Abstract cluster Entrepreneurship, Economics and Business

Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth:

A Causality Evidence from Indonesia, 1984-2010
Timotius D. Harsono1, Mudrajad Kuncoro2
Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
The relationship between electricity consumption and GDP has become a primary topic
and controversial issue in the US, Europe, and Asia, since 1970s. Indonesia is an excellent
laboratory for testing which directions of causality between electricity consumption and GDP
occur. One of the most striking issues is that generating electric capacity growth in Indonesia
has lagged behind the pace of electricity demand growth, leading to power shortages and a
low electrification ratio. Using modified Granger causality tests with Error Correction Model
(ECM) to time series data within the period of 1984-2010, we examine the nature of the causal
relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. We found that there was
a unidirectional short run relationship moving from electricity consumption per capita to GDP
per capita for Indonesia. Our finding does support the finding of Chen, et al. (2006), whereas
the causal relationship is uni-directional moving from electricity consumption to GDP.
However, the finding of our study shows short run relationship, whilst the relationship found
by Chen (2006) is long run. Our finding also challenges the finding of Yoo (2006) and Murry
& Nan (1996) in which both findings show uni-directional relationship moving from economic
growth to electricity consumption growth. Finally, the findings suggest that fundamental
changes in electricity and regional development policies are required.
Keywords: Electricity Consumption, GDP, Granger Causality, ECM
References :
[1] Altinay, G., and Karagol, E., (2005), Electricity consumption and economic growth:
Evidence from Turkey, Energy Economics, Vol. 27, pp. 849-856.
[2] Chen, S.T., Kuo, H.I., and Chen, C.C., (2006), The relationship between GDP and
electricity consumption in 10 Asian countries, Energy Policy, vol. 35, pp. 2611-2621.
[3] Granger, C.W.J., and Newbold, P., (1974), Spurious regressions in econometrics, Journal
of Econometrics, vol. 2, pp. 111-120.

Abstract cluster Social Sciences

Similarity Measure among Structures of Local Government Statute Books based on

Tree Edit Distance
1

Yoichi Takenaka1, Takeshi Wakao2

Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2
Faculty of Law, Dokkyo University, Saitana, Japan

Abstract
A similarity measure between statute books of local governments that can help reveal
suggestive similarities is proposed. The regulations of a local government are stored in a
statute book, and they are categorized in a layered structure. The layered structure can be
described as an ordered tree in computer science, and we define the similarity of statute
books as the tree edit distance between two trees. We have calculated the similarities among
statute books of the 47 Japanese prefectures and plotted them on a plane using multidimensional scaling. The results visually indicate the relationships of similarities among them,
and there are several outlier prefectures and clusters. This will help find local governments
with similar regulations, which will facilitate the writing or revision of statutes, especially in
small local governments, which are typically short staffed.
Keywords: statute book, local government, similarity measure, tree edit distance
References:
[1] Takashi, H., Jyunichi, A., and Yurika, M., (2009), Automatic classification of Local
Government statutes based on Clustering methods, In the proceeding of the 9th study
meeting, the information network law association, pp. 65-68.
[2] Tokuyasu, K., (2010), A method for supporting legislation with focusing on analogy to
software engineering (3), Journal of Law and Politics, vol. 237, chap. 2, pp. 191-252.
[3] Tai, K.-C., (1979), The tree-to-tree correction problem, J. ACM, vol. 26(3), pp. 422-433.

Abstract cluster Social Sciences

Attitudes towards Tax Evasion in Turkey and Australia: A Comparative Study

Robert W. McGee1, Ken Devos2, and Serkan Benk 3,*
School of Business and Economics, Fayetteville State University in Fayetteville, 1200
Murchison Road Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA
2
Department of Business Law and Taxation, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash
University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
3
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Inonu University in Malatya, Malatya
44280, Turkey
1

Abstract
The authors conducted a survey of 502 Turkish and Australian undergraduate and
graduate business and economic students to determine their views regarding the ethics of tax
evasion. These two groups were selected on the premise that their views represented the
perceptions of two very different cultures, which has not been investigated in previous studies.
The survey instrument required students to indicate their level of agreeableness to 18 general
statements representing various scenarios in the socio-economic environment. The
statements in the survey reflected the three main viewpoints regarding the ethics of tax
evasion which have emerged from the literature to date. The results of the study show that
although Turkish scores are significantly different from the Australian scores, both Turkish
and Australian respondents believe that tax evasion can be ethically justifiable in certain
situations, although some arguments are stronger than others.
Keywords: tax evasion, ethics, Australia, Turkey, cultural differences.
References:
[1] Burton, H.A., Stewart, S.K., and Cynthia, B., (2005), Perception of white-collar crime: Tax
evasion, Journal of legal tax research, vol. 3, pp. 35-48.
[2] Antonides, G., and Henry, S.J.R., (1995), True positives and false alarms in the detection
of tax evasion, Journal of Public Psychology, vol. 16, pp. 617-640.
[3] Grupta, R., and Robert, McGee, (2010), Study on tax evasion perceptions in Australia,
Australian tax forum 25, pp. 507-534.

Abstract cluster Natural Sciences and Engineering

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Mn Doped BiFeO3 Nanomaterials

V. Srinivas1, A.T. Raghavender2, and K. Vijjaya Kumar3,*
Department of Physics, Government Institute of Electronics, Secunderabad 500026, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nishitha College of
Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad 509215, India
3
Department of Physics, JNTUH College of Engineering Jagtial, Nachupally (Kondagattu),
Karimnagar 505501, India

Abstract
Nanocrystalline Bi1MnFeO3 (0 0.3) materials were synthesized using sol-gel
technique. The structural and magnetic properties were investigated in detail. Rietveld analysis
from XRD revealed the structural formation of BiFeO3. As the Mn doping concentration was
increased, the structure of BiFeO3 changed from rhombohedral to tetragonal. All the M-H loops
showed the ferromagnetic behavior in the prepared samples. Magnetization was observed to
enhance as the Mn doping concentration was increased. The enhanced magnetization may be
due to the collapse of the space modulated spin structure as observed from the structural
changes.
Keywords: nanocrystalline, BiFeO3, Mn, sol-gel technique
References:
[1] Wang, J., Neaton, J.B., Zheng, H., et al, (2003), Epitaxial BiFeO3 multiferroic thin film
heterostructures, Science, vol. 299, no. 5613, pp. 1719-1722.
[2] Feng, H.J., Wang, M., Liu, F., Duan, B., Tiam, J., and Guo, X., (2015), Enhanced optical
properties and the origin of carrier transport in BiFeO3/TiO2 heterostructures with 109
domain walls, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 628, pp. 311-316.
[3] Uchida, H., Ueno, R., Funakubo, H., and Koda, S., (2006), Crystal structure and
ferroelectric properties of rare-earth substituted BiFeO3 thin films, Journal of Applied
Physics, vol. 100, no. 1. Article ID 014106.

Abstract Cluster Electronics, Information, and Communication Technology

Self-Biasing High Precision CMOS Current Subtractor for Current-Mode Circuits

Emre Arslan
Marmara University, Departmen of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 34722, Goztepe,
Istanbul Turkey
Abstract
In this study, a novel, differential pair based, high performance and high bandwidth current
subtractor is proposed. Very low equivalent impedances are obtained at input ports n and p by
using source follower transistors. Furthermore, the proposed circuit is self-biasing which makes it
resistant to process, supply voltage and temperature variations. The proposed current subtractor
can be used as an input stage for current-mode active circuits like current differencing buffered
amplifier (CDBA), operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) and current differencing
transconductance amplifier (CDTA) which employ current subtractors. A numeric figure-of-merit
is defined and it is used to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed circuit.
Keywords: CDBA, CDTA, current subtractor, self-biasing, OTRA.
References:
[1] Gray, P.R., Hurst, P.J., Lewis, S.H., and Meyer, R.G., (2000), Analysis and design of
analog Integrated Circuits, Wiley, New York.
[2] Palmisano, G., Palumbo, G., and Pennisi, S., (1999), Design strategies for class A CMOS
CCIIs, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Process, vol. 19, pp. 75-85.
[3] Biolek, D., Senani, R., Biolkova, V., and Kolka, Z., (2008), Active elements for analog
signal processing: classification, review, and new proposals, Radioengineering, vol. 17,
no. 4, pp. 15-32.

Abstract Cluster Healtcare and Pharmacy

Temporal Adverse Effects in Leprosy Saudi Patients Receiving Multi Drug Therapy
Abdulbasit Ibraheem Al-Sieni, Waheed Zaki Al-Layati and Fahad Ahmed Al-Abbasi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
Abstract
Leprosy or Hansens disease is an infectious disease that yet represents major
socioeconomic burden to humanity. It results in permanent physical disabilities besides
disgraceful social perception to patients. Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) treatment protocol is a
combinatorial anti microbial treatments which has been approved by the WHO as the best
treatment option for Hansens disease. Side effects to MDT protocol are the main
limiting obstacle for the treatment course completion that might differ from population to another.
Herein, we are assessing the temporal hematological and biochemical markers of side effects in
Saudi leprosy patients treated with MDT protocol for one year. Hematological assessment
revealed progressive temporal but mild decline in all the examined parameters (RBC, PCV, Hb,
MCH and MCHC) in males and females patients treated with MDT compared to control group.
Biochemical assessment for MDT treated leprosy Saudi patients presented mild progressive
temporal hepato-renal complications. Patients were fully recovered from all hemato-biochemical
adverse effects after 6 months of the MDT treatment completion. MDT was well tolerated in Saudi
leprosy patients with mild to moderate temporal hematological and biochemical adverse
reactions.
Keywords: Leprosy, Multi drug therapy, Adverse effects, Saudi population
References:
[1] Noordeen, S.K., (1999), The future of leprosy elimination, Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact Dis.,
vol. 67, pp. 56-58.
[2] Declercq, E., (2009), Leprosy global statistics: beware of traps, Lepr. Rev., vol. 80, pp. 350352.
[3] Crawford, C.L., (2010), Leprosy in Brazil, Int. J., Dermatol, vol. 49, pp. 596-597.