Formula PDF

Dear Friends,
These formulae are useful for every competitive exam based on aptitude. For any
clarification and help you can contact me at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
With Regards
Amit Garg
amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
Utility of These Formulae
Basic formulae for CSAT which are very common in use.
Handy during exam days
Diversified applicability
Minimum effort maximum output in limited time
Save Calculation time hence improve speed
No need to refer too many books for formulae.
Number System
Divisibility
a.) By 2:
unit digit is even
0, 2, 4, 6, 8
b.) By 4: Last two digits should be divisible by 4.
c.) By 8: Last three digit should be divisible by 8
d.) By 5: unit digit should be either 0 or 5.
e.) By 3: Sum of digits should be multiple of 3.
f.) By 9: sums of the digits should be multiple of 9.
g.) By 11: difference of sum of odd and even digits should be either 0 or multiple of 11.
h.) By 6: divisibility by both 3 and 2.
i.) By 12: divisibility by both 4 and 3.
j.) By 14: divisibility by both 2 and 7.
k.) By 21: divisibility by both 3 and 7.
l.) By 15: divisibility by both 3 and 5.
m.) By 18: even number divisible by 9.
Factorials
Table
Factorials
1!
2!
Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com
3!
20
4!
120
5!
720
6!
5040
7!
40320
8!
362880
9!
10
3628800
10!
Factorial Values will help in calculation for permutation and combination

chapter also.
Factors
N=pa. qb. rc
e.g. 60=
2 3 5
p,q, r are the prime no., a,b,c are the respective power
Sum of the Factors =
p a+1 1 qb+1 1
x

p 1
q 1
No of a factors = (a+1) (b+1) (c+1)

Relative co-prime N = N( 1
Product of factors: - = N
1
1
)( 1 )
p
q
(a + 1 )(b +1 )(c +1 )
2
Surds
1. a x a = a
2. a x b = ab
3. =
(
5. (
6. (
4.
)
b ) = a + b 2 ab
b )( a b ) = a b
2
a + b = a + b + 2 ab
a
a+
Square : remembering these value will help in saving calculation time.

Number with Power (N2)
Square
112
122
132
142
152
162
172
182
192
202
212
222
232
242
252
262
272
282
292
302
312
322
121
144
169
196
225
256
289
324
361
400
441
484
529
576
625
676
729
784
841
900
961
1024
Cube of number 1 to 20 table

Number with Power N3
13
23
33
43
53
63
73
83
93
103
113
123
133
143
153
Cube
1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
729
1000
1331
1728
2197
2744
3375
163
173
183
193
203
4096
4913
5832
6859
8000
Value of A
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
210
211
Power results
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
1024
2048
Square root of number

Number with under root sign
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
after the square root
1
1.414
1.732
2
2.236
4.449
2.646
2.828
3
3.162
Number with cube root sign
after the cube root
31
32
1.260
33
1.442
4
5
1.587
36
1.817
37
1.913
38
39
2.080
3 10
2.154
Numbers
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Power
3
9
27
81
243
729
2187
41
42
43
44
45
4
16
64
256
1024
51
52
53
54
55
5
25
125
625
3125
61
62
63
64
6
36
216
1296
1.710
71
72
73
74
7
49
343
2401
81
82
83
84
8
64
512
4096
91
92
93
94
9
81
729
6561
Squares
(1.) 25-50
e. g. 37 50-13
=Base 25-13/ 132
= 12/ 169
1 Carry forward
=1369
(2.) 50-75
e. g. 69
50+19
=25+19/ 192
=44/ 361
3 Carry forward
4761
(3.) 75-100
e. g. 87
=100-13
=87-13/132
=74/169
1 Carry forward
7569
(4.) 100-125
e. g. 112
=100+12
=112+12/122
=124/144
1 Carry forward
12544
Cube
e. g. 153
Step 1.
13/ 12*5 /
11*52 /
53
Step 2.
25
125
+10
+50
15
75
Step 3.
Step 4.
Step. 5.
12 Carry forward
1
15
75+12=87
8 Carry forward
Step 6.
125
3375
e. g. 28
Step 1.
22*8
2*82
Step 2.
4*8
2*64
512
Step 3.
32
128
512
+64
+256
96
384
Step 4.
512
51 carry forward
Step 5.
96
384+51
43 Carry forward
Step 6.
96
435
= 21952
Square root
Number with Power (N2)
Square
12
22
32
42
52
62
72
82
92
102
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
Observations
# Square of any number can't end with unit digit 2, 3, 7, and 8.

# Sum of the digits of the square of any number is 1, 4,7,9
Mean
digit 1/4/9/7 always.
Unit digit of
unit digit
of x
1
9
2
8
3
7
4
6
1
4
9
6
5
0
5
0
e. g. If we have to find out 1681

Unit digit 1
So unit digit of x is either 1 or 9
And 402 = 1600, 502 =2500
So answer can be 41 or 49
But 452 = 2025
So answer is 412 = 1681
To find cube root, square root by observing unit digit

N3
1
8
27
64
125
216
343
512
729
1000
Observe bold digit
N2
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
N1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
e. g. 6859
Unit digit is 9 so unit digit of 3 x will be 9 if 6859 is perfect cube.
10 = 1000
20 = 8000

So 6859 = 19
Arithmetical Progression
T n= a + (n-1) d
To find nth term.
T n=nth term
a= 1st Term
n - total number of term
d= common difference
How many 3 digit numbers are divisible by 6 in all?
Ans 150

+1
n=

n = number of term
Sn=
n
(a + l)
2
S n = Sum of n term
A = 1st term
L= last term
Sn=
n
[2a + (n 1 )d ]
2
Geometrical Progression G. P.
T n = arn-1
T n = nth term
a=
1st term
r= Common ratio
Sn=
a(r n 1 )
for r>1 and r 1
( 1 r)
Sn=
a( 1 r n )
for r<1 and r 1
1 r
If L denoted the last term then for r>1

lr a
S n = r 1
Sum of a G. P. up to infinity
a
S = 1 r for IrI <1
Arithmetic Equation
(1.) a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b 2 )
(2.) a 3 b 3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
(3.) a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)3 3ab(a + b)
(4.) a 3 b 3 = (a b)3 + 3ab(a b)
(5.) (a b)2 = (a + b)2 4ab
(6.) (a + b)2 = (a b)2 + 4ab
(7.) (a + b + c)3 = a 3 + b 3 + c 3 + 3(b + c)(c + a)(a + b)
3
If a+b+c=0 then the value of a +b +c

(8.) (a+b+c)2 = a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)
is 3abc
Even/Odd
Odd + Odd
=
Even
Odd + even
=
odd
Even + even
=
even
Odd odd
=
even
Odd even
=
odd
Even even
=
even
Odd * odd
=
odd
Odd * even
=
even
Even * even
=
even
Odd Odd
=
odd/fraction
=
even/odd
Even even
e.g. If a and b are odd numbers, then which of the following is even?
(a) a+b*
(b) a+b+1
(c) ab
(d) ab + 2
Counting principle: n(n +1)
2
1.
Sum of all the first n natural number=
2.
3.
Sum of 1st n odd number is= n2

Sum of 1st n even number is= n (n+1)
4.
Sum of square of 1st n natural number=
n(n + 1 )( 2n + 1 )
6
2
5.
6.
n(n + 1 )
Sum of cubes of 1 n natural number=
2
Sum of odd numbers <= n where n is a natural number
st
[ ]
Case B: if n is even-- [ ]
n+ 1
Case A: if n is odd-
2
n
2
7.
Sum of even number <=n where n is a natural number
n n
Case A: if n is odd- + 1
2 2
(n 1) (n + 1)
Case B: if n is even-
2 2
e.g, Sum of the 1st 45 natural no. is?
Ans 1035
112=121
1012=10201
1112=12321
1212=14641
10012=1002001
101012=102030201
1,00,000 = 316.227
1000 = 31.6227
10 = 3.16
Represent the Table of N natural number

1-10
11-20
21-30
31-40
41-50
51-60
61-70
71-80
81-90
91-100
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
55
155
255
355
455
555
655
755
855
955
210
465
820
1275
1830
2485
3240
4095
5050
Percentage
Percentage
Fraction
Decimal
This table is useful for Percentage, Profit and Loss, Partnership and Data Interpretation.
1
= 100%
1
2
= 200%
1
1
= 50%= . 5
2
3
= 300%
1
2
3
= 100%= 1
= 150%= 1 . 5
2
2
1
2
3
4
= 33. 33%= .33
= 66 .66%= . 66
= 100%= 1
= 133. 33%= 1. 33
3
3
3
3
1
2
3
4
= 25%= . 25
= 50%= . 5
= 75%= . 75
= 100%= 1
4
4
4
4
5
= 125%= 1 . 25
4
1
2
3
4
5
= 20%= .20
= 40%= . 40
= 60%= .60
= 80%= .80
= 100%= 1.0
5
5
5
5
5
1
2
3
4
= 16.66%= .166
= 33.33%= .33
= 50%= .5
= 66.66%= . 66
6
6
6
6
5
= 83.33%= . 83 -6
1
2
3
= 14.28%= .142
= 28.56%= .285
= 42.85%= . 428
7
7
7
4
= 54.14%
7
5
= 71.42%
7
6
= 85.71% -7
2
1
= 12.5%. = 125 8 = 25%
8
3
= 37.5%
8
4
= 50%
8
5
= 62.5%
8
6
= 75%
8
7
= 87.5% --8
1
= 11.11%
9
7
= 77.77%
9
2
3
= 22.22%
= 33.33%
9
9
8
= 88.88% ---9
4
= 44.44%
9
5
= 55.55%
9
4
= 36.36%
11
6
= 66.66%
9
1
= 09.09%
11
6
= 54.54%
11
2
3
= 18.18%
= 27.27%
11
11
7
= 63.63% -----11
1
= 08.33%
12
2
= 16.66%
12
3
= 25%
12
1
= 07.07%
13
2
= 14.14%
13
3
= 21.21% -------------------------------------13
1
= 07.14%
14
2
= 14.28%
14
3
= 21.21%
14
1
= 06.67%
15
2
= 13.33%
15
3
= 20% ----------------------------------------15
4
= 33.33%
12
5
= 45.45%
11
5
= 41.66% --------12
4
= 28.56% -------------------14
1
= 06.25% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------16
1
= 05.88% ---------------------------------------------------------------------------17
1
= 05.05% -------------------------------------------------------------------------19
1
= 5% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------20
1
= 04.95% ----------------------------------------------------------------------21
1
= 4% -------------------------------------------------25
1
= 3.33% ----------------------------------------------30
1
= 2.5% ------------------------------------------------------40
1
= 01.66% -------------------------------------------------------60
Reasoning
Logical Venn Diagrams
T-1. Doctor, Engineers, Lawyers
T-2. Seconds, minutes, Hours
T-3. Table, chair, furniture
T-4. Males, Father, Brother
T-5. Dogs, Pets, Cats
T-6. Clerks, Govt. Employee, Educated person
T-7. Engineers, Human
being, Rats
T-8. Females, Mothers, Doctors
T-9. Males, Father,
Children
Alphabetical Numerical series

Alpha
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
Numeric
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Mirror Image
AHIMOTUVWXY
Small Letter i, l, o, v, w, x
Water image
CDEHIKOX
Small letter c, i, o
Common HIOX
Water image special care W

Ranking
ABCDEFGHIJKLM
From Starting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
And last
ZYXWVUTSRQPON
Blood Relationship
Grandfather/Grand Parents
Mother-in-low
Father-in-low
Mother/Father
Cousin
Son-in-low
Daughter-in-low
Son/Daughter
Uncle
Aunt
Brother/Sister
Nephew
Niece
Grand Children
Same level relationship: - brother/sister/cousin

Brother-in-low/sister-in-low/Husband/Wife
One level above relationship: - Mother-in-low/Father-in-low
Mother/Father/Uncle/Aunt
One level below relationship: - Son-in-low/Son/Nephew
Daughter-in-low/daughter/Niece
Cutting of Cube
Distribution of Cut
X axis
6
1
2
3
1
1
2
y-axis
0
5
4
3
1
2
2
z-axis
0
0
0
0
4
3
2
No. Of price
7
12
15
16
20
24
27
2. Coloring of Cube
3 faces
colored
2 faces
colored
1 faces
colored
No faces
colored
27 (3)3
Small
cube
8 factors
64 (4)3
Small
Cube
8
125 (5)3
Small
cube
8
216 (6)3
Small
cube
8
343 (7)3
Small
cube
8
512 (8)3
Small
cube
8
1000 (10)3
Small
cube
8
(3-2)*12
Edges
(3-2)2*6
Faces
(3-2)3
(4-2)*12
(5-2)*12
(6-2)*12
(7-2)*12
(8-2)*12
(10-2)*12
(4-2)2*6
(5-2)2*6
(6-2)2*6
(7-2)2*6
(8-2)2*6
(10-2)2*6
(4-2)3
(5-2)3
(6-2)3
(7-2)3
(8-2)3
(10-2)3
Two dices Events
Sum of the numberof two dices
No of Events
1, 1
{1, 2}, {2, 1}
{1, 3}, {3, 1}, {2, 2}
{1, 4} {4, 1} {2, 3}. {3, 2}
{1, 5} {5, 1} {4, 2} {2, 4} {3, 3}
{1, 6} {6, 1} {2, 5} {5, 2} {4, 3} {3, 4}
12
6, 6
11
{6, 5} {5, 6}
10
{6, 4} {4, 6} {5, 5}
{6, 3} {3, 6} {5, 4} {4, 5}
{6, 2} {2, 6} {5, 3} {3, 5}{4, 4}
Calendar
Odd day
Non leap Year 365/7=52week+ one odd day
Leap Year 366/7= 52 weeks + 2 odd day
31 day Months
January
Short form JMMJAOD
March
May
July
August
October
December
3.
100 years - 5 odd days

200 years 3 odd days
300 years - 1 odd day
400 years 0 day
4. Century Non-Leap year
100
200
300
500
600
700
900
1000
1100 and so on
5. Century Leap year

400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400 and so on
Month
Leap year Odd day
Non Leap year odd day
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Following table will help in Time speed distance , Trains and pie charts
Percentage
Km/hr income of speed
m/s
2.5%
90/9km/hr
2.5m/s
5%
18
5m/s
7.5%
27
7.5m/s
10%
36
10m/s
12.5%
45
12.5m/s
15%
54
15m/s
17.5%
63
17.5m/s
20%
72
20m/s
22.5%
81
22.5m/s
25%
90
25m/s
27.5%
99
27.5m/s
30%
108
30m/s
Simple Interest
I=
p r t
100
P=
100 I
r t
R=
100 I
p t
T=
100 I
pr
Compound Interest
I.
Case I Annually
II.
A= p 1+
100
Case II: - Compound Interest half-yearly
III.
A= p 1 +
200
Case III: - Compound Interest Quarterly
2t
A= p 1+
400
IV.
4t
Case IV
r1 rate for 1st year
r2 rate for 2nd year
r3 rate for 3rd year
r
r
r
A= p 1+ 1 1+ 2 1+ 3
100 100 100
Multiple of Amount in 2x, 3x and 4x years under compound Interest

Time / year
Amount
Amount
Amount
Amount
X
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
2x
4 times
9 times
16 times
25 times
V.
3x
4x
VI
nine fold in 2 yrs.
9x= x(1+
3=
8 times
16 times
27 times
81 times
64 times
256 times
125 times
625 times\
At what rate % Compound Interest does a sum of money becomes

)2
(1+ )

r/ 100=
r
2
200 %

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Dear Friends,

unit digit is even

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Factorial Values will help in calculation for permutation and combination

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Sum of the Factors =

No of a factors = (a+1) (b+1) (c+1)

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Square : remembering these value will help in saving calculation time.

Cube of number 1 to 20 table

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Square root of number

after the square root

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Number with cube root sign

after the cube root

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Number with Power (N2)

# Square of any number can't end with unit digit 2, 3, 7, and 8.

digit 1/4/9/7 always.

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

e. g. If we have to find out 1681

To find cube root, square root by observing unit digit

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

If L denoted the last term then for r>1

S = 1 r for IrI <1

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

If a+b+c=0 then the value of a +b +c

Sum of all the first n natural number=

Sum of 1st n odd number is= n2

Sum of square of 1st n natural number=

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Sum of even number <=n where n is a natural number

Represent the Table of N natural number

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

T-1. Doctor, Engineers, Lawyers

T-2. Seconds, minutes, Hours

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

T-3. Table, chair, furniture

T-4. Males, Father, Brother

T-5. Dogs, Pets, Cats

T-6. Clerks, Govt. Employee, Educated person

T-7. Engineers, Human

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

T-8. Females, Mothers, Doctors

T-9. Males, Father,

Alphabetical Numerical series

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Water image special care W

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Same level relationship: - brother/sister/cousin

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Courtesy: Amit Garg, For clarification mail him at amitgarg.maths@gmail.com

Two dices Events

Sum of the numberof two dices

{1, 2}, {2, 1}