‘Thermofluids Lab- MECSS54/LS 3/ Rev. 00-2012 -_ UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL, PROGRAM BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (HONS) COURSE, THERMO-FLUIDS LABORATORY 2 CODE MEC 554 EXPERIMENT #3 Title: Fluid Machinery ~ Centrifugal Pumpaie tee Tt ce ‘Thermofluids Lab - MECSS4/LS3Rev, 00-2010 EXPERIMENT 3 MECS54 - FLUID LAB Title : CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTIC Objectives: To obtain performance characteristics for a variable speed centrifugal pump operating at 3 different impeller speeds. Performance characteristics of pump: ‘© Pressure (head) jump + Power requirement © Flow rate influence «Pump speed influence Experimental Apparatus. ‘The experimental set-up consists of: i) Water-flow bench and centrifugal pump ii) Instrumentation for data acquisition consists of The instrument panel a. Speed Control to change pump speed. Pump speed can be varied over range of O 3000 rpm b. Pump suction and delivery pressures ¢. Torque measurement Flow Measurement Using “V" notch weir ‘a, Flow rate in the system can be measured relating the height of water seen in the sight glass to graph T1 and reading off the flow rate in litters per minute. Sce attachment Speed Measurement a. Pump motor speed measurements are made using hand held digital tachometer. ‘Theory/Background of the experiment: One of the most common radial-flow turbo machines is the centrifugal pump. The type of pump has two main components: an impeller attached to a rotating shaft and a stationary casing (or housing) enclosing the impeller. Schematic diagram of basic elements of centrifugal pump is as shown below.‘Thermofluids Lab ~ MECSS4/LS3Rev. 00-2010 > Discharge { impeller Hub plate a =~ Blaie ~ LE cosine, vousie, snarecsen crvoite Figure 1. Basic Elements of a Centrifugal Pumps Energy is added to the fluid by the rotating blades. and both pressure and absolute velocity are increased as the fluid flows from the eye to the periphery of into the blades. The kinetic energy is converted into further inerease in pressure as the fluid flows from the impeller into the casing enclosing the impeller. Due to the general complexity of flow through a centrifugal pump, the actual performance of the pump cannot be predicted on a completely theoretical basis, Actual pump performance is determined experimentally through tests on the pump and the results are presented as pump performance curves. Performance characteristics for a given pump geometry and operating speed are usually given in the form of plots of head rise, efficiency and power versus flow rate (commonly referred as capacity). This information is most helpful to the engineer responsible for incorporating pumps into a given pipe flow system. Consider the experimental arrangement for determining the head rise (or pressure rise) gained by a fluid flowing through a pump, as shown schematically below. Figure2. Experimental Arrangement for Pump Performance Characteristic. ‘The pump head rise can be expressed using the energy equation as hy = (py — Pi pg + (22-2) +02 ~HY28 ay Typically the differences in elevations and velocities (between inlet and outlet) are so small so that hy =(ps~ Pi) PS 2)‘Thermofluids Lab ~ MECSS4/LS3Rev. 00-2010 The power, P, gained by the fluid is given by the equation P, = paQh, se) ‘The pump overall efficiency. 27, is the ratio of power actually gained by the fluid to the shaft power supplied Wj) as given by the equation =P IWog wl) Where. Wjyp the shaft power. is the product of the Torque applied to the shaft and the angular velocity, Ww, (5) Where 6 Typical performance curve for the axial centrifugal pump of a given size operating at constant speed is shown below: g ren cet Figure 3 Typical Performance Characteristics of an Axial Centrifugal Pump‘Thermofluids Lab - MECSS4/LS3Rev. 00-2010 Experimental Procedures. Pre’ i) ii) iii) ties. Students will be adequately supervised. Tum pump discharge and suction valves to fully open and motor speed control to ze10. Switch on the electrical supply and motor drive switch. Adjust motor control knob slowly to around half way position. Ensure that there are no leaks in the system Check all gauges etc. Reduce the motor speed back to zero. The apparatus is ready for testing. Actual Experiment. i ii) iii) iv) vi) Open suction valve and close discharge valve. Select maximum pump speed , by adjusting sp Open discharge valve fully and allow water to circulate. Note the volume of flow indicated and decide suitable increments in flow to give adequate sample points (about 15 points between zero and maximum flow) Close the discharge valve (corresponding to no flow). When the measured readings are steady read all measurements. Open discharge valve slightly, to give the first increment in volume flow, When readings are steady take measurements, Repeat step iv) above. The final measurements corresponding to the valve being fully open. Repeat the entire experiment at pump speed correspond to speed control position of 75% and 50%. Results and Analysis Compute the performance characteristic values and record the respective values in a table provided at the end of this manual. Calculate the remaining parameters required using the formula given in the theory section. (Please list out all the conversion factor involved in your calculation). From the data obtained, plot the performance in head along with the efficiency curve and Wu (in BHP) against capacity on a graph paper. Analyze the plots. Discuss on the behavior of each curve. Can you specify the best operating range for the pump? -xplain why the curves behave as they do and how to increase the efficiency of a system.Thermofluids Lab ~ MEC554/LS3Rev. 00-2010 PUMP TEST SHEET TEST 1 PUMP SPEED, N: o: No. INPUT OUTPUT T Water | Torque. | Shaft Power | Volume [Inlet pressure, | Discharge ] Water] Output | Pie height, | T (Nm) flowrate | P; pressure, | head, h | Power, ge ma Pr (m)_— | Watt (100%) | KWY]Hp | Wmin [ms | mH,0 | Nim’ psi | Nim” | | (100%)‘Thermofluids Lab - MEC554/L$3Rev. 00-2010 PUMP TEST SHEET TEST 2 PUMP SPEED. N rpm o radis No. INPUT OUTPUT Water | Torque, | Shaft Power | Volume Tnlet pressure, | Discharge cr] Pificienc height, | T (Nm) flow rate P, | pressure. 10h) mm P2 (100%) KW [Hp [Wmin [ms [mH0 (100%) | 7 | | | | | | nee | TI 7 1 - le‘Thermofluids Lab - MECSS4/LS3Rev. 00-2010 PUMP TEST SHEET TEST 3 PUMP SPEED.N: rpm rads No. | INPUT OUTPUT Water | Torque. | Shall Power | Volume Inlet pressure, | Discharge] Water [Output | Eicien height, | T (Nm) | flowrate | P, Pressure, | head.h | Power, | (q%y, | mm [P2 (m) | Watt | (10076) | KW Hp | imin [ms [mH,0 [Nim? psi | Nim -THLE: 90° VEE_NOTCH CALIBRATION cure, Nomen 100 200 300 U’nin 400 GILBERT, GILKES & GORDON LTD. Sr ae KENDAL, ENGLAND craw JH UL