as Pearson Addison- Wes : i i : iley Fluids and Elasticity 15.1 Fluids 1, An object has density p. ‘a, Suppose each of the object's three dimensions is increased by a factor of 2 without changing the ‘material of which the object is made. Will the density change? If so, by what factor? Explain. fine devicity it nok chor ow demoass ound Volume incre’ by O32 Seimnes, neit Patio is unchhanses, b. Suppose each of the object's three dimensions is increased by a factor of 2 without changing the object's mass, Will the density change? If so, by what factor? Explain, The density willdecrease Factor of $. The voluene as Iacceosed tee B Fines, lout not the moss so =e. 2. abe nn in a cylinder has density p= 1.4 kg/m® ‘a, What will be the density of the air ifthe length of the cylinder is doubled while the radius is unchanged? Dowdlin tne doubles tne. vorrei Se SRA Bees bb. What will be the density of the air ifthe radius of the cylinder is halved while the length is, unchanged? Edtcresses Padins is halved tre volume, ees = cregsccny ostoes Seer “oe 2 Sipe Ape Sole Shs 3. Aifenclosed it a phere has density p= 14 kg/m®, What wil the density be ifthe radius of te sphere is halved? The volume clecrenses boy times se pl=We = BP= NO ESend 1541WB-2_cuuavrnn 15 . Fluids and Blastcty 15.2 Pressure 15.3 Measuring and Using Pressure 4, When you stand on a bathroom scale, it reads 700 N. Suppose a giant vacuum cleanet sucks half the air ‘out of the room, reducing the pressure to 0.5 atm, Would the scale reading increase, decrease, of stay the same? Explain. The Scale Ceading would le. unchonaed PressQXe 1s Solo, Eke ting no net Upward force 5, Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the pressures at A, B, and C. ® ower k>C>B "Le Trepresure de | the depin trom oe enn Aisthe lowest (derge Sane From) ° a | opening oF B. Cis t c i ace Vick as deep os A- 6. Refer tothe figure in Exereise 5. Rank inorder, from largest to smallest, the pressures at D, E, and F. Oner E= FE >D Explanation Eomnd F arene some, depth From ineopenina ond Di not osdeep as*Eond F. ‘The gauge pressure at the bottom of a cylinder of liquid is py = 0.4 atm. The liquid is poured into another cylinder with twice the radius of the first cylinder. What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the second eylinder? (Bee Dus ene Coss Sectione} sor Wieck cylinder isaqreater aractor a wl be Stolle by the cache Factor: APz rie co Therefore the decreost in dept cede He QPUSE PRE loy-the Same Factor, (© 2008 ty Pearson Bacon In, publishing as Pearson Adon. Wesley(©2008 by Pann Eduction, Ine, publishng ws Pearson Adlson-Wesky Fluids and Blasiciy carte IS 15-3 8. Cylinders A and B contain liquids. The pressure py at the bottom of A is higher than the pressure py at the bottom of B. Is the ratio p,/pa of the absolute pressures larger than, smaller than, or equal to the ratio of the gauge pressures? Explain. Fe Corin oF-the alosolute pressuce iS Smaller. The dlosolure Pressure isthe Seuss. pressuce. plus osmospreric pressure. ForPa >Py then Panpuge + Raton ‘Paoouse Paapane r Paes Prapuge 9. Aand B ar rectangular tanks full of water. They have equal — depths, equal thicknesses (the dimension into the page), but different widths. a, Compare the forces the water exerts on the bottoms of the tanks, Is larger than, smaller than, or equal to Fs? Explain, = \, Fa> Fe becouse the bottom of Ais larger. The Pressures ATE opel Souk F=PA- . Compare the forces the water exerts on the sides of the tanks. Is Fj larger than, smaller than, or equal to Fy? Explain, Faz Fe. The areas of thesides gceequal and the pressure ot any aiven dept isthe Same For both A ond B. 10, Water expands when heated. Suppose a beaker of water is heated from 10°C to 90°C. Does the pressure at the bottom of the beaker increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain The pressuse Stay 5 te Some... Attnovay the dept iNcreoses, athe why MUStalso decrease. The total moss 1S constowt as iS he, Une, Suerte the weight EOE RAS isn, oequa tops? Exlain Paz Pa ~ The pressure isdistrilbuted | Haroucrouttne Fiuidte be equalat eral deoths.A cuavren 15 . Fluids and Blastcty 12, The container showin holds a mixture of ol and water. To begin, the container is shaken vigorously mix the oll nto the water by breaking it into very tiny droplets. This is what happens when you shake ajar of salad dressing. Eventually, theo eparaes and rises to the top. Oil and water are immiscible, mcaning that the total volume Is the sime whether they are mixed or separated. The pressure atthe bottom ofthe container after the ol has separated is hot the same asthe inal pressure when the ol and water ate mixed although itmay take some careful tought to understand why. Ts the final pressure atthe boom higher or lower than the init pressure? Explain, Me Final pressure is less-The neck Hine contoiner Will inihally be Filed wit on oil- woster mixture Once-the oil TiS5eS Aeneck ecomes Si\ledonty with ail Theshape oF ine Container inthis case leads tothe Cembrod calunn Naving Oa peccentoge of oil ogrer then loefor leadingto a lower “S Final pressure- 13, Atsea level, the height of the mercury column in a sealed glass tube is 380 ‘mim, What can you say about the contents of the space above the mercury? Be tx pec as you ca, Theheidt one mercury Coban IS Want rt Would inoue loeer, ifthe Space olove Were competed evacenocted Thus, the Space iS Under o pressu® oF O.5etm- ode = TOemthg) 3 i ; iFluids and Elasticity cuarren 15 15-5 i 15.4 Buoyancy 14, Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the densities of A, Band C one: A>C>B A Ht Explanation = Themost dense ariect Float: Wikh He smaltest Fraction o ibsvolume aloove ine Fluid level. Me least dense Floats wilysne largest Fraction of Wsvolume aldove-the Suid level. 8 A,B, and Chave the same volume. Rank in order, from largest 0 smallest, the sizes of the buoyant forces Fy, Fs, and Feon A, B, and C, owe: Fy? Ege Fe Explanation Recouse they hovethe same Nolume ney each displace Ane Some Volume of Auid and Jencetne same loucyort Force (Note thatthe systemis Not in equililbrinm, tnecForees Nor SOW) Refer to the figure of Exercise 15. Now A, B, und C have the same density. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the sizes of the buoyant forces on A, B, and C. ous: Fy 2 Fe Fa Explanation Tr Hreic densities avethe same thenthe dejects With arester mass (And C)must alse occup 0 lavgerVolume-Thus, A and C. Wwillexperience, alacagy lousyart forcetmon B.17, Suppose you stand on a bathroom sae thats on tne bottom ofa swimming pool. Te water comes up to your waist Does the sal read more than less than, or the same as your ive weight? Explain, Thescale wil read your Weight. Our definition oF Weidnt isthe reading of a stole on which an doject ISS onary he Torre sory on youis feduced, however, tothe extent of Hie buxyant force. 18, Ships Aand B have te same height and the same mas ‘helt ross section profiles ae shown in the figure. Docs one ship ride higher inte water (more height above the Awill ride Wigner becousene a . ootom of Adisolaces water more. efFechely Mowing as ‘eoter Yolumne ob loner depths. Less of A's total hei airs needs, foe Si yo displace q Weia\st OF Woven equalto tine Weigirt of tne Sip: Edson, ne publishing 4s Pesson Aden Wesley (© 2008 ty Poa(0-208 by PeanonEcaton le. publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Fids and Blastcity carrer 1S 15-7 15.5 Fluid Dynamics 19, Gas flows through a pipe. You can't se into the pipet |_ a know how the inner diameter changes. Rank inorder, =} foo ams from largest to smallest, the gas speeds vy 10 ¥3 at points 1,2,and3, Onde Vg, >, >Vig Explanation Astine Speed increases Hie pressuce.is reduced OMowinatne Fuid forise Waker whenete a BRS Fastest oy toknow how the inner diameter changes, Rankin order, | | from largest 'o smallest, the flow speeds vt a points and 3. + ; ondee: Jay >V\ >No. Explanation Asthespeedof tne Huid increases the, pressure is reduced. 21. Liquid flows through this pipe. This is an overhead view. a Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the flow speeds vy to at points 1 (0 4. Order: J, >Ng,> Vg. > Vy oi Meareotest od occurs Where he. GOSS - Soe eHAl osed iS Smallest” sotnat the sore volume Fons per time: b Rank inorder, from largest to smallest, the pressures p, 0 py at points Ito 4 ove Py > Pa PRP, me weostest pressure _Oppears Where OW Speed is least. 22. Wind blows over a house. A window on the ground floor is open. Is there § > aan air flow through the house? If so, does the airflow in the window and Wing out the chimney, or in the chimney and out the window? Explain, The pressure is feduced atthe Onivaney ducccto ne aie loin: Thus Hne oir Clowbin the, = Windows ond out tre Chimney.15-8 cHapree IS - Fluids and Elasticity 15.6 Elasticity 23. A force stretches a wire by 1 mm. ‘a, A second wire of the same material has the same cross section and twice the length, How far will it be stretched by the same force? Explain. The Keond wive will be stretched by Imm becouse, Ane ornouict oF Stretching 1S 5 Propartional tothe. lemon oF the wire: fay, > Y,0--% Heheg ae SOL ’. A third wire ofthe same material has the same length and twice the diameter as the first, How far will it be stretched by the same force? Explain. Because ne Cross-Rctianal aren is increased, by 4 Fimes winerctine ai omneverisdoulcied Khe stretenirg, Wii oe. Y4 98 MUCK OF AL! “GAY ap = 0.2mm 24. A 2000 N force stretches a wire by I mm, ‘a. A second wire of the same material is twice as long and has twice the diameter. How much force is needed to stretch it by 1 mm? Explain. Because tne cross - sechional aven increages by Hi put the lengttsis only Sea aforee of ses oy ft tients isvequived: FAY EE p'HAY Se = ae b. A third wire is twice as ong as the first and has the same diameter. How far is it stretched by a 4000 N force? Tr is stretched by Hmm Bu 7a = =4AL 4s Peanon Adiso- Wesley 25. A wire is stretched right to the breaking point by a 5000 N force. A longer wire made of the same ‘material has the same diameter. Is the force that will stretch it right to the breaking point larger than, ‘smaller than, or equal to 5000 N? Explain, The lonaer wire will also break a 5000 N, “he Force per oxen is tne Same in loot COSeS. i : : 8 26, Sphere A is compressed by 1% at an ocean depth of 4000 m. Sphere B is compressed by 19% at an ‘ocean depth of 5000 m, Which has the larger bulk modulus? Explain. Sphreve Bias o larger bulk modulus lpecouse it takes a Greater pressure (oveotrer dep) to compress \t bythe some Fraction.