Gaurav Dhingra

Nami Patni
Yash Nandkeolyar
Nupur Suri
Shubham Sharma
Abhishek Prakash

What is Green Management?

Green Management is an approach of management that actively incorporates
environmental management, such as the development of personnel responsible
for environmental activities, environmental management systems, and
environmental communication as well as conservation of biodiversity, and
integrates it with the short term operation and the long term vision of the
organization.
Green management is of paramount importance in todays world. It is the
responsibility of business organizations to help steer the planet into a better
direction. Revenue and profit are no longer the only goals of an organization. The
21st century organization needs to follow the triple bottom line concept, a term
coined by John Elkington in 1994. This is where profit is measured not only in the
light of the economic bottom line but also in terms of the social and the
environmental bottom lines.

Economic

Social

Environmental

Most importantly, green management is a continuous process, whereby

organizations proactively factor in the environment in their operations. This
way, protecting the environment is not an external issue that the
organization attempts to improve, but is instead an integral part of the
functioning of the organization.
In general, a green business is one that strives to match the following
criteria.

It incorporates the concept of environmental sustainability into each of

its business decisions

It supplies environmentally friendly products, or strives to make its

products and services as environmentally friendly as possible

It is greener than its traditional competition
It has made an enduring commitment to environmental principles in its
business operations

Business, environment and society need to work together in order to create a

sustainable future. As more companies start recognizing sustainability as an
important strategic issue, developing strategic plans to incorporate green
management becomes a significant mission for companies to preserve their
competitiveness.
Executives and decision makers in business organizations face difficult choices
with respect to sustainability. The question on their minds is whether it is
possible to sustain economic growth while actively pursuing environmental goals.
Over the last two decades, awareness of corporate green sustainability has
increased significantly in many business organizations and enterprises. Green
management and corporate responsibility have increasingly become important
strategic issues for companies in most geographies and industries. Leading
manufacturers in Asia, Europe and USA have started to emphasize
sustainability and green in their internal business processes and in their
communication to external stakeholders and investors.

Why Green Management?

Issues like pollution, depletion of natural resources, global warming and
deforestation cannot be addressed by governments or independent
environmental organizations alone. The onus lies on the entire society to actively
safeguard the future of the planet. Business organizations have the biggest part
to play in this. If businesses can incorporate sustainability in every decision they
make, it is a straight path towards a cleaner, greener future.
Green management is not just a social responsibility, but can also improve
profits. When an organization consumes less fuel, wastes less water or plants
more trees in its workplaces, it benefits itself. If there is a conscious effort to
manufacture a product using cleaner and more sustainable, it makes the
business that much more sustainable for the future. The same goes with natural

resources. The more carefully an organization uses its natural resources, the
longer the natural resources will remain, benefitting the company in the long run.
The key word to note here is long run. Short-termism is the bane of
environmental sustainability. A true step in the direction of a sustainable future is
to invest time, money and energy into long term solutions to environmental
issues. Businesses should strive to revamp processes to make them greener,
come up with greener technology, and drastically change the mindset of their
employees, customers and other people in their sphere of influence. This cannot
happen overnight. Hence, even if there is awareness about why green
management is required, it is also important to note that green management
cannot lead to instant results. The initiatives can be short term or long term, but
more often than not, it will take time for meaningful results to manifest
themselves in the form of environmental change or even economic profit.

Green Management Matrix

Green management encompasses green initiatives that a company must take
internally and externally. Also, these green initiatives can be subdivided into
short term and long term. By combining these into a matrix we get the full range
of what a company needs to do to become greener in its functioning. It can also
help us to categorize the steps that the company has taken and help understand
if the company has covered the entire matrix, and taken the full range of
responsibilities that it has as a modern green business.

Short Term

Long Term

Internal
Present
Oriented

Future
Oriented

Waste
management
Energy usage
reduction
Process
streamlining
Employee
Sensitization

Reuse and recycle

External

Waste minization
Process
revamping
Logistics
revamping
Green Technology
Development
Green
Infrastructure

Present
Oriented

Future
Oriented

Customer
Sensitization
Environmental
Awareness
Campaigns
Increase
accountability
Greener products

Sustainability
Vision
Green roadmap
for the business
and society
Environmentally
friendly product
development

CASE STUDY:
HCL Technologies
Concerns over energy conservation, global warming and corporate social responsibility are leading to
a huge amount of media coverage about all things that should go Green. Not only is there increased
media coverage, but environmental conservation issues are also obtaining much more visibility with
IT managers too.
Going Green may be environmentally responsible and cost efficient for an enterprise. A successful
Green initiative will enhance the availability of IT infrastructure and will also help reduce costs for
the enterprise. It can also be a platform to bring in a new level of discipline in IT provisioning and
management.
Why Green?

Information Technology has been on an unsustainable trend for years. Large data centers are feeding
on electricity; countless computers burn up processor power performing background operations, many
a times while their users are busy; add to this, thousands of emails and documents printed off
needlessly and never read.
If these factors are not enough of a reason to sign up to Green IT, there are many more. Many UK and
EU regulations and campaigns demand greener businesses. Employees are becoming increasingly
Green aware and want to see their company contribute towards getting a solution rather than
worsening the issue. Soon, someoneyour employer, a big customer, or a govt. agencyis going to
want to know what youre doing to comply with and advance your companys efforts to become more
environmentally responsible.
Defining Green IT
Green IT is a means of increasing energy efficiency of IT hardware, IT Data Centers and other assets.
Since IT consumes very large quantities of renewable and not so renewable resources like silicon,
platinum and others, a big part of Green IT also implies reducing electronic parts waste. IT also
consumes space on the planet through Data Centers. Thus, Green IT also means reducing the Data
Center footprint on the environment.
Data Centers are at the heart of Green IT
While Green IT merits a long discussion, for the want of time and space we can perhaps focus on the
heart of the issue today, which lies inside the Data Center of an enterprise.
The Data Center is often the engine that drives the growth of the enterprise, and energy efficiency is
the key here. According to a recent AFCOM Data Center Institute survey, 50% of every dollar spent
on a new server goes into the energy to power and cool it. The Lean & Green consortium predicted
that by the end of 2008, the cost of powering a server would even exceed the cost of the server itself.
In fact, as per some reports Data Centers consume between 1.5% and 3% of all the power generated
annually in the USA at the high end, thats equivalent to the electricity needed to power the state of
Michigan for a year.
Therefore, power management is a key aspect in achieving a Green Data Center. Simple acts such as
turning off unused lights, PCs and other devices are powerful and strikingly easy changes.
Furthermore, in many organizations the power save features do exist, but have not been activated.
Energy Star standards also enable us to determine the impact of equipment before we buy them. At
the next level, we need to ensure an equipment layout that optimizes cooling.

When considering using environmentally friendly techniques, companies should take the Green IT
effort beyond power saving through tactical ways. Today, the need is to transform the Data Center
footprint through more sustainable strategies like consolidation and virtualization, which offer a more
long-term solution to the problem.
Zooming in on the Virtualization buzz
Virtualization reduces the server footprint and therefore improves energy efficiency of an enterprise.
Implementing server virtualization can result in significant savings. Estimates by VMware and PG&E
Co. state that direct energy savings for each server removed via server virtualization runs between
$300 and $600 per year.
In fact virtualization is today becoming a strategy of choice for CIOs across the world. Experts and
practitioners agree on the fact that virtualization of Data Centers not only improves performance, but
increases IT efficiency, cuts power and cooling costs, and makes disaster recovery as easy as pushing
a button.
According to Gartner, virtualization would be the highest-impact trend changing infrastructure and
operations through 2012. Analysts at Gartner state that the leading edge of this change is server
virtualization, which promises to unlock much of the underutilized capacity of existing server
architectures. According to the research agencys figures, there were about 540,000 virtual machines
deployed around the world, not including consumer usage. By 2009, this figure was expected to soar
to over 4 million. Its obviously much higher today.
All these numbers validly represent the growing demand and adoption of virtualization in enterprises
across the globe. Consolidation is another option. If you are not prepared to launch the virtualization
project, you can consolidate your existing server. This can be done first by looking at application
optimization and then drilling that down into complete requirement mapping. The next step is
analyzing the application server maps that are in place and then consolidating servers according to
that. These are again long term programs that need to be well planned.
The holistic approach
The key to handling the complexity of greening an IT Data Center is to take a holistic approach. An
enterprise must look at all the aspects of environmental impact instead of focusing only on the most
obvious ones. Many a times, a plan on paper may yield consequences way beyond what was
originally expected. Therefore, planning and implementing the initiative in a phased manner is the
secret to energy efficient and clean IT.

ONGC
ONGC:- The Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC), India's largest petroleum exploration and
production entity, is organized as a state statutory body rather than a public company, but is run on a
profit-making basis with these revenues flowing to the Indian Exchequer. In 1989-1990 ONGC
claimed to have posted the biggest profit in "India's corporate world." ONGC and the state-owned
company, Oil India Ltd., are responsible for most of the exploration and production of crude oil and
gas in the country. A separate state-owned company, the huge Indian Oil Corporation, is predominant
in refining, trading, and marketing. The ONGC and other state-owned oil companies trace their
origins back to a 1948 resolution by India's newly independent government. The Industrial Policy
Resolution of 1948 specified that all new units in the Indian oil industry would be government-owned,
unless specifically authorized. In December 1955 an Oil and Natural Gas Directorate was set up
within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific Research to specialize in exploration. Early in
1956 its status was changed to a commission. In October 1959 the ONGC was made a statutory body
by an act of parliament. The decision to create ONGC as a state-controlled body and, eventually, to
bring most of the rest of the oil industry under government control, was based not just on ideology,
but on the need to prevent a drain on foreign exchange and control by a group of foreign-owned oil
companies that were predominant in the country. Before independence and immediately afterward
foreign companies exercised a powerful control over the production and supply of petroleum
substances vital to the country's industrial development. Prior to independence, it was widely believed
that India lacked large-scale commercial deposits of oil and gas.
The Energy Sector is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy,
including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large
amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of
society all over the world. In particular, the Energy Sector comprises:the petroleum industry,
including oil companies, petroleum refiners, fuel transport and end-user sales at gas stations the gas
industry, including natural gas extraction, and coal gas manufacture, as well as distribution and sales
the electrical power industry, including electricity generation, electric power distribution and sales the
coal industry the nuclear power industry the renewable energy industry, comprising alternative energy
and sustainable energy companies, including those involved in hydroelectric power, wind power, and
solar power generation, and the manufacture, distribution and sale of alternative fuels traditional
energy industry based on the collection and distribution of firewood, the use of which, for cooking
and heating, is particularly common in poorer countries 1.1.2. History: The use of energy has been a
key in the development of the human society by helping it to control and adapt to the environment.
Managing the use of energy is inevitable in any functional society. In the industrialized world the
development of energy resources has become essential for agriculture, transportation, waste

collection, information technology, communications that have become prerequisites of a developed

society. The increasing use of energy since the Industrial Revolution has also brought with it a number
of serious problems, some of which, such as global warming, present potentially grave risks to the
world. In society and in the context of humanities, the word energy is used as a synonym of energy
resources, and most often refers to substances like fuels, petroleum products and electricity in general.
These are sources of usable energy, in that they can be easily transformed to other kinds of energy
sources that can serve a particular useful purpose. This difference via energy in natural sciences can
lead to some confusion, because energy resources are not conserved in nature in the same way as
energy is conserved in the context of physics. The actual energy content is always conserved, but
when it is converted into heat for example, it usually becomes less useful to society, and thus appears
to have been "used up". Ever since humanity discovered various energy resources available in nature,
it has been inventing devices, known as machines that make life more comfortable by using energy
resources. Thus, although the primitive
Following are the various implement of green management in ongc:Technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener
structures; the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of
the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use
of natural materials that are available locally.
The concept of green Management can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and
environmental pollution concerns of the 1960s and 1970s.The Rachel Carson book, Silent Spring,
published in 1962, is considered to be one of the first initial efforts to describe sustainable
development as related to green building. The green building movement in the U.S. originated from
the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices.
There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social
benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to
both new construction and in the retrofitting of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design,
this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a designpurpose to create a synergy among the practices used.

Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and
ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often
emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active
solar, and photovoltaic equipment, and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and
reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using low-impact building
materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to
enhance replenishment of ground water.
While the practices or technologies employed in green building are constantly evolving and may
differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived: Sitting
and Structure Design Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Indoor
Environmental Quality Enhancement, Operations and Maintenance Optimization, and Waste and
Toxics Reduction. The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these principles.
Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to
produce a greater cumulative effect.
Sitting and Structure Design Efficiency:Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption both the embodied energy
required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide
services such as heating and power for equipment.

Water Efficiency:Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building.
One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer
exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their
dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and
conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual
plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing or by using water for washing of the cars. Waste-water
may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow
shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing
possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water
quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of non-

sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local
aquifer.
Waste and Toxics Reduction:Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction.
The project activity involves the construction of green building at Delhi. The building is designed as a
Green, Energy-efficient, Intelligent and Barrier-free. The building will be constructed for the Platinum
Rating under US Green Building Councils Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Green Building Rating System (USGBCs LEED) rating system. This project is an initiative to
provide an eco-friendly and energy efficient workspace; various Green features have been
incorporated in the design with intricate equipment/system selection procedures to ensure the
maximum adherence/value engineering to the design intent.
The building named as Rajeev Gandhi Urja Bhavan in Delhi being built on a plot area of 36,340
square meters at Vasant Kunj Mall Phase-II, Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi has been designed by
noted architect Hafeez Contractor. The building has a built area of 46,900 square meters with a
ground plus 5 floors and two basement levels. The building is estimated to cost around Rs. 490
Crores. ONGC has committed upto Rs. 500 Crores for supporting the R&D activities to be carried out
through a Trust set up as ONGC Energy Centre.

Conclusion
Green computing is the term used to denote efficient use of resources in computing. This term
generally relates to the use of computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental
impact, maximizing economic viability and ensuring social duties. Green computing is very much
related to other similar movements like reducing the use of environmentally hazardous materials like
CFCs, promoting the use of recyclable materials, minimizing use of non-biodegradable components,
and encouraging use of sustainable resources. The primary objective of such a program is to account
for an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational and societal success. It
aims to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's
lifetime, and promote recyclable process or biodegradability of outdated products and factory waste,
just like green chemistry. There are several solutions like customer satisfaction, management
restructuring, regulatory compliance, and removal of electronic waste, telecommuting, and
virtualization of server resources, energy use, and return on investment (ROI). Keywords: Ecofriendly PCs, Energy star, e-waste, ROI, virtualization, biodegradability, energy efficiency,
CleanTech, LCD.
The "Environmental Protection Planning of Macao (2010-2020)", as the first environmental planning
of Macao, has systematically depicted the roadmap of future environmental management works in
Macao. The Environmental Planning, on the one hand, has proposed objectives in improving
environmental quality and guidance in actions to be taken for Macao up to year 2020.On the other
hand, it has also acted as the foundation of the environmental management works in Macao, in the
view of harmonizing the environment, society and economy, leading for the sustainable social and
economic development.
This planning aims to establish the planning objectives and indicators in a forward-looking way, and
execute and implement the actions for improving the environment according to their priority. We have
to point out that formulation and implementation of this planning is a dynamic process, which relies
on the participation of general public, and should be reviewed, amended and improved in accordance
with the actual status of the social and economic development, supported by the input of
corresponding resources, in order to facilitate and ensure the implementation of this planning.
However, since the environment is a complex, variable and extensive system, protecting the
environment is a hard and enduring task. It is impossible that all the existing pollution problems in the
environmental can completely be resolved in the next decade. A wonderful and quality environment
must be achieved by continuous planning, governmental policies, efforts of the enterprises and public
participation