng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch li tinh l 7oBe ~ 12,88 oBx

Khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch li tinh l:
H3 =
23,36 100
181,366
12,88
kg/h
Chn hao ht ca qu trnh l 2,5% ta c:

H3 = 184,366-
2,5 181,366
176,83 kg/h
100
Ta c lng b c tch ra l:
B2 = H2 - H3= 266,6 181,366= 85,23 kg/h
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
4.2.1.8. Sng cong

Sng cong
H3, T2, P2
H4, T3, P3
B3, W3
tinh bt theo dch phn li l 0,75%. Vy ta c khi lng b kh c tch ra l:
B3 =
20 3,079 0,75 20,24
0,7876 kg/h
100
100
C3 = C2 - B3=23,36 0,7876 = 22,6 kg/h

T3 = 20,24 -
0,75 20,24
20,1 kg/h
100

P3 = 3,079 -
20 3,079
2,5 kg/h
100
B c tch ra c m W3= 80%, nn ta c lng b c tch ra l:

B3 =
100 0,7876
3,9 kg/h
100 80
Khi lng hn hp thu c sau khi qua sng cong l:

H4 = H3 - B1 = 176,83 3,9 172,93 kg/h
Chn hao ht cng on ca qu trnh l 1,5% ta c lng dch sa thc t thu c
l:
H4 = 172,93 -
1,5 172,93
170,33 kg
100
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
4.2.1.8. Phn li 1
H4, T3, P3
H5, T4, P4
Phn li 1
NPL1
Nng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh phn li 1 l 12oBe ~ 22,08 oBx

Gi s qu trnh ny tch c 55% hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt cn li, v tn
tht tinh bt theo dch phn li l 0,75%. Vy ta c khi lng cht kh cn li
trong hn hp l:
C4 = 22,6 -
55 2,5 0,75 20,1
21,7 kg/h
100
100

T4 = 20,1 -
0,75 20,1
19,95 kg/h
100

P4 = 2,5 -
55 2,5
1,125 kg/h
100
Khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh phn li 1 l:

H5 =
21,7 100
98,3
22,08
kg/h
Ta c khi lng dch phn li 1 c tch ra l:

NPL1 = H4 H5 = 170,33 98,3 72,03 kg/h
l:
H5 = 98,3 -
2,5 98,3
95,84 kg/h
100
4.2.1.10. Phn li 2
H5, T4, P4
Phn li 2
H6, T5, P5
NPL2
Nng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh phn li 2 l 15oBe ~ 27,6 oBx
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP

tinh bt theo dch phn li l 0,75%. Vy ta c khi lng cht kh cn li trong
hn hp l:
C5 = 21,7 Hm lng tinh bt cn li:
T5 = 19,95 -
60 1,125 0,75 19,95
20,88 kg/h
100
100
0,75 19,95
19,8 kg/h
100

P5 = 1,125 -
60 1,125
0,45 kg/h
100
Khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch phn li 2 l:

H6 =
20,88 100
75,65
27,6
kg/h
Ta c khi lng dch phn li 2 c tch ra l:

NPL2 = H5 H6 =
95,84 75,65 20,19
kg/h

l:
H6 = 75,65 -
1,5 75,65
74,51 kg/h
100
4.2.1.11. Ly tm
H6, T5, P5
Ly tm
H7, T6, P6
NLT
Nng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh ly tm c m l 40%, vy nng cht
kh ca hn hp ta thu c l 60%
Xem nh qu trnh ny tch c hon ton hm lng cc cht phi tinh bt tinh
bt cn li, v tn tht tinh bt theo dch li tm l 0,75%. Vy ta c khi lng
cht kh cn li cng chnh l lng tinh bt cn li trong hn hp l:
C6 = T5 = 20,88 0,45
0,75 19,8
20,3 kg/h
100
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Khi lng hn hp thu c sau qu trnh trch phn li 2 l vi hao ht cng on

l 1,5%:
H7 =
20,3 100 1,5 20,3 100
33,3 kg/h
60
60 100
Ta c khi lng nc c tch ra l:

NLT = H6 H7 =
74,51 33,2 41,21
kg/h
4.2.1.12. Sy
H7, T6, P6
H8, T7, P7
Sy
W
Sn phm sau sy phi t m l 12%, nn ta c nng cht kh ca sn phm l

88%:
Khi lng sn phm thu c sau khi sy theo l thuyt l:
H8 =
20,3 100
23,07 kg/h
88
Tht thot tinh bt theo kh thi 0,3% khi lng sn phm:

Vy khi lng sn phm thu c sau khi sy thc t l:
H8 = 23,07-
23,07 0,3
23 kg/h
100
Lng m tch ra l: W= = H7 H8 =
33,3 23 10,3
kg/h
4.2.1.13. Ry v ng bao
Cho hao ht 2 qu trnh ny l 0,5% khi lng sn phm:
Ta c khi lng thnh phm thu c l:
H9 = 23-
23 0,5
22,9 kg/h
100
Khi lng thnh phm thu c t 100 kg nguyn liu l 22,9 kg tinh bt sn c m
12%.
Vy vi nng sut l 40000 tn nguyn liu 1 nm nh my to ra 9200 tn sn phm tinh
bt sn.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Bng 4.3 : Bng tng kt tnh cn bng vt cht:

STT
Cng on
Tnh cho
Tnh cho
Tnh cho
100kg
1 gi
1 ca
(kg)
(tn)
(tn)
Tnh cho 1
ngy (tn)
Tnh cho 1
nm (tn)
Sng rung
100
8,83
70,65
141,3
40000
Bc v
98,1
8,66
69,308
138,616
39240
Ra c
96,16
8,49
67,937
135,874
38464
Lng nc ra c
240,40
21,23
169,84
339,68
96160
Cht khc
94,52
8,35
66,778
133,556
37808
Mi
94,38
8,33
66,679
133,358
37752
47,17
4,17
33,326
66,652
18868
Trch li th
140,84
12,44
99,503
199,006
56336
Lng nc b sung
138,52
12,23
97,864
195,728
55408
Lng dung dch SMB
0,79
0,07
0,5581
1,1162
316
Lng b tch ra
8,07
0,71
5,7015
114,03
3228
4
5
6
Lng nc b sung
vo
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Trch li tinh
266,6
23,54
188,35
376,7
106640
Lng dch b tch ra
85,23
7,53
60,215
120,43
34092
Sng cong
176,83
15,61
124,93
249,86
70732
Lng dch b tch ra
3,9
0,34
2,7554
55,108
1560
Phn li 1
172,93
15,27
122,18
244,36
69172
Dch phn li 1
72,03
6,36
50,889
101,778
28812
Phn li 2
95,84
8,46
67,711
135,422
38336
Dch phn li 2
20,19
1,78
14,264
28,528
8076
74,51
6,58
52,641
105,282
29804
41,21
2,22
17,74
35,48
16472
Sy
33,3
2,94
23,52
Lng m tch ra
10,3
0,932
7,46
14,92
Ry v ng bao
23
2,03
16,25
32,5
10
Li tm
11
Nc tch ra
12
13
47,05
13318
4224
9200
Chng 5:
TNH V
CHN THIT B
5.1 Cng
on lm sch
nguyn
liu:
5.1.1 Phu nhp
liu
Theo s liu
bng 4,3 ta c nng
sut nhp liu mi
gi ca nh my l:
70,65
8,83 tn/h
8
L=
Khi lng ring ca c khoai m ti l 950 kg/m 3 v ta lng nguyn liu trong
phu nhp liu cho mt gi sn xut, ta c:
Th tch phu nhp liu cn thit l:
V=
8,83
9,3
0,95
m3
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Hnh 5.2: Ni nhp liu ca nh my [14]
Chn phu nhp liu c cc c im thng s k thut sau [26]:

5.1.2
Cng sut ng c: 5 HP
Th tch nhp liu:
10 m3
Chiu cao phu:
2,5 m
Chiu rng ming phu: 4 m
Chiu di ming phu: 4 m
Chiu rng y phu: 0,7 m
Chiu di y phu: 0,7 m
Nc sn xut:
Vit Nam
S lng:
1 ci
Sng rung [25]
Sng rung c t di phu nhp liu c nhim v iu tit nguyn liu ln bng ti
nghing. Sng rung lm bng thp, th tch cha 8 12 m3, c t trn 1 khung thp c
cc cc cao su gim chn, dng hnh chp ct . Sng rung c treo di phu nhp
liu bng 4 thanh lc c lp 8 vng bi, m t vi b phn truyn ai thang, trc khuu l 1
cam lch tm e = 40mm, s ln dao ng 240 ln/pht.
Bin dao ng: 0,5 1,3mm.
Cng sut ng c: 550W
Kch thc thit b: (5000x600x1400)
Nng sut thit b: 12 m3
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
n= 9,3 0,775
S lng thit b:
12
Vy chn 1 thit b
5.1.3
Lng bc v
Hnh 5.3: Lng bc v [19]

1. Khung gi
2. Trc ln, con ln
3. Bnh rng
4. Dy xch
5. Khuu ni
6. Thanh thp
7. Ca tho cht thi
8. Ca sn phm ra
9. Ca nguyn liu vo
Cc thng s k thut:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chiu di: 6 m
ng knh: 2
Vt
liu:
m
Trong: Li kim
loi,
ngoi:
Cng sut m
Nc sn xut:
Nng sut thit
khung st
t: 20 HP
Vit Nam
b: 15 m3/h
Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng
nguyn liu i vo
my bc v l :
8,66
9,1
0,95
8,66 tn/h =
S lng thit b cn dng : n=
m3/h
9,1
0,67
15
Vy ch cn 1 thit b bc v.
5.1.4
My ra c
Hnh 5.4: My ra c [19]

1. Mng ra c
2. Trc dn ng
3. Cnh khuy
4. Ca thot nc
Cc thng s k thut:
-
Kch thc: (8000 1200 1200) mm

Vt liu: Khung st, cnh ca bng thp khng g
Cng sut m t: 20 HP
Nc sn xut: Vit Nam
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng nguyn liu i vo ra c l :

8,49 tn/h =
8,49
8,94
0,95
m3/h
Nng sut thit b: 15 m3/h

S lng thit b cn
dng : n=
8,94
0,596
15
Vy chn 1 thit b
5.2. Cng on x l
nguyn liu:
5.2.1
My ct khc
1. V my
2. Trc
3. B phn truyn ng
4. Dao ng
5. Dao tnh
Hnh 5.5: My ct khc [19]
Cc thng s k thut
-
Nng sut thit k: 10 20 tn c/h

Kiu: A12
Kch thc( D-R-C): (2500x1500x1200)mm
Vt liu: Khung st, dao ct bng thp khng g
S dao: 22
Khong cch gia cc dao: 0,03 m
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Cng sut m t: 20 HP
Nh sn xut: Rauch
Theo bng 4.3 ta c: Nng sut thc t ca nh my l 8,35 tn c/ h

M nng sut thit k ca thit b trn l 10 20 tn c/h
Vy ch cn chn 1 thit b.
5.2.
My mi
1. V my
2. Trc mi
3. B phn truyn ng
4. Trc my
5. Gi
6. ng c
7. Ca tho liu
8. Ca np liu
9. Li dao trc mi
Hnh 5.6: My mi [23]
Cc thng s k thut:
- Nng sut thit k: 10 tn c/h
- Loi my: Jahn
- Cng sut m t: 75 KW
- S vng quay ca ng c: 1500 vng/pht
- ng knh tang nghin: 1,4 m
- S vng quay ca tang nghin: 1194 vng/ pht
- Tng s dao: 192 dao
- Kch thc dao: Rng 32 cm, cao 2 4 mm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Theo bng 4.3 ta c: Nng sut thc t ca nh my l 8,33 tn c/ h

i chiu vi nng sut thit k ca thit b l 10 tn c/h
Vy ch cn chn 1 thit b.
5.2.3
Bn cha bn thnh phm
Bn cha bn thnh phm c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, bn trong thng
c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng khuy o, pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi
cnh khuy nm st y, v thng lm bng thp khng g.
Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi: + D: l ng knh ca thn hnh tr.
+ HT: l chiu cao ca thn hnh cu.
+ h: l chiu cao ca thn hnh chm cu.
D
+ r: l bn knh chm cu: r = D/2.

Chn Ht = 1,3D
Ht
h = 0,3D
Chiu cao ton thit b l H
H = Ht + 2 x h = 1,3D +2 x 0,3D = 1,9D
Gi
Vtb l th tch ca bn cha.

Vtr l th tch thn hnh tr
Vc l th tch thn chm cu
Th Vtb = Vtr + Vc , trong :

Vtr =
Vc =
. D 2 . Ht
4
4
r
3
3,14 x D 2 x 1,3D
=1,021D3
4
4
4 x3,14 3
( D / 2) 3 =
D = 0,523D3
3
24
Vtb = Vtru+ 2Vc = (1,021 + 2 x 0,523) x D3 = 2,067 x D3

Vy D 3
Vtb
2,067
Tnh s bn cha thnh phm sau khi mi

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chn 2 bn cha cha bn thnh phm sau qu trnh mi c th tch cha lng
bn thnh phm trong 1 gi ( theo bng 4,3) l 11,47 tn/h
Khi lng ring ca hn hp sau mi l 1450 kg/m3
Th tch ti thiu ca mi bn cha l: Vtt =
11,47 x1000
3,9 m3 ~ 4 m3
2 x1450
ng knh ca bn cha l :
D
4
1,246 ~ 1,3 m
2,067
Chn D = 1,3 m.
Ht = 1,3 x D = 1,3 x 1,3 = 1,69 (m)

h = 0,3 x D = 0,3 x 1,3 = 0,39 (m)
H = 1,9 x D = 1,9 x 1,3 = 2,47(m)
Vy chn 2 bn cha kch thc 1300 x 2500 x 390 (mm) (*)
Tnh s bn cha thnh phm sau trch li
Bn cha bn thnh phm sau qu trnh trch li th c th tch cha lng bn
thnh phm trong 1 gi ( theo bng 4,3) l 14,39 tn/h. Chn bn cha c th tch 4
m3 c kch thc nh bn cha bn thnh phm sau qu trnh mi.Khi lng
ring ca hn hp sau trch li th l 1350 kg/m3.
Ta c s lng thit b l: n =
14,39 x1000
2,66
4 x1350
Vy m bo cho nng sut nh my th ta cn chn 3 bn cha bn thnh phm

sau trch li th.
Bn cha bn thnh phm sau thit b trch li tinh.
Theo bng 4,3 ta c lng dch sa i vo thit b trch li tinh l 23,54 tn/h.Do
lng dch sa i vo thit b trch li tinh kh ln nn phi tnh ton v chn loi
bn cha c kch thc ln hn. Ta c:
Khi lng ring ca hn hp sau trch li tinh l 1290 kg/m 3 .Chn s lng bn
cha l 2, ta c:
Th tch ti thiu ca mi bn cha l: Vtt =
23,54 x1000
9 m3
2 x1290
ng knh ca bn cha l :
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
9
1,6 m
2,067
Chn D = 1,6 m.
Ht = 1,3 x D = 1,3 x 1,6 = 2,08 (m)

h = 0,3 x D = 0,3 x 1,6 = 0,48 (m)
H = 1,9 x D = 1,9 x 1,6= 3,04(m)
Vy chn 2 bn cha kch thc 1600 x 3100 x 480 (mm)
Tnh s bn cha thnh phm sau phn li
Bn cha bn thnh phm sau qu trnh phn li 1 c th tch cha lng bn
thnh phm trong 1 gi ( theo bng 4,3) l 5,96 tn/h
Bn cha c dng hnh tr lm bng thp khng g
Khi lng ring ca hn hp sau phn li l 1265 kg/m3.
Chn kiu bn cha c th tch l 4 m3 v c kch thc nh (*) mc trn.
Ta c s lng thit b l: n =
5,96 x1000
1,2
4 x1265
Vy ch cn 2 thit b cha bn thnh phm sau phn li 1.

5.3.
Cng on tch tinh bt :
Trong cng ngh sn xut tinh bt sn th qu trnh tch tinh bt ra khi dung dch bt sn
gi l qu trnh trch li. thc hin cng on ny th ngi ta thng dung thit
b li tm
5.3.1 Thit b cho qu trnh trch li
a. Trch li th
1.V my
2. Ca np liu
3. Ca dn dung dch SMB vo
4. Ca nc vo
5. Ca tho dch sa
6. Ca tho b
Hnh 5.6: My trch ly [22]
7. ng c din
8. Ca v sinh
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Theo bng 4,3 ta c lng bn thnh phm sau mi c bm vo my trch li th l:

12,44 tn/h, lng nc b sung vo l 12,23 tn/h, gi s khi lng ring ca hn hp
ny l 1350 kg/ m3. Ta c tng th tch ti thiu ca cc my trch li l:
Vtl =
(12,44 12,23) x1000

18,27 m3 / gi
1350
Chn thit b trch li th vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:[23]

- Kiu my:
DS
- Loi my:
SD 16DS
- Nc sn xut: Nht Bn
- Kch thc:
(2245x1730x770)
- Nng sut: 5m3/h
- Cng sut ng c: 22kw
- S vng quay: 3810 vng/pht
- Khi lng: 2680 kg
Kch thc l li: ng knh d = 0,4 mm
S lng thit b l: n = 18,27 3,7
5
Vy chn 4 thit b trch li th.

b. Trch li tinh
Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng bn thnh phm sau mi c bm vo my trch li
tinh l: 14,39 tn/h. Gi s khi lng ring ca hn hp ny l 1290 kg/ m3. Ta c
tng th tch ti thiu ca cc my trch li l:
Vtl =
14,39 x1000
11,16 m3 / gi
1290
Chn thit b trch li tinh vi cc thng s k thut sau y[22]:

-
M hiu:
TGPE 850
Nc sn xut:
Thi Lan
Vn tc quay:
1470 vng/pht
ng c in:
22 KW
Kch thc l li:
80 m & 100 m
Nng sut lm vic:
3 m3/h
Kch thc (DxRxC): (2000x1330x1950) mm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
S lng thit b l: n = 11,16 3,72

3
Vy chn 4 thit b trch li tinh.

5.3.2. Sng cong
Thit b sng cong c thng s v kch thc c bn nh sau
+ Nng sut: 10-30 tn/h
+ Tc vng quay: 1200vng/pht
+ ng c: 16 KW
+ Kch Thc: (LxWxH): 1020x1030x2300
Dch sa ca giai on trch ly th s c phun qua sng cong nhm mc ch tch
cc tp cht c kch thc ln hn ht tinh bt. Di tc dng ca p lc cc ht c kch
thc nh s lt qua li v thng cha, phn khng lt li s c a ra kho b. Khe
h li ca sng cong c kch thc 0,075mm.
Tra bng 4.3 ta c: Nng sut thc t ca nh my cng on sng cong l 15,61
tn c/ h.
i chiu vi nng sut ca thit b l 10 30 tn/h, vy ch cn 1 thit b l c.
5.3.3. My phn ly
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Hnh 5.7: My phn ly [22]

1. Ca np liu
2. Ca cht lng nh ra
3. Dch sa sau phn ly
4. Ca nc vo
5. V my
6. L bec
7. ng c truyn ng
8. Thng quay
Thng s k thut [22]

Chn thit b phn li vi cc c im thng s k thut nh bng sau:
-
M s: CHNX 414
Nng sut: 4m3/h
Kch thc:
2700x850x1350 mm
Chiu di khung quay:
860 mm
ng knh khung quay:
353 mm
Tc quay ti a:
5000 vng/pht
Trng lng: 1900 kg
Cng sut ng c:
50HP
Nh sn xut:
Westfalia
Chn s lng thit b.

Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng nguyn liu i vo thit b phn li l:
+ Phn li 1: 15,27 tn/h, chn khi lng ring ca dch sa l 1285 kg/ m3.
+ Phn li 2: 8,46 tn/h, chn khi lng ring ca dch sa l 1295 kg/ m3.
Tng th tch ti thiu ca cc thit b phn li l:
+ Phn li 1: Vpl1 =
15,27 x1000
11,88 m3
1285
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
+ Phn li 2 : Vpl2 =

8,46 x1000
6,53 m3
1295
S lng thit b l:
11,88
2,97
4
6,53
1,63
+ Phn li 2 : npl2 =
4
+ Phn li 1: npl1 =
Vy chn 3 thit b phn li 1

Vy chn 2 thit b phn li 2
5.3.4 My li tm
Hnh 5.8:
1.
Thit b ly tm [23]
my
2. ng dn nguyn
liu vo
3. B phn vt ti tho
bt m
4.
phn truyn ng
5. B phn bm thu
lc
6. Thng quay
7. Ca tho liu
Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng dch sa i vo thit b li tm l 6,58 tn/h. Khi lng
ring ca dch sa l 1365 kg/ m3. Ta c th tch ti thiu ca thit b li tm l:
Vlt =
6,58 x1000
4,82 m3
1365
Chn 1 thit b li tm vi nng sut 5 m3/h ( tc l thit b c th tch 5 m3 ) v c cc

thng s, c im l thut nh sau:
M hiu
TGPHC 1600
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Nc sn xut
Thi Lan
Vn tc quay
5500 vng/pht
ng c in
45 kW
Nng sut lm vic Qm
5 m3/h
Kch thc (D R C)
2370 1810 1879 mm
5.3.5 Cc thit b trong h thng sy [24]
Thit b: H thng my sy kh ng gm c:
Hnh 3.8 - Cu to my sy kh ng
1.Caloriphe 2.ng sy
3.Cyclone nng
4.ng thot kh sy
5.Qut ht 6.ng dn bt 7.Kho van kh
8.My lc khng kh
9.Thng cha bt m 10.Vt nho bt 11.Vt nh lng 12.Vt vung b
- Thng phn phi bt m:
Ton b phn tip xc vi bt m lm bng thp khng g, lm bng thp cacbon, c
tit din phn thn hnh ch nht, y c dng na hnh tr, tit din hnh ovan. Gm
nhng phn sau:
+ Vt nho bt: Trc lm bng thp khng g, trn trc c gn cc cnh v c truyn
ng bng mt qua hp gim tc.
Bt c m t 38-40% nn d kt dnh, do vt nho bt c nhim v khy o
ngn chn qu trnh ny.
+ Vt nh lng: Cu to vt ti xon. Khi hot ng, vt s quay s cung cp mt
lng bt vo ng ng sy.c truyn ng qua hp gim tc.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
np bt mt cch nh lng, ngi ta dng b bin tn iu chnh tc quay

ca vt ti.B bin tn c tc dng thay i dng in cp vo mt vt nh lng qua
thay i tc quay ca vt.
- Vt tung bt:
Bt sau khi nh lng vo h thng sy vn cha mn. trnh hin tng vn cc gy
kh khn cho qu trnh sy nn cn phn tn k.
Phn thn v mi cho lm bng thp khng g.c truyn ng trc tip bng mt,
tc quay 1450 vng/pht.
- My lc khng kh
Gm nhng tm vi lc ghp li vi nhau lc cc bi bn v cc ht rn trc khi a
vo lm nng.Khung lm bng thp m km.
- Calorife
B mt ca Calorife lm bng tn nhit chu nhit cao, din tch trao i nhit
ln.phn v khung bc lm bng thp. Du trao i nhit sau khi c t nng c
bm ly tm cp vo Calorife. Gin trao i nhit l h thng cc ng nh, bn trong cha
du truyn nhit. Du tun hon trong ng nh bm.
- Thp sy bt
Tt c cc thp sy lm bng thp khng g dy 2mm, bch ni bng km, cch nhit
bng si thy tinh v c bc tn bn ngoi. Thp cao 30m, ng knh ng 750 mm.
- Cyclon nng
c lm bng thp khng g, cu to l mt cyclon kh, gm hai ci mc song
song.
Thn hnh tr ni vi y hnh nn. ng dn kh vo ni tip tuyn vi thn, a
kh c ln bt vo c vn tc ln vo vi phng tip tuyn vi thn hnh tr. V vy kh
trong ng chuyn ng trn quanh ng tm lm xut hin lc ly tm.Cc ht bt c khi
lng ln s vng ra bm trn thnh ng ri ri xung y hnh nn.Dng kh c gii
phng khi bt qua tm ng ra ngoi.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- Kha kh van quay

Bt lng xung y hnh nn ca cyclon c ti xung lin tc nh van quay.Cc van
quay lm bng thp khng g, c tit din hnh trn, bn trong c cc cnh quay nh mt
qu kh c 4 cnh.
C hai van quay cho cyclon c truyn ng t 1 m t, hp gim tc thng qua
bnh rn, xch v trc truyn ng.
- Qut ht nng
Cng sut truyn ng ca m t l 75kW.
L loi qut ly tm. Gm mt ci v hnh xon c, bn trong l gung gm cc cnh
c un cong li. Khng kh c ht vo qua ca tm ca gung ri b cc cnh
gung cun theo, nh lc ly tm vng ra thnh v v c y ra khi qut qua ca ra vi
p sut ln hn p sut ht mt cht.
Nguyn l hot ng ca my sy :
Khng kh ngoi tri c nhit khong 25-30C, cha nhiu bi bn. Sau khi qua
my lc bi, bi bn b gi li trn cc tm vi. Khng kh sch vo Calorife, ti y xy
ra qu trnh trao i nhit gia khng kh sch v du truyn nhit qua thnh ng. Du sau
khi c t nng l bung t du, c nhit khong 270C
c bm tun hon a n Calorife. Khng kh c qut nng ht qua Calorife, n
s thu nhit ca du v nng ln khong 180 - 220C ri i vo thp sy. Khng kh s
cun bt m sau khi c phn tn ln cao. Trong qu trnh ny din ra s bc hi nc
ca bt m, bt kh hn. Cng ln cao bt cng kh v c lm ngui, sau i qua 2
cyclon ri ri xung y ca 2 cyclone nh lc ly tm, khng kh nng qua tm ng v
c thi ra ngoi khng kh.
a. Caloriphe
Thit b ny dng nng nhit ca khng kh ln trc khi a vo my sy,
y ta dng du( l mt loi dung mi ti nhit) cho i qua ng truyn nhit, tc nhn sy
l khng kh i qua caloriphe trao i nhit vi du trong ng truyn nhit v nng ln
n nhit l 180 - 2200C,
Chn kch thc ca caloriphe:
S ng truyn nhit l: n = 635 ng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- S ng truyn nhit ca 1 hng:

n = 20 ng
- S hng sp cc ng truyn nhit:
n2 =
= 31,75
Vy chn s hng sp cc ng truyn nhit l n2 = 32 hng.

- Chiu di caloriphe:
Chn khong cch gia 2 hng ng l ld = 0,01m; 32 hng ng s c 31 khong
h gia v 2 khong h 2 bn, Chiu di ca caloriphe:
Dcalo = n2 D + (n2 1) ld + 2 ld
= 32 0,074 + 31 0,01 + 2 0,01 = 2,698 (m)
Vi D l ng knh gn: D = 0,074m
- Chiu rng caloriphe:
Chn khong cch 2 ng l lr = 0,01m; 20 ng ca 1 hng s c 19 khong h
gia v 2 khong h 2 bn, Chiu rng ca caloriphe:
Rcalo = n1 D + (n1 1) lr + 2 lr
= 20 0,074 + 19 0,01 + 2 0,01 = 1,69 (m)
- Chiu cao caloriphe:
Ccalo = 1m
Vy kch thc ca caloriphe (D R C): 2700 1690 1000 mm.
Th tch ca caloriphe l : V = 2,698 1,690 1 = 4,56 m3
b. Vt ti nhp liu
y ta chn vt ti nm ngang thuc loi cnh xon lin tc khng lin trc do vn
chuyn vt liu dng ht c kch thc kh ln v vt liu dnh, Phn cui ca vt ti dng
cnh xon dng l c tc dng nh ti vt liu,
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Cc thng s k thut ca vt ti:

-
Chiu di vt ti: L = 1,5m
Cng sut ng c: N = 9,5W
ng knh cnh vt: D = 125mm
Bc vt: S = 125mm
c. Cyclon
Dng loi cyclon H-15 c kch thc sau:
- ng knh cyclone: D = 750 mm
- Chiu cao ca vo: a = 0,66D = 495mm
- Chiu cao tm ng c mt bch: h1= 1,74D = 1305mm
- Chiu cao phn hnh tr: h2= 2,26D = 1695mm
- Chiu cao phn hnh nn: h3= 2D = 1500 mm
- Chiu cao phn bn ngoi ng tm h4= 0,3D = 225 mm
- Chiu cao chung: H = 4,56D = 3240 mm
- ng knh ngoi ng ra: d1= 0,6D = 450 mm
- ng knh trong ca ca tho bi: d2= 0,4D = 300 mm
- Chiu rng ca ng vo b1/b2 = 195/150
- Chiu di ca ng ca vo L = 0,6D = 450mm
- Khong cch t tn cng Cyclon n mt bch h5= 0,3D = 225mm
- Gc nghing gia np ng v ca vo = 15
- H s tr lc = 105
- S lng : 3 ci.
d. Chn qut
Do h thng sy di, c tr lc ln nn ta dng 2 qut t u v cui h thng:
Qut t u h thng- Qut y, c nhim v cung cp khng kh cho calorife.
Khng kh ngoi tri c qut y a qua calorife, trao i nhit ri a vo
thng sy.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Qut t cui h thng qut ht, c nhim v ht tc nhn sy qua ng sy

cp nhit cho vt liu sy v qua cyclon thu hi sn phm. ng ng t sau
ng sy n trc cyclone c tit din hnh ch nht v bng tit din ca vo
cyclone.
Chn qut c k hiu: 9-57, No8 vi cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Cng sut ng c: N = 45 HP
Vn tc: w = 100 rad/s
Kch thc: 2900 1330 1450 mm
5.3.6. Chn my ry bt [25]
Nhng thng s k thut sau:
S vng quay: 1450 vng/pht
ng c in: 4 kW
Nng sut lm vic: 2,5 tn/h

Kch thc l sng: 0,125 mm
Kch thc (D R C) = 1600 800 1500 mm
Theo bng 4.3. ta c khi lng tinh bt i vo thit b ry l 2,03 tn
Ta c: S lng thit b : n =
2,03
0,812
2,5
Vy chn 1 thit b
5.3.7 My ng gi
Thit b: my ng bao
- Qut ht ngui: l loi qut ly tm nh qut nng, cng sut 22kW.C th iu chnh
ca ht, qua iu chnh lc ly tm ca bt ln thnh cyclone, do vy c th tch cu
t nh theo mun.
- Cyclone kh: gm hai cyclone cng cp thu tinh bt thnh phm v mt xyclone
b tr cao hn thu bt ph phm.
- Ry bt: Kch thc li ry 70 mesh, tt c lm bng thp khng g, l kiu sng
xoay trn.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Gm c v bc bn ngoi, c tit din hnh ch nht, va ngn khng cho bt phn

tn ra bn ngoi, va l ni gi cc b phn cng tc. Phn bn trong l mt r li
dng hnh tr, t nm ngang gm hai lp. Bao ngoi l mt lp li tha, dt, gi cho
li bn trong, li bn trong l li tm kim loi c l 70 mesh. C mt ng dn bt
sau kha kh n lng trong ca r li.
Hnh 3.9 - Cu to my ng bao

1. Bng ti
2. Thng ng bao 3. Phu cn
5. Cyclon ngui 6. Kha kh
7. ng thot kh 8. Qut ngui
4. Thng hng
B phn cng tc: gm c trc quay nm gia gn bn cnh l bn thanh t gn st

mp li, g song song vi trc. Khi trc chuyn ng quay, cnh quay trong s quay,
phn tn cc ht bt mn ra ngoi r li, phn th s n v l thot ra ngoi. M t
truyn ng 5.5kW, cng vi pully v dy ai.
* Thng hng: c lm bng thp khng g, tit din hnh tam gic, pha di l vt
ti n bt n vt phn phi. Vt c truyn ng bng m t 2,2kW.
- Vt ti phn phi: l mt ng hnh tr, bn trong t mt vt xon, ton b lm bng
thp khng g. t vung gc vi vt ti trn, c th chuyn ng o chiu quay a
bt v hai pha. Truyn ng bi m t 2,2kW.
Chn thit b vi cc thng s k thut sau:[26]
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Nng sut thit k l: 5 tn/h

Chn cn ng bao t ng vi cc thng s nh sau:
Ni sn xut: Vit Nam
ng c in: 2,2 kW
Kch thc (D R C) = 2400 2200 4200 mm
Theo bng 4.3 ta c nng sut khu ng gi ti nh my l: 2,03 tn/h

S lng thit b: n =
2,03
0,406
5
Vy chn 1 thit b.
5.4. Tnh v chn thit b ph
5.4.1 Tnh v chn bm [27]
*, Thit k v tr bm
- 1 bm hn hp bn cha sau mi ln thit b trch ly
- 1 bm t bn cha sau thit b trch ly th sang trch ly tinh
- 2 bm dch sa bn cha sau trch ly tinh qua thit b sng cong,
- 2 bm dch sa t bn cha sau sng cong qua thit b phn ly
- 1 bm t bn cha sau thit b phn ly 1 sang thit b phn ly 2
- 1 bm dch sa c qua my ly tm
*, Cc thng s ca bm
Loi bm: ly tm
Cnh bm: 252 94 mm,
ng c in: 11,2 kW,
S vng quay: 1200 vng/pht,
Kch thc (D R C): 1600 800 1500 mm,
5.4.2 Chn vt ti vn chuyn [27]
Chn 1 vt ti vn chuyn b
- Nng sut 3 tn/h
- Cng sut ng c: 2,5 kW
- ng knh trc: 400 mm
- Bc vt:160 mm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- Kch thc: 18000 800 mm

Chn 1 vt ti vn chuyn bt m trc khi sy
- Nng sut: Q = 5 tn/h
- Cng sut ng c: 4kW
- ng knh trc: 400 mm
- Bc vt:160 mm
- Kch thc: 5000 800 mm
5.4.3 Chn bng ti [29]
Bng ti vn chuyn nguyn liu sau sn rung a qua lng bc v
Bng ti c nhng thng s sau:
- Nng sut 5 tn/h
- Kch thc: 6000 600 mm
Chn 2 bng ti : 1 Bng ti vn chuyn c t my ra c qua my ct khc:
- Nng sut 5 tn/h
- Kch thc: 8000 600 mm
1 bng ti vn chuyn c qua my mi sau khi c ct khc,
- Nng sut 5 tn/h
- Kch thc: 4000 600 mm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Bng 5.1. Tm tt cc thit b chnh v kch thc thit b

S
Kch thc (DRC)
Thit b
lng
(mm)
Phu np liu
1
4000 x 4000 x 2500
Sng rung
1
1500 x 600 x1400
Bng ti 1
1
6000 600
Lng bc v
1
6000 x 2000
Thit b ra c
1
8000 x 1200 x 1200
Bng ti 2
1
8000 600
Thit b bm c
1
2000 x 1000 x 1200
Thit b nghin mi
1
2500 x 1400 x 1100
Bng ti 3
1
4000 600
Thit b trch ly th
4
2250 x 1730 x 770
Thit b trch ly tinh
4
2250 x 1730 x 770
Sng cong
1
1020 x 1030 x 2300
Thit b phn ly 1
3
2700 x 850 x 1330
Thit b phn ly 2
2
2700 x 850 x 1330
Thit b ly tm tch nc
2
2070 x 1810 x 1879
Thit b ry
1
1600 x 800 x 1500
Thit b ng gi
1
2400 x 2200 x 4200
Calorife my sy
1
2700 1690 1000
Thp sy
1
0,75 30000 mm
Qut ht nng
1
2900 1330 1450 mm
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
21
22
23
24
26
Bn
cha
Qut y
Vt ti vn chuyn bt m
Vt ti vn chuyn b
Bm
Bn cha sau mi
1
1
1
8
2
Bn cha sau phn ly
Bn cha sau trch li tinh
Bn cha sau trch li th
Bn cha sau phn li 1
2900 1330 1450 mm

5000 800 mm
18000 800 mm
1600 800 1500 mm
1300x2500x390
1600x3100x480
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 6:
TNH TON CN BNG NHIT CHO QU TRNH SY
6.1. Cc thng s ban u

-
Lng vt liu trc khi vo my sy: G1 = 2940 (kg/h)

m ban u: w1 = 40% (kg m/kg vt liu t).
m cui: w2 = 12% (kg m/kg vt liu t).
ng knh trung bnh ca khi ht: dtb = 15 25m.
Khi lng ring: = 1440 1460 (kg/m3) ng vi m w2 = 12%
chn h cui = 1450 (kg/m3)
h u = 1284,5 (kg/m3) ng vi m w1 = 40%
= 1367,25 (kg/m3)
- T trng = 2,71
- Nhit dung ring (vt liu kh) Ck = 1,27 (kj/kgh)
- Nhit khng kh trc khi qua caloriphe t0 = 26 0C
- Nhit khng kh sy t1 = 160 0C
- Nhit khng kh sau khi sy t2 = 50 0C
= 26 0C
Nhit ca nguyn liu vo
Nhit ca nguyn liu ra 1 = 50 0C

Nhit ca du truyn nhit tdu = 270 0C
m ca nguyn liu trc khi sy W1 = 40%
m ca nguyn liu sau khi sy W1 = 12%
m ca khng kh trc khi qua caloriphe 0 = 80%
p sut kh quyn P = 1at
Cc thng s trng thi ca khng kh

B
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
+ Trng thi A: Trng thi ca khng kh tnh Tha Thin Hu ni t

thit b sy:
Trng thi ca khng kh trc khi vo calorife vi iu kin kh hu Tnh Tha
Thin Hu: to= 26oC, = 0,85
p sut bo ha ca khng kh
t = 25 0C => P = 0,0323 at
[2/tr132]
t = 30 0C => P = 0,0433 at
-
Bng phng php ni suy ta c to = 26 0C => P = 0,0345 at

Hm lm m ca khng kh
[3/tr95]
x0 = 0,622
= 0,622
= 0,018 (kg/kg kkk)
Hm nhit ca khng kh trc khi qua caloriphe

I0 = t0 + ( 2493 + 1,97 to ) x0
[3/tr96]
= 26 + ( 2493 + 1,97 26 ) 0,018 = 71,796 ( kJ/kg kkk)

+ Trng thi B: khng kh sau khi ra khi caloriphe i vo my sy
Sau khi qua caloriphe th hm m ca khng kh khng thay i ch thay i
nhit nn x1 = x0 = 0,018 (kg/kg kkk)
t1 = 160 0C => P1bh = 6,303 at
-
m tng i ca khng kh sau khi qua caloriphe
0 =
-
[2/tr313]
= 0,45%[3/tr75]
Hm nhit ca khng kh trc khi qua caloriphe:
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
I1 = t1 + (2493 + 1,97 t1) x1

= 160 + (2493 + 1,97 160) 0,018 = 210,548 (kJ/kg kkk)
+ Trng thi C : Khng kh sau khi sy
a) Xc nh nhit im sng
Khi tnh ton v sy cn phi bit nhit im sng t s v l gii hn lm ngui
khng kh m. Bit c ts khi chn nhit cui ca ca qu trnh sy ta khng ly gn
im ts trnh hin tng ngng t hi nc trn b mt vt liu.
Nhit ca khng kh sau khi sy khng c qu thp, nu khng s c hin tng
ng sng trn b mt vt liu, song khng c qu ln v lm cho sn phm khng t
yu cu v tn nhiu nng lng.
i vi qu trnh sy l thuyt, hm nhit ca khng kh khng thay i.
I1 = I2 = 210,548 kJ/kgkkk
4026,42
P2bh = exp (12 - 235,5 50 ) = 0,122 (bar) = 92,72 mmHg
Hm m ca tc nhn sy:
x2
I 2 t2
210,548 50
0,06 (kg/kg kkk)

2493 1,97 t 2 2493 1,97 50
m ca tc nhn sy:
2
x2 P
0,06 1,033
0,72 %
0,622 P2bh x 2 P2bh 0,622 0,122 0,058 0,122
Tnh nhit im sng Ts:

x2 0,622
Pbh
2 Pbh
P 2 Pbh
(vi 2 = 1)
x2 P
0,058 1,033
0,088
0,622 x 0,622 0,058
Da vo bng I.251, [2, tr 314], ta c:

t0s = 42,960C
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chn nhit khng kh sau khi sy sao cho t < 100C. y ta chn t2 = 500C
khi : t = t2 ts = 50 42,96 = 7,04
Vy chn nhit tc nhn sau khi sy l t2 = 500C l hp l.
-
m tng i ca khng kh sau khi sy
2 =
= 54%
Bng 5.1 Cc thng s ca khng kh

Trng
thi
Nhit
(0C)
X
(kg/kgkkk)
26
0,018
85
71,796
160
0,018
0,45
210,548
50
0,06
54
210,548
(%)
I
(kJ/kgkkk)
6.2. Lng khng kh kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy

L = l W1 (kg kkk/s)
[4/tr47]
Trong :
-
l: lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bay hi 1kg m (kg kkk/kg m)

W1: lng m bay hi ca qu trnh sy (kg m/s)
Lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bay hi 1kg m (lng khng kh
kh tiu hao ring)
l=
;(kg kkk/kg m bay hi)
[4/tr46]
Trong :
- x0, x2: l hm lng m ca khng kh trc v sau khi sy (kg m/kg kkk)
- l: Lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1 kg m,
Vi: x0 = 0,018 (kg/kg kkk)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
x2 = 0,06 (kg/kg kkk)

Ta c :
l=
= 23,81 (kg kkk/kg m bay hi)
Theo bng 4.3 ta c lng m thot ra trong 1 gi :

W1 = 932 (kg/h)
Lng m thot ra trong 1 giy:
W1 = 0,26 (kg/s)
Vy lng khng kh kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy:
L = l W1 = 23,81 0,26 = 6,2 (kg kkk/s)
6.3. Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng
Ta c cc thng s sau
Q : Nhit lng tiu hao chung cho qu trnh sy
Qs : Nhit lng si nng khng kh caloriphe, W
Qs = Q
I0, I1, I2 : Hm nhit ca khng kh trc khi vo caloriphe, sau khi ra ra khi
caloriphe v sau khi sy xong, J/kg kkk,
t0, t1, t2 : Nhit ca khng kh trc khi vo caloriphe, sau khi vo
caloriphe v sau khi sy xong, 0C.
tvl1, tvl2 : Nhit ca vt liu khi mang vo my sy v khi ra my sy, 0C
Cvl : Nhit dung ring ca vt liu sy, J/kg,
Cn : Nhit dung ring ca nc, J/kg,
Qm : Nhit mt mt trong qu trnh sy, W
W1 : Lng m thot ra khi qu trnh sy, kg/s
G1 : Lng vt liu vo my sy, kg/s
G2 : Lng vt liu ra khi my sy, kg/s
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
+ Nhit lng vo
-
Nhit do caloriphe si cung cp, Qs (W)

Nhit do khng kh m mang vo, L I0 (W)
Nhit do vt liu m mang vo
G1Cvltvl1 = G2Cvltvl1 + W1Cntvl
[4/47]
+ Nhit lng ra
-
Nhit do khng kh thi mang ra, LI2 (W)

Nhit do vt liu sy mang ra, G2Cvltvl1 (W)
Nhit do mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh, Qm (W)
T ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng

Qs + LI0 + G2Cvltvl1 + W1Cntvl = LI2 + G2Cvltvl2 + Qm
[4/tr47]
6.4. Nhit lng tiu hao chung cho qu trnh sy

T phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ta rt ra nhit lng tiu hao chung cho qu
trnh sy
Q = Qs = L(I2 I1) + G2Cvl(tvl2 tvl1) + Qm W1Cntvl1
= Qbh + Qvl + Qm Qw (W)
6.4.1. Nhit lng lm bay hi lng m
Qbh = L (I2 I0)
Vi: L = 6,2 (kgkkk/s)
I2 = 210,548 (kJ/kgkkk) = 210548 (J/kg kkk)
I0 = 71,796 (kJ/kg kkk) = 71796 (J/kg kkk)
=> Qbh = 6,2 (210548 71796) = 860262,4 (W) = 860,262 (kW)
6.4.2 Nhit lng un nng vt liu sy
Qvl = G2Cvl(tvl2 tvl1) (W)
Trong
-
G2 : Lng vt liu ra khi my sy, kg/s
Ta c lng vt liu ra khi my sy trong 1 ngy theo bng 4,3

M = 2,03 (tn/h)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Suy ra : G2 =
-
= 0,564 (kg/s)
Nhit dung ring ca tinh bt sn Ctv = 1,4 J/kg,

Nhit ca vt liu khi vo my sy tvl1 = 26 0C
Nhit ca vt liu khi ra khi my sy, Thng nhit nh hn nhit
khng kh ra khi my sy khong 5 0C
tvl2 = 50 5 = 45 0C
Nhit lng un nng vt liu sy

Qvl = G2Ctv(tvl2 tvl1) = 0,564 1,4 103 (45 26)
= 15002,4 W = 15 kW
6.4.3 Nhit lng mt mt ra mt trng xung quanh

Qm = K,F, ttb
(W)
Trong
K: H s truyn nhit ca thit b, K = 1,25 W/m2,
F: din tch xung quanh ca thp sy, m2
F = n. .D.h
Vi:
n: s lng thp sy, n = 1
D: ng knh thp sy, D = 0,75m
h: chiu cao thp sy, h = 30m
F = 3,14 1 0,75 30 = 70,65 (m2)
ttb =
= 68,68 0C
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
t1 = 160 26 = 134 0C
t2 = 50 26 = 24 0C
-
Nhit lng mt mt ra khi mi trng xung quanh

Qm = 1,25 70,65 68,68 = 6065,303 (W) = 6,06 (kW)
6.4.4 Nhit lng do m c trong vt liu mang vo

Qw = W1Cntvl1 (W)
Trong
W1: Lng m bay hi trong qu trnh sy, kg m/s
W1 = 0,26
(kg m/s)
Cn: Nhit dung ring ca nc 26 0C v p sut kh quyn

Cn = 0,99878 (kcal/kg,)
V 1kcal/kg, = 4,1868,103 J/kg, nn
Cn = 4181,692 (J/kg,)
tvl2: nhit vt liu vo my sy, 0C
tvl2 = 26 0C
-
Nhit lng do m c trong nguyn liu mang vo

Qw = W1Cntvl1
Qw = 0,26 4181,692 26 = 28268 W = 28,268 kW
Nhit lng tiu hao chung cho qu trnh sy

Q = Qbh + Qvl + Qm Qw =
= 860,262 + 15 + 6,06 28,268 = 853,054 (kW)
6.5 Nhit lng tiu hao ring lm bay hi 1kg m ca vt

liu
Ta c nhit lng tiu hao chung cho qu trnh sy
Q = 853,054 (kW) = 853054 (W) = 853054 (J/s)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Nhit lng tiu hao ring lm bay hi 1kg m ca vt liu
q=
= 3280977(J/kg m)
q = 32809,977 (kJ/kg m)
6.6 Lu lng khng kh qua my sy
Th tch khng kh m tnh theo 1kg khng kh kh c xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
vk =
(m3/kg kkk)
[8/tr87]
Trong :
R: Hng s kh, R = 287 J/kg 0K
T: Nhit ca kh sy, T = 160 + 273 = 433 0K
P : p sut chung ca hn hp khng kh m, N/m2
P = 745 mmHg = 745 133,32 = 99323,4 (N/m2)
Pbh :p sut ring phn ca i nc trong hn hp khng kh m bo ha hi
nc, N/m2
Khi sy c nhit 160 0C
x0 = x1 = 0,018 (kg m/kg kkk)
1 at = 0,9807 bar = 0,9807 105 (N/m2)
P1bh = 6,303 0,9807 105 = 618135,2 (N/m2)
vk =
-
= 1,287 (m3/kg kkk)
Lu lng khng kh qua my sy

Vk = vk L (m3/s)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Vi L = 6,2 (kg kkk/s)

Vk = 1,287 6,2 = 8 (m3/s)
Hay Vk = 8 3600 = 28800 (m3/h)
Chng 7:
TNH NHN LC V XY DNG CHO NH MY
7.1. T chc nh my
7.1.1. H thng t chc v qun l x nghip
BAN
GIM C
PHNG
PHNG
QUN L CHT
K THUT
TNG HP
LNG MI
SN XUT
PHNG
``
PHNG TI
CHNH - K
TON
TRNG
T C in
Ca Sn
Xut A
Ca Sn
SVTH:L TH TUYT
Xut BLINH
N TT NGHIP
Mi quan h qun l:
Mi quan h cht lng:
n v khng thuc H thng Qun l cht lng v ATTP:
n v thuc H thng Qun l cht lng v ATTP:
Ban gim c:
ng u l ban gim c l i din php nhn ca nh my chu trch nhim
trc tng gim c ca cng ty v php lut, l ngi c quyn hnh cao nht ca nh
my. Tip l ph gim c, l ngi c quyn hnh trong nh my, l ngi n c
qu trnh sn xut v gim st k thut ca dy chuyn sn xut.
-
Phng sn xut k thut:

L trung tm sn xut ca nh my.
C nhim v trin khai k hoch sn xut ca nh my ra.
m bo tin trnh sn xut, vn hnh ca h thng dy chuyn mt cch lin tc.

Lun c k hoch nng cp, bo dng, x l s c my mc trong qu trnh sn
xut.
-
Phng qun l cht lng v mi trng:

C nhim v kim tra cht lng sn phm, v sinh mi trng.
Kim tra xut cc bin php x l nc thi, v sinh mi trng.
C s phi hp gia cc b phn khc gii quyt khiu ni, thc mc v
cht lng sn phm ca nh my.

Phng ti chnh k ton:
L mt b phn kh quan trng cho s tn vong v li nhun ca nh my.
Thu nhp v x l s liu thng tin k ton.
Ghi chp y tt c nghip v pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca
nh my.
Phng tng hp:
- Thit lp k hoch u t theo chu k sn xut.
- Qun l nguyn liu, vt liu, cng c, dng c ban hnh ca nh my.
7.1.2. Nhu cu lao ng
7.1.2.1. Cng nhn trc tip sn xut
STT
Cng on
1 ca (ngi)
2 ca (ngi)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
STT
1
2
Np liu
Lm sch
Cht,mi sn
Tch b (trch ly)
Phn ly
Ly tm tch nc
Sy, lm ngui
Ry kim tra
ng bao
Trng ca
Tng
7.1.2.2 Cng nhn sn xut ph
Cng vic
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
17
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
4
6
2
34
1 ca
(ngi)
Thu hi b v l t du
Kh gas
Tng
2 ca (ngi)
5
1
10
2
12
7.1.2.3. Lao ng gin tip

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
STT
1
2
3
4
Phng
Ban gim c
Phng nng v
Phng t chc lao ng v tin lng
Phng hnh chnh
Phng bo v
Phng kinh doanh
Phng k thut
Phng KCS
Tng
7.1.2.4. Cng nhn ph tr, phc v
Cng vic
Sa cha
in
Bc vc
V sinh
1 ca (ngi)
2
2
4
2
S ngi
2
4
4
6
2
6
4
4
32
2 ca (ngi)
4
4
8
4
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
5
6
Th kho
Y t
Tng
1
1
12
2
2
24
Tng s cng nhn cn b trong nh my:

34 + 12+ 32 + 24 = 112 (ngi)
S cng nhn trong 1 ca ng nht:

17 + 6 + 26 + 12 = 61 (ngi)
7.2. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng cho nh my
Nh my sn xut tinh bt sn vi nng sut 40000 tn nguyn liu/nm. Nh my
thit k ti khu cng nghip Ph Bi m rng thuc huyn Hng Thy, tnh Tha Thin
Hu.
Vic b tr tng mt bng nh my nh hng rt ln n hot ng ca nh my, N
khng nhng gy nh hng n m quan, hiu qu kinh t, sn xut, m cn nh hng
n cht lng thnh phm, Vic thit k tng mt bng nh my cn m bo cc tiu
chun nht nh.
V vy nh xng, cc khu vc cn b tr sao cho cn i, hp l, gn gng, sch s,
p, t ch tiu hiu qu cao nht.
Nh hnh chnh, kho sn phm, khu nguyn liu c b tr gn nhau tin cho vic
trao i nguyn liu, sn phm cho nhau. ng thi cn thun li cho cc phng tin
vn chuyn.
Cc b phn sn xut c gy c hi, nhit, bi, th c b tr cui hng gi m
bo v sinh, c bit l h thng cung cp nhit cho khu sy.
Cng chnh ca nh my c b tr hp l, thun tin cho phng tin vn chuyn
vo v ra nh my. Phn xng sn xut c b tr sao cho m bo ng i dy
chuyn cng ngh l ngn nht.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
7.3. Tnh din tch xy dng cc cng trnh chnh

7.3.1. Phn xng sn xut chnh
Phn xng sn xut l b phn rt quan trng ca nh my phi b tr ph hp theo
vic thit k ca dy chuyn.
Sau khi thit k v lp t thit b ph hp vi dy chuyn sn xut p ng ng tiu
chun k thut th phn xng sn xut chnh c kch thc :
Din tch nh: 60 24 = 1440 (m2)
Phn xng sn xut chnh l nh mt tng chnh v mt tng lng cao 4m, nh cao
10,8m.
Kch thc phn xng sn xut chnh:
- Di rng cao = (60 24 10,8)m
- Tr c lm bng b tng ct thp, kch thc 400 400 mm.
- Kt cu mi dng khung thp, chiu cao mi h = 3m.
- Mi lp panel.
- dc ca mi L = 1/12.
Nn c dc 60 trn c lp xi mng trng m bo v sinh cho phn xng.
- Nn nh chu c tc dng c hc.
7.3.2. Sn cha nguyn liu
Bi cha nguyn liu phi p ng c khi lng sn nhp vo nh my, nguyn
liu s c nh my ch bin trong thi gian ngn nhm trnh s thay i ca cht
lng, nn bi cha c thit k gn khu nhp liu vo dy chuyn sn xut.
Cng thc tnh din tch cn thit : F
G T
g
(m2)
[9,tr65]
Trong : + G : Nng sut nh my Gmax = 141,3 tn ngyn liu/ngy.

+ T : Thi gian bo qun 2 ngy .
+ g :Tiu chun xp nguyn liu c = 0,2 tn/(m2 )
141,3 2 942 (m2)
0,3
Kch thc (DR): 42 x 24 (m)

Din tch sn cha nguyn liu : 30 20 = 600 (m2)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
7.3.3. Kho thnh phm

Ta c cng thc : Fp = G x fpx n (m2) [9,tr50]
Fp : Din tch cn thit cha sn phm (m2)
G: Lng sn phm cn cha trong 1 ngy (tn)
fp : Tiu chun cn thit bo qun 1 tn sn phm, (m2/tn)
chn fp = 2 m2/tn
n: S ngy bo qun, chn n = 10 ngy
Vy ta c:
Fp = 32,5 x 2 x 10 = 650 (m2)
Tng din tch kho thnh phm: F = Fp + Fp x K (m2)

F : Din tch kho thnh phm, (m2)
Fp : Din tch cn thit cha sn phm, (m2)
K: H s li i li, chn k = 0,35
Vy F = 650 + 650 x 0,35 = 880 (m2)
Kch thc (DRC) : 42 x 21 x 6 (m)
7.3.4 Tnh din tch xy dng nh hnh chnh v cc nh phc v sinh hot
* Nh hnh chnh
Nh hnh chnh l ni lm vic ca cn b lnh o nh my, cng nhn vin cc
phng ban bao gm:
Bng 6.3: Din tch cc phng lm vic
STT
Phng
Din tch
(m2/ngi)
S ngi
Din tch
phng (m2)
Phng gim c
12
12
Phng ph gim c
12
12
Phng t chc hnh chnh
24
Phng k hoch vt t
12
5
6
Phng k ton
Phng kinh doanh
4
4
3
6
12
24
Phng k thut
16
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
8
9
10
Phng hp
Phng tip khch
Nh v sinh
48
24
30
Tng cng
214
Vy nh hnh chnh xy dng kch thc: (DxRxC) : 30x20x10

* Phng KCS
Phng KCS c 4 nhn vin lm vic. Din tch tnh cho mi nhn vin l 6 m2. Vy
tng din tch phng l 24 m2 .Chn kch thc ca nh l: DxRxC: 6 x 4 x 4
* Nh n
Tnh cho 2/3 s cng nhn 1 ca ng nht.
Vi din tch tiu chun: 2,25 (m2/cng nhn) [9, tr56]
S lng cng nhn vin trong 1 ca ng nht : 61 ngi
Din tch nh n l: 2 x 61 x 2,25 = 91,5 (m2)
3
Vy nh n xy dng kch thc: (DxRxC) : 12 x 10 x 4

* Hi trng
S lng nhn vin: 96 ngi
Gi s chn tiu chun cho mi nhn vin l: 1,5 (m2/ngi)
Din tch cn: 96 x 1,5 = 144 (m2)
Vy hi trng xy dng vi kch thc: (DxRxC) : 18 x 10 x 4
* Nh xe
Nh xe dng cha xe my ca cng nhn vin nh my. Nh xe c tnh cho
1/2 s cng nhn cho mt ca ng nht.
Din tch c tnh cho 2 xe/m2:
1
61 1 = 15,25 (m2)
2
2
Vy thit k nh xe c kch thc (DxRxC): 10 x 4 x 4 (m).

* Gara t
Gara t cha: 2 xe xc nguyn liu
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
1 xe con cho ban gim c.

6 xe ch hng.
Gi s mi xe c din tch 20 m2 . Vy tng din tch cn thit
9 x 20 = 180 (m2)
Kch thc: Di x rng x cao: 18 x 10 x 4(m)
* Nh v sinh :
Chn s lng nh v sinh : n= 4 phng
Kch thc mi phng : 2 1,2 (m)
Kch thc chung ca nh v sinh: D x R x C: 8x1,2x4
Tng din tch : 9,6 (m2)
* Nh bo v
Nh bo v c xy dng gn cng chnh.
Kch thc : (DxRxC): 4 x 4 x 4 (m)
Chn 2 nh bo v.
7.3.5 Tnh din tch xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr
* Phn xng c kh
Nhim v : m bo sa cha ln, nh cc thit b my mc trong nh my, ng
thi gia cng ch to theo ci tin k thut, pht huy sng kin...
Chn s lng cng nhn trong phn xng c kh l 4 ngi, din tch phn
xng l 50 m2 [9,tr 55].
Kch thc (DxRxC): 10 x 5 x 4 (m)
* L t du
Chn kch thc (DxRxC): 6 x 6 x 5 (m)
* i nc
* Tnh b nc d tr
B nc d tr c t ngm di lng t.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Lng nc d tr bng 2 ln lng nc dng trong 1 ngy ( tnh ton chng

11): 566,578 x 2 = 1133,156 (m3/ngy) (ta coi nh khi lng ring ca nc l 1 tn/m3
)
Chn b ngm c kch thc 12 10 10 (m).
* Tnh i nc
Gi s i nc cha d tr 70% lng nc cn dng trong 1 ngy
Vy th tch ca i nc: 566,578 x 70% = 396,6 (m
Chn b cha hnh tr c kch thc (D H): 8 x 18 (m).
* Trm bin p v my pht in d phng
Dng t my bin p v my pht in d phng
Chn trm in kch thc nh (D x R xC): 4 x 3 x 4 (m)
Chn nh my pht in d phng (DxRxC): 12 x 6 x 4 (m)
* Hm biogas
Xy dng hm t ngm di lng t vi kch thc DxR: 48 x 24
Chiu su ca hm l 10 m
* H sinh hc
H sinh hc c kch thc: DxR: 48 x 30
Chiu su ca h l 3m
* B lc sinh hc
Chn b c kch thc (DxRxC): 12 x 8 x 4 (m)
* B lng ct
Chn b c kch thc (DxRxC): 18 x 8 x 6 (m)
* Trm bm
Trm bm c kch thc (DxRxC): 6 x 6 x 4 (m)
* Phng y t
Xy dng phng y t vi kch thc (DxRxC): 12 x 8 x 6 (m)
* Khu t m rng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Trong thc t do nng sut nh my c th tng nn vic quy hoch t ban u c

mt khu t m rng l ht sc cn thit. Ta chn khu t m rng chim 40% din tch
phn xng sn xut chnh. Vy din tch khu t m rng s l:
Fmr = 40% 1440 = 576 (m2).
Ta chn kch thc khu t m rng: 30 20 (m). Din tch khu t l 600 (m2).
Bng 7.1. Kch thc v din tch cc hang mc cng trnh

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Hng mc cng trnh

Phn xng sn xut chnh
Nh hnh chnh
Kho thnh phm
Sn cha nguyn liu
Hi trng
Nh xe
Nh bo v
Cn
Phng KCS
Nh n
Kho cha vt t
i nc
Trm bm
Nh pht in d phng
Trm bin p
B lng ct
Nh v sinh
Kch thc (m)

(D x R x C)
60 x 24 x 10,8
30 20 10
42 x 21 x 6
42 x 24
18 10 4
10 4 4
444
8 4 0,5
6 8 4
12 10 4
10 8 6
D = 8 ,H =18
66x4
12 6 4
434
18 8 x 6
8x64
S lng
Din tch (m2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1440
600
880
1008
180
40
32
32
48
120
80
50
36
72
12
144
48
18
Phng y t
12 x 8 x 6
96
19
Xng c kh
10 x 5 x 4
50
20
Gara t
18 x 10 x 4
180
21
Khu t m rng
35 x 15
525
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
36 x 24, Chiu
22
Hm bioga
23
Bung t du
su d = 10m
6x6x5
24
B nc d tr
12x10x10
25
B lc sinh hc
26
H sinh hc
12 x 8 x 4
30 x 20, Chiu
27
864
36
120
su d = 3m
Tng din tch xy dng nh my
96
600
7359
7.4. Tnh h s s dng [9, tr44]

Din tch khu t cn Fkd:
Fkd =
(m2)
Vi Kxd: h s xy dng,
i vi nh my thc phm th Kxd thng t 30 50%. Ta chn Kxd = 35%.
- Tng din tch xy dng
Fxd = 7359 m2.
Fkd =
100 = 21026 (m2).
Vy ta thit k nh my vi tng din tch l 11772 m2.

- Ksd:
Ksd =
(%)
Trong :
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Ksd: h s s dng, n nh gi ch tiu kinh t, k thut, k thut tng mt bng nh

my.
Fsd: din tch s dng t
Fsd = Fcx + Fgt + Fhl + Fxd + FB
Fcx: din tch trng cy xanh
Fcx = 0,05 21026 = 1051,3 m2.
Fhl: din tch hnh lang
Fhl = 0,05 21026 = 1051,3 m2.
Fgt: din tch ng giao thng, cng rnh
Fgt = 0,3 21026 = 6307,8 m2.
FB: din tch bi l thin, cha x, x l nc thi
FB = 0,35 21026 = 7359,1 m2.
Fsd = 1051,3 + 1051,3 + 6307,8 + 7359,1 = 15769,5 m2
Vy: Ksd =
= 0,75
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 8
V SINH X NGHIP, AN TON LAO NG V PHNG CHNG

CHY N
8.1. V sinh x nghip
V sinh nh my l mt trong nhng vn quan trng hng u i vi cc nh my

thc phm, V sinh x nghip c m bo th khng nh phn no cht lng ca nh
my, lm cho mi trng nh my c sch p, to cm gic an ton, tm l thoi mi
cho cng nhn lm vic, gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm v khng nh s ln
mnh ca thng hiu.
V sinh x nghip bao gm vn chiu sng, thng gi, v sinh cng nhn, v sinh
mi trng xung quanh nh my.
8.1.1. Vn chiu sng [4]
nh sng l vn quan trng qu trnh lm vic c hiu qu, c nng sut ,
chnh xc cao, m bo vn an ton lao ng ca nh my.
Cng chiu sng khc nhau th c tm nh hng khc nhau. Nu nh sng qu
mc s lm chi mt cng nhn gy nguy him, nh sng yu s hn ch kh nng lm
vic ca cng nhn.
Thit k c m bo nh sng cung cp cho c ngy ln m, to iu kin tt
cho qu trnh hot ng, vn hnh ca nh my, Ngoi ra cn c s kt hp hi ha gia
nh sng t nhin v nh sng nhn to nhm to tit kim nng lng cho nh my v
to iu kin tt cho qu trnh sn xut.
8.1.2. Vn thng gi
Vn thng gi cng l mt vn kh quan trng ca nh my, thng gi iu
ha nhit v m ca nh my. m bo nh my lun c mt nhit , m khng
c s chnh lch ln so vi cc ma.
Vn thng gi c tt th s m sc khe, kh nng lm vic ca cng nhn, s
thoi mi khi lm vic, hiu sut lm vic cao.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Phn xng c xy dng kn gi v ma ng, thong gi v ma h, cc khu vc

c nhit cao ( ch yu l h thng sy) th b tr thm qut gi h bt nhit , c
bit l vo ma h.
8.1.3 V sinh cng nhn
Sc khe ca cng nhn l yu t quan trng nh hng n nng sut v hiu qu
lm vic.
Cng nhn c nhn vo nh my phi m bo c sc khe tt, sc khng, sc
chu p lc cng vic cao, khng mc bnh truyn nhim, bnh ly lan qua ng h hp.
V iu quan trng l phi kim tra sc khe nh k cho cng nhn.
Tn dng c ti a vn ny th c th tit kim c nhn lc, vn kinh t,
m bo nng sut cho nh my.
8.1.4. V sinh mi trng xung quanh nh my
Nhm m bo vn thm m, hin i ca nh my th v sinh mi trng xung
quanh nh my khng th b qua.
Thc hin trng nhiu cy xanh nh my, dn dp rc thi to mi trng trong
lnh hn.
8.2. An ton lao ng
8.2.1. An ton lao ng
Trch nhim ca ngi lao ng nh my:
- Chp hnh cc quy nh, ni quy v an ton lao ng c lin quan n cng vic v
nhim v c giao.
- Phi s dng v bo qun cc phng tin c nhn c cung cp. Cc thit b an
ton v sinh nu lm mt hoc h hng th phi bi thng.
- Phi bo co kp thi vi cp trn khi pht hin nguy c gy ra tai nn lao ng,
bnh ngh nghip, gy c hi hoc s c nguy him. Tham gia cp cu v khc phc hu
qu tai nn lao ngkhi c lnh ca ngi s dng lao ng.
Cc nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn lao ng ca nh my l do:
- Thit b my mc b h hng, khng c b phn che chn.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- Bc v di chuyn hng khng ng cch.

- Cng nhn lm vic cha c kinh nghim v khng sc khe.
- Nhng s h khi lp rp, tho lp, sa cha thit b.
- Ngi lao ng khng tun theo ni quy ca nh my.
V vy trnh thng tch, nh hng n sc khe ca ngi lao ng th phi c
bin php bo h lao ng ng cch.
8.2.2. An ton in
Cu dao in:
- C hp bo v.
- c t v tr cao, rng ri, d nhn thy.
- Thc hin ng ngt in an ton.
Trm bin p:
- Phi xy dng tng ro bo v, che chn, khng ngi khng c phn s
t vo.
- Treo bng nhc nh in p cao nguy him cht ngi .
- m bo an ton tuyt i cho nh my.
- Dy in trong ton nh my c v bao bc cn thn, an ton, phng r r
lp bo v.
- ng c in c dy an nhm trnh h mch, t dy.
8.2.3 An ton thit b
Cc thit b c b tr cch nhau vi mt khong cch tng i rng,
Cc thit b c ch hot ng mnh, cng sut ln s c thit k vng chc nh
h thng ly tm tch nc, my cht, my mi,
cc v tr t thit b treo bng ni quy vn hnh, s c nhc nh cng nhn chp
hnh trit quy nh bo h lao ng,
8.2.4. An ton phng KCS
Phng KCS c xy dng mt phng ring trong phn xng sn xut.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
100GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA
c t gn ch cn v cng vo nh my thun li cho qu trnh ly mu

kim tra nguyn liu, gim thi gian i li.
Phng KCS c che chn cn thn, ca c lm bng knh, ngi khng phn s
cm vo nhm trnh nh hng n thng s kim tra ( m, trng, hm lng tinh
bt).
8.3. Phng chng chy n
Cng tc phng chng chy n l mt trong nhng vn quan trng nhm m bo
cho s tn vong nh my, bo v ti sn tnh mng cho cn b, cng nhn cho ton nh
my.
Nh my cn ch n cc h thng d chy n nh: h thng sy, h thng cung cp
nguyn liu, nhit lng, trm bin p.
B tr cc ngun d gy chy cui hng gi hn ch ti a chy n.
Trong nh my c lp cc dng c cha chy, m vo cho phng chy v cha chy
hiu qu.
Nh my thit k c lp t h thng dn nc tin hnh cha chy thun li,
ng nc cha chy c thit k di.
Cng nhn, nhn vin c hun luyn cch cha chy khi xy ra s c, Thng bo
v tuyn truyn ni quy phng chng chy n cho tt c cn b, cng nhn ca nh my.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 9
KIM TRA CHT LNG NGUYN LIU, BN THNH PHM

V THNH PHM
9.1. Xc nh hm lng tinh bt

Mu c ly sut trong qu trnh nhp hng v c ly ngu nhin t cc v tr khc
nhau ca l hng, mu phi l mu i din cho c l hang. Quy nh s mu kim tra ca
l hng: < 4000 kg: t 1 n 2 mu, > 4000kg: th ly 2 n 4 mu.
Phng php thc hin: Mi mu c khi lng l 5 kg, cc c sn c ct nh tng
on khong 5 7 cm, loi b phn ci cng phn u c v phn thi hng. Sau
dng cn xc nh khi lng, ta c kt qu. Ta ly kt qu ny i chiu vi bng
quy i t im t thnh im bt.
9.2. Xc nh hm lng tp cht
Sn cha nhiu tp cht s gy kh khn hn trong qu trnh lm sch, nh hng n
kinh t ca nh my.
Theo quy nh, lng tp cht c trong c sn chim khong 2 2,5 % khi lng.
Nu l hng cn t ct, ci nhiu s tnh thm phn tp cht: ly ngu nhin 3 v tr trong
l hng, khong cch gia cc v tr ly mu > 1 m. Khi lng mu 10 kg, tin hnh cht
gc, r, r t ct Ri cn lng cht xc nh t l %. Nu trng hp no vt qu 5
% s tin hnh lp bin bn theo mu.
H thi:
Khi sn nhp vo nh my, pht hin xe no c xut hin s thi hng th tin hnh
xc nh hm lng.
Phng php thc hin: Ly ngu nhin 3 v tr trong l hng, khong cch gia cc
v tr ly mu phi xa nhau, khi lng ly mu 20 30 kg, trn u sau ly khong 10
kg. Tin hnh loi b tp cht, sau dng dao cht ht phn h thi, ri cn xc
lng h thi:
- Khi hng c lng h thi nh hn 3 % th c cng vo tnh hm lng tp
cht.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- Khi hng c lng h thi ln hn 3 % th xc nh mc gi theo quy nh ca nh

my.
- Khi hng c lng h thi ln hn 16 % th hng ny s b loi b.
9.3. Nc cng ngh
9.3.1. o pH
Tin hnh o pH 4 ln/1 ca, kim tra vo gi u tin, cch nhau 2h/1 ln.
Ly nc mu cho vo cc thy tinh tin hnh kim tra.
-
Kim tra pH ca nc ti phng KCS v o c bng my o pH.

Nc t tiu chun l c pH t 6,0 n 8,5.
9.3.2. cng
Tin hnh 1 ln/ca, vo gi th 2 ca ca 1, cng tng cng c xc nh bng
tng hm lng Ca, Mg v c biu th bng mg CaCO3 c trong 1 lt nc. Ly nc
ti u vo ca dy chuyn sn xut, cho vo bnh tam gic 250 ml.
Nc mu kim tra: 50ml, Dung dch m amoni: 0,3ml (nh git).
Dung dch KOH 20 %: 0,2ml (1 git), Cho ln lt vo v lc u to thnh dung
dch mu hng vng. Chun bng dung dch EDTA 0,01 N t Buret nh xung, lc u
dn khi mu hng vng chuyn thnh mu xanh nht th ngng , c lng ml EDTA tiu
tn (n ml).
cng = n x 0,56 (0 dH)
Gii hn cho php: M 15 (0 dH), Kt qu ghi vo biu mu,
9.4. Kim tra dch sa bt
Thng xuyn kim tra cc ng ng n v cc thng cha sa bt, nu c dch
bo, m nha, cn bn th phi thng bo cho trng ca sn sn xut lm v sinh
ngay.
Dng Bome k o dch sa bt ti cc v tr vi mc gii hn nh sau:
-
Trch ly: Be = 5 7
Phn ly : Be = 7 14
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
mi ca 4 ln. Kt qu ghi vo biu mu.

9.5. o m ca bt t
Ta cng phi thng xuyn kim tra m ca bt m sau khi ly tm, tin hnh kim
tra 2 ln/ca.
Vic kim tra m c thc hin bng cn phn tch m.
m ti a cho php l 40%, nu ta kim tra thy m cao hn mc cho php th
phi tin hnh tng thi gian co bt cng on ly tm, gim m cn thit.Trnh
gy kh khn cho cng on sy.
9.6. Xc nh lng tinh bt cn st trong nc thi
Tin hnh 1 gi/1 ln ti cc van x ca cc my phn ly, dng my ly tm HETTICH
xc nh lng tinh bt cn st trong nc thi cng ngh, Gii hn cho php max
0,05% th tch, kt qu c ghi vo biu mu.
9.7. Kim tra thnh phm
* pH
Tin hnh 8 ln/ca, ly mu ti khu ng bao, dng my o pH tin hnh o,
Phng php thc hin: ta cn 25g tinh bt cho vo cc thy tinh, cho thm nc ct
vo cho 100 ml, tin hnh khuy u, o bng my o pH.
Gii hn pH ca thnh phm t 5 7.
Kt qu c ghi vo biu mu.
* trng
Tin hnh 16 ln/ca sn xut, 1 gi ta tin hnh kim tra 2 ln, v y l ch tiu cm
quan quan trng nn phi kim tra lin tc c phng n x l kp thi, trnh gy nh
hng nghim trng n cht lng ca sn phm,
Phng php thc hin: 1 ln kim tra ta ly 3 mu, sau khi kim tra ring l xong th
ly kt qu trung bnh, o trng ca thnh phm c thc hin bng my o trng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Minolta ti phng KCS bng cch dng th xc tinh bt a vo ng knh ca my sao

cho phn tinh bt che kn mt knh, sau n nt bit kt qu.
* m
m bo m ca thnh phm th ta phi kim tra lin tc, Tin hnh kim tra 16
ln/ca lm vic, 30 pht kim tra 1 ln. Khi pht hin ra m vt qu mc ti thiu cho
php th phi thng bo x l kp thi.
Phng php thc hin: dng cn phn tch m xc nh. Ta cn 1g tinh bt ri
cho vo a, tin hnh sy nhit 105 0C, cn s hin th m ca tinh bt thnh
phm.
Kt qu o c ghi vo biu mu,
* nht
Tin hnh kim tra 1 ln/ca, o theo n v cP,
Phng php tin hnh: ly mu bt thnh phm, dng my o nht xc nh,
Kt qu o c ghi vo biu mu.
* mn, x, tro
- mn: ta tin hnh ly mu 2 ln/ca sn xut, Ly 100g tinh bt cho vo sng ry
100 Mesh lc u cho n khi bt khng th lt sng, em cn khi lng bt cn li trn
sng ta c a (g). mn chnh l a (%), quy nh mn ln nht l 1%.
- X: ta tin hnh ly mu 2 ln/ca sn xut. Ly 100g tinh bt cho vo sng ry 200
Mesh, dng nc ra sch tinh bt, cht khng tan cn li trn sng, cho vo phu lc v
lc qua giy lc c sy kh 105 0C, ta cn c b (g).
X chnh l a b (%). Gii hn ti a cho php l 0,1 %.
* Quy trnh ng bao
Quy trnh ng bao l mt qu trnh rt quan trng, nu xy ra s c th c th nh
hng n cht lng ca sn phm. V vy ta tin hnh kim tra lin tc ti v tr ng
bao.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Ta b tr 1 cng nhn ng bao v 1 cng nhn kim tra qu trnh. Kim tra ng ch
may, nhn in, v sinh an ton thc phm ca bao b. Mi bao thnh phm phi c ng
du kim tra trc khi nhp theo quy nh.
* Xc nh hm lng tro ton phn ca tinh bt thnh phm
Tin hnh : Nung chn (bao gm c np chn) nhit 400 450 0C n trng
lng khng i, ngui trong bnh ht m, cn trn cn phn tch.
Cn 2g mu trong chn nung trn cn phn tch. a vo l nung nhit 150 0C
trong vng 1h, sau nng nhit l nung ln 500 0C trong vng 6 7h cho n khi tro c
mu trng.
Kt qu : hm lng tro ton phn c tnh theo cng thc :
Tro ton phn =
, 100%
Trong :
G: Khi lng chn nung (g)
G1: Khi lng chn nung v mu trc khi nung (g)
G2: Khi lng chn nung v sau hi nung (g)
* Lu mu v kim tra thnh phm trong kho
Mi ca sn xut ta cn ly 1 kg bt mu trong ca ng vo bao PE hn kn 2 lp. Ta
cn ghi li cc thng s sau:
- Trn nhn c ghi tn ngi i ca, ngy sn xut, ca sn xut.
- V tr ly mu.
- Ngy v gi ly mu.
- Ni phn tch.
- Cc ch tiu cn phn tch.
Tt c c ghi vo bin bn ly mu v phi gi li 1kg lm i chng sau ny.
Ngoi ra, khi l hng c xut bn th phi gi li 1 bao lu lm i chng sau ny.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Khi l hng xut bn hon tt th tc, hp ng m khng c khiu ni th s mu lu

s c ti ch hoc lm hng gii thiu sn phm. Thi gian lu mu ti a l 20 thng.
9.8. Tiu chun cht lng sn phm
* Ch tiu cm quan
Bt c mu trng ng n trng, khng mi, v l, khng ln tp cht.
Bao gi 2 lp, lp trong cng l bao PE, ngoi l bao PP.
* Ch tiu l ha
Bng 11.1. Tiu chun tinh bt thnh phm [28]
STT
Ch tiu
Mc cng b
m, (%)
13
nht, (cP)
2600
trng, (%)
95,7
Hm lng tinh bt thun khit sau khi sy kh, (%)
85
pH
57
Tp cht, (%)
0,05
Hm lng tro, (%)
0,10
Hm lng SO2, (ppm)
9,46
do, (BU)
600
10
Hm lng b, (%)
0,2
11
Hm lng kim loi nng, (%)
Khng c
12
Hm lng HCN, (mg/kg)
10
* Ch tiu vi sinh
- Vi sinh vt gy bnh: Khng c
- Cn trng gy hi: Khng c
Yu cu sn phm
- Bao b: Tinh bt khoai m c ng trong 2 lp bao kn, lp trong l polyetylen
- Khi lng: 25kg/50kg hoc theo yu cu ca khch hng
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- Bo qun: Sn phm phi c bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt v khng s

dng cht bo qun.
- Sn phm phi t ch tiu v cht lng.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Chng 10: TNH LNG NC CN DNG V H

THNG X L NC THI CA NH MY
10.1. Tnh nc
10.1.1. Nc dng cho sn xut
Bao gm nc cung cp cho my ra c, nc cho vo thit b mi, trch li th, nc
cho vo thit b mi v nc dng v sinh thit b:
Theo bng 4,3 ta c:
-
Lng nc dng ra c l: 339,68 tn/ngy

Lng nc cp cho my mi: 66,65 tn/ ngy
Lng nc cp cho thit b trch ly th: 195,728 tn/ ngy
Lng nc c tch ra my li tm c tn dng li a v my ra c l
35,48 tn/ ngy.
Lng nc dng cho sn xut l:

339,68 + 66,65 + 195,728 35,48 = 566,578 (tn/ngy)
Lng nc dng v sinh thit b ta gi s bang 5% lng nc sn xut.
Vy tng lng nc cn dng cho sn xut ca nh my l:
566,578 + 5% x 566,578 = 595 (tn/ngy)
10.1.2 Nc sinh hot
- Lng nc dng cho nh n c tnh cho 80% s cng nhn lao ng trn nh
my. Tiu chun : 30 lt/1ngy/1ngi
80% x 30 x 96 = 2160 (lt/ngy)
- Lng nc dng cho vic tm v v sinh tnh cho 70% cng nhn lao ng trn
nh my. Tiu chun : 60 lt/1ngy/1ngi
70% x 60 x 90 = 4032 (lt/ngy)
Vy tng lng nc dng trong sinh hot:
2160 + 4032 = 6192 (lt/ngy)
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
10.2.3.
Lng nc dng cho cu ha
Lng nc cu ha trong cng nghip quy nh t 5 40 lt/s. i vi nh my

sn xut tinh bt sn, mc v la khng ln nn chn mt vi cu ha, thi gian s
dng l 3h, lng nc cn l 7 lt/s.
Lng nc dng cha chy:
Lcc = 3 3600 7 = 75600 lt/h.
10.2. H thng x l nc thi ca nh my
10.2. 1
c trng ca nc thi tinh bt sn
Cc thnh phn hu c nh tinh bt, protein, xenluloza, pectin, ng c trong

nguyn liu c sn ti l nguyn nhn gy nhim cao cho cc dng nc thi ca nh
my sn xut tinh bt sn.
Nc thi sinh ra t dy chuyn sn xut tinh bt sn c cc thng s c trng:
pH thp, hm lng cht hu c v v c cao, th hin qua hm lng cht rn l lng
(SS), TSS rt cao, cc cht dinh dng cha cha N, P, cc ch s v nhu cu oxy sinh
hc (BOD), nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD), vi nng rt cao v trong thnh phn ca
v v li sn c cha Cyanua ( -CN) mt trong nhng cht c hi c kh nng gy ung
th.
Nc thi c sinh ra t cc cng on sn xut chnh sau y:
- T bi tp kt nguyn liu:
Nc thi do nc ma chy trn to ra, rt c do cht rn l lng cao
- T cng on bc v:
Bao gm: cht cung c, ra v la. Sau khi qua ro chn rc nc thi cn cha
nhiu cn ch yu l t, ct, cc tp cht c hc , hm lng cc cht hu c thp, pH
t bin ng ( trong khong 6,5 7,5 ).
- T cng on trch ly v ly b:
S nhim nc ch yu tp trung cng on ny.
Nc thi cha tinh bt, x mn, protein, cn khng tan, hp cht cyanua. Do cha
nhiu hp cht hu c nn nc thi c COD, BOD rt cao, cn rn l lng (SS) ln.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
- T cng on ly tm ly bt t:
Hn hp lng ( nc + bt ) sau khi phn ly lm sch c tch nh my ly tm,
lng nc tch ra cng on ny khng ng k.
10.2.2
X l nc thi [13]
Nc thi vo
B lng ct
Hm biogas
B lc sinh hc
H sinh hc
Ngun tip nhn
Hnh 3.2. S x l nc thi
Thuyt minh quy trnh:
B lng ct: C nhim v loi b ct, mnh kim loi, trong nguyn liu, trong
nc thi v sinh nh xng. Nc thi t cc khu vc sn xut theo mng li thot
nc ring chy vo b lng ct ca trm x l. Ti y ngi ta c lp song chn rc th
c lp t trc b lng ct loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln ra khi nc thi.
B lng ct gi li phn ln cc ht ct c kch thc ln hn 0,2mm bao gm
nhng ht ct ri v mt phn ct dnh trong lp v g, trnh nh hng n my bm v
thit b cc cng trnh sau. Trong nc thi ch bin tinh bt sn thng c hm lng
ct ng k, v vy trong cng ngh x l cn thit phi c b lng ct. Nc thi trc
khi n b iu ha s qua li chn rc tinh.
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Li chn rc tinh c nhim v loi b s cc si sn, lp vng bt ni v rc c

kch thc nh hn 10mm.
Hm biogas: L hm trung tm c chc nng lu gi ngun nc thi, to phn ng
sinh kh biogas. Hm s lu gi lng nc thi trong vng 50 ngy y l thi gian l
tng qu trnh phn ng sinh kh biogas din ra hon ton. Nc thi i vo hm
biogas cha cc cht hu c ha tan nh axit hu c, axit bo, ru, cc axit amin,
glycerin, H2Sdi hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt k kh v cc phn ng phn hy s
chuyn ha cc cht hu c to thnh CH4 (65 70%) v CO2 (20 30%). Khi sinh hc
sinh ra c my ht a v bung t lm nhin liu gia nhit cho du ti bung t
du.
B lc sinh hc: Nc thi sau khi c lu tr trong hm biogas sau 50 ngy th
c a qua b lc sinh hc.B lc ny c mt mng sinh hc hiu kh l mt h vi sinh
vt ty tin, ngoi cng ca mng l lp vi khun hiu kh, lp su bn trong mng l
cc vi khun k kh. Phn cui cng ca mng l cc ng vt nguyn sinh v mt s cc
vi khun khc. Vi sinh trong mng sinh hc s oxy ha cc cht hu c, s dng chng
lm ngun dinh dng v nng lng. Cht hu c c tch ra khi nc, cn khi
lng ca mng sinh hc tng ln. Mng vi sinh cht s c cun tri theo nc ra khi
b lc sinh hc ca b lc .
H sinh hc: Tip , nc thi s c dn n h sinh hc, phn CN nit,
photpho, BOD5, COD, SS cn li s c kh ti cc h sinh hc. Trong h sinh hc
c th cc loi rau bo, luc bnh hp th COD v cc cht gy nhim khc. Trong
h sinh hc cng tn ti 3 loi vi sinh vt: hiu kh, k kh, thiu kh.
Nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l t tiu chun QCVN 24:2009, loi B s thi
ra ngun tip nhn.
KT LUN
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut tinh bt sn, l mt ngnh cng nghip quan trng v c
trin vng pht trin nc ta hin nay . V vy thit k nh my tinh bt sn t ti tnh
Tha Thin Hu l iu kin cn thit v n gii quyt cng n vic lm, tng thu nhp
cho ngi dn, gp phn pht trin kinh t cho a phng ni ring v cho t nc ni
chung.
Sau mt thi gian thit k, tnh ton di d hng dn tn tnh ca gio vin hng
dn ti hon thnh n tt nghip vi ti l Thit k nh my sn xut tinh bt
sn nng sut 40000 tn nguyn liu /nm.
Qu trnh lm n gip ti cng c li kin thc hc, ng thi tip thu thm
c nhng kin thc mi, tuy nhin do kin thc bn thn cn hn ch, thiu kinh
nghim thc tin, nn bn n chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong s
ng gp kin v thng cm ca cc thy c.
Nng, ngy thng nm 2014
Sinh vin thc hin
L Th Tuyt Linh
TI LIU THAM KHO

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
Ting Vit
[1]. Nguyn Bin. Cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm tp
3. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v L thut, 2001.
[2]. Nguyn Bin, Vn i, Trn Xoa, Long Thanh Hng, inh Vn Hunh,
Nguyn Trng Khung. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut H Ni, 2005.
[3]. Nguyn Bin, Vn i, Trn Xoa, Long Thanh Hng, inh Vn Hunh,
Nguyn Trng Khung. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut H Ni, 2005.
[4] V Duy C. Quy hoch khu cng nghip, thit k mt bng tng th nh my, nh
v cng trnh cng nghip. Nh xut bn xy dng, 2003.
[5]. Bi c Li, Le Hng Khanh, Mai Vn L, L Th Kim Cc, Hong Th Ngc
Chu, L Ngc T, Lng Hng H. K thut ch bin lng thc. Nh xut bn Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni, 2009.
[6]. Phm L Hon. Bi ging cy sn. Trng i hc Nng lm Hu, 2008.
[7]. Trn Xun Ph. Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy. Nh xut bn Gio dc, 2001.
[8]. L Ngc Trung, Bi ging qu trnh v thit b truyn cht, Trng i hc Bch
Khoa i hc Nng.
[9]. Trn Th Truyn, C s thit k nh my, Nng, 2006.
Website]
[10]. http://iasvn.org/chuyen-muc/Dac-tinh-thuc-vat-hoc-cua-San-4375.html
[11]. http://www.hoaphu.vn/?mode=news&id72
[12].http://www.Thuathienhue.gov.vn/portal_ge/View/LevDetail.aspx ?
OneID=2&TwoID=76&ThreeID=729
[13]. http://www.moitruongnhietdoi.vn/tu-van-a-quan-trac-moi-truong-/322-xu-lynuoc-thai-san-xuat-tinh-bot-san.html
[14]. http://iasvn.org/chuyen-muc/San-xuat-San-tren-the-gioi-&-Viet-Nam-4373.html
[15].www.vietlinh.vn/library.news/2013/agriculture_plantation_news_show_2013.sap
?ID=11961
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
[16]. http://hueuni.edu.vn/portal/data/doc/tapchi/273.pdf
[17]. http://www.mascus.vn/x%C3%A2y-d%E1%BB%B1ng/th%C3%B9ng-ch
%E1%BB%A9a-v%C3%A0-ph%E1%BB%85u-n%E1%BA%A1p-li%E1%BB
%87u/other-excel-machinery-3617/noqhpquk.html
[18].http://www.techmartvietnam.vn/Default.aspx?
tabid=280&action=detail&productid=34048
[19]. http://voer.edu.vn/m/may-rua-nguyen-lieu/9e49dd98
[20]. http://www.techmartvietnam.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=280&language=enUS&action=detail&productid=31482
[21].http://www.techmartvietnam.vn/Default.aspx?
tabid=280&action=detail&productid=31483
[22]. http://voer.edu.vn/c/may-ly-tam-phan-ly/d91995fe/614faf6b
[23]. http://tinhbotsan.vn/san-pham/vn_May-ly-tam-tach-mu---Separator-88.html
[24]. http://maysay.vn/shops/May-say-thap/
[25]. http://rongbay.com/TP-HCM/May-sang-loc-bot-may-ray-bot-mi-may-ray-botgao-may-sang-rung-bot-kho-2-tang-c280-raovat-20463437.html
[26]. http://cansaoviet.com/vi/pr240/Can-dong-bao-can-dong-goi-tu-dong/Can-dongbao-can-dong-goi-tu-dong/Can-dong-bao-4-pheu-PM06.aspx
[27]. http://bomvietnhat.com/sanpham/bom-thuc-pham/bom-thuc-pham-ly-tam-seriescsa.html
[28] http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/LS-series-Conveying-Screw-ForTransporting_549033038.html
[29] http://www.khungbangtai.com/bang-tai-cao-su.html
[30] http://lamico.com.vn/cms/vi/product/index/cat_id/13
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH
N TT NGHIP
SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

Đồ Án Tốt Nghiệp

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Đồ Án Tốt Nghiệp

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N TT NGHIP

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

LP LUN KINH T - K THUT

1.1 S cn thit phi u t

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Nguyn liu cho nh my l c sn ti nn rt d dng cho vic thu mua, c bit

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Sau dy chuyn cng ngh, ngoi sn phm tinh bt sn ra th cn c b sn, ph

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th sn Vit Nam [14].

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

c im ca cy sn, cu to v thnh phn ha hc ca c sn.

Cy sn hay cn gi l cy khoai m l cy lng thc a m nn c trng nhiu

Sn ngt: gm tt c cc loi sn c hm lng cyanhydric thp, loi sn ny c

Hin nay, loi sn ang trng ch yu l loi sn ng v cc ging sn ny cho nng

Hnh 2.1 Cu to ca c sn [10]

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Hnh 2.2 Cu to mt ct ngang ca c sn [10]

Dy hn v g, chim khong 8 15% trng lng c.

cht cha Nit v dch bo (nha) c nh hng ti mu ca tinh bt khi ch bin.

Gm cc t bo nh m: v t bo l cellulose, pentozan; bn trong l ht tinh bt,

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

lng tinh bt trong tht c gim dn t phn tht c st v n li.

Ngoi cc lp t bo nh m cn c cc t bo thnh cng khng cha tinh bt

Thng tm dc sut t cung ti ui c, cung to nht ri nh dn ti ui

Chim 0,3% - 1% trng lng ton c, c thnh phn ch yu l cellulose v

Sn c li ln v nhiu x s nh hng n hiu sut v nng sut nghin khi ch

Ngoi cc thnh phn trn, c sn cn cung v r ui. Cc thnh phn ny c cu

Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn.

Thnh phn ha hc ca c sn dao ng trong mt khong kh rng, ph thuc vo:

Trong c sn , hm lng cc axit amin khng c cn i, tha arginin nhng li

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

x v mt s vitamin B1, B2.

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

10 GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Tinh bt sn khng c mi nn rt thun tin khi s dng chng cng vi cc thnh

phn c mi trong thc phm.

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

11 GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

ng trong c sn ch yu l glucoza v mt t maltoza, saccaroza. Sn cng

gi th hm lng ng cng gim.

cng t nh hng ti quy trnh cng ngh.

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

Hm lng (mg/100g protid)

12 GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA

Linamarin c cng thc phn t C10H17O6N.

Lotaustralin c cng thc phn t l C11H9O6N :

THIT K NH MY SN XUT TINH BT SN

SVTH:L TH TUYT LINH

13 GVHD:Th.S NGUYN TH L THOA