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182 views8 pages19 WorkBookSolutions PDF
Uploaded by
Naren GujjarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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(©2008 by Pearson fdcation Lo, publishing as Peawon Adsion Wesley,
Heat Engines and
Refrigerators
19.1 Turning Heat into Work
19.2 Heat Engines and Refrigerators
|The figure on the left shows a thermodynamic process in which a gas expands from 100 cm? to 300 em?
On the right, draw the pV diagram of a process that starts from state i, expands to 300 em, and does the
same amount of work as the process on the left.
Ts.
ooo. ow
2. For each ofthese processes, is work done by the system (W <0, W,> 0), om the system
(W> 0, W, <0), or is no work done?
ap bp
We workis SO LZ v, Workis 20
the System) Contnesystem)
Rank in order, from largest 1 smallest, the thermal efficiencies 1; to n, of these heat engines,
cet =
an ou
Ca
ore Ma >= No? Ny
Explanation:
aWotr Wet Net Nae n,2&
out 1 o Ne See Nye &
19-1 19-2. cunpror 19 - Heat Engines and Refrigerators
4. Could you havea heat engine wih > 1? plain
No. Y= Wout . who you ct
Gu Whak you hodto pay
You commot ge out more Han
You put int
5. Poreach engin shown,
«a, Supply the missing value.
», Determine the thermal efficiency.
a
- 03
i cor! oid
n= TE? 0-08 = 1820-33
”
6. For each refrigerator shown,
4 Supply the missing value.
b. Determine the coefficient of performance.
v2 fe 5
xe $2D eth
7. Does a efrgerator do workin ode tocol the interior? Explain
No. Thework is not done by He System. The
Work is done othe system extract heat
Ge Fromane cold CesetVoir and exhaust 0
loner amount of heat Qu tothe Not reservoir.
{© 2008 by Pearson Eaton, In, publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley (© 2008 ty Peanon Educate, Inc, publishing as Peon Adtson- Wesley
Heat Engines and Refrigersors ~ CHAPTER 19° 19-3
19.3 Ideal-Gas Heat Engines
8, Starting from the point shown, draw a pV diagram for the following processes.
1. An isobaric process in which work is . An adiabatic process in which work
done by the system, is done on the system.
a
\ a \ ocho
J
ce, An isothermal process in which heat is, 4. An isochoric process in which heat is
added tothe system removed from the system.
, >
| a igothese® |
we
v —v
9. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the amount of work (W,), (0 (W,), done by the gas in each of
these cycles.
tela
2
Onder Wa>W, =W3 >Wy
Explanation:
The amount of Work iseq ual Neo Msi
the closed cycle lbop sol tothe osfen inside
Wy=1x3=3 W323x 123,
Wa=sOBK4S Wy2 LEUIEL 19-4 cuaoren 19 . Heat Engines and Religeators
10. The figure uses a series of pictures to illustrate a thermodynamic eycle.
sua ve sss
Sq
H
otf |
eprwcompench Tepisishstdateooamt —Thefome sumed und Te pol i ns
mec ate ipmmtioucde poten ie,
met,
4. Show the eyele asa pV diagram, Label the thee stages.
». Whats the energy transformation during each stage ofthe
process? (For example, stage in which work energy is
transformed into heat energy could be represented as a
Woo)
stage) WOE an 3
stage OW n '
stages ak? Q
Y
11. The figure shows the pV diagram ofa heat engine
a. During which stages is heat added tothe gas? Ly H
hs sue?
Dating whichis heat removed from the gas? HE Tse
¢. During which sages is work done on the gas? EP
3 suse
4. Dating which is work done by the gos? ,
e. Draw a series of pictures, similar to those of Exercise 10, to =
ilustratethe stages ofthis cycle Give a brief description of what, = |________y
happens during each stage. ta %
Shae _
Stone Steaed Stage S =» Stage
L
e b> v
qj
4 Pp w/4 K
“
RWW AN
ston i Piston is Pistoni: Gos aolgot
‘Rake ie ace Feesnwligvce ocked sy COnstank pressure
‘is\eoted heoted’ lace. Gnd Volume
constont constant Px co, decreoses
WaMe PHESS\ yemperotute, decmeos
‘neteasee te Py S HHpaindsto asqascacls
t Ip, PESSUCe ?S, ak Constant
eee canstanh Volume,
ac pa boyheoting,
x
publishing as Pearon Adison- Wes
© 2008 by Fearon Ebest {©2028 Person Edtcato, In, publishing a Pesan Adon: ese.
oat Engines and Reeigeraors - CHAPTER 19 1945
12. Aheat engine satisfies Woy: = Qnex- Why is there no AEj term in this relationship?
Heot is added to -tne System and Work 1S
clone loy the System onthe surroundings
Allo constarrhtemperorure.
13, The thermodynamic cycles of two heat > >
cengines are shown, Which engine has a | aie a
larger thermal efficiency? Explain » .,
Thermal ef¢ iciency is | | [7
lavogr durin eyclel. + "
The Same amnotrt of heat L— ay Le
Qyisoddedto coc cycle © , :
lout cycle | hos a lareee Wout
duets Hnelorger enclosed
oven. = ey
14. The thermodynamic cya two eat ,
engines ae shown, Which engin hs
Tage heal eiceney? Expl, n
Hen Ne Sa
The amount of Work
done isthe same dur: ng
enc cycle \recausethe
ench areas are equal-
But dneheot intothe mM
Quy isafeoter during cycle .
(Durinathe odiatoorie processes G=0.) 19-6 Harrie 19 - Heat Engines and Refigerators
19.4 Ideal-Gas Refrigerators
15. a. The figure shows the pV diagram of a heat engine. >
During which stages is heat added to the gas? B. Aa
soc tts
During which is heat removed from the gas? 1D
During which stages is work done on the gas? AK
During which is work done by the gas? c
Circle the answers that complete the sentence:
‘The temperature of the hot reservoir must be Saxe
> ik = ii, <
the temperature 1.7, (RYTs i. Ty tl
Cire te answers that complet the sentence:
"he temperate of he cl sega must be
thetemperaue iT; Gt tT
b. The figure shows the pV diagram of a refrigerator
During which stages is heat added to the gas?
Daring which is heat removed from the gas?
During which stages is work done on the gas?
During which is work done by the gas?
rcle the answers that complete the sentence:
"The temperature of the hot reservoir must be
thetempernYs i, AT
Circle the answers that complete the sentence:
‘The temperature of the cold reservoir must be
> ii <
the temperature iT iis GE
16, An ideal-gas device operates with the cycle shown. Isita—p
refrigerator? That is, does it remove heat energy from a cold
ne, publishing as Peuon Adison Westy.
side and exhaust heat energy to a hot side? Explain. j
No. This isnot arefrigeroctor: ;
The Maret riaerater must J 5
USE BW Odi alooti ws Or. atlas :
to lower Hhetemperactture,
ANA AN AAIdlootie Compression,
to raise tne ternperature ‘0 2008 by Fearon Education, le publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Heat Engines and Refrigerators » CHAPTER 19 19-7
19.5 The Limits of Efficiency
19.6 The Carnot Cycle
17. Do cach of the following represent a possible heat engine or refrigerator? If not, what is wrong?
i
No. Cannot have, Yes. Heatrengine. No.7] >Nearnat
I5Soug 2OTin Ne eta wyee 4 Te ¥ +00
NeacaatlFEHO-S —— Nearak BBO
‘. i
e ~ dl fn yo
208 10} |
we —_ = aE we ne
No. Qy and Qe, Yes Refi ae todo. No. K>Kearnst
Cannot loot lok. an ae°°* Ke 29
Win’ 60 10
sayy Koodo Hg = Keacaat |
18, Four Camot engines operate with the hot and cold reservoir temperatures shown in the table.
7 300 600
2 200 400
3 200 600
4 300 400
Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the thermal efficiencies 7} to mg of these engines,
ones Ax N= NON
Explanation: 3) BO ge
Neocost Ej Til s~OS;
‘ 2|- 82.
Te BS “05 Th pl-BeoeyT ee 19-8 cuarren 19 . Heat Engines and Refigerators
19, It gets pretty hot in your unairconditioned apartment. In browsing the Internet, you find a company
selling small “room air conditioners.” You place it on the floor, plug it in, and—the advertisement
says—the air conditioner will lower the room temperature up to 10°F. Should you order one? Explain.
No. This "air conditioner” Would
lee Femavina heat From and
expencitre Reot +o the
