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Hindi Grammar PDF
Hindi Grammar PDF
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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fganh O;kdj.k
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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fganh O;kdj.k
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lkfgR;okpLifr] O;kdj.kkpk;Z
izdk'ku laLFkku
u;h fnYyh&110002
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
2009
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izdk'kd
izdk'ku laLFkku
4715/21] n;kuUn ekxZ] nfj;kxat
u;h fnYyh&110 002
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
ISBN : 81-7714-329-8
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Hkwfedk
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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1- mUgksaus lkokkurkiwoZd viuh Hkk"kk ds fo"k; dk voyksdu fd;k vkSj tks fl)kar mUgsa feys
mudh LFkkiuk dhAMkW- HkkaMkjdjA
(vi)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkt rd fdlh ys[kd us laLr iz.kkyh dk dksbZ
iw.kZ vkn'kZ mifLFkr ugha fd;kA orZeku iz.kkyh ds izpkj dk nwljk dkj.k ;g
gS fd blesa Li"Vrk vkSj ljyrk fo'ks"k :i ls ikbZ tkrh gS vkSj lw=k rFkk Hkk";]
nksuksa ,sls feys jgrs gSa fd ,d gh ys[kd iwjk O;kdj.k] fo'kn :i esa fy[k ldrk
gSA fganh Hkk"kk ds fy, og fnu lpeqp cM+s xkSjo dk gksxk] tc bldk O;kdj.k
^v"Vk;k;h* vkSj ^egkHkk";* ds fefJr :i esa fy[kk tk;xk] ^ij og fnu vHkh
cgqr nwj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g dk;Z esjs fy, rks] vYiKrk ds dkj.k] nqLrj gS(
ij bldk lEiknu rHkh laHko gksxk] tc laLr ds vf}rh; oS;kdj.k fganh dks
,d Lora=k vkSj mUur Hkk"kk le>dj blds O;kdj.k dk vuq'khyu djsaxsA tc
rd ,slk ugha gqvk gS] rc rd blh O;kdj.k ls bl fo"k; ds vHkko dh iwfrZ
gksus dh vk'kk dh tk ldrh gSA ;gk ;g dg nsuk Hkh vko';d tku iM+rk gS
fd bl iqLrd esa lHkh txg vxjsth O;kdj.k dk vuqdj.k ugha fd;k x;k gSA
blesa ;FkklaHko laLr iz.kkyh dk Hkh vuqlj.k fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;FkkLFkku vxjsth
O;kdj.k ds dqN nks"k Hkh fn[kk, x, gSaA
esjk fopkj Fkk fd bl iqLrd esa eSa fo'ks"kdj ^dkjdksa* vkSj ^dkyksa* dk
foospu laLr dh 'kq) iz.kkyh ds vuqlkj djrk( ij fganh esa bu fo"k;ksa dh
:f<+ vxjsth ds lekxe ls] vHkh rd bruh izcy gS fd eq>s lglk bl izdkj
dk ifjorZu djuk mfpr u tku iM+kA fganh esa O;kdj.k dk iBu&ikBu vHkh
ckY;koLFkk gh esa gS( blfy, bl ubZ iz.kkyh ds dkj.k bl :[ks fo"k; ds vkSj
Hkh :[ks gks tkus dh vk'kadk FkhA blh dkj.k eSaus ^foHkfDr;ksa* vkSj ^vk[;kuksa*
ds cnys ^dkjdksa* vkSj ^dkyksa* dk ukeksYys[k rFkk fopkj fd;k gSA ;fn vko';drk
tku iM+sxh rks ;s fo"k; fdlh vxys laLdj.k esa ifjorZu dj fn, tkosaxsA rc
rd laHkor% foHkfDr;ksa dks ewy 'kCnksa esa feykdj fy[kus ds fo"k; esa dqN loZlEer
fu'p; gks tk;xkA
bl iqLrd esa] tSlk fd xzaFk esa vU;=k i`"B 78 ij dgk gS] vfkdka'k
esa ogh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn j[ks x, gSa] tks fganh esa ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* ds }kjk izpfyr
gks x, gSaA ;FkkFkZ esa ;s lc 'kCn laLr O;kdj.k ds gSa] ftlls eSaus vkSj Hkh dqN
'kCn fy, gSaA FkksM+s cgqr vko';d ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn ejkBh rFkk cxyk Hkk"kkvksa
ds O;kdj.kksa ls fy, x, gSa vkSj mi;qZDr 'kCnksa ds vHkko esa dqN 'kCnksa dh jpuk
eSaus Lo;a dh gSA
O;kdj.k dh mi;ksfxrk vkSj vko';drk bl iqLrd esa ;FkkLFkku crykbZ
xbZ gS] rFkkfi ;gk bruk dguk mfpr tku iM+rk gS fd fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ds O;kdj.k
dk fuekZ.k mlds lkfgR; dh iwfrZ dk dkj.k gksrk gS vkSj mldh izxfr esa lgk;rk
nsrk gSA Hkk"kk dh lkk Lora=k gksus ij Hkh O;kdj.k mldk lgk;d vuq;k;h cudj
(vii)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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mls le;≤ vkSj LFkku&LFkku ij tks vko';d lwpuk, nsrk gS] mlls Hkk"kk
dk ykHk gksrk gSA ftl izdkj fdlh laLFkk ds larks"kiwoZd pyus ds fy, loZlEer
fu;eksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS] mlh izdkj Hkk"kk dh papyrk nwj djus vkSj mls
O;ofLFkr :i esa j[kus ds fy, O;kdj.k gh izkku vkSj loksZke lkku gSA fganh
Hkk"kk ds fy, og fu;a=k.k vkSj Hkh vko';d gS] D;ksafd bldk Lo:i miHkk"kkvksa
dh [khapkrkuh esa vfuf'pr lk gks jgk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k dk izkjfEHkd bfrgkl vakdkj esa iM+k gqvk gSA fganh Hkk"kk
ds iwoZ:i ^viHkza'k* dk O;kdj.k gsepanz us ckjgoha 'krkCnh esa fy[kk gS] ij fganh
O;kdj.k ds izFke vkpk;Z dk irk ugha yxrkA blesa lUnsg ugha fd fganh ds vkjaHk
dky esa O;kdj.k dh vko';drk ugha Fkh] D;ksafd ,d rks Lo;a Hkk"kk gh ml le;
viw.kkZoLFkk esa Fkh vkSj nwljs] ys[kdksa dks viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ds Kku vkSj iz;ksx ds
fy, ml le; O;kdj.k dh fo'ks"k vko';drk izrhr ugha gksrh FkhA ml le;
ys[kksa esa x| dk vfkd izpkj u gksus ds dkj.k Hkk"kk ds fl)karksa dh vksj laHkor%
yksxksa dk ;ku Hkh ugha tkrk FkkA tks gks] fganh ds vkfn oS;kdj.k dk irk yxkuk
Lora=k [kkst dk fo"k; gSA eq>s tgk rd iqLrdksa ls irk yx ldk gS] fganh O;kdj.k
ds vkfn fuekZrk os vxjst Fks] ftUgsa bZloh lu~ dh mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds vkjaHk
esa bl Hkk"kk ds fofkor~ v;;u dh vko';drk gqbZ FkhA ml le; dydks
ds QksVZ fofy;e dkWyst ds v;{k MkW- fxykbLV us vxjsth esa fganh dk ,d
O;kdj.k fy[kk FkkA mUgha ds le; esa izselkxj ds jpf;rk yYyw th yky us ^dok;n*
ds uke ls fganh O;kdj.k dh ,d NksVh iqLrd jph FkhA eq>s bu nksuksa iqLrdksa
dks ns[kus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr ugha gqvk( ij budk mYys[k vxjsth ds fy[ks fganh
O;kdj.k esa rFkk fganh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa ik;k tkrk gSA
yYyw th yky ds O;kdj.k ds yxHkx 25 o"kZ i'pkr~ dydks ds iknjh
vkne lkgc us fganh O;kdj.k dh ,d NksVh lh iqLrd fy[kh tks dbZ o"kks rd
Ldwyksa esa izpfyr jghA bl iqLrd esa vxjsth O;kdj.k ds <ax ij fganh O;kdj.k
ds dqN lkkkj.k fu;e fn, x, gSaA iqLrd dh Hkk"kk iqjkuh] iafMrk vkSj fons'kh
ys[kd dh LokHkkfod Hkwyksa ls Hkjh gqbZ gSA blds ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn cxyk O;kdj.k
ls fy, x, tku iM+rs gSa vkSj fganh esa mUgsa le>krs le; fo"k; dh dbZ Hkwysa
Hkh gks xbZ gSaA
flikgh fonzksg ds ihNs f'k{kk foHkkx dh LFkkiuk gksus ij ia- jketlu dh
^Hkk"kk rRocksfkuh* izdkf'kr gqbZ] tks ,d lkkkj.k iqLrd gS vkSj ftlesa dgha dgha
fganh vkSj laLr dh fefJr iz.kkfy;ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA blds ihNs iaJh yky dk ^Hkk"kkpanzksn;* izdkf'kr gqvk ftlesa fganh O;kdj.k ds dqN vfkd
fu;e ik, tkrs gSaA fQj lu~ 1869 bZloh esa ckcw uohupanz jk; r ^uohu panzksn;*
(viii)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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fudykA jk; egk'k; iatkc fuoklh caxkyh vkSj ogk ds f'k{kk foHkkx ds mPp
deZpkjh FksA vkius viuh iqLrd esa ^Hkk"kkpanzksn;* dk mYys[k dj mlds fo"k;
esa tks dqN fy[kk gS] mlls vkidh fr dk irk yxrk gSA vki fy[krs gS^Hkk"kkpa
a
nkz ns ;*
dh jhfr LokHkkfod gS( ij blesa lkekU; ok vuko';d fo"k;ksa dk foLrkj fd;k
x;k gS] vkSj tks vR;ar vko';d Fkk vFkkZr~ laLr 'kCn tks Hkk"kk esa O;or
gksrs gSa] muds fu;e ;gk ugha fn, x,A ^uohu panzksn;* esa Hkh laLr iz.kkyh
dk vkaf'kd vuqlj.k ik;k tkrk gSA blds i'pkr~ ia- gfjxksiky ik;s us viuh
^Hkk"kkrRonhfidk* fy[khA ik;s egk'k; egkjk"Vh Fks( vr,o mUgksaus ejkBh O;kdj.k
ds vuqlkj dkjd vkSj foHkfDr dk foospu] laLr dh jhfr ij fd;k gS vkSj
dbZ ,d ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn ejkBh O;kdj.k ls fy, gSaA iqLrd dh Hkk"kk esa LoHkkor%
ejkBhiu ik;k tkrk gSA ;g iqLrd cgqr dqN vxjsth <ax ij fy[kh xbZ gSA
yxHkx blh le; lu~ 1875 bZ- esa jktk f'koizlkn dk ^fganh O;kdj.k*
fudykA bl iqLrd esa nks fo'ks"krk, gSaA igyh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd iqLrd vxjsth
<ax dh gksus ij Hkh blesa laLr O;kdj.k ds lw=kksa dk vuqdj.k fd;k x;k gS(
vkSj nwljh ;g fd fganh ds O;kdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk ukxjh v{kjksa esa] mnwZ dk Hkh
O;kdj.k fn;k x;k gSA bl le; fganh vkSj mnwZ ds Lo:i ds fo"k; esa okn&fookn
mifLFkr gks x;k Fkk vkSj jktk lkgc nksuksa cksfy;ksa dks ,d cukus ds iz;Ru esa
vxqvk Fks] blhfy, vkidks ,slk nksgjk O;kdj.k cukus dh vko';drk gqbZA blh
le; HkkjrsUnq gfj'panz th us cPpksa ds fy, ,d NksVk lk fganh O;kdj.k fy[kdj
bl fo"k; dh mi;ksfxrk vkSj vko';drk fl) dj nhA
blds ihNs iknjh ,FkfjaxVu lkgc dk izfl) O;kdj.k ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* izdkf'kr
gqvk] ftldh lkk 40 o"kZ ls vkt rd ,d lh vVy cuh gqbZ gSA vfkdka'k
esa nwf"kr gksus ij Hkh bl iqLrd ds vkkkj vkSj vuqdj.k ij fganh ds dbZ NksVs&eksVs
O;kdj.k cus vkSj curs tkrs gSaA1 ;g iqLrd vxjsth <ax ij fy[kh xbZ gS vkSj
ftu iqLrdksa esa bldk vkkkj ik;k tkrk gS] muesa Hkh bldk <ax fy;k x;k gSA
fganh esa ;g vxjsth iz.kkyh bruh fiz; gks xbZ fd bls NksM+us dk iwjk iz;Ru vkt
rd ugha fd;k x;kA ejkBh] xqtjkrh] cxyk vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ds O;kdj.kksa esa Hkh
cgqkk blh iz.kkyh dk vuqdj.k ik;k tkrk gSA
bkj xr 25 o"kks ds Hkhrj fganh ds NksVs eksVs dbZ ,d O;kdj.k izdkf'kr
gq, gSa] ftuesa fo'ks"k mYys[k;ksX; ia- ds'kojke Hk r ^fganh O;kdj.k*] Bkdqj
1- ^fganh O;kdj.k* vkSj mlds laf{kIr laLdj.k izdkf'kr gksus rFkk budh udy djds dbZ O;kdj.k
cuus ds dkj.k ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* dk izpkj cgqr ?kV x;k gSA
(ix)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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cgqkk LorU=krk dk nq#i;ksx fd;k djrs gSa vkSj O;kdj.k ds 'kklu dk vH;kl
u gksus ds dkj.k bl fo"k; ds mfpr vkns'kksa dks Hkh ijkkhurk eku ysrs gSaA izk;%
yksx bl ckr dks Hkwy tkrs gSa fd lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk lHkh ns'kksa vkSj dkyksa esa ys[kdksa
dh ekr`Hkk"kk vFkok cksypky dh Hkk"kk ls FkksM+k cgqr fHkUu jgrh gS vkSj og
ekr`Hkk"kk ds leku] vH;kl gh ls vkrh gSA ,slh voLFkk esa dsoy Lora=krk ds
vkns'k ls o'khHkwr gksdj f'k"V Hkk"kk ij fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa vFkok izkarh; cksfy;ksa
dk vfkdkj pykuk ,d izdkj dh jk"Vh; vjktdrk gSA ;fn Lo;a ys[kdx.k]
viuh lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk dks ;ksX; v;;u vkSj vuqdj.k ls f'k"V] Li"V vkSj
izkekf.kd cukus dh ps"Vk u djsaxs rks oS;kdj.k ^iz;ksx'kj.k* dk fl)kar dgk rd
eku ldsxk\ eSaus vius O;kdj.k esa izlaxkuqjksk ls izkarh; cksfy;ksa dk FkksM+k&cgqr
fopkj djds] dsoy lkfgfR;d fganh dk foospu fd;k gSA iqLrd esa fo"k; foLrkj
ds }kjk ;g iz;Ru Hkh fd;k x;k gS fd fganh ikBdksa dh #fp O;kdj.k dh vksj
izo`k gksA bu lc iz;Ruksa dh lQyrk dk fu.kZ; foK ikBd gh dj ldrs gSaA
bl iqLrd esa ,d fo'ks"k =kqfV jg xbZ gS] tks dkykarj gh esa nwj gks ldrh
gS] tc fganh Hkk"kk dh iwjh vkSj oSKkfud [kkst dh tk;xhA esjh le> esa fdlh
Hkh Hkk"kk ds lokxiw.kZ O;kdj.k esa ml Hkk"kk ds :ikarjksa vkSj iz;ksxksa dk bfrgkl
fy[kuk vko';d gSA ;g fo"k; bl O;kdj.k esa u vk ldk] D;ksafd fganh Hkk"kk
ds vkjaHkdky esa] le;≤ ij izk;% ,d ,d 'krkCnh esa cnyusokys :iksa vkSj
iz;ksxksa ds izkekf.kd mnkgj.k] tgk rd eq>s irk yxk gS] miyCk ugha gSa] fQj
bl fo"k; ds ;ksX; izfriknu ds fy, 'kCn'kkL=k dh fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk dh Hkh
vko';drk gSA ,slh voLFkk esa eSaus ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa fganh Hkk"kk ds bfrgkl
ds cnys fganh lkfgR; dk laf{kIr bfrgkl nsus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA ;FkkFkZ esa ;g
ckr vuqfpr vkSj vko';d izrhr gksrh gS fd Hkk"kk ds lEiw.kZ :iksa vkSj iz;ksxksa
dh ukekoyh ds LFkku esa dfo;ksa vkSj ys[kdksa rFkk muds xzaFkksa dh 'kq"d ukekoyh
nh tk;A eSaus ;g fo"k; dsoy blfy, fy[kk gS fd ikBdksa dks] izLrkouk ds :i
esa] viuh Hkk"kk dh egkk dk FkksM+k cgqr vuqeku gks tk;A
fganh ds O;kdj.k dk loZlEer gksuk ije vko';d gSA bl fopkj ls dk'kh
ukxjhizpkfj.kh lHkk us bl iqLrd dks nksgjkus ds fy, ,d la'kksku lfefr fuokZfpr
dh FkhA mlus xr n'kgjs dh NqfV~V;ksa esa viuh cSBd dh] vkSj vko';d fdarq
lkkkj.k ifjorZu ds lkFk bl O;kdj.k dks loZlEefr ls Lohr dj fy;kA ;g
ckr ys[kd] fganh Hkk"kk vkSj fganhHkkf"k;ksa ds fy, vR;ar ykHknk;d vkSj egoiw.kZ
gSA bl lfefr ds fuEufyf[kr lnL;ksa us cSBd esa Hkkx ysdj iqLrd la'kkskukfn
dk;ks esa vewY; lgk;rk nh gS
vkpk;Z ia- egkohjizlkn f}osnhA
(xi)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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tcyiqj
clariapeh
laor~ 1977
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(xii)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
fuosnd
dkerkizlkn xq#
(xiii)
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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[kM+MkW
s - ';kelqna jnkl] ia- jkeukjk;.k feJ] vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy
cSBJh
s txUukFknkl jRukdj] Jh dkerkizlkn xq#] ia- egkohjizlkn f}osnh] ia- yTtk'kadj >k] ia- pan/z kj'kekZ xqyjs h
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
vuqe
1-
izLrkouk
1 Hkk"kk
2 Hkk"kk vkSj O;kdj.k
3 O;kdj.k dh lhek
4 O;kdj.k ls ykHk
5 O;kdj.k ds foHkkx
fganh dh mRifk
1 vkfne Hkk"kk
2 vk;ZHkk"kk,
3 laLr vkSj izkr
4 fganh
5 fganh vkSj mnwZ
6 rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCn
7 ns'kt vkSj vuqdj.kokpd 'kCn
8 fons'kh 'kCn
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Hkwfedk
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igyk Hkkx
o.kZfopkj
igyk v/;k;o.kZekyk
nwljk v/;k;fyfi
rhljk v/;k;o.kks dk mPpkj.k vkSj oxhZdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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nwljk Hkkx
'kCnlk/ku
igyk ifjPNsn&'kCnHksn
lo
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igyk v/;k;'kCnfopkj
nwljk v/;k;'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k
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pkSFkk v/;k;Lojk?kkr
ikpok v/;k;lafk
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nwljk [kaMvO;;
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hi
nwljk ifjPNsn:ikarj
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igyk v/;k;fyax
nwljk v/;k;opu
rhljk v/;k;dkjd
pkS/kk v/;k;loZuke
ikpok v/;k;fo'ks"k.k
NBk v/;k;f;k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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igyk v/;k;fo"k;kjaHk
nwljk v/;k;milxZ
rhljk v/;k;laLr izR;;
pkSFkk v/;k;fganh izR;;
ikpok v/;k;mnwZ izR;;
NBk v/;k;lekl
lkrok v/;k;iqu# 'kCn
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rhljk ifjPNsnO;qRifk
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rhljk Hkkx
okD;foU;kl
igyk ifjPNsnokD;jpuk
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igyk v/;k;izLrkouk
nwljk v/;k;dkjdksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx
rhljk v/;k;lkekfld vfkdj.k 'kCn
pkSFkk v/;k;ms';] deZ vkSj f;k dk vUo;
ikpok v/;k;loZuke
NBk v/;k;fo'ks"k.k vkSj laca k dkjd
lkrok v/;k;dkyksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx
vkBok v/;k;f;kFkZd laKk
uok v/;k;nar
nlok v/;k;la;Dq r f;k,
X;kjgok v/;k;vO;;
ckjgok v/;k;v;kgkj
rsjgok v/;k;ine
pkSngok v/;k;in&ifjp;
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nwljk ifjPNsnokD;i`FkDdj.k
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igyk v/;k;fo"k;kjaHk
nwljk v/;k;okD; vkSj okD;ksa esa Hksn
rhljk v/;k;lkkkj.k okD;
pkSFkk v/;k;feJ okD;
ikpok v/;k;la;Dq r okD;
NBk v/;k;laf{kIr okD;
lkrok v/;k;fo'ks"k izdkj ds okD;
vkBok v/;k;fojkefp
ifjf'k"V d dfork dh Hkk"kk
ifjf'k"V [k dkO;Lora=krk
ifjf'k"V x mnkr xzaFkksa ds ukeksa ds ladsr
ifjf'k"V ?k O;kdj.k la'kks/ku lfefr dh lEefr
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1- izLrkouk
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1 Hkk"kk
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Hkk"kk og lkku gS] ftlds }kjk euq"; vius fopkj nwljksa ij Hkyh&Hkkfr izdV
dj ldrk gS vkSj nwljksa ds fopkj vki Li"Vr;k le> ldrk gSA euq"; ds dk;Z
mlds fopkjksa ls mRiUu gksrs gSa vkSj bu dk;ks esa nwljksa dh lgk;rk vFkok lEefr
izkIr djus ds fy, mls os fopkj nwljksa ij izdV djus iM+rs gSaA txr~ dk vfkdka'k
O;ogkj] cksypky vFkok fy[kk i<+h ls pyrk gS] blfy, Hkk"kk txr~ ds O;ogkj
dk ewy gSA
cgjs vkSj xwxs euq"; vius fopkj ladsrksa ls izdV djrs gSaA cPpk dsoy
jksdj viuh bPNk tukrk gSA dHkh&dHkh dsoy eq[k dh ps"Vk ls euq"; ds fopkj
izdV gks tkrs gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ caxkyh yksx fcuk cksys gh ladsrksa ds }kjk ckrphr
djrs gSaA bu lc ladsrksa dks yksx Bhd&Bhd ugha le> ldrs vkSj u buls lc
fopkj Bhd&Bhd izdV gks ldrs gSaA bl izdkj dh lkadsfrd Hkk"kkvksa ls f'k"V
lekt dk dke ugha py ldrkA
i'kq&i{kh vkfn tks cksyh cksyrs gSa] mlls nq%[k] lq[k vkfn euksfodkjksa ds
flok vkSj dksbZ ckr ugha tkuh tkrhA euq"; dh Hkk"kk ls mlds lc fopkj Hkyh&Hkkfr
izdV gksrs gSa] blfy, og O;Dr Hkk"kk dgykrh gS( nwljh lc Hkk"kk, ;k cksfy;k
vO;Dr dgykrh gSaA
O;Dr Hkk"kk ds }kjk euq"; dsoy ,d nwljs ds fopkj gh ugha tku ysrs]
oju~ mldh lgk;rk ls muds u, fopkj Hkh mRiUu gksrs gSaA fdlh fo"k; dks
lksprs le; ge ,d izdkj dk ekufld lEHkk"k.k djrs gSa] ftlls gekjs fopkj
vkxs pydj Hkk"kk ds :i esa izdV gksrs gSaA blds flok Hkk"kk ls kkj.kk'kfDr
dh lgk;rk feyrh gSA ;fn ge vius fopkjksa dks ,d=k djds fy[k ysa rks
vko';drk iM+us ij ge ys[k :i esa mUgsa ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj cgqr le; chr
tkus ij Hkh gesa mudk Lej.k gks ldrk gSA Hkk"kk dh mUur ;k vour voLFkk
jk"Vh; mUufr ;k voufr dk izfrfcac gSA izR;sd u;k 'kCn ,d u;s fopkj dk
fp=k gS vkSj Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl ekuks mlds cksyusokyksa dk bfrgkl gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 19
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Hkk"kk fLFkj ugha jgrh( mlesa lnk ifjorZu gqvk djrs gSaA fo}kuksa dk vuqeku
gS fd dksbZ Hkh izpfyr Hkk"kk ,d gtkj o"kZ ls vfkd le; rd ,d lh ugha
jg ldrhA tks fganh ge yksx vktdy cksyrs gSa] og gekjs izfirkeg vkfn ds
le; esa Bhd blh :i esa u cksyh tkrh Fkh vkSj u mu yksxksa dh fganh oSlh Fkh]
tSlh egkjkt i`Fohjkt ds le; esa cksyh tkrh FkhA vius iwoZtksa dh Hkk"kk dh
[kkst djrs&djrs gesa var esa ,d ,slh fganh Hkk"kk dk irk yxsxk] tks gekjs fy,
,d vifjfpr Hkk"kk ds leku dfBu gksxhA Hkk"kk esa ;g ifjorZu khjs&khjs gksrk
gSbruk khjs&khjs fd og gedks ekywe ugha gksrk( ij var es]a ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k
ubZ&ubZ Hkk"kk, mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA
Hkk"kk ij LFkku] tyok;q vkSj lH;rk dk cM+k izHkko iM+rk gSA cgqr ls
'kCn tks ,d ns'k ds yksx cksy ldrs gSa] nwljs ns'k ds yksx r}r~ ugha cksy ldrsA
tyok;q esa gsj&Qsj gksus ls yksxksa ds mPpkj.k esa varj iM+ tkrk gSA blh izdkj
lH;rk dh mUufr ds dkj.k u,&u, fopkjksa ds fy, u,&u, 'kCn cukus iM+rs
gSa( ftlls Hkk"kk dk 'kCndks'k c<+rk tkrk gSA blds lkFk gh cgqr lh tkfr;k
vour gksrh tkrh gSa vkSj mPp Hkkoksa ds vHkko esa muds okpd 'kCn yqIr gksrs tkrs gSAa
fo}ku~ vkSj xzkeh.k euq";ksa dh Hkk"kk esa dqN varj jgrk gSA fdlh 'kCn
dk tSlk 'kq) mPpkj.k fo}ku~ iafMr djrs gSa] oSlk loZlkkkj.k yksx ugha dj ldrsA
blls izkku Hkk"kk fcxM+dj mldh 'kk[kk:i ubZ&ubZ cksfy;k cu tkrh gSAaS fHkUu&fHkUu
nks Hkk"kkvksa ds ikl&ikl cksys tkus ds dkj.k Hkh mu nksuksa ds esy ls ,d ubZ
cksyh mRiUu gks tkrh gSA
Hkk"kkxr fopkj izdV djus esa ,d fopkj ds izk;% dbZ va'k izdV djus
iM+rs gSaA mu lHkh va'kksa ds izdV djus ij ml leLr fopkj dk eryc vPNh
rjg le> esa vkrk gSA izR;sd iwjh ckr dks okD; dgrs gSaA izR;sd okD; esa izk;%
dbZ 'kCn jgrs gSaA izR;sd 'kCn ,d lkFkZd ofu gS tks dbZ ewy ofu;ksa ds ;ksx
ls curh gSA tc ge cksyrs gSa rc 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu
izdkj ds fopkjksa ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds 'kCnksa dks dke esa ykrs gSaA ;fn
ge 'kCn dk Bhd&Bhd mi;ksx u djsa rks gekjh Hkk"kk esa cM+h xM+cM+h iM+ tk;
vkSj laHkor% dksbZ gekjh ckr u le> ldsA gk] Hkk"kk esa ftu 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gS( os fdlh u fdlh dkj.k ls dfYir fd, x, gSa] rks Hkh tks 'kCn
ftl oLrq dk lwpd gS mldk blls] izR;{k esa] dksbZ lacak ughaA gk] 'kCnksa us
vius okP; inkFkkZfn dh Hkkouk dks vius esa ckk lk fy;k gS] ftlls 'kCnksa dk
mPpkj.k djrs gh] mu inkFkks dk cksk rRdky gks tkrk gSA dksbZ&dksbZ 'kCn dsoy
vuqdj.kokpd gksrs gSa( ij ftu lkFkZd 'kCnksa ls Hkk"kk curh gS( muds vkxs ;s
'kCn cgqr FkksM+s jgrs gSaA
20 / fganh O;kdj.k
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tc ge mifLFkr yksxksa ij vius fopkj izdV djrs gSa] rc cgqkk dfFkr Hkk"kk
dke esa ykrs gSa( ij tc gesa vius fopkj nwjorhZ euq"; ds ikl igqpkus dk dke
iM+rk gS( vFkok Hkkoh larfr ds fy, muds laxzg dh vko';drk gksrh gS( rc ge
fyf[kr Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk esa 'kCn dh ,d&,d ewy ofu
dks igpkuus ds fy, ,d&,d fp fu;r dj fy;k tkrk gS] ftls o.kZ dgrs gSaA
ofu dkuksa dk fo"k; gS( ij o.kZ vk[kksa dk] vkSj ofu dk izfrfufk gSA igys igy
dsoy cksyh gqbZ Hkk"kk dk izpkj Fkk] ij ihNs ls fopkjksa dks LFkk;h :i nsus ds fy,
dbZ izdkj dh fyfi;k fudkyh xbA o.kZfyfi fudkyus ds cgqr le; igys rd yksxksa
esa fp=kfyfi dk izpkj Fkk tks vktdy Hkh i`Foh ds dbZ Hkkxksa ds taxyh yksxksa esa
izpfyr gSA felz ds iqjkus [kaMgjksa vkSj xqQkvksa vkfn esa iqjkuh fp=kfyfi ds vusd
uewus ik, x, gSa] vkSj bUgha ls ogk dh o.kZekyk fudyh gSA bl ns'k esa Hkh dgha&dgha
,slh iqjkuh oLrq, feyh gSa ftu ij fp=kfyfi ds fp ekywe iM+rs gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ fo}ku~
;g vuqeku djrs gSa fd izkphu le; ds fp=kys[k ds fdlh&fdlh vo;o ds dqN
y{k.k orZeku o.kks ds vkdkj esa feyrs gStS
a ls ^g* esa gkFk vkSj ^x* esa xk; ds
vkdkj dk dqN u dqN vuqdj.k ik;k tkrk gSA ftl izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksa
esa ,d gh fopkj ds fy, cgqkk fHkUu&fHkUu 'kCn gksrs gSa( mlh izdkj ,d gh ewy
ofu ds fy, muesa fHkUu&fHkUu v{kj Hkh gksrs gSaA
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fdlh Hkk"kk dh jpuk dks ;kuiwoZd ns[kus ls tku iM+rk gS fd mlesa ftrus
'kCnksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS( os lHkh cgqkk fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds fopkj izdV djrs
gSa vkSj vius mi;ksx ds vuqlkj dksbZ vfkd vkSj dksbZ de vko';d gksrs gSaA
fQj] ,d gh fopkj dks dbZ :iksa esa izdV djus ds fy, 'kCnksa ds Hkh dbZ :ikarj
gks tkrs gSaA Hkk"kk esa ;g Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS fd dbZ 'kCn nwljs 'kCnksa ls curs gSa]
vkSj muesa ,d u;k gh vFkZ ik;k tkrk gSA okD; esa 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx fdlh fo'ks"k
e ls gksrk gS vkSj muesa :i vFkok vFkZ ds vuqlkj ijLij lacak jgrk gSA
bl voLFkk esa vko';d gS fd iw.kZrk vkSj Li"VrkiwoZd fopkj izdV djus ds
fy, 'kCnksa ds :iksa rFkk iz;ksxksa esa fLFkjrk vkSj lekurk gksA ftl 'kkL=k esa 'kCnksa
ds 'kq) :i vkSj iz;ksx ds fu;eksa dk fu:i.k gksrk gS mls O;kdj.k dgrs gSaA
O;kdj.k ds fu;e cgqkk fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk ds vkkkj ij fuf'pr fd, tkrs gSa(
D;ksafd muesa 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cksyh gqbZ Hkk"kk dh vis{kk vfkd lkokkuh ls fd;k
tkrk gSA O;kdj.k fo+vk+dj.k 'kCn dk vFkZ ^Hkyh&Hkkfr le>kuk* gSA O;kdj.k
esa os fu;e le>k, tkrs gSa tks f'k"V tuksa ds }kjk Lohr 'kCnksa ds :iksa vkSj
iz;ksxksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA
fganh O;kdj.k / 21
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4 O;kdj.k ls ykHk
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yksx cgqkk ;g le>rs gSa fd O;kdj.k i<+dj os 'kq)&'kq) cksyus vkSj fy[kus
dh jhfr lh[k ysrs gSaA ,slk le>uk iw.kZ :i ls Bhd ughaA ;g kkj.kk vfkdka'k
esa e`r vizpfyr Hkk"kkvksa ds lacak esa Bhd dgh tk ldrh gS ftuds v;;u
esa O;kdj.k ls cgqr dqN lgk;rk feyrh gSA ;g lp gS fd 'kCnksa dh cukoV
vkSj muds lacak dh [kkst esa Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx esa 'kq)rk vk tkrh gS( ij ;g ckr
xkS.k gSA O;kdj.k u i<+dj Hkh yksx 'kq)&'kq) cksyuk vkSj fy[kuk lh[k ldrs
gSaA dbZ vPNs ys[kd O;kdj.k ugha tkurss vFkok O;kdj.k tkudj Hkh ys[k fy[kus
esa mldk fo'ks"k mi;ksx ugha djrsA mUgksaus viuh ekr`Hkk"kk dk fy[kuk vH;kl
ls lh[kk gSA f'kf{kr yksxksa ds yM+ds fcuk O;kdj.k tkus 'kq) Hkk"kk lqudj gh
'kq) cksyuk lh[k ysrs gSa( ij vf'kf{kr yksxksa ds yM+ds O;kdj.k i<+ ysus ij Hkh
izk;% v'kq) gh cksyrs gSaA ;fn NksVk yM+dk dksbZ okD; 'kq) ugha cksy ldrk
rks mldh ek mls O;kdj.k dk fu;e ugha le>krh] oju~ 'kq) okD; crk nsrh
gS vkSj yM+dk oSlk gh cksyus yxrk gSA
dsoy O;kdj.k i<+us ls euq"; vPNk ys[kd ;k oDrk ugha gks ldrkA fopkjksa
dh lR;rk vFkok vlR;rk ls Hkh O;kdj.k dk dksbZ lacak ughaA Hkk"kk esa O;kdj.k
dh Hkwy u gksus ij Hkh fopkjksa dh Hkwy gks ldrh gS vkSj jkspdrk dk vHkko
jg ldrk gSA O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ls ge dsoy 'kCnksa dk 'kq) iz;ksx tkudj
vius fopkj Li"Vrk ls izdV dj ldrs gSa ftlls fdlh Hkh fopkjoku~ euq";
dks muds le>us esa dfBukbZ vFkok lUnsg u gksA
;gk vc ;g iz'u gks ldrk gS fd ;fn Hkk"kk O;kdj.k ds vkfJr ugha
vkSj ;fn O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ikdj gekjh Hkk"kk 'kq)] jkspd vkSj izkekf.kd
22 / fganh O;kdj.k
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ugha gks ldrh( rks mldk fuekZ.k djus vkSj mls i<+us ls D;k ykHk\ dqN yksxksa
dk ;g Hkh vk{ksi gS fd O;kdj.k ,d 'kq"d vkSj fu#i;ksxh fo"k; gSA bu iz'uksa
dk mkj ;g gS fd Hkk"kk ls O;kdj.k dk izk;% ogh lacak gS] tks izkfrd fodkjksa
ls foKku dk gSA oSKkfud yksx ;kuiwoZd l`f"Ve dk fujh{k.k djrs gSa vkSj
ftu fu;eksa dk izHkko os izkfrd fodkjksa esa ns[krs gSa] mUgha dks cgqkk fl)karor~
xzg.k dj ysrs gSaA ftl izdkj lalkj esa dksbZ Hkh izkfrd ?kVuk fu;e&fo#) ugha
gksrh( mlh izdkj Hkk"kk Hkh fu;e&fo#) ugha cksyh tkrhA oS;kdj.k bUgha fu;eksa
dk irk yxkdj fl)kar fLFkj djrs gSaA O;kdj.k esa Hkk"kk dh jpuk] 'kCnksa dh
O;qRifk] vkSj Li"VrkiwoZd fopkj izxV djus ds fy,] mudk 'kq) iz;ksx crk;k
tkrk gS] ftudks tkudj ge Hkk"kk ds fu;e tku ldrs gSa( vkSj mu Hkwyksa dk
dkj.k le> ldrs gSa] tks dHkh&dHkh fu;eksa dk Kku u gksus ds dkj.k vFkok
vlkokkuh ls] cksyus ;k fy[kus esa gks tkrh gSA fdlh Hkk"kk dk iw.kZ Kku gksus
ds fy, mldk O;kdj.k tkuuk Hkh vko';d gSA dHkh&dHkh rks dfBu vFkok
lafnXk Hkk"kk dk vFkZ dsoy O;kdj.k dh lgk;rk ls gh tkuk tk ldrk gSA blds
flok O;kdj.k ds Kku ls fons'kh Hkk"kk lh[kuk Hkh cgqkk lgt gks tkrk gSA
dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k O;kdj.k dks 'kkL=k ekurs gSa vkSj dksbZ&dksbZ mls dsoy
dyk le>rs gSa( ij ;FkkFkZ esa mldk lekos'k nksuksa Hksnksa esa gksrk gSA 'kkL=k ls
gesa fdlh fo"k; dk Kku fofkiwoZd gksrk gS vkSj dyk ls ge ml fo"k; dk mi;ksx
lh[krs gSaA O;kdj.k dks 'kkL=k blfy, dgrs gSa fd mlds }kjk ge Hkk"kk ds mu
fu;eksa dks [kkst ldrs gSa ftu ij 'kCnksa dk 'kq) iz;ksx voyfEcr gS vkSj og
dyk blfy, gS fd ge 'kq) Hkk"kk cksyus ds fy, mu fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gSAa
fopkjksa dh 'kq)rk rdZ'kkL=k ds Kku ls vkSj Hkk"kk dh jkspdrk lkfgR;&'kkL=k
ds Kku ls vkrh gSA
fganh O;kdj.k esa izpfyr lkfgfR;d fganh ds :ikarj vkSj jpuk ds cgqtuekU;
fu;eksa dk eiw.kZ laxzg jgrk gSA blesa izlaxo'k izkarh; vkSj izkphu Hkk"kkvksa dk
Hkh ;=k&r=k fopkj fd;k tkrk gS] ij og dsoy xkS.k :i esa vkSj rqyuk dh n`f"V
lsA
5 O;kdj.k ds foHkkx
Bo
O;kdj.k Hkk"kklacakh 'kkL=k gS] vkSj tSlk vU;=k i`- 20 ij dgk x;k gS]
Hkk"kk dk eq[; vax okD; gSA okD; 'kCnksa ls curk gS] vkSj 'kCn izk;% ewy ofu;ksa
lsA fy[kh gqbZ Hkk"kk esa ,d ewy ofu ds fy, izk;% ,d fp jgrk gS ftls o.kZ
dgrs gSaA o.kZ] 'kCn vkSj okD; ds fopkj ls O;kdj.k ds eq[; rhu foHkkx gksrs
gS1
a o.kZfopkj] 2 'kCnlkku vkSj 3 okD;foU;klA
fganh O;kdj.k / 23
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24 / fganh O;kdj.k
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fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa esa jgus okyh euq"; tkfr;ksa ds vkdkj] LoHkko vkfn dh ijLij
rqyuk djus ls Kkr gksrk gS fd muesa vk'p;Ztud vkSj vn~Hkqr lekurk gSA
fofnr gksrk gS fd l`f"V ds vkfn esa lc euq";ksa ds iwoZt ,d gh FksA os ,d
gh LFkku ij jgrs Fks vkSj ,d gh vkpkj&O;ogkj djrs FksA blh izdkj] ;fn
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds eq[;&eq[; fu;eksa vkSj 'kCnksa dh ijLij rqyuk dh tk;
rks muesa Hkh fofp=k lkn`'; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mlls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd ge lcds
iwoZt igys ,d gh Hkk"kk cksyrs FksA ftl izdkj vkfne LFkku ls i`Fkd~ gksdj yksx
tgk&rgk pys x, vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa esa foHkDr gks x,( mlh izdkj ml
vkfne Hkk"kk ls Hkh fdruh gh fHkUu fHkUu Hkk"kk, mRiUu gks xbA
dqN fo}kuksa dk vuqeku gS fd euq"; igys&igy ,f'k;k [kaM ds e; Hkkx
esa jgrk FkkA tSls&tSls mldh larfr c<+rh xbZ] e&e ls yksx viuk ewy LFkku
NksM+ vU; ns'kksa esa tk clsA blh izdkj ;g Hkh ,d vuqeku gS fd ukuk izdkj
dh Hkk"kk ,d gh ewy Hkk"kk ls fudyrh gSA ik'pkR; fo}ku~ igys ;g le>rs
Fks fd bczkuh Hkk"kk ls] ftlesa ;gwnh yksxksa ds keZxzaFk gSa] lc Hkk"kk, fudyh gSa]
ijarq mUgsa laLr dk Kku gksus vkSj 'kCnksa ds ewy :iksa dk irk yxus ls ;g Kkr
gqvk gS fd ,d ,slh vkfne Hkk"kk ls] ftldk irk yxuk dfBu gS] lalkj dh
lc Hkk"kk, fudyh gSa vkSj os rhu Hkkxksa esa ckVh tk ldrh gSa
1 vk;ZHkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa laLr] izkr vkSj mlls fudyh gqbZ Hkkjro"kZ
dh izpfyr vk;ZHkk"kk,] vxjsth] Qkjlh] ;wukuh] ySfVu vkfn Hkk"kk,
gSAa
2 'kkeh Hkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa bczkuh] vjch vkSj gC'kh Hkk"kk, gSaA
3 rwjkuh Hkk"kk, bl Hkkx esa eqxyh] phuh] tkikuh] nzkfoM+h nf{k.kh
fganqLrku dh Hkk"kk, vkSj rqdhZ vkfn Hkk"kk, gSaA
fganh O;kdj.k / 25
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t.c
om
2 vk;ZHkk"kk,
;wukuh
ikVsj
ekVsj
kVsj
fFkxkVsj
gSu
Mqvk
n`
vksuksek
,seh
fMMkseh
i.b
Qkjlh
finj
eknj
czknj
nq[rj
;d
nw
uke
ve
fnge
hi
nd
laLr ehMh
fir`
irj
ekr` erj
Hkzkr` ozrj
nqfgr` nqXkj
,d
;d
f}] nkS }
r`
Fk`
uke
uke
vfLe vf
nnkfe nkkfe
lo
gs
po
vu
Mqvks
n`
ukesu
le
fMMkseh
vxjsth fganh
Qknj firk
enj ekrk
cznj
HkkbZ
MkVj
kh
ou
,d
Vw
nks
Fkzh
rhu
use
uke
,se
gw
ns
Bo
ok
tc vk;Z yksx igys&igy Hkkjro"kZ esa vk, rc mudh Hkk"kk izkphu oSfnd
laLr FkhA bls nsook.kh Hkh dgrs gSa] D;ksafd osnksa dh vfkdka'k Hkk"kk ;gh gSA
26 / fganh O;kdj.k
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jkek;.k] egkHkkjr vkSj dkfynkl vkfn ds dkO; ftl ifjekftZr Hkk"kk esa gSa] og
cgqr ihNs dh gSA v"Vk;k;h vkfn O;kdj.kksa esa ^oSfnd* vkSj ^ykSfdd* ukeksa ls
nks izdkj dh Hkk"kkvksa dk mYys[k ik;k tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa ds fu;eksa esa cgqr dqN
varj gSA bu nksuksa izdkj dh Hkk"kkvksa esa fo'ks"krk, ;s gSa fd ,d rks laKk ds
dkjdksa dh foHkfDr;k la;ksxkRed gSa( vFkkZr~ dkjdksa esa Hksn djus ds fy, 'kCnksa
ds var esa vU; 'kCn ugha vkrs( tSls euq"; 'kCn dk laca kdkjd laLr esa
^euq";L;* gksrk gS] fganh dh rjg ^euq"; dk* ugha gksrkA nwljs] f;k ds iq#"k
vkSj opu esa Hksn djus ds fy, iq#"kokpd loZuke dk vFkZ f;k ds gh :i
ls izdV gksrk gS] pkgs mlds lkFk loZuke yxk gks ;k u yxk gks( tSl^xPNfr*
s
dk
vFkZ ^l% xPNfr og tkrk gS gksrk gSA ;g la;ksxkRedrk orZeku fganh ds dqN
loZukeksa esa vkSj laHkkO; Hkfo";r~dky esa ikbZ tkrh gS( tSleqs >]s fdls] jgw bR;kfnA
bl fo'ks"krk dh dksbZ&dksbZ ckr caxkyh cxyk Hkk"kk esa Hkh vc rd ikbZ tkrh
gS( tSls ^euq"L;sj* euq"; dk lacakdkjd esa vkSj ^dfgyke* eSaus dgk mke
iq#"k esaA vkxs pydj laLr dh ;g la;ksxkRedrk cnydj foPNsnkRedrk
gks xbZA
v'kksd ds f'kykys[kksa vkSj iratfy ds xzaFkksa ls tku iM+rk gS fd bZloh lu~
ds dksbZ rhu lkS cjl igys mkjh Hkkjr esa ,d ,slh Hkk"kk izpfyr Fkh ftlesa
fHkUu&fHkUu dbZ cksfy;k 'kkfey FkhaA fL=k;ksa] ckydksa vkSj 'kwnzksa ls vk;ZHkk"kk dk
mPpkj.k Bhd&Bhd u cuus ds dkj.k bl ubZ Hkk"kk dk tUe gqvk Fkk vkSj bldk
uke ^izkr* iM+kA ^izkr* 'kCn ^izfr* ewy 'kCn ls cuk gS vkSj mldk vFkZ
^LokHkkfod* ;k ^xokjh* gSA osnksa esa xkFkk uke ls tks NUn ik, tkrs gSa] mudh
Hkk"kk iqjkuh laLr ls dqN fHkUu gS] ftlls tku iM+rk gS fd osnksa ds le; esa
Hkh izkr Hkk"kk FkhA lqfo/kk ds fy, oSfnd dky dh bl izkr dks ge igyh
izkr dgsaxs vkSj ij ftl izkr dk mYys[k gqvk gS mls nwljh izkrA igyh
izkr gh us dbZ 'krkfCn;ksa ds ihNs nwljh izkr dk :i kkj.k fd;kA izkr
dk tks lcls iqjkuk O;kdj.k feyrk gS( og oj#fp dk cuk;k gSA oj#fp bZloh
lu~ ds iwoZ igyh lnh esa gks x, gSaA oSfnd dky ds fo}kuksa us nsook.kh dks izkr
Hkk"kk dh Hkz"Vrk ls cpkus ds fy, mldk laLdkj djds O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa ls
mls fu;fU=kr dj fn;kA bl ifjekftZr Hkk"kk dk uke ^laLr* gqvk] ftldk
vFkZ ^lqkkjk gqvk* vFkok ^cukoVh* gSA ;g laLr Hkh igyh izkr dh fdlh
'kk[kk ls 'kq) gksdj mRiUu gqbZ gSA laLr dks fu;fer djus ds fy, fdrus gh
O;kdj.k cus ftlesa ikf.kfu dk O;kdj.k lcls vfkd izfl) vkSj izpfyr gSA
fo}ku~ yksx ikf.kfu dk le; bZ- lu~ ds iwoZ lkroha lnh esa fLFkj djrs gSa vkSj
laLr dks muls lkS o"kZ ihNs rd izpfyr ekurs gSaA
fganh O;kdj.k / 27
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igyh izkr esa laLr dh la;ksxkRedrk rks oSlh gh Fkh] ijarq] O;atuksa ds
vfkd iz;ksx ds dkj.k mldh d.kZdVqrk cgqr c<+ xbZ FkhA igyh vkSj nwljh
izkr esa vU; Hksnksa ds flok ;g Hkh ,d Hksn gks x;k Fkk fd d.kZdVq O;atuksa
ds LFkku ij Lojksa dh ekqjrk vk xbZ( tSl^j?kq
s * dk ^jgq* vkSj ^thoyksd* dk
^thvyksv* gks x;kA
ckS) keZ ds izpkj ls nwljh izkr dh cM+h mUufr gqbZA vktdy ;g nwljh
izkr ikyh Hkk"kk ds uke ls izfl) gSA ikyh esa izkr dk tks :i Fkk mldk
fodkl khjs&khjs gksrk x;k vkSj dqN le; ckn mldh rhu 'kk[kk, gks xb( vFkkZr~
'kkSjlsuh] ekxkh vkSj egkjk"VhA 'kkSjlsuh Hkk"kk cgqkk ml izkar esa cksyh tkrh
Fkh] ftls vktdy mkj izns'k dgrs gSaA ekxkh exk ns'k vkSj fcgkj dh Hkk"kk
Fkh rFkk egkjk"Vh dk izpkj nf{k.k ds cacbZ] cjkj vkfn izkarksa esa FkkA fcgkj vkSj
mkj izns'k ds e; Hkkx esa ,d vkSj Hkk"kk Fkh ftldks vkZekxkh dgrs FksA og
'kkSjlsuh vkSj ekxkh ds esy ls cuh FkhA dgrs gSa] tSu rhFkdj egkohj Lokeh
blh vkZekxkh esa tSu keZ dk mins'k nsrs FksA iqjkus tSu xzaFk Hkh blh Hkk"kk esa
gSaA ckS) vkSj tSu keZ ds laLFkkidksa us vius keks ds fl)kar loZfiz; cukus ds
fy, vius xzaFk cksypky dh Hkk"kk vFkkZr~ izkr esa jps FksA fQj dkO;ksa vkSj ukVdksa
esa Hkh mldk iz;ksx gqvkA
FkksM+s fnuksa ds ihNs nwljh izkr esa Hkh ifjorZu gks x;kA fyf[kr izkr
dk fodkl #d x;k] ijarq dfFkr izkr fodflr vFkkZr~ ifjofrZr gksrh xbZA
fyf[kr izkr ds vkpk;ks us blh fodkliw.kZ Hkk"kk dk mYys[k viHkza'k uke ls
fd;k gSA ^viHkz'a k* 'kCn dk vFkZ ^fcxM+h gqbZ Hkk"kk* gSA ;s viHkz'a k Hkk"kk, fHkUu&fHkUu
izkarksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh FkhaA blds izpkj ds le; dk Bhd&Bhd irk ugha
yxrk( ij tks izek.k feyrs gSa] muls tkuk tkrk gS fd bZloh lu~ ds X;kjgosa
'krd rd viHkza'k Hkk"kk esa dfork gksrh FkhA izkr ds vafre oS;kdj.k gsepanz
us] tks ckjgosa 'krd esa gq, gSa] vius O;kdj.k esa viHkza'k dk mYys[k fd;k gSA
viHkza'kksa esa laLr vkSj nksuksa izkrksa ls Hksn gks x;k] mudh la;ksxkRedrk
tkrh jgh vkSj muesa foPNsnkRedrk vk xbZ( vFkkZr~ dkjdksa dk vFkZ izdV djus
ds fy, 'kCnksa esa foHkfDr;ksa ds cnys vU; 'kCn feyus vkSj f;k ds :i esa loZukeksa
dk cksk gksuk #d x;kA
izR;sd izkr ds viHkza'k i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ Fks vkSj os fHkUu&fHkUu izkarksa esa izpfyr
FksA Hkkjr dh izpfyr vk;ZHkk"kk, u laLr ls fudyh gSa vkSj u izkr ls( fdarq
viHkza'kksa lsA fyf[kr lkfgR; esa cgqkk ,d gh viHkza'k Hkk"kk dk uewuk feyrk
gS ftls ukxj viHkza'k dgrs gSaA bldk izpkj cgqr djds if'pe Hkkjr esa FkkA
bl viHkza'k esa dbZ cksfy;k 'kkfey Fkha tks Hkkjr ds mkj dh rjQ izk;% lexz
28 / fganh O;kdj.k
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if'peh Hkkx esa cksyh tkrh FkhaA gekjh fganh Hkk"kk nks viHkza'kksa ds esy ls cuh
gS,d ukxj viHkz'a k] ftlls if'peh fganh vkSj iatkch fudyh gS( nwljk vkZekxkh
dk viHkza'k ftlls iwohZ fganh fudyh gS vkSj tks vok] c?ksy[kaM vkSj Nkhlx<+
esa cksyh tkrh gSA
uhps fy[ks o`{k ls fganh Hkk"kk dh mRifk Bhd&Bhd izdV gks tk;xh
vkZekxkh
ukxj viHkza'k
ekxkh
vkZekxkh viHkza'k
if'peh fganh
iwohZ fganh
i.b
4 fganh
nd
izkr Hkk"kk, bZloh lu~ ds dksbZ vkB&ukS lkS o"kZ rd vkSj viHkza'k Hkk"kk,
X;kjgosa 'krd rd izpfyr FkhaA gsepanz ds izkr O;kdj.k esa fganh dh izkphu
dfork ds mnkgj.k1 ik, tkrs gSaA ftl Hkk"kk esa ewy ^i`Fohjktjklks* fy[kk x;k
gSA ^"kVHkk"kk*2 dk esy gSA bl ^dkO;* esa fganh dk iqjkuk :i ik;k tkrk gSA3 bu
Bo
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fganh O;kdj.k / 29
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mnkgj.kksa ls tku iM+rk gS fd gekjh orZeku fganh dk fodkl bZloh lu~ dh ckjgoha
lnh ls gqvk gSA ^f'koflag ljkst* esa iq"; uke ds ,d dfo dk mYys[k gS tks
^Hkk[kk dh tM+* dgk x;k gS] vkSj ftldk le; lu~ 713 bZ- fn;k x;k gSA ij
u rks bl dfo dh dksbZ jpuk feyh gS vkSj u ;g vuqeku gks ldrk gS fd ml
le; fganh Hkk"kk izkr vFkok viHkza'k ls i`Fkd~ gks xbZ FkhA ckjgosa 'krd esa Hkh
;g Hkk"kk vkcuh voLFkk esa Fkh] rFkkfi vjch] Qkjlh vkSj rqdhZ 'kCnksa dk izpkj
eqlyekuksa ds Hkkjr izos'k ds le; ls gksus yxk FkkA ;g izpkj ;gk rd c<+k
fd ihNs ls Hkk"kk ds y{k.k esa ^ikjlh* Hkh j[kh xbZA1
fo}ku~ yksx fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ds fodkl dks uhps fy[ks pkj Hkkxksa
esa ckVrs gSa
1- vkfn fganh ;g ml fganh dk uewuk gS tks viHkza'k ls i`Fkd~ gksdj
lkfgR;dk;Z ds fy, cu jgh FkhA ;g Hkk"kk nks dkyksa esa ckVh tk ldrh gS1
ohjdky 1200&1400 vkSj 2 keZdky 1400&1600A
ohjdky esa ;g Hkk"kk iw.kZ :i ls fodflr u gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldh dfork
dk izpkj vfkdrj jktiwrkus esa FkkA blds ckgj ds lkfgR; dh dksbZ fo'ks"k mUufr
ugha gqbZA mlh le; egkscs esa txfud dfo gqvk ftlds fdlh xzaFk ds vkkkj
ij ^vkYgk* dh jpuk gqbZA vktdy bl dkO; dh ewy Hkk"kk dk Bhd irk ugha
yx ldrk] D;ksafd fHkUu&fHkUu izkarksa ds ys[kdksa vkSj xoS;ksa us bls viuh cksfy;ksa
dk :i ns fn;k gSA fo}kuksa dk vuqeku gS fd bldh ewy Hkk"kk cqansy[kaMh Fkh
vkSj ;g ckr dfo dh tUeHkwfe cqansy[kaM esa gksus ls iq"V gksrh gSA
izkphu fganh dk le; crkusokyh nwljh jpuk HkDrksa ds lkfgR; esa ikbZ tkrh
gS] ftldk le; vuqeku ls 1400&1600 gSA bl dky ds ftu&ftu dfo;ksa ds
xzaFk vktdy yksxksa esa izpfyr gSa muesa cgqrsjs oS".ko Fks vkSj mUgha ds ekxZ&izn'kZu
ls iqjkuh fganh ds ml :i esa] ftls cztHkk"kk dgrs gSa( dfork jph xbZA oS".ko
fl)kar ds izpkj dk vkjaHk jkekuqt ls ekuk tkrk gS tks nf{k.k ds jgus okys
Fks vkSj vuqeku ls ckjgoha lnh esa gq, gSaA mkj Hkkjr esa ;g keZ jkekuan Lokeh
us QSyk;k] tks bl laiznk; ds izpkjd FksA budk le; lu~ 1400 bZloh ds yxHkx
ekuk tkrk gSA budh fy[kh dqN dfork, flD[kksa ds vkfnxzaFk esa feyrh gSa vkSj
buds jps gq, Hktu iwoZ esa fefFkyk rd izpfyr gSaA jkekuan ds psyksa esa dchj
Fks ftudk le; 1512 bZloh ds yxHkx gSA mUgksaus dbZ xzaFk fy[ks gSa ftuesa ^lk[kh*]
1- cztHkk"kk Hkk[kk #fpj dgSa lqefr lc dks;A
feyS laLr ikjL;kS iS vfrlqxe tq gks; dkO;fu.kZ;
30 / fganh O;kdj.k
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^'kCn*] ^js[rk* vkSj ^chtd* vfkd izfl) gSaA mudh Hkk"kk1 esa cztHkk"kk vkSj
fganh ds ml :ikarj dk esy gS] ftls yYyw th yky us lu~ 1803 esa ^[kM+hcksyh*
uke fn;k gSA dchj us tks dqN fy[kk gS( og keZ&lqkkjd dh n`f"V ls fy[kk gS]
ys[kd dh n`f"V ls ughaA blfy, mudh Hkk"kk lkkkj.k vkSj lgt gSA yxHkx
blh le; ehjkckbZ gqb] ftUgksaus ".k dh HkfDr esa cgqr lh dfork, dhaA budh
Hkk"kk dgha esokM+h] vkSj dgha cztHkk"kk gSA bUgksaus ^jkx xksfoan dh Vhdk* vkfn
xzaFk fy[ksA lu~ 1469 bZ- ls 1538 rd ckck ukud dk le; gSA ;s ukudiaFkh
lEiznk; ds izpkjd vkSj ^vkfnxzaFk* ys[kd gSaA bl xzaFk dh Hkk"kk iqjkuh iatkch
gksus ds cnys iqjkuh fganh gSA 'ksj'kkg 1540 ds vkJ; esa efyd eqgEen tk;lh
us ^ikor* fy[kh ftlesa lqYrku vykmhu ds fpkkSj dk fdyk ysus ij ogk ds
jktk jrulsu dh jkuh ikorh ds vkRe?kkr dh ,sfrgkfld dFkk gS2A bl iqLrd
dh Hkk"kk vokh gSA
oS".ko keZ dk ,d vkSj Hksn gS ftlesa yksx Jh".k dks viuk b"Vnso ekurs
gSaA bl laiznk; ds laLFkkid oYyHk Lokeh Fks] ftuds iwoZt nf{k.k ds jgusokys
FksA oYyHk Lokeh us lksygoha lnh ds vkfn esa mkj Hkkjr esa vius er dk izpkj
fd;kA buds vkB f'k"; Fks tks ^v"VNki* ds uke ls izfl) gSaA ;s vkBksa dfo
czt esa jgrs Fks vkSj cztHkk"kk esa dfork djrs FksA buesa lwjnkl eq[; gSaA ftudk
le; lu~ 1550 bZ- ds yxHkx gSA dgrs gSa] bUgksaus lok yk[k in3 fy[ks gSa ftudk
laxzg ^lwjlkxj* uked xzaFk esa gSA bl iaFk ds pkSjklh xq#vksa dk o.kZu ^pkSjklh
oS".kou dh okrkZ* uked xzaFk esa ik;k tkrk gSA tks cztHkk"kk ds x| esa fy[kk
x;k gS( ij bl xzaFk dk le; fuf'pr ugha gSA
vdcj 1556&1605 bZ- ds le; esa cztHkk"kk dh dfork dh vPNh mUufr
gqbZA vdcj Lo;a cztHkk"kk esa dfork djrs Fks vkSj muds njckj esa fganw dfo;ksa
ds leku jghe] QSth Qghe vkfn eqlyeku dfo Hkh bl Hkk"kk esa jpuk djrs
Bo
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fganh O;kdj.k / 31
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FksA fganw dfo;ksa esa VksMjey] chjcy] ujgfj] gfjukFk] djus'k vkSj xax vkfn vfkd
izfl) FksA
2- e; fganh;g fganh dfork ds lR;;qx dk uewuk gS tks vuqeku ls
lu~ 1600 ls ysdj 1800 bZ- rd jgkA bl dky esa dsoy dfork vkSj Hkk"kk
gh dh mUufr ugha gqbZ oju~ lkfgR; fo"k; ds Hkh vusd mke vkSj mi;ksxh xzaFk
fy[ks x,A e; fganh ds dfo;ksa esa lcls izfl) xqlkb rqylhnkl th gq,( ftudk
le; lu~ 1573 ls 1624 bZ- rd gSA mUgksaus fganh esa ,d egkdkO; fy[kdj Hkk"kk
dk xkSjo c<+k;k vkSj loZlkkkj.k esa oS".ko keZ dk izpkj fd;kA jke ds vuU;
HkDr gksus ij Hkh xkslkb th us f'ko vkSj jke esa Hksn ugha ekuk vkSj er erkUrj
dk fookn ugha c<+k;kA oSjkX; o`fk ds dkj.k mUgksaus Jh".k dh HkfDr vkSj yhykvksa
ds fo"k; esa cgqr ugha fy[kk] rFkkfi ^".k xhrkoyh esa bu fo"k;ksa ij ;Fks"V
vkSj euksgj jpuk dh gSA
rqylhnkl us ,sls le; esa jkek;.k dh jpuk dh tc eqxy jkT; n`<+ gks
jgk Fkk vkSj fganw lekt ds caku vuhfr ds dkj.k <hys gks jgs FksA euq"; ds
ekufld fodkjksa dk tSlk vPNk fp=k rqylhnkl us [khapk gS] oSlk vkSj dksbZ ugha
[khap ldkA
jkek;.k dh Hkk"kk vokh gS( ij og cSlokM+h ls fo'ks"k feyrh&tqyrh gSA
xkslkb th ds vkSj xzaFkksa esa vfkdka'k cztHkk"kk gSA
bl dky ds nwljs izfl) dfo ds'konkl] fcgkjhyky] Hkw"k.k] efrjke vkSj
ukHkknkl gSaA
ds'konkl izFke dfo gSa ftUgksaus lkfgR; fo"k;d xzaFk jpsA bl fo"k; ds
buds xzaFk ^dfofiz;k*] ^jfldfiz;k* vkSj ^jkekyareatjh* gSaA ^jkepafnzdk* vkSj
^foKkuxhrk* Hkh buds izfl) xzaFk gSaA budh Hkk"kk esa laLr 'kCnksa dh cgqrk;r
gSA budh ;ksX;rk dh rqyuk lwjnkl vkSj rqylhnkl ls dh tkrh gSA budk ej.kdky
vuqeku ls lu~ 1612 bZloh gSA fcgkjhyky us 1650 bZloh ds yxHkx ^lrlbZ*
lekIr dhA bl xzaFkjRu esa dkO; ds izk;% lc xq.k fo|eku gSaA bldh Hkk"kk 'kq)
cztHkk"kk gSA ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* ij dbZ dfo;ksa us Vhdk, fy[kh gSaA Hkw"k.k us 1671
bZ- esa ^f'kojktHkw"k.k* cuk;k vkSj dbZ vU; xzaFk fy[ksA buds xzaFkksa esa ns'kHkfDr
vkSj kekZfHkeku [kwc fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA budh dqN dfork, [kM+h cksyh esa Hkh gSa
vkSj vfkdka'k dfork, ohj jl ls Hkjh gqbZ gSaA fparkef.k vkSj efrjke Hkw"k.k
ds HkkbZ Fks] tks Hkk"kklkfgR; ds vkpk;Z ekus tkrs gSaA ukHkknkl tkfr ds Mkse Fks
vkSj rqylhnkl ds ledkyhu FksA bUgksaus cztHkk"kk esa ^HkDreky* uked iqLrd
fy[kh ftlesa vusd oS".ko HkDrksa dk laf{kIr o.kZu gSA
bl dky ds mkjkkZ 1700&1800 bZloh esa jkT;kafr ds dkj.k dfork
32 / fganh O;kdj.k
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laiw.kZ ns'k esa mldk izpkj jk"VHkk"kk ds :i esa dj jgh gSA mlus dbZ ,d mi;ksxh
iqLrdsa Hkh izdkf'kr dh gSaA
bl dky ds vkSj izfl) ys[kd jktk y{e.kflag] ia- vfEcdknk O;kl]
jktk f'koizlkn vkSj Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz gSaA bu lc esa Hkkjrsanq th dk vklu pk
gSA mUgksaus dsoy 35 o"kZ dh vk;q esa dbZ fo"k;ksa dh vusd iqLrdsa fy[kdj fganh
dk midkj fd;k vkSj Hkkoh ys[kdksa dks viuh ekr`Hkk"kk dh mUufr dk ekxZ crk;kA
Hkkjrsanq ds i'pkr~ orZeku dky esa lcls izfl) ys[kd vkSj dfo ia- egkohj izlkn
f}osnh] ia- Jhkj ikBd] ia- v;ks;kflag mik;k; vkSj ckcw eSfFkyh'kj.k gSa] ftUgksaus
mPp dksfV ds vusd xzaFk fy[kdj fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk xkSjo c<+k;k gSA
vkkqfud dky ds vU; izfl) ys[kd izsepan] ia- lqfe=kkuanu iar] ckcw t;'kadj
izlkn] ia- lw;d
Z kar f=kikBh] ia- ek[kuyky prqonZs h] misna uz kFk v'd] ;'kiky] uannqykjs
oktis;h] tSusanzdqekj fnudj] cPpu] ';kelqanj nkl] jkepanz 'kqDy vkSj jkepanz
oekZ gSaA dof;f=k;ksa esa Jherh egknsoh oekZ vkSj lqHknzkdqekjh pkSgku izfl) gSaA
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^fganh* uke ls tks Hkk"kk fganqLrku esa izfl) vkSj izpfyr gS] mlds uke]
:i vkSj foLrkj ds fo"k; esa fo}kuksa dk erHksn gSA dbZ yksxksa dh jk; esa fganh
vkSj mnwZ ,d gh Hkk"kk gS vkSj dbZ yksxksa dh jk; esa nksuksa vyx&vyx nks cksfy;k
gSaA jktk f'koizlkn ln`'k egk'k;ksa dh ;qfDr ;g gS fd 'kgjksa vkSj ikB'kkykvksa
esa fganw vkSj eqlyeku dqN lkekftd rFkk keZlacakh vkSj oSKkfud 'kCnksa dks NksM+dj
izk;% ,d gh Hkk"kk esa ckrphr djrs gSa vkSj ,d nwljs ds fopkj iw.kZr;k le>
ysrs gSaA blds fo#) jktk y{e.k flag ln`'k fo}kuksa dk i{k ;g gS fd ftu
nks tkfr;ksa dk keZ] O;ogkj] fopkj] lH;rk vkSj ms'; ,d ugha gS] mudh Hkk"kk
iw.kZr;k ,d dSls gks ldrh gS\ tks gks] lkkkj.k yksxksa esa vkt dy fganqLrkfu;ksa
dh Hkk"kk fganh vkSj eqlyekuksa dh Hkk"kk mnwZ izfl) gSA Hkk"kk dk eqlyekuh :ikarj
dsoy fganh esa ugha] oju~ cxyk] xqtjkrh] vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
^fganh Hkk"kk dh mRifk* uked iqLrd ds vuqlkj fganh vkSj mnwZ fganqLrkuh dh 'kk[kk,
gSa] tks if'peh fganh dk ,d Hksn gSA bl Hkk"kk dk ^fganqLrkuh* uke vxjstksa
dk j[kk gqvk gS vkSj mlls cgqkk mnwZ dk cksk gksrk gSA fganw yksx bl 'kCn dks
^fganqLrkuh* dgrs gSa vkSj bls cgqkk ^fganh cksyus okyh ^tkfr* ds vFkZ esa iz;qDr
djrs gSaA
fganh dbZ ukeksa ls izfl) gS( tSlHkk"kk]
s
fganoh fganbq Z ] fganh] [kM+h cksyh
vkSj ukxjhA blh izdkj eqlyekuksa dh Hkk"kk ds Hkh dbZ uke gSaA og fganqLrkuh]
mnwZ] js[rk vkSj nfD[kuh dgykrh gSA buesa ls cgqr ls uke nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa dk
34 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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1- lu~ 1846 esa nwljh ckj Nih ^inkFkZ fo|klkj* uked iqLrd esa ^fganh Hkk"kk* dk uke vk;k gSA
2- cztHkk"kk ds vksdkjkar :iksa ls feyku djus ij fganh ds vkdkjkar :i ^[kM+s* tku iM+rs gSaA cqansy[kaM
esa bl Hkk"kk dks ^Bk<+h cksyh* ;k ^rqdhZ* dgrs gSaA
3- r#oj ls ,d frfj;k mrjh] mlus [kwc fj>k;kA
cki dk mlds uke tks iwNk] vkkk uke crk;k
vkkk uke firk ij okdk] viuk uke fucksjhA
vehj [kqljks ;ksa dgSa cw> igsyh eksjh
fganh O;kdj.k / 35
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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FksA tc nsgyh ds cktkj esa rqdZ] vQxku vkSj Qkjlokyksa dk laidZ fganqvksa ls
gksus yxk] vkSj os yksx fganh 'kCnksa ds cnys vjch] Qkjlh ds 'kCnksa dks cgqrk;r
ls feykus yxs] rc js[rk us nwljk gh :i kkj.k fd;k] vkSj mldk uke ^mnwZ*
iM+kA ^mnwZ* 'kCn dk vFkZ ^y'dj* gSA 'kkgtgk ds le; esa mnwZ dh cgqr mUufr
gqbZ] ftlls ^[kM+h cksyh* dh mUufr esa ckkk iM+ xbZA
fganh vkSj mnwZ ewy esa ,d gh Hkk"kk gSaA mnwZ fganh dk dsoy eqlyekuh :i
gSA vkt Hkh dbZ 'krd chr tkus ij] bu nksuksa esa fo'ks"k varj ugha( ij buds
vuq;k;h yksx bl ukeek=k ds varj dks o`Fkk gh c<+k jgs gSaA ;fn ge yksx fganh
esa laLr ds vkSj eqlyeku mnwZ esa vjch&Qkjlh ds 'kCn de fy[ksa rks nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa
esa cgqr FkksM+k Hksn jg tk; vkSj laHko gS] fdlh fnu nksuksa leqnk;ksa dh fyfi vkSj
Hkk"kk ,d gks tk;A keZHksn ds dkj.k fiNyh 'krkCnh esa fganh vkSj mnwZ ds izpkjdksa
esa ijLij [khapkrkuh 'kq: gks xbZA eqlyeku fganh ls ?k`.kk djus yxs vkSj fganqvksa
us fganh ds izpkj ij tksj fn;kA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd fganh esa laLr 'kCn vkSj
mnwZ esa vjch&Qkjlh ds 'kCn fey x, vkSj nksuksa Hkk"kk, fDy"V gks xbA bu fnuksa
dbZ jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls fganh&mnwZ fookn vkSj Hkh c<+ jgk gS] vkSj ^fganqLrkuh*
ds uke ls ,d f[kpM+h Hkk"kk dh jpuk dh tk jgh gS] tks u 'kq) fganh gksxh
vkSj u 'kq) mnwZA
vkjaHk ls gh mnwZ vkSj fganh esa dbZ ckrksa dk varj Hkh jgk gSA mnwZ Qkjlh
fyfi esa fy[kh tkrh gS vkSj mlesa vjch&Qkjlh 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"k Hkjekj jgrh
gSA bldh okD; jpuk esa cgqkk fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k ds igys vkrk gS] vkSj dfork
esa Qkjlh ds lacksku dkjd dk :i iz;qDr gksrk gSA fganh ds lacakokpd loZuke
ds cnys mlesa dHkh&dHkh Qkjlh dk lacakokpd loZuke vkrk gSA buds flok
jpuk esa vkSj Hkh nks&,d ckrksa dk varj gS dksbZ&dksbZ mnwZ ys[kd bu fons'kh 'kCnksa
ds fy[kus esa lhek ds ckgj pys tkrs gSaA mnwZ vkSj fganh dh Nan jpuk esa Hkh
Hksn gSA eqlyeku yksx Qkjlh&vjch ds Nanksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fQj muds
lkfgR; esa eqlyekuh bfrgkl vkSj nardFkkvksa ds mYys[k cgqr jgrs gSaA 'ks"k ckrksa
esa nksuksa Hkk"kk, izk;% ,d gSaA
dqN yksx le>rs gSa fd orZeku fganh dh mRifk yYyw th yky us mnwZ dh
lgk;rk ls dh gSA ;g Hkwy gSA ^izselkxj* dh Hkk"kk nksvkc esa igys gh ls cksyh
tkrh FkhA mUgksaus mlh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx ^izselkxj* esa fd;k vkSj vko';drkuqlkj
mlesa laLr ds 'kCn Hkh feyk,A esjB ds vklikl vkSj mlds dqN mkj esa ;g
Hkk"kk vc Hkh vius fo'kq) :i esa cksyh tkrh gSA ogk bldk ogh :i gS] ftlds
vuqlkj fganh dk O;kdj.k cuk gSA ;|fi bl Hkk"kk dk uke ^mnwZ* ;k ^[kM+h cksyh*
36 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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u;k gS] rks Hkh mldk ;g :i u;k ugha] fdarq mruk gh iqjkuk gS] ftrus mlds
nwljs :icztHkk"kk] vokh] cqna y
s [kaMh vkfn gSAa nsgyh esa eqlyekuksa ds la;ksx ls
fganh Hkk"kk dk fodkl t:j gqvk] vkSj blds izpkj esa Hkh o`f) gqbZA bl ns'k
esa tgk&tgk eqxy ckn'kkgksa ds vfkdkjh x, ogk&ogk os vius lkFk bl Hkk"kk
dks Hkh ysrs x,A
dksbZ&dksbZ yksx fganh Hkk"kk dks ^ukxjh* dgrs gSaA ;g uke vHkh gky dk
gS] vkSj nsoukxjh fyfi ds vkkkj ij j[kk x;k tku iM+rk gSA bl Hkk"kk ds rhu
uke vkSj izfl) gS1
a BsB fganh] 2 'kq) fganh vkSj 3 mPp fganhA ^BsB fganh*
gekjh Hkk"kk ds ml :i dks dgrs gSa] ftlesa ^fganoh NqV~ vkSj fdlh cksyh dh
iqV~ u feysA* blesa cgqkk ^rn~Hko* 'kCn vkrs gSaA ^'kq) fganh* esa rn~Hko 'kCnksa
ds lkFk rRle 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gS] ij mlesa fons'kh 'kCn ugha vkrsA
^mPp fganh* 'kCn dbZ vFkks dk ckskd gSA dHkh&dHkh izkafrd Hkk"kkvksa ls fganh
dk Hksn crkus ds fy, bl Hkk"kk dks ^mPp fganh* dgrs gSaA vxjst yksx bl uke
dk iz;ksx cgqkk blh vFkZ esa djrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh ^mPp fganh* ls og Hkk"kk le>h
tkrh gS] ftlesa vuko';d laLr 'kCnksa dh Hkjekj dh tkrh gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh
;g uke dsoy ^'kq) fganh* ds i;kZ; esa vkrk gSA
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mu 'kCnksa dks NksM+dj tks Qkjlh] vjch] rqdhZ] vxjsth vkfn fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa
ds gSa vkSj ftudh la[;k cgqr FkksM+hdsoy n'keka'k gS vU; 'kCn fganh esa eq[;
rhu izdkj ds gSa
1 rRle
2 rn~Hko
3 v)ZrRle
rRle os laLr 'kCn gSa] tks vius vlyh Lo:i esa fganh Hkk"kk esa izpfyr
gS(a tSljktk]
s
firk] dfo] vkKk] vfXu] ok;q] oRl] Hkzkrk bR;kfnA 1
rn~Hko os 'kCn gSa tks ;k rks lhks izkr ls fganh Hkk"kk esa vk x, gSa ;k
izkr ds }kjk laLr ls fudys gS(a tSljk;]
s
[ksr] nkfguk] fdlkuA
Bo
1- bl izdkj ds dbZ 'kCn dbZ lfn;ksa ls Hkk"kk esa izpfyr gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ lkfgR; ds cgqr iqjkus uewuksa
esa Hkh feyrs gSa] ijarq cgqr ls orZeku 'krkCnh esa vk, gSaA ;g Hkjrh vHkh rd tkjh gSA ftl
:i esa ;s 'kCn vkrs gSa] og cgqkk laLr dh izFkek ds ,dopu dk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 37
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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v)ZrRle mu laLr 'kCnksa dks dgrs gSa] tks izkr Hkk"kk cksyus okyksa ds
mPpkj.k ls fcxM+r&s fcxM+rs dqN vkSj gh :i ds gks x, gS]a tSlcPN]
s
vX;k]
eqg] cal] bR;kfnA
cgqr ls 'kCn rhuksa :iksa esa feyrs gSa] ijarq dbZ 'kCnksa ds lc :i ugha ik,
tkrsA fganh ds f;k 'kCn izk;% lcds lc rn~Hko gSaA ;gh voLFkk loZukeksa dh
gSA cgqr ls laKk 'kCn rRle ;k rn~Hko gSa vkSj dqN v)ZrRle gks x, gSaA
rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCnksa esa :i dh fHkUurk ds lkFk cgqkk vFkZ dh fHkUurk
Hkh gksrh gSA rRle izk;% lkekU; vFkZ esa vkrk gS vkSj rn~Hko 'kCn fo'ks"k vFkZ
es(a tSlLFkku
s
lkekU; uke gS] ij ^Fkkuk* ,d fo'ks"k LFkku dk uke gSA dHkh&dHkh
rRle 'kCn ls xq#rk dk vFkZ fudyrk gS vkSj rn~Hko ls y?kqrk dk] tSlnss [kuk
lkkkj.k yksxksa ds fy, vkrk gS] ij ^n'kZu* fdlh cM+s vkneh ;k nsork ds fy,A
dHkh&dHkh rRle ds nks vFkks esa ls rn~Hko ls dsoy ,d gh vFkZ lwfpr gksrk
gS( tSl^oa
s 'k* dk vFkZ ^dqVcaq * Hkh gS] vkSj ^ckl* Hkh gS( ij rn~Hko ^ckl* ls
dsoy ,d gh vFkZ fudyrk gSA
;gk rRle] rn~Hko vkSj v)ZrRle 'kCnksa ds dqN mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSa
rRle
v)ZrRle
rn~Hko
vkKk
vX;k
vku
jktk
jk;
oRl
cPN
cPpk
vfXu
vfxu
vkx
Lokeh
lkbZ
d.kZ
dku
dk;Z
dkjt
dkt
i{k
ia[k] ik[k
ok;q
c;kj
v{kj
vPNj
vD[k] vk[kj
jkf=k
jkr
loZ
lc
nSo
nbZ
fganh esa vkSj Hkh nks izdkj ds 'kCn ik, tkrs gSa
1 ns'kt 2 vuqdj.kokpdA
ns'kt os 'kCn gSa tks fdlh laLr ;k izkr ewy ls fudys gq, ugha tku
38 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
8 fons'kh 'kCn
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Qkjlh] vjch] rqdhZ] vxjsth vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ls tks 'kCn fganh esa vk, gSa]
os fons'kh dgkrs gSa] vxjsth ls vktdy Hkh 'kCnksa dh Hkjrh tkjh gSA fons'kh 'kCn
fganh esa ofu ds vuqlkj vFkok fcxM+s gq, mPpkj.k ds vuqlkj fy[ks tkrs gSaA
bl fo"k; dk irk yxkuk dfBu gS fd fganh esa fdl&fdl le; ij dkSu ls fons'kh
'kCn vk, gSa( ij ;s 'kCn Hkk"kk esa fey x, gSa vkSj buesa dksbZ&dksbZ 'kCn ,sls gSa
ftuds lekukFkhZ fganh 'kCn cgqr le; ls vizpfyr gks x, gSaA Hkkjro"kZ dh vkSj
vkSj izpfyr Hkk"kkvksfo'ks
a "kdj ejkBh vkSj cxyk ls Hkh dqN 'kCn fganh esa vk,
gSAa dqN fons'kh 'kCnksa dh lwph nh tkrh gS
1 Qkjlhvkneh] mEesnokj] dej] [kpZ] xqykc] p'ek] pkdw] pkiywl]
nkx] nwdku] ckx] ekstk bR;kfnA
2 vjch vnkyr] bfErgku] ,rjkt] vkSjr] ru[kkg] rkjh[k] eqdnek]
flQkfj'k] gky bR;kfnA
3 rqdhZ dksry] pded] rxek] rksi] yk'k bR;kfnA
4 ikspxZ q ht dejk] uhyke] iknjh] HkkjrkSy] is:A
5 vxjsth vihy] bap] dyDVj] desVh] dksV] fxykl] fVdV]
Vhu] uksfVl] MkDVj] fMxjh] irywu] QaM] Qhl] QqV] ehy] jsy] ykV]
ykyVsu] leu] Ldwy bR;kfnA
6 ejkBh izxfr] ykxw] pkyw] ckM+k] cktw vksj] rjQ bR;kfnA
7 cxyk miU;kl] izk.ki.k] pwM+kar] Hknzyksx Hkys vkneh] xYi] furkar
bR;kfnA
fganh O;kdj.k / 39
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
igyk Hkkx
o.kZfopkj
igyk v/;k;
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o.kZekyk
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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ok
1- Qkjlh] vxjsth] ;wukuh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa o.kks ds uke vkSj mPpkj.k ,d ls ugha gSa blfy,
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mUgsa igpkuus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa esa ftu vfyQ] ,] MsYVk
vkfn dks o.kZ dgrs gSa] muds [kaM gks ldrs gSaA os ;FkkFkZ esa o.kZ ugha fdarq 'kCn gSaA ;|fi
O;atu ds mPpkj.k ds fy, muds lkFk Loj yxkus dh vko';drk gksrh gS] rks Hkh mlesa
dsoy NksVs ls NksVk Loj vFkkZr~ vdkj feykuk pkfg,] tSlk fganh esa gksrk gSA
2- laLr O;kdj.k esa Lojksa dks vp~ vkSj O;atuksa dks gy~ dgrs gSaA
3- laLr esa] _] ] y ;s rhu Loj vkSj gSa( ij fganh esa budk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA _ Lo
Hkh fganh esa vkus okys dsoy rRle 'kCnksa gh esa vkrk gS( tSl_f"k]
s
_.k] ik] u`R;] e`R;q
bR;kfnA
40 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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Bo
1- buds flok o.kZekyk esa O;atu vkSj feyk fn, tkrs gS{k]
a =k] KA ;s la;Dq r O;atu gSa vkSj
bl izdkj feydj cus gSd~
a
+ "k {k] r~ + j =k] t + k KA 21ok vad ns[kksA
2- vuqLokj vkSj folxZ ds uke vkSj mPpkj.k ,d ugha gSaA buds :i vkSj mPpkj.k dh fo'ks"krk
ds dkj.k dbZ oS;kdj.k bUgsa va] v% ds :i esa Lojksa ds lkFk fy[krs gSaA
fganh O;kdj.k / 41
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
nwljk v/;k;
fyfi
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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8- fyf[kr Hkk"kk esa ewy ofu;ksa ds fy, tks fp eku fy, x, gSa] os Hkh
o.kZ dgykrs gSa( ij ftl :i esa ;s fy[ks tkrs gSa] mls fyfi dgrs gSaA fganh Hkk"kk
nsoukxjh fyfi1 esa fy[kh tkrh gSA
lw-nsoukxjh ds flok dSFkh] egktuh vkfn fyfi;ksa esa Hkh fganh Hkk"kk fy[kh
tkrh gS( ij mudk izpkj loZ=k ugha gSA xzaFkys[ku vkSj Nkius ds dke esa cgqkk
nsoukxjh fyfi dk gh mi;ksx gksrk gSA
9- O;atuksa ds vusd mPpkj.k fn[kkus ds fy, muds lkFk Loj tksM+s tkrs
gSaA O;atuksa esa feyus ls cnydj Loj dk tks :i gks tkrk gS mls ek=kk dgrs
gSAa izR;sd Loj dh ek=kk uhps fy[kh tkrh gS
v] vk] b] bZ] m] ] _] ,] ,s] vks] vkS
k f h q w
`
s S
ks
kS
10- v dh dksbZ ek=kk ugha gSA tc ;g O;atu esa feyrk gS] rc O;atu
esa uhps dk fp ~ ugha fy[kk tkrk( tSld~
s
+ v d] [k~~ + v [kA
11- vk] bZ] vks vkSj vkS dh ek=kk, O;atu ds vkxs yxkbZ tkrh gS(a tSldk]
s
dh] dks] dkSA b dh ek=kk O;atu ds igys] , vkSj ,s dh ek=kk, ij( vkSj m]
] _ dh ek=kk, uhps yxkbZ tkrh gS(a tSlfd]
s ds] dS] dq] dw] A
12- vuqLokj Loj ds ij vkSj folxZ Loj ds ihNs vkrk gS( tSlda
s ]
fda] d%] dk%A
13- m vkSj dh ek=kk, tc j~ esa feyrh gSa] rc mudk vkdkj dqN
fujkyk gks tkrk gS] tSl#]
s :A j~ ds lkFk _ dh ek=kk dk la;ksx O;atuksa ds
leku gksrk gS( tSlj~s ~ + _ + _ZA 25ok vad ns[kksA
14- _ dh ek=kk dks NksM+dj vkSj va] v% dks ysdj O;atuksa ds lkFk lc
Lojksa esa feyki dks ckjg[kM+h2 dgrs gSaA Loj vFkok Lojkar O;atu v{kj dgykrs
gSa % d~ dh ckjg[kM+h uhps nh tkrh gS
d] dk] fd] dh] dq] dw] ds] dS] dks] dkS] da] d%A
Bo
1- ^nsoukxjh* uke dh mRifk ds fo"k; esa erHksn gSA ';ke 'kkL=kh ds erkuqlkj nsorkvksa dh
izfrekvksa ds cuus ds iwoZ mudh mikluk lkadsfrd fpksa }kjk gksrh Fkh] tks dbZ izdkj ds
f=kdks.kkfn ;a=kksa ds e; esa fy[ks tkrs FksA os ;a=k ^nsoukxj* dgykrs Fks] vkSj muds e;
fy[ks tkusokys vusd izdkj ds lkadfs rd fp o.kZ ekus tkus yxsA blh ls mudk uke ^nsoukxjh* gqvkA
2- ;g 'kCn }kn'kk{kjh dk viHkza'k gSA
42 / fganh O;kdj.k
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15- O;atu nks izdkj ls fy[ks tkrs gSa 1 [kM+h ikbZ lesr vkSj 2 fcuk
[kM+h ikbZ dsA ] N] V] B] M] <] n] j] dks NksM+dj 'ks"k O;atu igys izdkj ds
gSaA lc o.kks ds fljs ij ,d&,d vkM+h js[kk jgrh gS] tks k] > vkSj Hk esa dqN
rksM+ nh tkrh gSA
16- uhps fy[ks o.kks ds nks&nks :i ik, tkrs gSa
vkSj v( Hk$ vkSj >] QRvkSj .k( {k vkSj {k( K vkSj KA
17- nsoukxjh fyfi esa o.kks dk mPpkj.k vkSj uke rqY; gksus ds dkj.k]
tc dHkh mldk uke ysus dk dke iM+rk gS] rc v{kj ds vkxs ^dkj* tksM+dj
mldk uke lwfpr djrs gS(a tSlvdkj]
s
ddkj] edkj] ldkj ls v] d] e] l
dk cksk gksrk gSA ^jdkj* dks dksbZ dksbZ ^jsQ* Hkh dgrs gSaA
18- tc nks ;k vfkd O;atuksa ds chp esa Loj ugha jgrk] rc mudks la;ksxh
ok la;Dq r O;atu dgrs gS(a tSlD;]
s Le] =kA la;Dq r O;atu cgqkk feyk dj fy[ks
tkrs gSAa fganh esa izk;% rhu ls vfkd O;atuksa dk la;ksx gksrk gS( tSlLra
s Hk] eRL;]
ekgkRE;A
19- tc fdlh O;atu dk la;ksx mlh O;atu ds lkFk gksrk gS] rc og la;ksx
f}Ro dgykrk gS] tSldDdk]
s
lPpk] vUuA
20- la;ksx esa ftl e ls O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k gksrk gS] mlh e ls os
fy[ks tkrs gS(a tSlva
s r] ;Ru] v'kDr] lRdkjA
21- {k] =k] K] ftu O;atuksa ds esy ls cus gSa mudk dqN Hkh :i la;ksx
esa ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk( blfy, dksbZ&dksbZ mUgsa O;atuksa ds lkFk o.kZekyk ds var esa
fy[k nsrs gSaA d~ vkSj "k ds esy {k] r~ vkSj j ds esy ls rz vkSj t~ vkSj k ds
esy ls K curk gSA
22- ikbZ A okys vk| o.kks dh ikbZ la;ksx esa fxj tkrh gS( tSls
i~~ + ; I;] r~~ + Fk RFk] r~~ + e~~ + ; RE;A
23- ] N] V] B] M] <] g] ls lkr O;atu la;ksx ds vkfn esa Hkh iwjs fy[ks
tkrs gSa] vkSj buds var dk la;qDr O;atu iwoZ o.kZ ds uhps fcuk fljs ds fy[kk
tkrk gS( tSlv]
s
mPN~okl] Vh] eV~Bk] gM~Mh] izkn] lkfnzA
24- dbZ la;Dq r v{kj nks izdkj ls fy[ks tkrs gS]a tSld~
s
+ d Dd(
( d~~ + o Do] `] y~ + y Yy] ] d~ + y~ Dy] ] 'k~ + o
'o] A
25- ;fn jdkj ds ihNs dksbZ O;atu gks rks jdkj ml O;atu ds ij] og
:i Z kkj.k djrk gS] ftls jsQ dgrs gS]a tSlkeZ
s ] loZ] vFkZA ;fn jdkj
fganh O;kdj.k / 43
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fdlh O;atu ds ihNs vkrk gS] rks mldk :i nks izdkj dk gksrk gS
[k [kM+h ikbZ okys O;atuksa ds uhps jdkj bl :i z ls fy[kk tkrk
gS( tSlp]
s
Hknz] Lo] vkfnA
vk nwljs O;atuksa ds uhps mldk ;g :i gksrk gS( tSljk"V
s ] f=kiqMa ]
PNA
lw-cztHkk"kk esa cgqkk j~ + ; dk :i j gksrk gS] tSlekjks
s
] gkjksA
26- d~ vkSj r feydj vkSj r~ rFkk r feydj k gksrk gSA
27- ] k~] ] u~] e~ vius gh oxZ ds O;atuksa ls fey ldrs gSa( ij muds
cnys esa fodYi Q
lsRvuqLokj1 vk ldrk gS( tSlxkxa
s
xk] ppypapy]
if.MriafMr] nUrnar] dEidaiA
dbZ 'kCnksa esa bl fu;e dk Hkax gksrk gS( tSlok~
s e;] e`.e;] kUoUrfj]
lezkV] mUgsa] rqEgsaA
28- gdkj ls feyus okys O;atu dHkh&dHkh Hkwy ls mlds iwoZ fy[k
fn, tkrs gS(a tSlfpUg
s
fp] czEg cz] vkOgku vkku] vkYgkn vkkn
bR;kfnA
29- lkkkj.k O;atuksa ds leku la;qDr O;atuksa esa Hkh Loj tksM+dj ckjg[kM+h
cukrs gS(a tSl]
s k] f] h] q] w] s] S] ks] kS] a] %A
ns[kks 14ok vad
rhljk v/;k;
nd
Bo
ok
hi
30- eq[k ds ftl Hkkx ls ftl v{kj dk mPpkj.k gksrk gS] mls ml v{kj
dk LFkku dgrs gSaA
31- LFkku Hksn ls o.kks ds uhps fy[ks vuqlkj oxZ gksrs gSa
daB ftudk mPpkj.k daB ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ v] vk] d] [k] x] ?k] ]
g vkSj folxZA
rkyO; ftudk mPpkj.k rkyq ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ b] bZ] p] N] t] >] k]
vkSj 'kA
ewkZU; ftudk mPpkj.k ewkkZ ls gksrk gS( vFkkZr~ V] B] M] <] .k] j vkSj "kA
1- fganh esa cgq/kk vuqukfld ds cnys esa Hkh vuqLokj vkrk gS] tSlgs lukgaluk] ikpikapA
ns[kks 50ok vad
44 / fganh O;kdj.k
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Loj
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1 ftu Lojksa dh mRifk fdUgha nwljs Lojksa ls ugha gS]mUgsa ewy Loj ok
Lo dgrs gSAa os pkj gSv]
a b] m vkSj _A
2 ewy Lojksa ds esy ls cus gq, Loj lafk Loj dgykrs gS(a tSlvk]
s bZ]
,] ,s] vks] vkSA
36- lafk Lojksa ds nks Hksn gSa
1 nh?kZ vkSj 2 la;qDrA
1 fdlh ,d ewy Loj esa mlh ewy Loj ds feykus ls tks Loj mRiUu
gksrk gS] mls nh?kZ dgrs gS(a tSlv
s
+ v vk] b + b bZ] m + m ]
vFkkZr~ vk] bZ] nh?kZ Loj gSaA
lw-_ + _ _`( ;g nh?kZ Loj fganh esa ugha gSA
2 fHkUu&fHkUu Lojksa ds esy ls tks Loj mRiUu gksrk gS] mls la;qDr Loj
dgrs gS]a tSlv
s
+ b ,] v + m vks] vk + , ,s] vk + vks
vkSA
37- mPpkj.k ds dkyeku ds vuqlkj Lojksa ds nks Hksn fd, tkrs gSy?kq
a
vkSj xq#A mPpkj.k ds dkyeku dks ek=kk1 dgrs gSaA ftl Loj ds mPpkj.k esa
,d ek=kk yxrh gS mls y?kq Loj dgrs gS(a tSlv]
s b] m] _A ftl Loj ds mPpkj.k
esa nks ek=kk, yxrh gSa mls xq# Loj dgrs gS(a tSlvk]
s bZ] ,] ,s] vks] vkSA
lw- 1lc ewy Loj y?kq vkSj lc lfUk Loj xq# gSAa
lw- 2laLr esa Iyqr uke ls Lojksa dk ,d rhljk Hksn ekuk tkrk gS(
ij fganh esa mldk mi;ksx ugha gksrkA ^Iyqr* 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ^mNyrk gqvk*A
Iyqr esa rhu ek=kk, gksrh gSaA og cgqkk nwj ls iqdkjus] jksus] xkus vkSj fpYykus
esa vkrk gSA mldh igpku nh?kZ Loj ds vkxs rhu dk vad fy[k nsus ls gksrh
gS] tSl,!
s 3 yM+ds ! 3] gw ! 3A
38- tkfr ds vuqlkj Hkh Lojksa ds nks Hksn gSa vlo.kZ vkSj lo.kZ vFkkZr~
ltkrh; vkSj fotkrh;A leku LFkku vkSj iz;Ru ls mRiUu gksus okys Lojksa dks
lo.kZ dgrs gSaA ftu Lojksa ds LFkku vkSj iz;Ru ,d ls ugha gksrs] os vlo.kZ dgykrs
gSaA v] vk( ijLij lo.kZ gSaA blh izdkj b] bZ rFkk m] lo.kZ gSaA
v] b] ok v] vFkok b] vlo.kZ Loj gSaA
lw-,] ,s] vks] vkS bu la;Dq r Lojksa esa ijLij lo.kZrk ugha gS( D;ksfa d
;s vlo.kZ Lojksa ls mRiUu gSaA
39- mPpkj.k ds vuqlkj Lojksa ds nks Hksn vkSj gSa
1 lkuqukfld vkSj 2 fujuqukfldA
1- fganh esa ^ek=kk* 'kCn ds nks vFkZ gS,d
a Lojksa dk :i ns[kks 9ok vad nwljk dkyekuA
46 / fganh O;kdj.k
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fganh O;kdj.k / 47
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lo
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O;atu
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i.b
43- Li'kZ O;atuksa ds ikp oxZ gSa vkSj izR;sd oxZ esa ikp&ikp O;atu gSaA
izR;sd oxZ dk uke igys o.kZ ds vuqlkj j[kk x;k gS( tSls
d&oxZd] [k] x] ?k] A
p&oxZp] N] t] >] kA
V&oxZV] B] M] <] .kA
r&oxZr] Fk] n] k] uA
i&oxZi] Q] c] Hk] eA
44- ck iz;Ru ds vuqlkj O;atuksa ds nks Hksn gSa
1 vYiizk.k vkSj 2 egkizk.kA
ftu O;atuksa esa gdkj dh ofu fo'ks"k :i ls lqukbZ nsrh gS mudks egkizk.k
vkSj 'ks"k O;atuksa dks vYiizk.k dgrs gSa( Li'kZ O;atuksa esa izR;sd oxZ dk nwljk vkSj
pkSFkk v{kj rFkk "e egkizk.k gS( tSl[k]
s ?k] N] >] B] <] Fk] k] Q] Hk vkSj
'k] "k] l] gA
'ks"k O;atu vYiizk.k gSaA
lc Loj vYiizk.k gSaA
lw-vYiizk.k v{kjksa dh vis{kk egkizk.kksa esa izk.kok;q dk mi;ksx vfkd
JeiwoZd djuk iM+rk gSA [k] ?k] N vkfn O;atuksa ds mPpkj.k esa muds iwoZorhZ
O;atuksa ds lkFk gdkj dh ofu feyh gqbZ lqukbZ iM+rh gS] vFkkZr~ [k d~ +
g] N p~ + gA mnwZ] vxjsth vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa egkizk.k v{kj g feykdj cuk,
x, gSaA
45- fganh esa M vkSj < ds nks&nks mPpkj.k gksrs gS1
a ew/kZU; 2 f}Li`"VA
1 ewkZU; mPpkj.k vkxs fy[ks LFkkuksa esa gksrk gS
48 / fganh O;kdj.k
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fganh O;kdj.k / 49
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1 BsB fganh 'kCnksa ds var esa tks vuqLokj vkrk gS] mldk mPpkj.k vuqukfld
gksrk gS( tSleSs ]a es]a xsg]aw tw]a D;ksAa
2 iq#"k vFkok opu ds fodkj ds dkj.k vkusokys vuqLokj dk mPpkj.k
vuqukfld gksrk gS( tSld:a
s ] yM+dks]a yM+fd;ka] gw]a gSa bR;kfnA
3 nh?kZ Loj ds i'pkr~ vkusokyk vuqLokj vuqukfld ds leku cksyk tkrk
gS( tSlvka
s [k] ikap] bku( aV] lkaHkj] lkSia uk bR;kfnA
50- dfy[kus esa cgqkk vuqukfld v] vk] m vkSj esa gh panfz canq
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd buds dkj.k v{kj ds ijh Hkkx esa dksbZ ek=kk
ugha yxrh( tSlv
s ksjk] gluk] vk[k] nkr] pkbZ] dqo j] V] d: bR;kfnA tc b
vkSj , vdsys vkrs gSa( rc muesa panzfcanq vkSj tc O;atu esa feyrs gSa] rc panzfcanq
ds cnys esa vuqLokj gh yxk;k tkrk gS( tSlbs nkjk] flapkbZ] laKk,] <sd
a h bR;kfnA
lw-tgk mPpkj.k esa Hkze gksus dh lEHkkouk gks ogk vuqLokj vkSj panfz canq
i`Fkd~ fy[ks tk;( tSlv
s ksj vUksj] vksjk] gal gUl] gl bR;kfnA
51- folxZ % daB o.kZ gSA blds mPpkj.k esa g ds mPpkj.k dks ,d
>Vdk lk nsdj 'okl dks eqg ls ,dne NksM+rs gSaA vuqLokj ok vuqukfld ds
leku folxZ dk mPpkj.k Hkh fdlh Loj ds i'pkr~ gksrk gSA ;g gdkj dh vis{kk
dqN khek cksyk tkrk gS( tSlnqs %[k] var%dj.k] fN%] g% bR;kfnA
lw-fdlh&fdlh oS;kdj.k ds erkuqlkj folxZ dk mPpkj.k dsoy n;
esa gksrk gS] vkSj eq[k ds vo;oksa ls mldk dksbZ lacak ugha jgrkA
52- la;qDr O;atu ds iwoZ Lo Loj dk mPpkj.k dqN >Vds ds lkFk gksrk
gS] ftlls nksuksa O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k Li"V gks tkrk gS] tSllR;]
s
vk] iRFkj
bR;kfnA fganh esa Eg] Ug] vkfn dk mPpkj.k blds fo#) gksrk gS] tSlrqs Egkjk]
mUgsa] dqYgkM+h] lksA
53- nks egkizk.k O;atuksa dk mPpkj.k ,d lkFk ugha gks ldrk( blfy, muds
la;ksx esa iwoZ o.kZ vYiizk.k gh jgrk gS( tSljD[kk]
s
vPNk] iRFkj bR;kfnA
54- mnwZ ds izHkko ls t vkSj Q dk ,d&,d vkSj mPpkj.k gksrk gSA t
dk nwljk mPpkj.k narrkyO; vkSj Q dk narks"B gSA bu mPpkj.kksa ds fy, v{kjksa
ds uhps ,d&,d fcanh yxkrs gS]a tSlt+s :jr] Qqjlr bR;kfnA t vkSj Q ls vxjsth
ds Hkh dqN v{kjksa dk mPpkj.k izdV gksrk gS] tSlLos
s t] Qhl bR;kfnA
55- fganh esa K dk mPpkj.k cgqkk ^X;* ds ln`'k gksrk gSA egkjk"Vh yksx
bldk mPpkj.k n~U; ds leku djrs gSaA ij bldk 'kq) mPpkj.k izk;% ^T;* ds
leku gSA
50 / fganh O;kdj.k
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pkSFkk v/;k;
Lojk?kkr
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56- 'kCnksa ds mPpkj.k esa v{kjksa ij tks tksj kDdk yxrk gS] mls Lojk?kkr
dgrs gSaA fganh esa viw.kkZsPpfjr v ns- 40ok vad ftl v{kj esa vkrk gS] mlds
iwooZ rhZ v{kj ds Loj dk mPpkj.k dqN yack gksrk gS( tSl^?kj*
s
'kCn esa vaR;
^v* dk mPpkj.k viw.kZ gksrk gS] blfy, mlds iwoZorhZ ^?k* ds Loj dk mPpkj.k
dqN >Vds ds lkFk djuk iM+rk gSA blh rjg la;qDr O;atu ds igys ds v{kj
ij ns- 52 vad tksj iM+rk gS( tSl^iRFkj*
s
'kCn esa ^r~* vkSj ^Fk* ds la;ksx
ds dkj.k ^i* dk mPpkj.k vk?kkr ds lkFk gksrk gSA Lojk?kkr lacakh dqN fu;e
uhps fn, tkrs gSa
d ;fn 'kCn ds var esa viw.kksZPpfjr v vkos rks mikaR; v{kj ij tksj
iM+rk gS] tSl?kj]
s >kM+] lM+d bR;kfnA
[k ;fn 'kCn ds e; Hkkx esa viw.kksZPpfjr v vkos rks mlds iwoZorhZ v{kj
ij vk?kkr gksrk gS( tSlvucu]
s
cksydj] fnu HkjA
x la;Dq r O;atu ds iwooZ rhZ v{kj ij tksj iM+rk gS( tSlgYyk]
s
vkKk]
fpark bR;kfnA
?k folxZ;Dq r v{kj dk mPpkj.k >Vds ds lkFk gksrk gS( tSlnqs %[k]
var%dj.kA
p ;kSfxd 'kCnksa esa ewy vo;oksa ds v{kjksa dk tksj tSlk dk rSlk jgrk
gS( tSlxqs .koku] tye;] izes lkxj bR;kfnA
N 'kCn ds vkjaHk dk v dHkh viw.kksPZ pfjr ugha gksrk] tSl?kj]
s lM+d]
diM+k] ryokj bR;kfnA
57- laLr ok fganh 'kCnksa esa b] m] ok] _ iwoorhZ Loj dk mPpkj.k dqN
yEck gksrk gStSls gfj] lkkq] leqnk;] kkrq] fir`] ekr` bR;kfnA
58- ;fn 'kCn ds ,d gh :i ls dbZ vFkZ fudyrs gSa rks bu vFkks dk
varj dsoy Lojk?kkr ls tkuk tkrk gStSls ^c<+k* 'kCn fofkdky vkSj lkekU;
Hkwrdky] nksuksa esa vkrk gS] blfy, fofkdky ds vFkZ esa ^c<+k* ds vaR; ^vk* ij
tksj fn;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj ^dh* lacakdkjd dh L=khfyax foHkfDr vkSj lkekU;
Hkwrdky dk L=khfyax ,dopu :i gS( blfy, f;k ds vFkZ esa ^dh* dk mPpkj.k
vk?kkr ds lkFk gksrk gSA
lw-fganh esa laLr ds leku Lojk?kkr lwfpr djus ds fy, fpksa dk mi;ksx
ugha gksrkA
fganh O;kdj.k / 51
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v?kks"k
k
.k
u
e
;
j
y
o
v
b
_
la;qDr
?k
>
<
k
Hk
nh?kZ
x
t
M
n
c
Lo
egkizk.k
+ vYiizk.k
vuqukfld
varLFk
vk
bZ , ,s
lo
gs
po
vks vkS
i.b
LFkku
+ ukfldk
1 nar +
vks"B
2 daB+rkyq
2 daB+vks"B
'k
"k
l
Loj
vYiizk.k
[k
N
B
Fk
Q
Li'kZ
egkizk.k
daB d
rkyq p
ewkkZ V
nar r
vks"B i
egkizk.k
"e "e
vYiizk.k
egkizk.k
LFkku Li'kZ
?kks"k
t.c
om
nd
ikpok v/;k;
lafk
Bo
ok
hi
59- nks fufnZ"V v{kjksa ds ikl&ikl vkus ds dkj.k muds esy ls tks fodkj
gksrk gS] mls lafk dgrs gSaA lafk vkSj la;ksx esa ns- 18ok vad ;g varj gS
fd la;ksx esa v{kj tSls ds rSls jgrs gSa] ijarq lafk esa mPpkj.k ds fu;ekuqlkj
nks v{kjksa ds esy esa mudh txg dksbZ fHkUu v{kj gks tkrk gSA
lw-lafk dk fo"k; laLr O;kdj.k ls laca k j[krk gSA laLr Hkk"kk esa
inflf)] lekl vkSj okD;ksa esa lafk dk iz;kstu iM+rk gS] ijarq fganh esa lafk ds
fu;eksa ls feys gq, laLr ds tks lkekfld 'kCn vkrs gSa] dsoy mUgha ds lacak
ls bl fo"k; ds fu:i.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
60- lafk rhu izdkj dh gS1 Loj lafk] 2 O;atu lafk vkSj 3 folxZ
lafkA
52 / fganh O;kdj.k
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Loj lafk
t.c
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1 nks Lojksa ds ikl vkus ls tks lafk gksrh gS mls Loj lafk dgrs gSa]
tSljke
s
+ vorkj jke~ + v + vorkj jke~ + v + orkj jkekorkjA
2 ftu nks o.kks esa lafk gksrh gS muesa ls igyk o.kZ O;atu gks vkSj nwljk
o.kZ pkgs Loj gks pkgs O;atu] rks mudh lafk dks O;atu lafk dgrs gS(a tSltxr~
s
+
bZ'k txnh'k] txr~ + ukFk txUukFkA
3 folxZ ds lkFk Loj ;k O;atu dh lafk dks folxZ lafk dgrs gSa(
tSlri%
s
+ ou riksou] fu% + varj fujarjA
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61- ;fn nks lo.kZ ltkrh; Loj ikl&ikl vkosa rks nksuksa ds cnys lo.kZ
nh?kZ Loj gksrk gS] tSls
d v vkSj vk dh lafk
v + v vkdYi + var dYikarA ije + vFkZ ijekFkZA
v + vk vkjRu + vkdj jRukdjA dq'k + vklu dq'kkluA
vk + v vkjs[kk + va'k js[kka'kA fo|k + vH;kl fo|kH;klA
vk + vk vkegk + vk'k; egk'k;A okrkZ + vkyki okrkZykiA
[k b vkSj bZ dh lafk
b + b bZfxfj + banz fxjhanz]A vfHk + b"V vHkh"VA
b + bZ bZdfo + bZ'oj doh'ojA dfi + bZ'k dih'kA
bZ + bZ bZlrh + bZ'k lrh'kA tkudh + bZ'k tkudh'kA
bZ + b bZegh + banz eghanzA nsoh + bPNk nsohPNkA
x m] dh lafk
m + m Hkkuq + mn; Hkkuwn;A fokq + mn; fokwn;A
m + flakq + feZ flakwfeZA y?kq + feZ y?kwfeZA
+ Hkw + )Z Hkw)AZ Hkw + ftZr HkwftZrA
+ m okw + mRlo okwRloA Hkw + m)kj Hkw)kjA
?k _] _ dh lafk
?k _] ds lacak esa laLr O;kdj.k esa cgqkk ekr` + _.k ekr`.k] ;g
mnkgj.k fn;k tkrk gS( ij bl mnkgj.k esa Hkh fodYi ls ^ekr`.k* :i gksrk gSA
blls izdV gS fd nh?kZ _ dh vko';drk ugha gSA
62- ;fn v ok vk ds vkxs b ok bZ jgs rks nksuksa feydj ,( m ok
jgs rks nksuksa feydj vks( vkSj _ jgs rks vj~ gks tkrk gSA bl fodkj dks xq.k
dgrs gSAa
fganh O;kdj.k / 53
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O;atu lafk
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b + , ;sizfr + ,d izR;sdA
bZ + v ;unh + viZ.k u|iZ.kA
bZ + vk ;knsoh + vkxe nsO;kxeA
bZ + m ;ql[kh + mfpr l[;qfprA
bZ + ;wunh + feZ u|wfeZA
bZ + ,s ;Snsoh + ,s'o;Z nsO;S'o;ZA
d m + v oeuq + varj eUoarjA
m + vk oklq + vkxr LokxrA
+ b fovuw + br vfUorA
+ , osvuq + ,"k.k vUos"k.kA
[k _ + v jfir` + vuqefr fi=kuqefrA
_ + vk jkekr` + vkuan ek=kkuanA
65- ,] ,s] vks ok vkS ds vkxs dksbZ fHkUu Loj gks rks buds LFkku esa e'k%
v;~] vk;~] vo~ ok vko gksrk gS( tSls
us + vu u~ + , + v + u u~ + v;~ + vu u;uA
xS + vu x~ + ,s + v + u x~ + vk;~ + v + u~ xk;uA
xks + bZ'k x~ + vks + bZ'k x~ + vo~~ + b~ + 'k xoh'kA
ukS + bd u~ + vkS + b + d = u~ + vko~ + b + d ukfodA
66- , ok vks ds vkxs v vkos rks v dk yksi gks tkrk gS vkSj mlds
LFkku esa yqIr vkdkj dk fp dj nsrs gS(a tSls
rs + vfi rsfi jke-(
lks + vuqeku lksuqeku fga- xzaFk]
;ks + vfl ;ksfl jke-A
lw-fganh esa bl lafk dk izpkj ugha gSA
Bo
ok
67- d~] p~] V~] i~ ds vkxs vuqukfld dks NksM+dj dksbZ ?kks"k o.kZ gks rks
mlds LFkku esa e ls oxZ dk rhljk v{kj gks tkrk gS( tSls
fnd~ + xt fnXxt( okd~ + bZ'k okxh'kA
"kV~ + fjiq "kfMiq( "kV~ + vkuu "kMkuuA
vi~ + t vCt( vp~ + var vtarA
68- fdlh oxZ ds izFke v{kj ls ijs dksbZ vuqukfld o.kZ gks rks izFke o.kZ
ds cnys mlh oxZ dk vuqukfld o.kZ gks tkrk gS( tSls
okd~ + e; ok~e;( "kV~ + ekl "k.eklA
fganh O;kdj.k / 55
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76- ;fn fdlh 'kCn ds vk| l ds iwoZ v] vk dks NksM+ dksbZ Loj vkos
rks l ds LFkku ij "k gksrk gS( tSls
vfHk + lsd vfHk"ksd( fu + fl) fuf"k)A
fo + le fo"ke( lq + lqfIr lq"kqfIrA
v ftl laLr kkrq esa igys l gks vkSj mlds i'pkr~ _ ok j~ mlls
cus gq, 'kCn dk l iwoksDZ r o.kks ds ihNs vkus ij "k ugha gksrk( tSls
fo + Lej.k Le`kkrq foLej.kA
vuq + lj.k l`kkrq vuqlj.kA
fo + ltZ l`tkkrq folxZA
77- ;kSfxd 'kCnksa esa ;fn izFke 'kCn ds var esa u~ gks rks mldk yksi gksrk
gS( tSls
jktu~ + vkKk jktkKk] gfLru~ + nar gfLrnarA
izkf.ku~ + ek=k izkf.kek=k] kfuu~ + Ro kfuRoA
v vgu~ 'kCn ds vkxs dksbZ Hkh o.kZ vkos rks vaR; u~ ds cnys j~ gksrk
gS( ij jkf=k] :i 'kCn ds vkus ls u dk m gksrk gS( vkSj lafk ds fu;ekuqlkj
v + m feydj vks gks tkrk gS( tSls
vgu~ + x.k vgxZ.k] vgu~ + eq[k vgeqZ[kA
vgu~ + jk=k vgksjk=k] vgu~ + :i vgks:iA
folxZ lafk
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78- ;fn folxZ ds vkxs p ok N gks rks folxZ dk 'k~ gks tkrk gS] V ok
B gks rks "k~( vkSj r ok Fk gks rks l~ gksrk gS] tSls
fu% + py fu'py] kuq% + Vadkj kuq"VadkjA
fu% + fNnz fuf'Nnz] eu% + rki euLrkiA
79- folxZ ds i'pkr~ 'k] "k] ok l vkos rks folxZ tSlk dk rSlk jgrk
gS] vFkok mlds LFkku esa vkxs dk o.kZ gks tkrk gS( tSls
nq% + 'kklu nq%'kklu ok nq''kkluA
fu% + lansg fu%lansg ok fuLlansgA
80- folxZ ds vkxs d] [k] ok i] Q vkos rks folxZ dk dksbZ fodkj ugha
gksrk] tSls
jt% + d.k jt%d.k] i; + iku i;%iku fg-i;ikuA
v ;fn folxZ ds iwoZ b ok m gks rks d] [k ok i] Q ds igys folxZ
ds cnys "k~ gksrk gS] tSls
fganh O;kdj.k / 57
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fganh O;kdj.k / 59
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
nwljk Hkkx
'kCnlk/ku
igyk ifjPNsn
'kCn Hksn
igyk v/;k;
lo
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'kCnfopkj
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86- 'kCnlkku O;kdj.k ds ml foHkkx dks dgrs gSa] ftlesa 'kCnksa ds Hksn rFkk
muds iz;ksx] :ikarj vkSj O;qRifk dk fu:i.k fd;k tkrk gSA
87- ,d ;k vfkd v{kjksa ls cuh gqbZ Lora=k lkFkZd ofu dks 'kCn dgrs
gS]a tSlyM+
s dk] tk] NksVk] es]a khjs] ijarq bR;kfnA
v 'kCn v{kjksa ls curs gSaA ^u* vkSj ^Fk* ds esy ds ^uFk* vkSj ^Fku*
'kCn curs gSa vkSj ;fn buesa ^vk dk ;ksx dj fn;k tk; rks ^ukFk*] ^Fkku*] ^uFkk*]
^Fkkuk* vkfn 'kCn cu tk;xsA
vk l`f"V ds lEiw.kZ izkf.k;ksa] inkFkks] keks vkSj muds lc izdkj ds lacakksa
dks O;Dr djus ds fy, 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA ,d 'kCn ls ,d le; esa
izk;% ,d gh Hkkouk izdV gksrh gS( blfy, dksbZ Hkh iw.kZ fopkj izdV djus ds fy,
,d ls vfkd 'kCnksa dk dke iM+rk gSA ^vkt rq>s D;k lw>h gS\*;g ,d iw.kZ
fopkj vFkkZr~ okD; gS vkSj blesa ikp 'kCn gSvkt]
a
rq>]s D;k] lw>h] gSA buesa
ls izR;sd 'kCn ,d Lora=k lkFkZd ofu gS vkSj mlls dksbZ ,d Hkkouk izdV gksrh gSA
b y] M+] dk vyx&vyx 'kCn ugha gSa] D;ksafd buls fdlh izk.kh] inkFkZ]
keZ ok muds ijLij lacak dk dksbZ cksk ugha gksrkA
^y] M+] dk v{kj dgkrs gS*a bl okD; esa y] M+] dk] v{kjksa dk iz;ksx 'kCnksa
ds leku gqvk gS( ijarq buls bu v{kjksa ds flok vkSj dksbZ Hkkouk izdV ugha
gksrhA bUgsa dsoy ,d fo'ks"k ij rqPN vFkZ esa 'kCn dg ldrs gSaA ij lkkkj.k
vFkZ esa budh x.kuk 'kCnksa esa ugha gks ldrhA ,sls gh fo'ks"k vFkZ esa fujFkZd ofu
Hkh 'kCn dgh tkrh gS( tSlyM+
s dk ^ck* dgrk gSA ikxy ^vYycYy* cdrk FkkA
bZ 'kCn ds y{k.k esa ^Lora=k* 'kCn j[kus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd Hkk"kk esa
dqN ofu;k ,slh gksrh gSa tks Lo;a lkFkZd ugha gksrha] ij tc os 'kCnksa ds lkFk
tksM+h tkrh gSa rc lkFkZd gksrh gSAa ,slh ijra=k ofu;ksa dks 'kCnka'k dgrs gS(a tSlrk]
s
60 / fganh O;kdj.k
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ru] okyk] us] dk bR;kfnA tks 'kCnka'k fdlh 'kCn ds igys tksM+k tkrk gS mls
milxZ dgrs gSa vkSj tks 'kCnka'k 'kCn ds ihNs tksM+k tkrk gS( og izR;; dgykrk
gS( tSl^v'kq
s )rk* 'kCn esa ^v* milxZ vkSj ^rk* izR;; gSA eq[; 'kCn ^'kq)* gSA
lw-v fganh esa ^'kCn* dk vFkZ cgqr gh lafnXk gSA ^vc rks rqEgkjh pkgh
ckr gqbbl
Z okD; esa rqEgkjh* Hkh 'kCn dgykrk gS] vkSj ftl ^rqe* ls ;g 'kCn
cuk gS] og ^rqe* Hkh 'kCn dgykrk gSA blh izdkj ^eu* vkSj ^pkgh* nks vyx&vyx
'kCn gSa vkSj nksuksa feydj ^eupkgh* ,d 'kCn cuk gSA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^'kCn*
dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx vFkks esa gqvk gS] blfy, 'kCn dk Bhd vFkZ tkuuk vko';d
gSA ftu izR;;ksa ds i'pkr~ nwljs izR;; ugha yxrs] mUgsa pje izR;; dgrs gSa] vkSj
pje izR;; yxus ds igys 'kCn dk tks ewy :i gksrk gS ;FkkFkZ esa ogh 'kCn gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy, ^nhurk ls* 'kCn dks yksA blesa ewy 'kCn vFkkZr~ izfr ^nhu*
gS vkSj izfr esa ^rr~* vkSj ^ls* nks izR;; yxs gSaA ^rk* izR;; ds i'pkr~ ^ls*
izR;; vkrk gS( ijarq ^ls* ds i'pkr~ dksbZ nwljk izR;; ugha yx ldrk] blfy,
^ls* ds igys] ^nhurk* ewy :i gS vkSj bldks 'kCn dgsaxsA pje izR;; yxus ls
'kCn dk tks :ikarj gksrk gS] ogh bldh ;FkkFkZ fofr gS] vkSj bls in dgrs
gSaA O;kdj.k esa 'kCn vkSj in dk varj cM+s ego dk gS vkSj 'kCnlkku esa bUgha
'kCnksa vkSj inksa dk fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
vO;kdj.k esa 'kCn vkSj oLrq 1 ds varj ij ;ku j[kuk vko';d gSA
;|fi O;kdj.k dk izkku fo"k; 'kCn gS] rFkkfi dHkh&dHkh ;g Hksn crkuk dfBu
gks tkrk gS fd ge dsoy 'kCnksa dk fopkj dj jgs gSa vFkok 'kCnksa ds }kjk fdlh
oLrq ds fo"k; esa dg jgs gSaA eku yks fd ge l`f"V esa ,d ?kVuk ns[krs gSa vkSj
rRlaca kh viuk fopkj okD;ksa esa bl izdkj O;Dr djrs gS^ekyh
a
Qy rksMr+ k
gSA* bl ?kVuk esa rksM+us dh f;k djusokyk drkZ ekyh gS( ijarq okD; esa ^ekyh*
'kCn dks drkZ dgrs gSa ;|fi ^ekyh* 'kCn dksbZ f;k ugha dj ldrkA blh
izdkj rksM+uk f;k dk Qy Qwy oLrq ij iM+rk gS( ijarq O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj
og Qy ^Qwy* 'kCn ij voyafcr ekuk tkrk gSA O;kdj.k esa oLrq vkSj mlds
okpd 'kCn ds lacak dk fopkj 'kCnksa ds :i] vFkZ] iz;ksx vkSj muds ijLij lacak
ls fd;k tkrk gSA
88- ijLij lacak j[kusokys nks ;k vfkd 'kCnksa dks] ftuls iwjh ckr ugha tkuh
tkrh] okD;ka'k dgrs gS(a tSl^?kj
s dk ?kj*] ^lp cksyuk*] ^nwj ls vk;k gqvk* bR;kfnA
89- ,d iw.kZ fopkj O;Dr djusokyk 'kCnlewg okD; dgykrk gS] tSl^yM+
s ds
Qwy chu jgs gSa*] ^fo|k ls uezrk izkIr gksrh gS* bR;kfnA
1- oLrq 'kCn ls ;gk izk.kh] inkFkZ] keZ vkSj muds ijLij lacak dk O;kid vFkZ ysuk pkfg,A
fganh O;kdj.k / 61
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nwljk v/;k;
'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k
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90- fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa euq"; dh Hkkouk, ftrus izdkj dh gksrh gSa]
mUgsa lwfpr djus ds fy, 'kCnksa ds mrus gh Hksn gksrs gSa vkSj muds mrus gh :ikarj
Hkh gksrs gSaA
eku yks fd ge ikuh ds fo"k; esa fopkj djrs gSa] rks ge ^ikuh* ;k mlds
vkSj fdlh lekukFkZd 'kCn dk iz;ksx djsaxsA fQj ;fn ge ikuh ds lacak esa dqN
dguk pkgsa rks gesa ^fxjk* ;k dksbZ nwljk 'kCn dguk iM+sxkA ^ikuh* vkSj ^fxjk*
nks vyx&vyx izdkj ds 'kCn gSa] D;ksafd mudk iz;ksx vyx&vyx gSA ^ikuh*
'kCn ,d inkFkZ dk uke lwfpr djrk gS vkSj ^fxjk* 'kCn ls ge ml inkFkZ ds
fo"k; esa dqN fokku djrs gSaA O;kdj.k esa inkFkZ dk uke lwfpr djusokys 'kCn
dks laKk dgrs gSaA vkSj ml inkFkZ ds fo"k; esa fokku djusokys 'kCn dks f;k
dgrs gSaA ^ikuh* 'kCn laKk vkSj ^fxjk* 'kCn f;k gSA
^ikuh* 'kCn ds lkFk ge nwljs 'kCn yxkdj ,d nwljk gh fopkj izdV dj
ldrs gS(a tSl^eS
s yk ikuh cgk*A bl okD; esa ^ikuh* 'kCn rks inkFkZ dk uke
gS vkSj ^cgk* 'kCn ikuh ds fo"k; esa fokku djrk gS] ijarq ^eSyk* 'kCn u rks
fdlh inkFkZ dk uke lwfpr djrk gS vkSj u fdlh inkFkZ ds fo"k; esa fokku
gh djrk gSA ^eSyk* 'kCn ikuh dh fo'ks"krk crkrk gS] blfy, og ,d vyx
gh tkfr dk 'kCn gSA inkFkZ dh fo'ks"krk crykusokys 'kCn dks O;kdj.k esa
fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSAa ^eSyk* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k gSA ^eSyk ikuh vHkh cgk*bl okD; esa
^vHkh* 'kCn u laKk gS] u f;k vkSj u fo'ks"k.k] og ^cgk* f;k dh fo'ks"krk
crykrk gS] blfy, og ,d nwljh gh tkfr dk 'kCn gS vkSj mls f;k&
fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA blh rjg okD; ds iz;ksx ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa ds vkSj Hkh Hksn
gksrs gSAa
91- iz;ksx ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa dh fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;ksa dks 'kCnHksn dgrs gSaA
'kCnksa dh fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;k crkuk mudk oxhZdj.k dgykrk gSA
vius fopkj izdV djus ds fy, gesa fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkoukvksa ds vuqlkj ,d
'kCn dks cgqkk dbZ :iksa esa dguk iM+rk gSA
eku yks fd gesa ^?kksM+k* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djds mlds okP; izk.kh dh la[;k
dk cksk djkuk gS rks ge ;g ?kqeko dh ckr u dgsaxs fd ?kksM+k uke ds nks ;k
vfkd tkuoj] fdarq ^?kksM+k* 'kCn ds vaR; ^vk* ds cnys ^,* djds ^?kksM+s* 'kCn
dk iz;ksx djsaxsA ^ikuh fxjk* bl okD; esa ;fn ge ^fxjk* 'kCn ls fdlh vkSj
62 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dky le; dk cksk djkuk pkgsa rks gesa fxjk ds cnys ^fxjsxk* ;k ^fxjrk gS*
dguk iM+sxkA blh izdkj vkSj vkSj 'kCnksa ds Hkh :ikarj gksrs gSaA
'kCn ds vFkZ esa gsj&Qsj djus ds fy, ml 'kCn ds :i esa tks gsj&Qsj
gksrk gS] mls :ikarj dgrs gSa
92- ,d inkFkZ ds uke ds lacak ls cgqkk nwljs inkFkks ds uke j[ks tkrs
gS]a blfy, ,d 'kCn ls dbZ u, 'kCn curs gS(a tSl^nw
s k ls nwkokyk*] ^nqkkj*]
^nqfk;k* bR;kfnA dHkh&dHkh nks ;k vfkd 'kCnksa ds esy ls ,d u;k 'kCn curk
gS( tSlxas xkty] pkSdksu] jkeiqj] f=kdkyn'khZ bR;kfnA
,d 'kCn ls nwljk u;k 'kCn cukus dh izf;k dks O;qRifk dgrs gSaA
93- okD; ds iz;ksx ds vuqlkj 'kCnksa ds vkB Hksn gksrs gSa
1 oLrqvksa ds uke crkusokys 'kCn----------laKkA
2 oLrqvksa ds fo"k; esa fokku djusokys 'kCn----------f;kA
3 oLrqvksa dh fo'ks"krk crkusokys 'kCn----------fo'ks"k.kA
4 fokku djusokys 'kCnksa dh fo'ks"krk crkusokys 'kCn----------f;kfo'ks"k.kA
5 laKk ds cnys vkusokys 'kCn----------loZukeA
6 f;k ls ukekFkZd 'kCnksa dk laca k lwfpr djusokys 'kCn----------laca klwpdA
7 nks 'kCnksa ok okD;ksa dks feykusokysA 'kCn----------leqPp;ckskdA
8 dsoy euksfodkj lwfpr djusokys 'kCn----------foLe;kfnckskdA
d uhps fy[ks okD;ksa esa vkBksa 'kCnHksnksa ds mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSa
^vjs! lwjt Mwc x;k vkSj rqe vHkh blh xko ds ikl fQj jgs gks!*
^vjs*(foLe;kfnckskd gSA ;g 'kCn dsoy euksfodkj lwfpr djrk gSA ;fn
ge bl 'kCn dks okD; ls fudky nsa rks okD; ds vFkZ esa dqN Hkh varj u iM+sxkA
lwjtlaKk gS( D;ksfa d ;g 'kCn ,d oLrq dk uke lwfpr djrk gSA
Mwc x;kf;k gS( D;ksfa d bl 'kCn ls ge lwjt ds fo"k; esa fokku djrs gSAa
vkSjleqPp;ckskd gSA ;g 'kCn nks okD;ksa dks tksMr+ k gSA
1 lwjt Mwc x;kA
2 rqe vHkh blh xko ds ikl fQj jgs gksA
rqeloZuke gS( D;ksfa d og uke ds cnys vk;k gSA
vHkhf;kfo'ks"k.k gS vkSj ^fQj jgs gks* f;k dh fo'ks"krk crykrk gSA
blhfo'ks"k.k gS( D;ksfa d og xko dh fo'ks"krk gSA
xkolaKk gSA
ds'kCnka'k izR;; gS] D;ksfa d og ^xko* 'kCn ds lkFk vkdj lkFkZd gksrk gSA
ikllaca klwpd gSA ;g 'kCn ^xko* dk laca k ^fQj jgs gks* f;k ls
feykrk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 63
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1 HkkoukRed 'kCn
okD; dk ms'; gksusokys 'kCn-----------laKkA
foks ; gks u s o kys 'kCn-----------f;kA
laKk dk keZ crkusokys 'kCn-----------fo'ks"k.kA
f;k dk keZ crkusokys 'kCn-----------f;kfo'ks"k.kA
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vxjsth esa Hkh ftlds vuqlkj fganh esa vkB 'kCnHksn ekuus dh pky iM+h gS
blds fo"k; esa oS;kdj.k ,der ughaA mu yksxksa esa fdlh us nks] fdlh us
vkB vkSj fdlh us ukS rd Hksn ekus gSaA bl erHksn dk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;s oxhZdj.k
iw.kZr;k oSKkfud vkkkj ij ugha fd, x,A dqN fo}kuksa us bu 'kCn Hksnksa dks
rdZlEer vkkkj nsus dh ps"Vk dh gS] ftldk ,d mnkgj.k uhps fn;k tkrk gS
2 laca/kkRed 'kCn
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izR;sd 'kk[kk esa tks leqUufr dh gS] mls ge yksx lgt gh esa ugha Hkqyk ldrsA
;fn laLr esa 'kCnksa ds vkB Hksn ugha ekus x, gSa] rks fganh esa mUgsa mi;ksfxrk
dh n`f"V ls ekuus esa dksbZ gkfu ugha] fdarq ykHk gh gSA
;gk vc ;g iz'u gks ldrk gS fd tc ge laLr ds vuqlkj 'kCnHksn
ugha ekurs rc fQj laLr ds ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx D;ksa djrs gSa\ bldk
mkj ;g gS fd ;s 'kCn fganh esa izpfyr gSa vkSj ge yksxksa dks budk fganh vFkZ
le>us esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gksrhA blfy, fcuk fdlh fo'ks"k dkj.k ds izpfyr
'kCnksa dk R;kx mfpr ughaA fdlh&fdlh iqLrd esa ^laKk* ds fy, ^uke* vkSj
^loZuke* ds fy, ^laKkizfrfufk* 'kCn vk, gSa vkSj dksbZ&dksbZ yksx ^vO;;* ds
fy, ^fuikr* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ijarq izpfyr 'kCnksa dks bl izdkj cnyus
ls xM+cM+ ds flok dksbZ ykHk ughaA bl iqLrd esa vfkdka'k ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn
^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* ls fy, x, gSa] D;ksafd funksZ"k u gksus ij Hkh og iqLrd cgqr fnuksa
ls izpfyr gS vkSj mlds ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn ge yksxksa ds fy, u, ugha gSaA
96O;qRifk ds vuqlkj 'kCn nks izdkj ds gksrs gS1
a :<+] 2 ;kSfxdA
1 :<+ mu 'kCnksa dks dgrs gS]a tks nwljs 'kCnksa ds ;ksx ls ugha cus( tSlukd]
s
dku] ihyk] >V] ij bR;kfnA
2 tks 'kCn nwljs 'kCnksa ds ;ksx ls curs gSa mUgsa ;kSfxd 'kCn dgrs gSa(
tSls drjuh] ihykiu] nwkokyk] >ViV] ?kqM+lky bR;kfnA
lw-;kSfxd 'kCnksa esa gh lkekfld 'kCnksa dk lekos'k gksrk gSA
vFkZ ds vuqlkj ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dk ,d Hksn ;ksx:<+ dgkrk gS] ftlls dksbZ
fo'ks"k vFkZ ik;k tkrk gS( tSlyEcks
s nj] fxfjkkjh] tyn] iadt bR;kfnA ^iadt*
'kCn ds [kaMksa iad+t dk vFkZ ^dhpM+ ls mRiUu* gS] ij mlls dsoy dey dk
fo'ks"k vFkZ fy;k tkrk gSA
lw-fganh O;kdj.k dh dbZ iqLrdksa esa ;s lc Hksn dsoy laKkvksa ds ekus
x, gSa vkSj muesa milxZ;qDr laKkvksa ds mnkgj.k ugha fn, x, gSaA fganh esa ;kSfxd
'kCn milxZ vkSj izR;; nksuksa ds ;ksx ls curs gSa vkSj muesa laKkvksa ds flok nwljs
'kCnHksn Hkh vkrs gSa ns- 198ok vadA
bl fo"k; dk lfoLr`r foospu nwljs Hkkx ds vkjaHk esa 'kCnlkku ds O;qRifk
izdj.k esa fd;k tk;xkA
66 / fganh O;kdj.k
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igyk [kaM
fodkjh 'kCn
igyk v/;k;
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97- laKk ml fodkjh 'kCn dks dgrs gSa ftlls izr fdaok dfYir l`f"V dh fdlh
oLrq dk uke lwfpr gks] tSl?kj]
s vkdk'k] xaxk] nsork] v{kj] cy] tknw bR;kfnA
d bl y{k.k esa ^oLrq* 'kCn dk mi;ksx vR;ar O;kid vFkZ esa fd;k
x;k gSA og dsoy izk.kh vkSj inkFkZ gh dk okpd ugha gS] fdarq muds keks dk
Hkh okpd gSA lkkkj.k Hkk"kk esa ^oLrq* 'kCn dk mi;ksx bl vFkZ esa ugha gksrk]
ijarq 'kkL=kh; xazFkksa esa O;or 'kCnksa dk vFkZ dqN ?kVk&c<+kdj fuf'pr dj ysuk
pkfg, ftlls mlesa dksbZ lansg u jgsA
fV-O;kdj.k esa fn, gq, lc y{k.k rdZlEer jhfr ls fd, gq, ugha tku
iM+rs( blfy, ;gk rdZlEer y{k.kksa ds fo"k; esa la{ksir% dqN dgus dh vko';drk
gSA fdlh Hkh in dk y{k.k dgus esa nks ckrsa crkuh iM+rh gS1
a ftl tkfr
esa ml in dk lekos'k gksrk gS] og tkfr( vkSj 2 y{; in dk vlkkkj.k keZ]
vFkkZr~ y{; in ds vFkZ dks ml tkfr dh vU; mitkfr;ksa ds vFkZ ls vyx
djus okyk keZA fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ le>kus ds dbZ mik; gks ldrs gSa] ij mu
lcdks y{k.k ugha dg ldrsA ftl y{k.k esa y{; in Li"V vFkok xqIr jhfr
ls vkrk gS og 'kq) y{k.k ugha gSA blh izdkj ,d 'kCn dk vFkZ nwljs 'kCn ds
}kjk crkuk vFkkZr~ mldk i;kZ;okph 'kCn dguk Hkh ml 'kCn dk y{k.k ughaA
;fn ge laKk dk U;k;ksDr y{k.k dguk pkgsa rks gesa mldh tkfr vkSj vlkkkj.k
keZ crkuk pkfg,A ftl vfkd O;kid oxZ esa laKk dk lekos'k gksrk gS] ogh
mldh tkfr gS] vkSj ml tkfr dh nwljh mitkfr;ksa ls laKk ds vFkZ esa tks fHkUurk
gS] ogh mldk vlkkkj.k keZ gSA laKk dk lekos'k fodkjh 'kCnksa esa gS( blhfy,
^fodkjh 'kCn* laKk dh tkfr gS vkSj ^izr fdaok dfYir l`f"V dh fdlh oLrq
dk uke lwfpr djuk* mldk vlkkkj.k keZ gSA tks fodkjh 'kCn dh mitkfr;ksa]
vFkkZr~ loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkfn esa ugha ik;k tkrkA blfy, ij dgh gqbZ laKk
fganh O;kdj.k / 67
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dh ifjHkk"kk] U;k;n`f"V ls Lohdj.kh; gSA y{k.k esa vO;kfIr vkSj vfrO;kfIr nks"k
u gksus pkfg,A tc y{; in ds vlkkkj.k keZ ds cnys fdlh ,sls keZ dk mYys[k
fd;k tkrk gS tks mldh tkfr ds lc O;fDr;ksa esa ugha ik;k tkrk] rc y{k.k
esa vO;kfIr nks"k gksrk gS] tSl;fn
s euq"; ds y{k.k esa ;g dgk tk, fd ^euq";
og foosdh izk.kh gS] tks O;Dr Hkk"kk cksyrk gS* rks bl y{k.k esa vO;kfIr nks"k
gS] D;ksafd O;Dr Hkk"kk cksyus dk keZ xwxs euq";ksa esa ugha ik;k tkrkA blds fo#)]
tc y{; in dk keZ mldh tkfr ls fHkUu tkfr;ksa ds O;fDr;ksa esa Hkh ?kfVr
gksrk gS] rc y{k.k esa vfrO;kfIr nks"k gksrk gS( tSlou
s dk y{k.k djus esa ;g
dguk vfrO;kfIr nks"k gS fd ^ou LFky dk og Hkkx gS] tks l?ku o`{kksa ls <dk
jgrk gS* D;ksafd l?ku o`{kksa ls <ds jgus dk keZ ioZr vkSj cxhps esa Hkh ik;k
tkrk gSA
fganh O;kdj.kksa esa fn, x,] laKk ds y{k.kksa ds dqN mnkgj.k uhps fn, tkrs gSa
1 laKk inkFkZ ds uke dks dgrs gSaA
Hkk-r-cks-
2 laKk oLrq ds uke dks dgrs gSaA
Hkk-Hkk-
3 inkFkZ ek=k dks laKk dgrs gSaA
Hkk-r-nh-
4 oLrq ds uke ek=k dks laKk dgrs gSaA
fga-Hkk-O;k-A
;s y{k.k ns[kus esa lgt tku iM+rs gSa vkSj NksVs&NksVs fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds cksk ds
fy, rdZlEer y{k.kksa dh vis{kk vfkd mi;ksxh gSa] ijarq ;s Bhd 'kq) ;k funksZ"k
y{k.k ugha gSaA buls dsoy ;gh tkuk tkrk gS fd ^laKk* dk i;kZ;okph 'kCn
^uke* gS vFkok uke dk i;kZ;okph 'kCn ^laKk* gSA blds flok bu y{k.kksa esa
dfYir l`f"V dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gSA cSrky iPphlh] 'kqdcgkjh] fgrksins'k vkfn
dfYir fo"k;ksa dh iqLrdksa esa rFkk dfYir ukVdksa vkSj miU;klksa esa ftl l`f"V
dk o.kZu jgrk gS ml l`f"V ds izkf.k;ksa] inkFkks vkSj keks ds uke Hkh O;kdj.k
ds laKk oxZ esa vk ldrs gSaA bl n`f"V ls ij fy[ks y{k.kksa esa vO;kfIr nks"k
Hkh gSA
[k ^laKk* 'kCn dk mi;ksx oLrq ds fy, ugha gksrk] fdarq oLrq ds uke
ds fy, gksrk gSA ftl dkxt ij ;g iqLrd Nih gS] og dkxt laKk ugha gS%
fdarq inkFkZ gS] ij ^dkxt* 'kCn ftlds }kjk ge ml inkFkZ dk uke lwfpr djrs
gSa] laKk gSA
98- laKk nks izdkj dh gksrh gS1 inkFkZ okpd] 2 HkkookpdA
99- ftl laKk ls fdlh inkFkZ ok inkFkks ds lewg dk cksk gksrk gS mls
inkFkZokpd laKk dgrs gS(a tSljke]
s jktk] ?kksM+k] dkxt] dk'kh] lHkk] HkhM+ bR;kfnA
lw-bu y{k.kksa esa ^inkFkZ* 'kCn dk iz;ksx tM+ vkSj psru nksuksa izdkj ds
inkFkks ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
68 / fganh O;kdj.k
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102- ftl laKk ls fdlh tkfr ds lEiw.kZ inkFkks ok muds lewgksa dk cksk
gksrk gS] mls tkfrokpd laKk dgrs gS(a tSleuq
s ";] ?kj] igkM+] unh] lHkk bR;kfnA
fgeky;] foa;kpy] uhyfxfj vkSj vkcw ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gSa] D;ksafd os
vyx&vyx O;fDr gSa( ijarq os ,d eq[; keZ esa leku gSa] vFkkZr~ os kjrh ds cgqr
ps Hkkx gSaA bl lkkE;Z ds dkj.k mudh fxurh ,d gh tkfr esa gksrh gS vkSj bl
tkfr dk uke ^igkM+* gSA fgeky;] foa;kpy] uhyfxfj] vkcw vkSj bl tkfr ds nwljs
lc O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ^igkM+* uke vkrk gSA ^fgeky;* dgus ls bl uke ds dsoy
,d gh igkM+ dk cksk gksrk gS] ij ^igkM+* dgus ls fgeky;] uhyfxfj] foa;kpy]
vkcw vkSj bl tkfr ds nwljs lc inkFkZ lwfpr gksrs gSaA blfy, igkM+ tkfrokpd
laKk gSA blh izdkj xaxk] ;equk] flakq] cziq=k vkSj bl tkfr ds nwljs lc O;fDr;ksa
ds fy, ^unh* uke dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS( blfy, unh 'kCn tkfrokpd laKk
gS % yksxksa ds lewg dk uke ^lHkk* gSA ,sls lewg dbZ gS(a tSl^ukxjhiz
s
pkfj.kh*]
^dkU;dqCt*] ^egktu*] ^fgrdkfj.kh* bR;kfnA bu lc lewgksa dks lwfpr djus ds
fy, ^lHkk* 'kCn dk iz;ksx gS] blfy, ^lHkk* tkfrokpd laKk gSA
tkfrokpd laKk, vFkZoku~ gksrh gSaA ;fn ge fdlh LFkku dk uke ^iz;kx*
ds cnys ^bykgkckn* j[k nsa rks yksx mls blh uke ls iqdkjus yxsaxs] ijarq ;fn
ge 'kgj dks ^unh* dgsa rks dksbZ gekjh ckr u le>sxkA ^iz;kx* vkSj ^bykgkckn*
esa dsoy uke dk varj gS] ijarq 'kgj vkSj ^unh* 'kCnksa esa vFkZ dk varj gSA iz;kx
'kCn ls mlds okP; inkFkZ dk dksbZ Hkh keZ lwfpr ugha gksrk( ijarq 'kgj 'kCn
ls gekjss eu esa cM+s&cM+s ?kjksa ds lewg dh Hkkouk mRiUu gksrh gSA blh izdkj ^lHkk*
'kCn lquus ls gesa mldk vFkZKku euq";ksa ds lewg dk cksk lgt gh gks tkrk
gS( ijarq ^fgrdkfj.kh* dgus ls oSlk dksbZ keZ izdV ugha gksrkA
lw-;|fi igpku ds fy, euq";ksa vkSj LFkkuksa dks fo'ks"k uke nsuk vko';d
gS] rFkkfi bl ckr dh vko';drk ugha gS fd izR;sd izk.kh ;k inkFkZ dks dksbZ
fo'ks"k uke fn;k tk;A L;kgh ls fy[kus ds dke esa vkusokys izR;sd inkFkZ dks
ge ^dye* 'kCn ls lwfpr dj ldrs gSa( blfy, ^dye* uke ls izR;sd vdsys
inkFkZ dks vyx&vyx uke nsus dh vko';drk ugha gSA ;fn izR;sd vdsys inkFkZ
tSlizs R;sd lwbZ dk ,d vyx fo'ks"k uke j[kk tk; rks Hkk"kk cgqr gh tfVy
gks tk;xhA blfy, vfkdka'k inkFkks dk cksk tkfrokpd laKkvksa ls gks tkrk
gS vkSj O;fDrokpd laKkvksa dk iz;ksx dsoy Hkwy ;k xM+cM+ feVkus ds fopkj
ls fd;k tkrk gSA
103- ftl laKk ls inkFkZ esa ik, tkusokys fdlh keZ dk cksk gksrk gS mls
Hkkookpd laKk dgrs gS(a tSlyEckbZ
s
] prqjkbZ] cq<k+ ik] uezrk] feBkl] le>] pky]
bR;kfnA
70 / fganh O;kdj.k
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izR;sd inkFkZ esa dksbZ u dksbZ keZ gksrk gSA ikuh esa 'khryrk] vkx esa m".krk]
lksus esa Hkkjhiu] euq"; esa foosd vkSj i'kq esa vfoosd jgrk gSA tc ge dgrs
gSa fd veqd inkFkZ ikuh gS] rc gekjs eu esa mlds ,d ok vfkd keks dh Hkkouk
jgrh gS vkSj bUgha keks dh Hkkouk ls ge ml inkFkZ dks ikuh ds cnys dksbZ nwljk
inkFkZ ugha le>rsA inkFkZ ekus dqN fo'ks"k keks ds esy ls cuh gqbZ ,d ewfrZ
gSA izR;sd euq"; dks izR;sd inkFkZ ds lHkh keks dk Kku gksuk dfBu gS ijarq
ftl inkFkZ dks og tkurk gS] mlds ,d u ,d keZ dk ifjp; mls vo'; jgrk
gSA dksbZ&dksbZ keZ ,d ls vfkd inkFkks esa Hkh ik, tkrs gSa( tSls yackbZ] pkSM+kbZ]
eqVkbZ] otu] vkdkj bR;kfnA
inkFkZ dk keZ inkFkZ ls vyx ugha jg ldrk vFkkZr~ ge ;g ugha dg ldrs
fd ;g ?kksM+k gS vkSj og mldk cy ;k :i gSA rks Hkh ge viuh dYiuk 'kfDr
ds }kjk ijLij lacak j[kusokyh Hkkoukvksa dks vyx dj ldrs gSaA ge ?kksM+s ds
vkSj&vkSj keks dh Hkkouk u djds dsoy mlds cy dh Hkkouk eu esa yk ldrs
gSa vkSj vko';drk gksus ij Hkkouk dks fdlh nwljs izk.kh tSls gkFkh ds cy dh
Hkkouk ds lkFk feyk ldrs gSaA
ftl izdkj tkfrokpd laKk, vFkZoku~ gksrh gSa] mlh izdkj Hkkookpd laKk,
Hkh vFkZoku~ gksrh gSa] D;ksafd muds leku buls Hkh keZ dk cksk gksrk gSA O;fDrokpd
laKk ds leku Hkkookpd laKk ls Hkh fdlh ,d gh Hkko dk cksk gksrk gSA
^keZ*] ^xq.k* vkSj ^Hkko* izk;% i;kZ;okpd 'kCn gSaA ^Hkko* 'kCn dk mi;ksx
O;kdj.k ds uhps fy[ks vFkks esa gksrk gS
d keZ&xq.k ds vFkZ es(a tSlBas MkbZ] 'khryrk] khjt] feBkl] cy] cqf)]
ksk vkfnA
[k voLFkkuhan] jksx] mtkyk] vksjk] ihM+k] nfjnzrk] lQkbZ bR;kfnA
x O;kikjp<+kbZ] cgko] nku] Hktu] cksypky] nkSM]+ i<+uk bR;kfnA
104- Hkkookpd laKk, cgqkk rhu izdkj ds 'kCnksa ls cukbZ tkrh gSa
d tkfrokpd laKk lstSlcqs <k+ ik] yM+diu] fe=krk] nklRo] iafMrkbZ]
jkT;] ekSu bR;kfnA
[k fo'ks"k.k ls( tSlxjeh]
s
ljnh] dBksjrk] feBkl] cM+Iiu] prqjkbZ] kS;Z
bR;kfnA
x f;k ls( tSl?kcjkgV]
s
ltkoV] p<+kbZ] cgko] ekj] nkSM]+ pyu bR;kfnA
105- tc O;fDrokpd laKk dk iz;ksx ,d gh uke ds vusd O;fDr;ksa
dk cksk djkus ds fy, vFkok fdlh O;fDr dk vlkkkj.k keZ lwfpr djus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gS] rc O;fDrokpd laKk tkfrokpd gks tkrh gS( tSl^dgq
s
jko.k] jko.k tx dsrsA jkek- ^jke rhu gSaA* ^;'kksnk gekjs ?kj dh y{eh gSA*
^dfy;qx ds HkheA*
fganh O;kdj.k / 71
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igys mnkgj.k esa igyk ^jko.k* 'kCn O;fDrokpd laKk gS vkSj nwljk ^jko.k*
'kCn tkfrokpd laKk gSA rhljs mnkgj.k esa ^y{eh* laKk tkfrokpd gS( D;ksafd
mlls fo".kq dh L=kh dk cksk ugha gksrk] fdarq y{eh ds leku ,d xq.korh L=kh
dk cksk gksrk gSA blh izdkj ^jke* vkSj ^Hkhe* Hkh tkfrokpd laKk, gSaA ^xqIrksa
dh 'kfDr {kh.k gksus ij ;g Lora=k gks x;k FkkA* jl-A bl okD; esa ^xqIrksa*
'kCn ls vusd O;fDr;ksa dk cksk gksus ij Hkh og uke O;fDrokpd laKk gS] D;ksafd
blls fdlh O;fDr ds fo'ks"k keZ dk cksk ugha gksrk] fdarq dqN O;fDr;ksa ds ,d
fo'ks"k lewg dk cksk gksrk gSA
106- dqN tkfrokpd laKkvksa dk iz;ksx O;fDrokpd laKkvksa ds leku
gksrk gS( tSliqs jh txUukFk] nsoh nqxkZ] nk cynso] laor~ foeh
laor~ bR;kfnA blh oxZ esa os 'kCn 'kkfey gSa] tks eq[; ukeksa ds cnys miuke
ds :i esa vkrs gS(a tSlflrkjs
s
fgan jktk f'koizlkn] Hkkjrsna q ckcw gfj'pan]z
xqlkb th xksLokeh rqylhnkl] nf{k.k nf{k.kh fganqLrku bR;kfnA
cgqr lh ;ksx:<+ laKk,] tSlx.ks
s 'k] guqeku] fgeky;] xksiky bR;kfn ewy
esa tkfrokpd laKk, gSa( ijarq vc budk iz;ksx tkfrokpd vFkZ esa ugha fdarq
O;fDrokpd vFkZ esa gksrk gSA
107- dHkh&dHkh Hkkookpd laKk dk iz;ksx tkfrokpd laKk ds leku gksrk
gS( tSl^mlds
s
vkxs lc :iorh fL=k;k fujknj gS*a 'kdq-A bl okD; esa ^fujknj*
'kCn ls ^fujknj;ksX; L=kh* dk cksk gksrk gSA ^;s lc dSls vPNs ifgjkos gSa* lj-A
;gk ^ifgjkos* dk vFkZ ^ifguus ds oL=k* gSaA
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108- loZuke dk mi;ksx laKk ds LFkku esa gksrk gS] tSls ^eSa lkjFkh jkl
[khaprk gwA* 'kdq-A ^;g 'kdqaryk ou esa iM+h feyh FkhA* 'kdq-A
109- fo'ks"k.k dHkh&dHkh laKk ds LFkku esa vkrk gS( tSl^blds
s
cM+kas dk
;g ladYi gS* 'kdq-A ^NksVs cM+s u S ldsa* lr-A
110- dksb&Z dksbZ f;kfo'ks"k.k laKkvksa ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrs gS(a tSls
ftldk Hkhrj ckgj ,d lk gks* lR;-A ^gk esa gk feykuk*A ^;gk dh Hkwfe vPNh
gS* Hkk"kk-A
111- dHkh&dHkh foLe;kfnckskd 'kCn laKk ds leku iz;qDr gksrk gS(
tSl^ogk
s
gk; gk; eph gSA* ^mudh cM+h okg okg gqbZA*
112- dksbZ Hkh 'kCn ok v{kj dsoy mlh 'kCn ok v{kj ds vFkZ esa laKk
ds leku mi;ksx esa vk ldrk gS( tSl^eS
s *a loZuke gSA rqEgkjs ys[k esa dbZ ckj
^fQj* vk;k gSA ^dk* esa ^vk* dh ek=kk feyh gSA ^{k* la;Dq r v{kj gS ns- vad87 bA
72 / fganh O;kdj.k
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Vh-laKk ds Hksnksa ds fo"k; esa fganh oS;kdj.kksa dk ,der ugha gSA vfkdka'k
fganh O;kdj.kksa esa laKk ds ikp Hksn ekus x, gStkfrokpd]
a
O;fDrokpd]
xq.kokpd] Hkkookpd vkSj loZukeA ;s Hksn dqN rks laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj
vkSj dqN vxjsth O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj gSa rFkk dqN :i ds vuqlkj vkSj dqN iz;ksx
ds vuqlkj gSaA laLr ds ^izkfrifnd* uked 'kCnHksn esa laKk] xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
vkSj loZuke dk lekos'k gksrk gS( D;ksafd ml Hkk"kk esa bu rhuksa 'kCnHksnksa dk :ikarj
izk;% ,d gh ls izR;;ksa ds iz;ksx }kjk gksrk gSA dnkfpr~ blh vkkkj ij fganh
oS;kdj.k rhuksa 'kCnHksnksa dks laKk ekurs gSaA nwljk dkj.k ;g tku iM+rk gS fd
laKk] loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k] bu rhuksa gh ls oLrqvksa dk izR;{k ok ijks{k cksk
gksrk gSA loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k dks laKk ds varxZr ekuuk pkfg, vFkok mlls
fHkUu vyx&vyx oxks esa j[kuk pkfg,] bl fo"k; dk foospu vkxs pydj loZuke
vkSj fo'ks"k.k lacakh v;k;ksa esa fd;k tk,xkA ;gk dsoy laKk ds miHksnksa ij
fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
laKk ds tkfrokpd] O;fDrokpd vkSj Hkkookpd miHksn laLr O;kdj.k
esa ugha gSaA ;s miHksn vxjsth O;kdj.k esa] nks vyx&vyx vkkkjksa ij vFkZ ds
vuqlkj fd, x, gSaA igys vkkkj esa bl ckr dk fopkj fd;k x;k gS fd laiw.kZ
laKkvksa ls ;k rks oLrqvksa dk cksk gksrk gS ;k keks dk] bl n`f"V ls laKkvksa ds
nks Hksn ekus x, gS1
a inkFkZokpd] 2 HkkookpdA nwljs vkkkj esa dsoy
inkFkZokpd laKkvksa ds vFkZ dk fopkj fd;k x;k gS fd muls ;k rks O;fDr vdsys
inkFkZ dk cksk gksrk gS ;k tkfr vusd inkFkks dk vkSj bl n`f"V ls inkFkZokpd
laKkvksa ds nks Hksn fd, x, gS1
a O;fDrokpd] 2 tkfrokpdA nksuksa vkkkjksa
dks feykdj laKk ds rhu Hksn gksrs gS1
a O;fDrokpd] 2 tkfrokpd vkSj
3 HkkookpdA loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k dks NksM+dj laKkvksa ds ;s rhu Hksn fganh
ds dbZ O;kdj.kksa esa ik, tkrs gSa] ijarq muesa bl oxhZdj.k ds fdlh Hkh vkkkj
dk mYys[k ugha feyrkA fganh ds lcls iqjkus vkne lkgc ds fy[ks gq, ,d
NksVs ls O;kdj.k esa laKk dk ,d vkSj Hksn ^f;kokpd* ds uke ls fn;k x;k
gSA geus f;kokpd laKk dks Hkkookpd laKk ds varxZr ekuk gS] D;ksafd Hkkookpd
laKk ds y{k.k esa f;kokpd laKk Hkh vk tkrh gSA Hkk"kk HkkLdj esa ;g laKk
f;k dk lkkkj.k :i ok ^f;kFkZd laKk* dgh xbZ gSA mlesa ;g Hkh fy[kk gS
fd ;g kkrq ls curh gS ns- vad 188 vA ;g Hksn O;qRifk ds vuqlkj gS vkSj
;fn bl izdkj ,d gh le; ,d ls vfkd vkkkjksa ij oxhZdj.k fd;k tk;
rks dbZ ladh.kZ foHkkx gks tk;xsA
;gk vc eq[; fopkj ;g gS fd tc laKk ds ij dgs gq, rhu Hksn laLr
esa ugha gSa] rc mUgsa fganh essa ekuus dh D;k vko';drk gS\ ;FkkFkZ esa vFkZ ds
fganh O;kdj.k / 73
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vuqlkj 'kCnksa ds Hksn djuk rdZ'kkL=k dk fo"k; gS] blfy, O;kdj.k esa bu Hksnksa
dks dsoy mudh vko';drk gksus ij ekuuk pkfg,A fganh esa bu Hksnksa dk dke
:ikarj vkSj O;qRifk esa iM+rk gS] blfy, ;s Hksn laLr esa u gkssus ij Hkh fganh
esa vko';d gSaA laLr esa Hkh ijks{k :i ls Hkkookpd laKk ekuh xbZ gSA ds'kojke
Hk r ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa laKk ds Hksnksa esa laLr dh pky ij Hkkookpd
laKk dk uke ugha gS] ij fyaxfu.kZ; esa ;g uke vk;k gSA tc O;kdj.k esa laKk
ds bl Hksn dk dke iM+rk gS] rc bldks Lohdkj djus esa D;k gkfu gS\
fdlh&fdlh fganh O;kdj.k esa laaKk ds leqnk;okpd vkSj nzO;okpd1 uke
ds vkSj nks Hksn ekus x, gSa ij vxjsth ds leku fganh esa budh fo'ks"k vko';drk
ugha iM+rhA buds flok leqnk;okpd dk lekos'k O;fDrokpd rFkk tkfrokpd
esa vkSj nzO;okpd dk lekos'k tkfrokpd esa gks tkrk gSA
nwljk v/;k;
loZuke
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113- loZuke ml fodkjh 'kCn dks dgrs gSa tks iwokZij lacak ls fdlh Hkh
laKk ds cnys esa vkrk gS] tSleSs a cksyusokyk] rw lquusokyk] ;g fudVorhZ
oLrq] og nwjorhZ oLrq bR;kfnA
fV-fganh ds izk;% lHkh oS;kdj.k loZuke dks laKk dk ,d Hksn ekurs
gSaA laLr esa ^loZ* izkfrifnd ds leku ftu ukeksa laKkvksa dk :ikarj gksrk
gS mudk ,d vyx oxZ ekudj mldk uke ^loZuke* j[kk x;k gSA ^loZuke*
'kCn ,d vkSj vFkZ esa Hkh vk ldrk gSA og ;g gS fd loZ lc ukeksa laKkvksa
ds cnys esa tks 'kCn vkrk gS] mls loZuke dgrs gSaA fganh esa loZuke 'kCn ls
;gh fiNyk vFkZ fy;k tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vuqlkj oS;kdj.k loZuke dks laKk
dk Hksn ekurs gSaA ;FkkFkZ esa loZuke ,d izdkj dk uke vFkkZr~ laKk gh gSA ftl
izdkj laKkvksa ds miHksn O;fDrokpd] tkfrokpd vkSj Hkkookpd gSa] mlh izdkj
loZuke Hkh ,d miHksn gks ldrk gS] ij loZuke esa ,d fo'ks"k foy{k.krk gS] tks
laKk esa ugha ikbZ tkrhA laKk ls lnk mlh oLrq dk cksk gksrk gS] ftldk og
1- tks inkFkZ dsoy <sj ds :i esa ukik&rkSyk tkrk gS] mls nzO; dgrs gSa( tSls vukt] nwk] ?kh] 'kDdj]
lksuk bR;kfnA
74 / fganh O;kdj.k
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laKk uke gS( ijarq loZuke ls] iwokZij lacak ds vuqlkj] fdlh Hkh oLrq dk cksk
gks ldrk gSA ^yM+dk* 'kCn ls yM+ds gh dk cksk gksrk gS] ?kj] lM+d vkfn dk
cksk ugha gks ldrk( ijarq ^og* dgus ls iwokZij lacak ds vuqlkj] yM+dk ?kj]
lM+d] gkFkh] ?kksM+k vkfn fdlh Hkh oLrq dk cksk gks ldrk gSA ^eSa* cksyusokys
ds uke ds cnys vkrk gS] blfy, tc cksyusokyk eksgu gS] rc ^eSa* dk vFkZ
eksgu gS] ijarq tc cksyusokyk [kjgk gS tSlk cgqkk dFkk dgkfu;ksa esa gksrk gS
rc ^eSa* dk vFkZ [kjgk gksrk gSA loZuke dh blh foy{k.krk ds dkj.k mls fganh
esa ,d vyx 'kCnHksn ekurs gSaA ^Hkk"kkronhfidk* esa Hkh loZuke laKk ls fHkUu
ekuk x;k gS( ijarq mlesa loZuke dk tks y{k.k fn;k x;k gS] og funksZ"k ugha gSA
^uke dks ,d ckj dgdj fQj mldh txg tks 'kCn vkrk gS] mls loZuke dgrs
gSaA* ;g y{k.k ^eSa*] ^rw*] ^dkSu* vkfn loZukeksa esa ?kfVr ugha gksrk( blfy, blesa
vO;kfIr nks"k gS( vkSj dgha&dgha ;g laKkvksa esa Hkh ?kfVr gks ldrk gS] blfy,
blesa vfrO;kfIr nks"k Hkh gSA ,d gh laKk dk mi;ksx ckj&ckj djus ls Hkk"kk
dh ghurk lwfpr gksrh gS] blfy, ,d laKk ds cnys mlh vFkZ dh nwljh laKk
dk mi;ksx djus dh pky gSA ;g ckr Nan ds fopkj ls dfork esa cgqkk gksrh
gS( tSleuq
s "; ds cnys ^ekuo*] ^uj* vkfn 'kCn fy[ks tkrs gSAa loZuke ds iwoksDZ r
y{k.k ds vuqlkj bu lc i;kZokph 'kCnksa dks Hkh loZuke dguk iM+sxkA ;|fi
loZuke ds dkj.k laKk dks ckj&ckj ugha nqgjkuk iM+rk gS] rFkkfi loZuke dk ;g
mi;ksx mldk vlkkkj.k keZ ugha gSA
Hkk"kkpanzksn; esa ^loZuke* ds fy, ^laKkizfrfufk* 'kCn dk mi;ksx fd;k
x;k gS vkSj laKkizfrfufk ds dbZ Hksnksa esa ,d dk uke ^loZuke* j[kk x;k gSA
loZuke ds Hksnksa dh ehekalk bl v;k; ds var esa dh tk;xh( ijarq ^laKkizfrfufk*
'kCn ds fo"k; esa dsoy ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd fganh esa ^loZuke* 'kCn bruk
:<+ gks x;k gS fd mls cnyus ls dksbZ ykHk ugha gSA
114- fganh esa lc feykdj 11 loZuke gSeSa ]a rw] vki] ;g] og] lks] tks]
dksbZ] dqN] dkSu] D;kA
115- iz;ksx ds vuqlkj loZukeksa ds Ng Hksn gSa
1 iq#"kokpdeS]a rw] vki vknjlwpdA
2 futokpdvkiA
3 fu'p;okpd;g] og] lksA
4 laca kokpdtksA
5 iz'uokpddkSu] D;kA
6 vfu'p;okpddksb]Z dqNA
116- oDrk vFkok ys[kd dh n`f"V ls laiw.kZ l`f"V ds rhu Hkkx fd, tkrs
fganh O;kdj.k / 75
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gSigyk]
a
Lo;a oDrk ok ys[kd( nwljk Jksrk] fdaok ikBd vkSj rhljk] dFkk fo"k;
vFkkZr~ oDrk vkSj Jksrk dks NksM+dj vkSj lcA l`f"V ds bu lc :iksa dks O;kdj.k
esa iq#"k dgrs gSa vkSj ;s e'k% mke iq#"k] e;e iq#"k vkSj vU; iq#"k dgykrs
gSaA bu rhuksa iq#"kksa esa mke vkSj e;e iq#"k gh izkku gSaA D;ksafd budk vFkZ
fuf'pr jgrk gSA vU; iq#"k dk vFkZ vfuf'pr gksus ds dkj.k mlesa ckdh dh
l`f"V ds vFkZ dk lekos'k gksrk gSA mke iq#"k ^eSa* vkSj e;e iq#"k ^rw* dks
NksM+dj 'ks"k loZuke vkSj lc laKk, vU; iq#"k esa vkrh gSaA bl vfuf'pr oLrqlewg
dks la{ksi esa O;Dr djus ds fy, ^og* loZuke dks vU; iq#"k ds mnkgj.k ds
fy, ys ysrs gSAa
loZukeksa ds rhuksa iq#"kksa ds mnkgj.k ;s gSmke
a
iq#"keS(a e;e iq#"k
rw] vki vknjlwpd( vU; iq#"k;g] og] vki vknjlwpd lks] tks] dkSu]
D;k] dksbZ] dqNA lc laKk, vU; iq#"k gSaA lc iq#"k&okpd&vki futokpdA
lw-1 Hkk"kk HkkLdj vkSj nwljs fganh O;kdj.kksa esa ^vki* 'kCn ^vknjlwpd*
uke ls ,d vyx oxZ esa fxuk x;k gS] ijarq O;qRifk ds vuqlkj] la-vkReu~]
izk-vIi ^vki*] ;FkkFkZ es]a futokpd gS vkSj vknjlwpdrk mldk ,d fo'ks"k
iz;ksx gSA vknjlwpd ^vki* e;e vkSj vU; iq#"k loZukeksa ds fy, vkrk gS]
blfy, mudh fxurh iq#"kokpd loZukeksa esa gh gksuh pkfg,A futokpd ^vki*
vyx&vyx LFkkuksa esa vyx&vyx iq#"kksa ds cnys vk ldrk gS( blfy, ij
loZukeksa ds oxhZdj.k esa ;gh futokpd ^vki* ^loZ&iq#"k&okpd* dgk x;k gSA
futokpd ^vki* ds lekukFkZd ^Lo;a vkSj Lor%* gS(a budk iz;ksx cgqkk f;kfo'ks"k.k
ds leku gksrk gS ns- vad125 _A
2 ^eSa*] ^rw* vkSj vki e- iq- dks NksM+dj loZukeksa ds tks vkSj Hksn gSa]
os lc vU; iq#"k loZukeksa ds gh Hksn gSaA eSa] rw vkSj vki e- iq- loZukeksa ds
nwljs Hksnksa esa ugha vkrs] blfy, ;s gh rhu loZuke fo'ks"k.k iq#"kokpd gSaA oSls
rks izk;% lHkh loZuke iq#"kokpd dgs tk ldrs gSa] D;ksafd muls O;kdj.k ds
iq#"kksa dk cksk gksrk gS] ijarq nwljs loZukeksa esa mke vkSj e;e ugha gksrs] blfy,
mke vkSj e;e iq#"k gh izkku iq#"kokpd gSa vkSj ckdh loZuke vizkku
iq#"kokpd gSaA loZukeksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx dk fopkj djus esa lqHkhrs ds fy,
dgha&dgha muds :ikarjksa fyax] opu] dkjd dk tks nwljs izdj.k dk fo"k; gS
mYys[k djuk vko';d gSA
117- eSma iq- ,dopuA
v tc oDrk ;k ys[kd dsoy vius gh lacak esa dqN fokku djrk gS
rc og bl loZuke dk iz;ksx djrk gSA tSlHkk"kkc)
s
djc eSa lksbAZ jke-A
tks eSa gh rkFkZ ugha rks fQj vkSj dkSu gks ldrk gS\ xqVdkA ^;g FkSyh eq>s feyhA*
vk vius ls cM+s yksxksa ds lkFk cksyus esa vFkok nsork ls izkFkZuk djus
76 / fganh O;kdj.k
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es]a tSl^lkjFkhvc
s
eSua s Hkh riksou ds fpUg fp ns[ks* 'kdq-A ^gfj- fir%]
eSa lkokku gw* lR;-A
b L=kh vius fy, cgqkk ^eS*a dk gh iz;ksx djrh gS( tSl'kdq
s ra ykeSa
lPph D;k dgw* 'kdq-A ^jk-vjh! vkt eSua s ,sls cqj&s cqjs lius ns[ks fd tc
ls lks ds mBh gw] dystk dki jgk gS* lR;-A ns- vad11 A
118- gem- iq- cgqopuA
bl cgqopu dk vFkZ laKk ds cgqopu ls fHkUu gSA ^yM+ds* 'kCn ,d ls
vfkd yM+dksa dk lwpd gS( ijarq ^ge* 'kCn ,d ls vfkd ^eSa* cksyusokyksa dk
lwpd ugha gS] D;ksafd ,d lkFk xkus ;k izkFkZuk djus ds flok vFkok lcdh
vksj ls fy[ks gq, ys[k esa gLrk{kj djus ds flok ,d ls vfkd yksx feydj
izk;% dHkh ugha cksy ldrsA ,slh voLFkk esa ^ge* dk Bhd vFkZ ;gh gS fd oDrk
vius lkfFk;ksa dh vksj ls izfrfufk gksdj vius rFkk vius lkfFk;ksa ds fopkj
,d lkFk izdV djrk gSA
v laiknd vkSj xzaFkdkj yksx vius fy, cgqkk mke iq#"k cgqopu dk
iz;ksx djrs gS(a tSl^geus
s
,d gh ckr dks nks&nks] rhu&rhu rjg ls fy[kk gSA*
Lok-A ^ge igys Hkkx ds vkjaHk esa fy[k vk, gSa* bfr-A
vk cM+&s cM+s vfkdkjh vkSj jktk egkjktk( tSl^blfy,
s
vc ge b'rgkj
nsrs gSa bfr-A ^uke-;gh rks ge Hkh dgrs gS*a lR;-A ^nq";arrqEgkjs ns[kus
gh ls gekjk lRdkj gks x;kA* 'kdq-A
b vius dqVEq c] ns'k vFkok euq"; tkfr ds laca k es(a tSl^ge
s ;ksx ikdj
Hkh mls mi;ksx esa ykrs ugha* Hkkjr-A ge ouokfl;ksa us ,sls Hkw"k.k vkxs dHkh
u ns[ks Fks* 'kdq-A ^gok ds fcuk ge iy Hkj Hkh ugha th ldrsA*
bZ dHkh&dHkh vfHkeku vFkok ksk es]a tSl^fo-ge
s
vkkh nf{k.kk ysds
D;k djs*a lR;-A ^ekaMO;bl e`x;k'khy jktk dh fe=krk ls ge rks cM+s nq[kh
gSa* 'kdq-A
lw-fganh esa ^eS*a vkSj ^ge* ds iz;ksx dk cgqr lk varj vkkqfud gSA
nsgkrh yksx cgqkk ^ge* gh cksyrs gSa] ^eSa* ugha cksyrsA izselkxj vkSj jkepfjr
ekul esa ^ge* ds lc iz;ksx ugha feyrsA vxjsth esa ^eSa* ds cnys ^ge* dk mi;ksx
djuk Hkwy le>k tkrk gS] ijarq fganh esa cgqkk ^eSa* ds cnys ^ge* vkrk gSA
^eSa* vkSj ^ge* ds iz;ksx esa bruh vfLFkjrk gS fd ,d ckj ftlds fy,
^eS*a vkrk gS] mlh ds fy, mlh vFkZ esa fQj ^ge* dk mi;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^ukjke
s
jke! Hkyk] vkids vkus ls ge D;ksa tk;xsA eSa rks tkus gh dks Fkk fd brus esa
vki vk x, lR;-A nq";arvPNk] gekjk lan's kk ;FkkFkZ Hkqxrk nhtksA eSa rifLo;ksa
dh j{kk dks tkrk gw 'kdq-A ;g u gksuk pkfg,A
fganh O;kdj.k / 77
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xM+cM+ gSA Jhkj Hkk"kkdks"k esa dbZ dfo;ksa ds laf{kIr pfjr fn, x, gSa] muesa
dchj ds fy, ,dopu dk vkSj 'ks"k ds fy, cgqopu dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
jktk f'koizlkn us bfrgklfrfej uk'kd esa jke 'kadjkpk;Z vkSj VkWM lkgc ds fy,
cgqopu iz;ksx fd;k gS vkSj cq)] vdcj] k`rjk"V vkSj ;qfkf"Bj ds fy, ,dopu
fy[kk gSA bu mnkgj.kksa ls dksbZ fuf'pr fu;e ugha cuk;k tk ldrkA rFkkfi
;g ckr tku iM+rh gS fd vknj ds fy, ik=k dh tkfr] xq.k] in vkSj 'khy dk
fopkj vo'; fd;k tkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld iq#"kksa ds izfr vktdy igys dh vis{kk
vfkd vknj fn[kk;k tkrk gS( vkSj ;g vknj cqf) fons'kh ,sfrgkfld iq#"kksa ds
fy, Hkh dbZ va'kksa esa ik;h tkrh gSA vknj dk iz'u NksM+dj] ,sfrgkfld iq#"kksa
ds fy, ,dopu gh dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg,A
123- vki ^rqe* ok ^os* ds cnyse;e ok vU; iq#"k cgqopuA
;g iq#"kokpd ^vki* iz;ksx esa futokpd ^vki* ns- vad125 ls fHkUu
gSA bldk iz;ksx e;e vkSj vU; iq#"k cgqopu esa vknj ds fy, gksrk gSA1 izkphu
dfork esa vknjlwpd ^vki* dk iz;ksx cgqr de ik;k tkrk gSA
v vius ls cM+s njtsokys euq"; ds fy, ^rqe* ds cnys ^vki* dk iz;ksx
f'k"V vkSj vko';d le>k tkrk gS( tSl^l-Hkyk]
s
vkius bldh 'kkafr dk
Hkh dqN mik; fd;k gS\* lR;-A ^riLohgs iq#dqynhid vkidks ;gh mfpr
gSA* 'kdq-A ^vk, vkiq Hkyh djh* lar-A
vk cjkcjokys vius ls dqN NksVs njts ds euq"; ds fy, ^rqe* ds cnys
cgqkk ^vki* dgus dh izFkk gS( tSl^ba
s -Hkyk] vki mnkj ;k egk'k; fdls dgrs
gSa\* lR;-A ^tc vki iwjh ckr gh u lqusa rks eSa D;k tokc nw* ijh-A
b vknj ds lkFk cgqRo ds cksk ds fy, ^vki* ds lkFk cgqkk ^yksx*
yxk nsrs gS]a tSl^g-vki
s
yksx esjs flj vk[kksa ij gS*a lR;-A ^bl fo"k; esa
vki yksxksa dh D;k jk; gS*\
bZ ^vki* 'kCn dh vis{kk vfkd vknj lwfpr djus ds fy, cM+s inkfkdkfj;ksa
ds izfr Jheku~] egkjkt] ljdkj] gqtjw vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^lkj-eS
s
a
jkl [khaprk gw( egkjkt mrj ysa* 'kdq- ^eq>s Jheku~ ds n'kZuksa dh ykylk Fkh
lks vkt iwjh gqbZA* ^tks gqtwj dh jk; lks esjh jk;A* fL=k;ksa ds izfr vfr'k; vknj
iznf'kZr djus ds fy, Jherh] ^nsoh* vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS( tSl^rc
s
ls Jherh ds f'k{kk&e esa fo?u iM+us yxk* fga- dks-A
lw-tgk ^vki* dk iz;ksx gksuk pkfg, ogk ^rqe* ;k gqtjw * dguk vkSj
tgk ^rqe* dguk pkfg,] ogk ^vki* ;k ^rw* dguk vuqfpr gS( D;ksafd blls Jksrk
1- laLr esa vknjlwpd ^vki* ds vFkZ esa ^Hkoku~* 'kCn vkrk gS( vkSj mldk iz;ksx dsoy vU;
iq#"k ,dopu esa gksrk gS( tSl^Hkoku~
s
vfi voSfr* vki Hkh tkurs gSa A
80 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dk vieku gksrk gSA ,d gh izlax esa ^vki* vkSj ^rqe*] ^egkjkt* vkSj ^vki*
dguk vlaxr gS( tSl^ftl
s
ckr dh fpark egkjkt dks gS lks dHkh u gqbZ gksxh(
D;ksafd riksou ds fo?u rks dsoy vkids kuq"k dh Vadkj gh ls feV tkrs gSaA*
'kdq-A ^vkius cM+s I;kj ls dgk fd vk cPps] igys rw gh ikuh ih ysA mlus
rqEgsa fons'kh tku rqEgkjs gkFk ls ty u ih;kA* rFkk-
m vknj dh ijkdk"Bk lwfpr djus ds fy, oDrk ;k ys[kd vius fy,
nkl] lsod] fQnoh dpgjh dh Hkk"kk esa] ^derjhu* mnwZ vkfn 'kCnksa esa ls
fdlh ,d dk iz;ksx djrk gS( tSl^fl-dfg,
s
;g
nkl vkids dkSu dke vk
ldrk gS\* eqnzk-A ^gqtwj ls] fQnoh dh ;g vtZ gSA*
e;e iq#"k ^vki* ds lkFk vU; iq#"k cgqopu f;k vkrh gS] ijarq
dgha&dgha ifjp;] cjkcjh vFkok y?kqrk ds fopkj ls e;e iq#"k cgqopu f;k
dk Hkh iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^gs
vki eksy yksx\s * lR;-A ,sls le; esa vki
lkFk u nksxs rks vkSj dkSu nsxk\* ijh-A ^nks czk.kvki vxyksa dh jhfr ij
pyrs gksA* 'kdq-A ;g iz;ksx f'k"V ugha gSA
vks vU; iq#"k esa vknj ds fy, ^os* ds cnys dHkh&dHkh ^vki* vkrk gSA
vU; iq#"k ^vki* ds lkFk f;k lnk vU; iq#"k cgqopu esa jgrh gSA mnkgj.k
^Jherh dk xr ekl bankSj esa nsgkar gks x;kA vki dbZ o"kks ls chekj FkhaA* oks
124- vizkku iq#"kokpd loZukeksa ds uhps fy[ks ikp Hksn gSa
1 futokpdvkiA
2 fu'p;okpd;g] og] lksA
3 vfu'p;okpddksb]Z dqNA
4 laca kokpdtksA
5 iz'uokpddkSu] D;kA
125- vki futokpdA
iz;ksx esa futokpd ^vki* iq#"kokpd vknjlwpd ^vki* ls fHkUu gSA
iq#"kokpd ^vki* ,d dk okpd gksdj Hkh fuR; cgqopu esa vkrk gS( ij futokpd
^vki* ,d gh :i ls nksuksa opuksa esa vkrk gSA iq#"kokpd ^vki* dsoy e;e
vkSj vU; iq#"k esa vkrk gS( ijarq futokpd ^vki* dk iz;ksx rhuksa iq#"k esa gksrk
gSA vknjlwpd ^vki* okD; esa vdsyk vkrk gS] fdarq futokpd ^vki* nwljs
loZukeksa ds lacak ls vkrk gSA ^vki* ds nksuksa iz;ksxksa esa :ikarj dk Hkh Hksn gSA
ns- vad324&325A
futokpd ^vki* dk iz;ksx uhps fy[ks vFkks esa gksrk gS
v fdlh laKk ;k loZuke ds vokkj.k ds fy,( tSleSs a vki ogha ls
vk;k gw* ijh-A ^curs dHkh ge vki ;ksxh* Hkkjr-A
fganh O;kdj.k / 81
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gksrk gS] mls fu'p;okpd loZuke dgrs gSAa fu'p;okpd loZuke rhu gS;g]
a
og] lksA
127- ;g,dopuA
bldk iz;ksx uhps fy[ks LFkkuksa esa gksrk gS
v ikl dh fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa cksyus ds fy,( tSl^s ;g fdldk
ijkeh ckyd gS\* 'kdq-A ^;g dksbZ u;k fu;e ugha gS* Lok-A
vk igys dgh gqbZ laKk ;k laKkokD;ka'kksa ds cnys( tSl^ekkohyrk
s
rks
esjh cfgu gS] bls D;ksa u lhaprh* 'kdq-A ^Hkyk lR; keZ ikyuk D;k glh&[ksy
gS\ ;g vki ,sls egkRekvksa gh dk dke gS* lR;-A
b igys dgs gq, okD; ds LFkku es]a tSl^fla
s g dks ekj ef.k ys dksbZ
tarq ,d vfr Mjkouh vkM+h xqQk esa x;k( ;g lc ge viuh vk[kksa ns[k vk,*
izseA ^eq>dks vkids dgus dk dHkh dqN jat ugha gksrkA blds flok; eq>s bl
volj ij vkidh dqN lsok djuh pkfg, Fkh* ijh-A
bZ ihNs vkusokys okD; ds LFkku es(a tSl^mUgks
s ua s vc ;g pkgk fd
vfkdkfj;ksa dks iztk gh fu;r fd;k djs* Lok-A ^eq>s blls cM+k vkuan gS fd
Hkkjrsanq th dh lcls igys NsM+h gqbZ ;g iqLrd vkt iwjh gks xbZ* jRuk-A
lw-ij ds nwljs okD; esa tks ^;g* 'kCn vk;k gS] og ;gk loZuke ugha]
fdarq fo'ks"k.k gS( D;ksafd og ^iqLrd* laKk dh fo'ks"krk crkrk gSA loZukeksa ds
fo'ks"k.khHkwr iz;ksxksa dk fopkj vkxs rhljs v;k; esa fd;k tk;xkA
m dHkh dHkh laKk ;k laKkokD;ka'k dgdj rqjar gh mlds cnys fu'p;
ds vFkZ esa ^;g* dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^jke
s ;g O;fDrokpd laKk gSA* ^vfkdkj
ikdj d"V nsuk] ;g cM+ksa dks 'kksHkk ugha nsrk* lR;A ^'kkL=kksa dh ckr esa dfork
dk n[ky le>uk] ;g Hkh keZ ds fo#) gS* bfr-A
lw-bl izdkj dh ejkBh izHkkfor jpuk dk izpkj ?kV jgk gSA
dHkh&dHkh ;g f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku vkrk gS vkSj mldk vFkZ vHkh
ok vc gksrk gS] tSl^yhft,
s
egkjkt ;g eSa pyk* eqnkz -A ^;g rks vki eq>dks
yfTtr djrs gSa* ijh-A
vks vknj vkSj cgqRo ds fy, ns- vad128A
128- ;scgqopuA
^;s* ^;g* dk cgqopu gSA dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd cgqopu esa Hkh ^;g* fy[krs
gSa ns- vad122A ^;s* vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^;g* dk iz;ksx vknj ds fy, Hkh gksrk
gS] tSl^;s
s Hkh rks mlh dk xq.k xkrs gS*a lR;-A ;s rsjs ri ds Qy dnkfi ugha(
budks rks bl isM+ ij rsjs vgadkj us yxk;k gS* xqVdk-A ^;s os gh gSa ftuls
banz vkSj ckou vorkj mRiUu gq,* 'kdq-A
fganh O;kdj.k / 83
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v ^;s* ds cnys vknj ds fy, ^vki* dk iz;ksx dsoy cksyus esa gksrk
gS vkSj blds fy, vknjik=k dh vksj gkFk c<+kdj ladsr djrs gSaA
129- og ,dopu] os cgqopuA
fganh esa dksbZ fo'ks"k vU; iq#"k loZuke ugha gSA mlds cnys nwjorhZ
fu'p;okpd ^og* vkrk gSA bl loZuke ds iz;ksx vU; iq#"k ds foospu esa crk
fn, x, gSAa ns- vad121&122A blls nwj dh oLrq dk cksk gksrk gSA
v ^;g vkSj ^;s* rFkk ^og* vkSj ^os* ds iz;ksx esa cgqkk fLFkjrk ugha ikbZ
tkrhA ,d ckj vknj ok cgqRo ds fy, fdlh ,d 'kCn dk iz;ksx djds ys[kd
yksx fQj mlh vFkZ esa ml 'kCn dk nwljk :i ykrs gS(a tSl^;g
s fVM~Mh ny dh
rjg brus nkx dgk ls vk,\ ;s nkx os nqoZpu gSa tks rsjs eq[k ls fudyk fd, gSaA
og lc yky&yky Qy esjs nku ls yxs gSa* xqVdk-A ^;s lc ckrsa gfj'panz esa lgt
gSaA* ^vjs ;g dkSu nsork cM+s izlUu gksdj 'e'kku ij ,d=k gks jgs gSa* lR;-A
lw-gekjh le> esa igyk :i dsoy vknj ds fy, vkSj nwljk :i cgqRo
ds fy, ykuk Bhd gSA
vk igys dgh gqbZ oLrqvksa esa ls igyh ds fy, ^og* vkSj fiNyh ds fy,
^;g* vkrk gS( tSl^egkRek
s
vkSj nqjkRek esa bruk gh Hksn gS fd muds eu] opu
vkSj deZ ,d jgrs gSa] buds fHkUu&fHkUu* lR;-A
dud dud rs lkS xquh ekndrk vfkdk;A
og [kk;s ckSjkr gSa ;g ik;s ckSjk;
lR;-
b ftl oLrq ds lacak esa ,d ckj ^;g* vkrk gS mlh ds fy, dHkh&dHkh
ys[kd yksx vlkokkuh ls rqjra gh ^og* ykrs gS(a tSl^Hkyk
s
egkjkt] tc ;g
,sls nkuh gSa rks mudh y{eh dSls fLFkj gS\* lR;-A tc eSa bu isM+ksa ds ikl
ls vk;k Fkk rc rks muesa Qy&Qwy Hkh ugha FkkA* xqVdk-
lw-loZuke ds iz;ksx esa ,slh vfLFkjrk ls vk'k; le>us esa dfBukbZ gksrh
gS vkSj ;g iz;ksx nwf"kr Hkh gSA
bZ ^;g* ds leku ns- vad127 ^og* Hkh dHkh&dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k
dh ukb iz;qDr gksrk gS vkSj ml le; mldk vFkZ ^ogk* ok ^bruk* gksrk gS]
tSl^ukS
s dj( og tk jgk gSA* ^yksxksa us pksj dks og ekjk fd cspkjk vkejk gks x;kA*
130- lks nksuksa opuA
;g loZuke cgqkk lacakokpd loZuke ^tks* ds lkFk vkrk gS ns- vad134A
vkSj bldk vFkZ laKk ds opu ds vuqlkj ^og* ok ^os* gksrk gS( ^tSl^s ftl
ckr dh fpark egkjkt dks gS lks og dHkh u gqbZ gksxhA* ^ftu ikSkksa dks rw
lhap pqdh gS lks os rks blh xzh"e _rq ls Qwysaxs* 'kdq-A ^vki tks u djks
lks FkksM+k gS* eqnzk-A
84 / fganh O;kdj.k
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v ^og* ok ^os* ds leku ^lks* vyx okD; esa ugha vkrk vkSj u mldk
iz;ksx ^tks* ds igys gksrk gS( ijarq dfork esa cgqkk bu fu;eksa dk mYya?ku gks
tkrk gS( tSls
^lks rkdks lkxj tgk tkdh I;kl cq>k;*A
lr-
^lks lqfu Hk;m Hkwi mj lkspwA*
jke-
vk ^lks* dHkh&dHkh leqPp;ckskd ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrk gS vkSj mldk
vFkZ ^blfy,* ;k ^rc* gksrk gSA tSl^rS
s us Hkh mldk uke dHkh ugha fy;k lks
D;k rw Hkh mls esjh Hkkfr Hkwy x;k\* 'kdq-A ^ey;dsrq ge yksxksa ls yM+us ds
fy, m|r gks jgk gS( lks ;g yM+kbZ ds m|ksx dk le; gS* eqnzk-A
131- ftl loZuke ls fdlh fo'ks"k oLrq dk cksk ugha gksrk] mls vfu'p;okpd
loZuke dgrs gSAa vfu'p;okpd loZuke nks gSdks
a bZ vkSj dqNA ^dksb*Z vkSj ^dqN*
esa lkkkj.k varj ;g gS fd ^dksbZ* iq#"k ds fy, vkSj ^dqN* inkFkZ ok keZ ds
fy, vkrk gSA
132- dksbZ nksuksa opu
bldk iz;ksx ,dopu esa cgqkk uhps fy[ks vFkks esa gksrk gS
v fdlh vKkr iq#"k ;k cM+s tarq ds fy,( tSl^,s
s lk u gks fd dksbZ
vk tk,* lR;-A ^njokts ij dksbZ [kM+k gSA* ukyh esa dksbZ cksyrk gSA*
vk cgqr ls Kkr iq#"kksa esa fdlh vfuf'pr iq#"k ds fy,( tSl^gS
s js!
dksbZ ;gk\* 'kdq-A
j?kqoaf'ku eg tg dksm gksbZA
rsfg lekt vl dgfg u dksbZ
jke-
b fu"kskokpd okD; esa ^dksbZ* dk vFkZ ^lc* gksrk gS] tSl^cM+
s k in
feyus ls dksbZ cM+k ugha gksrk* lR;-A ^rw fdlh dks er lrkA*
bZ ^dksbZ* ds lkFk ^lc* vkSj ^gj* fo'ks"k.k vkrs gSaA ^lc dksm* dk
vFkZ ^lc yksx* vkSj ^gj dksbZ* dk vFkZ gj vkneh gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ^lc dksm
dgr jke lqfB lkkw* jke-A ^;g dke gj dksbZ ugha dj ldrkA*
m vfkd vfu'p; esa ^dksb*Z ds lkFk ^,d* tksM+ nsrs gS(a tSls ^dksbZ ,d*
;g ckr dgrk FkkA*
fdlh Kkr iq#"k dks NksM+ nwljs vKkr iq#"k dk cksk djkus ds fy,
^dksb*Z ds lkFk ^vkSj* ;k ^nwljk* yxk nsrs gS]a tSl;g
s Hksn dksbZ vkSj u tkusA*
^dksbZ nwljk gksrk rks eSa mls u NksM+rkA*
vks vknj vkSj cgqRo ds fy, Hkh ^dksbZ* vkrk gSA fiNys vFkZ esa cgqkk
^dksb*Z dh f}#fDr gksrh gS( tSl^es
s js ?kj dksbZ vk, gSAa * dksbZ&dksbZ iksi ds
vuq;kf;;ksa gh dks ugha ns[k ldrsA* Lok-A ^fdlh&fdlh dh jk; esa fons'kh 'kCnksa
dk mi;ksx ew[kZrk gS* lj-A
fganh O;kdj.k / 85
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, vokkj.k ds fy, ^dksb&Z dksb*Z ds chp esa ^u* yxk fn;k tkrk gS( tSl;g
s
dke dksbZ u dksbZ vo'; djsxkA
,s ^dksbZ&dksbZ* bu nqgjs 'kCnksa esa fofp=krk lwfpr gksrh gS( tSls ^dksbZ
dgrh Fkh ;g mpDdk gS] dksbZ dgrh Fkh ,d iDdk gS* xqVdk-A ^dksbZ dqN
dgrk gS] dksbZ dqNA* blh vFkZ esa ^bd bd* vkrk gS] tSls
^bd izfo'kfga bd fuxZefga Hkhj Hkwi njckjA*jke-
vks la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ds igys ^dksbZ* ifjek.kokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k ds
leku vkrk gS vkSj mldk vFkZ ^yxHkx* gksrk gS( tSl^bles
s
a dksbZ 400 i`"B
gSa* lj-A
133- dqN ,dopuA
nwljs loZukeksa ds leku ^dqN* dk :ikarj ugha gksrkA bldk iz;ksx cgqkk
fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gSA tc bldk iz;ksx laKk ds cnys esa gksrk gS] rc ;g
uhps fy[ks vFkks esa vkrk gS
v fdlh vKkr inkFkZ ok keZ ds fy,( tSless js eu esa vkrh gS fd
blls dqN iwNw* 'kdq-A ^?kh esa dqN feyk gSA*
vk NksVs tarq ;k inkFkZ ds fy,( tSl^ikuh
s
esa dqN gSA*
b dHkh&dHkh ^dqN* ifjek.kokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku vkrk gSA bl
vFkZ esa dHkh&dHkh mldh f}#fDr Hkh gksrh gSA mnkgj.krsjs 'kjhj dk rki dqN
?kVk fd ugha\* 'kdq-A ^mlus mlds dqN f[kykQ dkjZokbZ dh gS* Lok-A ^yM+dh
dqN NksVh gSA* nksuksa dh vkfr dqN&dqN feyrh gSA
bZ vk'p;Z] vkuan ok frjLdkj ds vFkZ esa Hkh ^dqN* f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrk
gS( tSl^fga
s nh dqN laLr rks gS ugha* lj-A ^ge yksx dqN yM+rs ugha gSaA* ^esjk
gky dqN u iwNksA*
m vokkj.k ds fy, ^dqN u dqN* vkrk gS( tSls ^vk;Z tkfr us fn'kkvksa
ds uke dqN u dqN j[k fy;k gksxk* lj-A
fdlh Kkr inkFkZ ok keZ dks NksM+dj nwljs vKkr inkFkZ ok keZ dk
cksk djkus ds fy, ^dqN* ds lkFk ^vkSj* vkrk gS( tSlrss js eu ^dqN* vkSj gh
gS* 'kdq-A
_ fHkUurk ;k foijhrrk lwfpr djus ds fy, ^dqN dk dqN* vkrk gS]
tSl^vkius
s
dqN dk dqN le> fy;kA* ^ftuls ;s dqN ds dqN gks x,* bfr-A
^dqN* ds lkFk ^lc* vkSj ^cgqr* vkrs gSaA ^lc dqN* dk vFkZ ^lc
inkFkZ ok keZ* gS] vkSj ^cgqr dqN* dk vFkZ ^cgqr ls inkFkZ ok keZ* vFkok ^vfkdrk*
ls gSA mnkgj.k^ge le>rs lc dqN gSa* lR;-A ^yM+dk cgqr dqN nkSM+rk gSA
^;ksa Hkh cgqr dqN gh jgsxk* lR;-A
86 / fganh O;kdj.k
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, ^dqN dqN* ;s nqgjs 'kCn fofp=krk lwfpr djrs gS(a tSl^s ,d dqN dgrk
vkSj nwljk dqN* bfr-A ^dqN rsjk xq# tkurk gS] dqN esjs ls yksx tkurs gSaA*
eqnzkA
,s ^dqN&dqN* dHkh&dHkh leqPp;ckskd ds leku vkdj nks okD;ksa dks
tksMr+ s gS]a tSl^Nkis
s
dh Hkwyas dqN izsl dh vlkokkuh ls vkSj dqN ys[kdksa ds
vkyl ls gksrh gSa* lj-A ^dqN rqe le>s] dqN ge le>s* dgk-A ^dqN ge
[kqy]s dqN og [kqysA*
vks ^dqN&dqN* ls dHkh&dHkh ^v;ksX;rk* dk vFkZ ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^s dqN
rqeus dek;k] dqN rqEgkjk HkkbZ dekosxkA*
134- tks nksuksa opuA
fganh esa lacakokpd loZuke ,d gh gS( blfy, U;k;'kkL=k ds vuqlkj bldk
y{k.k ugha crk;k tk ldrkA Hkk"kkHkkLdj dks NksM+dj izk;% lHkh O;kdj.kksa esa
lacakokpd loZuke dk y{k.k ugha fn;k x;kA Hkk"kkHkkLdj esa tks y{k.k1 gS og
Hkh Li"V ugha gSA y{k.k ds vHkko ds ;gk bl loZuke ds dsoy iz;ksx fy[ks tkrs gSAa
v ^tks* ds lkFk ^lks* ok ^og* dk fuR; lacak jgrk gSA ^lks* ok ^og*
fu'p;okpd loZuke gS( ijarq lacakokpd loZuke ds lkFk vkus ij bls fuR;lacakh
loZuke dgrs gSaA ftl okD; esa lacakokpd loZuke vkrk gS] mldk lacak ,d
nwljs okD; ls jgrk gS ftlesa fuR;lacakh loZuke vkrk gS( tSl^tks
s cksys lks
?kh dks tk;* dgk-A ^tks gfj'panz us fd;k og rks vc dksbZ Hkh Hkkjroklh u
djsxk* lR;-A
vk lacakokpd vkSj fuR;lacakh loZuke ,d gh laKk ds cnys vkrs gSaA
tc bl laKk dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] rc ;g cgqkk igys okD; esa vkrk gS vkSj
laca kokpd loZuke nwljs okD; esa vkrk gS( tSl;g
s f'k{kk mu v;kidksa ds
}kjk izkIr ugha gks ldrh] tks vius Kku dh fch djrs gSa* fga- xzk-A ^;g ukjh
dkSu gS ftldk :i oL=kksa esa >yd jgk gS* 'kdq-A
b ftl laKk ds cnys lacakokpd vkSj fuR;lacakh loZuke vkrs gSa] mlds
vFkZ dh Li"Vrk ds fy, cgqkk nksuksa loZukeksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.kksa
ds leku djds mlds i'pkr~ iwoksDZ r laKk dks ykrs gS(a tSl^D;k
s
vki fQj ml
ijns dks Mkyk pkgrs gSa] tks lR; us esjs lkeus ls gVk;k\* xqVdk-A ^Jh".k
us mu ydhjksa dks fxuk tks mlus [kSaph Fkha* izse-A ^ftl gfj'panz us mn; ls
vLr rd dh i`Foh ds fy, keZ u NksM+k mldk keZ vkk xt diM+s ds okLrs
er NqM+kvks* lR;-A
1- ^laca/kokpd loZuke mls dgrs gSa] tks dgh gqbZ laKk ls dqN o.kZu feykrk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 87
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fdlh dh lkeFkZ ugha tks mldk lkeuk djsA* rFkk ^tks lp iwNks rks bruh Hkh
cgqr gqbZ* xqVdk-A
d ^tks ds lkFk vfu';pokpd loZuke Hkh tksM+s tkrs gSaA ^dksbZ* vkSj
^dqN* ds vFkks esa tks varj gS] ogh ^tks dksbZ* vkSj ^tks dqN* ds vFkks esa Hkh gS(
tSls ^tks dksbZ uy dks ?kj esa ?kqlus nsxk] tku ls gkFk kks,xk* xqVdk-A ^egkjkt]
tks dqN dgks cgqr le>&cw>dj dfg;ksA* 'kdq-A
135- iz'u djus ds fy, ftu loZukeksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS( mUgsa iz'uokpd
loZuke dgrs gSAa ;s nks gSdkS
a u vkSj D;kA
136- ^dkSu* vkSj ^D;k* ds iz;ksxksa esa lkkkj.k varj ogh gS] tks ^dksbZ* vkSj
^dqN* ds iz;ksxksa esa gS ns- vad132&133A ^dkSu* izkf.k;ksa ds fy, vkSj fo'ks"kdj
euq";ksa ds fy, vkSj ^D;k* {kqnz izk.kh] inkFkZ ok keZ ds fy, vkrk gS( tSl^gs
s
egkjkt] vki dkSu gSa\* xqVdk- ^;g vk'khokZn fdlus fn;k Fkk\* 'kdq-A ^rqe
D;k dj ldrs gks\* ^D;k le>rs gks\* lR;-A ^D;k gS\* ^D;k gqvk\*
137- ^dkSu* dk iz;ksx uhps fy[ks vFkks esa gksrk gS
v fukkZj.k ds vFkZ esa ^dkSu* izk.kh] inkFkZ vkSj keZ rhuksa ds fy, vkrk
gS( tSls
^g-rks ge ,d fu;e ij fcdsxa As *
^k-og dkSu\* lR;-A
^blesa iki dkSu gS iq.; dkSu gS* xqVdk-A ^;g dkSu gS] tks esjs vapy
dks ugha NksM+rk\* 'kdq-A
blh vFkZ esa dkSu ds lkFk cgqkk ^lk* izR;; yxk;k tkrk gSA tSl^es
s js
;ku esa ugha vkrk fd egkjkuh 'kdqra yk dkSu lh gS* 'kdq-A ^rqEgkjk ?kj dkSu lk gS\*
vk frjLdkj ds fy,] tSl^jks
s dusokyh rqe dkSu gks* 'kdq-A ^ dkSu tkus!*
^LoxZ! dkSu dgs vkius vius lR;cy ls cz in ik;kA*
b vk'p;Z vFkok nq[k es(a tSl^bues
s a ksk dh ckr dkSu lh gSA* ^vjs!
gekjh ckr dk ;g mkj dkSu nsrk gS\* lR;-A ^vjs! vkt eq>s fdlus ywV fy;k!*
rFkk
bZ ^dkSu* dHkh&dHkh ^dc* ds vFkZ esa f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrk gS] tSlvkidks
s
lRlax dkSu nqyZHk gS* lR;-A
m oLrqvksa dh fHkUurk] vla[;rk vkSj rRlacakh vk'p;Z fn[kkus ds fy,
^dkSu* dh f}#fDr gksrh gS( tSl^lHkk
s
esa dkSu&dkSu vk, Fks\* ^eSa fdl fdldks
cqyk!* ^rwus iq.;deZ dkSu&dkSu ls fd, gSa\* xqVdk-A
138- ^D;k uhps fy[ks vFkks esa vkrk gS
v fdlh oLrq dk y{k.k tkuus ds fy,( tSl^euq
s "; D;k gS\* ^vkRek
D;k gS\* ^keZ D;k gS*A
fganh O;kdj.k / 89
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ds lacak esa cgqr dqN erHksn gSA fganh ds tks O;kdj.k ,FkfjaxVu] dSykx] xzhCt
vkfn vxjst fo}kuksa us fy[ks gSa vkSj ftudh lgk;rk izk;% lHkh fganh O;kdj.kksa
esa ikbZ tkrh gS] mudk mYys[k djus dh ;gk vko';drk ugha gS D;ksafd fdlh
Hkh Hkk"kk ds lacak esa dsoy ogh yksx izek.k ekus tk ldrs gSa ftudh og Hkk"kk
gS] pkgs mUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk dk O;kdj.k fonsf'k;ksa dh lgk;rk ls lh[kk gksA blds
flok ;g O;kdj.k fganh esa fy[kk x;k gS( blfy, gesa dsoy fganh esa fy[ks gq,
O;kdj.kksa ij fopkj djuk pkfg,] ;|fi buesa Hkh dqN yksx ,sls gSa] ftuds ys[kdksa
dh ekr`Hkk"kk fganh ugha gSA igys ge bu O;kdj.kksa esa nh gqbZ loZukeksa dh la[;k
dk fopkj djsaxsA
loZukeksa dh la[;k ^Hkk"kkizHkkdj* esa vkB] ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa lkr vkSj ^fganh
ckycksk O;kdj.k* esa dksbZ l=kg gSA ;s rhuksa O;kdj.k vkSjksa ls ihNs ds gSa] blfy,
gesa lekykspuk ds fufek bUgha dh ckrksa ij fopkj djuk gSA vfkd iqLrdksa ds
xq.k&nks"k fn[kkus ds fy, bl iqLrd esa LFkku dh ladh.kZrk gSA
1 Hkk"kkizHkkdjeS]a rw] ;g] og] tks] lks] dksb]Z dkSuA
2 fganh O;kdj.keS]a rw] vki] ;g] og] tks] dkSuA
3 fganh ckycksk O;kdj.keS]a rw] og] tks] lks] dkSu] D;k] ;g] dksb]Z
lc] dqN] ,d] nwljk] nksuksa] ,d nwljk] dbZ ,d vkiA
^Hkk"kkizHkkdj* esa ^D;k*] ^dqN* vkSj ^vki* vyx&vyx loZuke ugha ekus
x, gSa] ;|fi loZukeksa ds o.kZu esa budk vFkZ fn;k x;k gSA buesa Hkh vkidk
dsoy ^vknjlwpd* iz;ksx crk;k x;k gSA fQj vkxs vO;;ksa esa ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN
dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ijarq ogk Hkh buds lacak esa dksbZ ckr Li"Vrk ls ugha
fy[kh xbZA ,slh voLFkk esa lekykspuk djuk o`Fkk gSA
^fganh O;kdj.k* esa ^lks*] ^dksbZ*] ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* loZuke ugha ekus x,
gSaA ij ys[kd us iqLrd esa loZuke dk tks y{k.k1 fn;k gS mlesa bu 'kCnksa dk
varHkkZo gksrk gS] vkSj mUgksaus Lo;a ,d LFkku esa i`- 81 ^dksbZ dks loZuke ds
leku fy[kk gS( fQj u tkus D;ksa ;g 'kCn Hkh loZukeksa dh lwph esa ugha j[kk
x;k\ ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* ds fo"k; esa vO;; gksus dh laHkkouk gS] ij ^lks* vkSj
^dksbZ* ds fo"k; esa fdlh dks Hkh lansg ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd buds :i vkSj
iz;ksx ^og* ^tks* ^dkSu* ds uewus ij gksrs gSaA tku iM+rk gS fd ejkBh esa ^dks.k*
'kCn iz'uokpd vkSj vfu'p;okpd nksuksa gksus ds dkj.k ys[kd us ^dksbZ* dks ^dkSu*
ds varxZr ekuk gS] ijarq fganh esa ^dkSu* vkSj ^dksbZ* ds :i vkSj iz;ksx vyx&vyx
gSaA ys[kd us dksbZ 150 vO;;ksa dh lwph esa ^dqN*] ^D;k* vkSj ^lks* fy[ks gSa] ij
1- ^loZuke mls dgrs gSa tks uke ds cnys esa vk;k gksA*
fganh O;kdj.k / 91
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bu cgqr ls 'kCnksa esa dsoy nks ;k rhu ds iz;ksx crk, x, gSa] vkSj muesa Hkh
^dqN*] ^D;k* vkSj ^lks* dk uke rd ugha gSA fcuk fdlh oxhZdj.k ds pkgs og
iw.kZr;k U;k;laxr u gks dsoy o.kZekyk ds e ls 150 vO;;ksa dh lwph ns nsus
ls mudk Lej.k dSls jg ldrk gS vkSj muds iz;ksx dk D;k Kku gks ldrk gS\
;fn fdlh 'kCn dks dsoy ^vO;;* dgus ls dke py ldrk gS] rks fQj fodkjh
'kCnksa ds tks Hksn laKk] loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;k tks ys[kd us ekus gSa] mudh
Hkh D;k vko';drk gS\
^fganh ckycksk O;kdj.k* esa loZukeksa dh la[;k lcls vfkd gSA ys[kd us
^dksbZ* vkSj ^dqN* ds lkFk ^lc* dks vfu'p;okpd loZuke ekuk gS vkSj ^,d*]
^nwljk*] ^nksuksa*] ^,d nwljk*] ^dbZ ,d* vkfn dks fo"k;okpd loZukeksa esa fy[kk gSA
;s lc 'kCn ;FkkFkZ esa fo'ks"k.k gSa] D;ksafd buds :i vkSj iz;ksx fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku
gksrs gSaA ^,d yM+dk*] ^nl yM+ds*] vkSj ^lc yM+ds*] bu okD;ka'kksa esa laKk ds vFkZ
ds laca k esa ^,d*] ^nl* vkSj ^lc* dk iz;ksx O;kdj.k esa ,d gh lk gSvFkkZr~
rhuksa 'kCn ^yM+dk* laKk dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr djrs gSaA blfy, ;fn ^nl* fo'ks"k.k
gS] rks ^lc* Hkh fo'ks"k.k gSA gk] dHkh&dHkh fo'ks"; ds yksi gksus ij ij fy[ks 'kCnksa
dk iz;ksx laKkvksa ds leku gksrk gS( ij iz;ksx dh fHkUurk vkSj Hkh dbZ 'kCn Hksnksa
esa ikbZ tkrh gSA geus bu lc 'kCnksa dks fo'ks"k.k ekudj ,d vyx gh oxZ esa j[kk
gSA ftu 'kCnksa dks ckycksk O;kdj.k ds drkZ us fu'p;okpd loZuke ekuk gS] os
loZuke ekus tkus ij Hkh fu'p;kRed ugha gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^,d* vkSj ^nwljk*
'kCn yhft,A budk iz;ksx ^dksbZ* ds leku gksrk gS] tks vfu'p;okpd gS] rc og
vo'; fu'p;okpd fo'ks"k.k tks loZuke gksrk gS] ijarq lekyksfpr iqLrd esa bu
loZukeksa ds iz;ksxksa ds mnkgj.k ugha gSa blfy, ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd ys[kd
us fdl vFkZ esa bUgsa fu'p;okpd ekuk gSA
bu mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V gS fd ij dgh gqbZ rhuksa iqLrdksa esa tks dbZ 'kCn
loZukeksa dh lwph esa fn, x, gSa] vFkok NksM+ fn, x, gSa] muds fy, dksbZ izcy
dkj.k ugha gSA vc loZukeksa ds oxhZdj.k dk dqN fopkj djuk pkfg,A
^Hkk"kkizHkkdj* vkSj ^fganh ckycksk O;kdj.k* esa loZukeksa ds ikp Hksn ekus
x, gSa] ij nksuksa esa futokpd loZuke u vyx ekuk x;k gS vkSj u fdlh Hksn
ds varxZr fy[kk x;k gSA ;|fi loZukeksa ds foospu esa bldk dqN mYys[k gqvk
gS] rFkkfi ogk Hkh ^vknjlwpd* ds vU; iq#"k dk iz;ksx ugha crk;k x;kA ge
bl v;k; esa crk pqds gSa fd fganh esa ^vki* ,d vyx loZuke gS] tks ewy
esa futokpd gS vkSj mldk ,d iz;ksx vknj ds fy, gksrk gSA nksuksa iqLrdksa esa
^lks* lacakokpd fy[kk x;k gS( ij ;g loZuke ^og* dk i;kZ;okph gksus ds dkj.k
;FkkFkZ esa fu'p;okpd gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh ;g lacakokpd ^tks* ds fcuk Hkh vkrk gSA
92 / fganh O;kdj.k
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:i
;g
og
lks
tks
dkSu
bl
ml
frl
ftl
fdl
ifjek.kokpd
fo'ks"k.k
bruk
mruk
frruk
ftruk
fdruk
xq.kokpd
fo'ks"k.k
,slk
oSlk
rSlk
tSlk
dSlk
i.b
loZuke
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
loZukeksa dh O;qRifk
nd
Bo
ok
hi
laLr
vge~
Roe
,"k%
l%
;%
d%
fde~
dksfi
vkReu~
fdafpr~
izkr
vEg
rqEg
,v
lks
tks
dks
fde~
dksfo
vIi
fdafp
fganh
eSa] ge
rw] rqe
;g] ;s
lks] og] os
tks
dkSu
D;k
dksbZ
vki
dqN
fganh O;kdj.k / 93
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
rhljk v/;k;
fo'ks"k.k
t.c
om
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143- ftl fodkjh 'kCn ls laKk dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr gksrh gS] mls fo'ks"k.k
dgrs gS]a tSlcM+
s k] dkyk( n;kyq] Hkkjh] ,d] nks] lcA fo'ks"k.k ds }kjk ftl
laKk dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr gksrh gS] mls fo'ks"; dgrs gS]a tSl^dkyk
s
?kksMk+ * okD;ka'k
esa ^?kksM+k* laKk ^dkyk* fo'ks"; gSA ^cM+k ?kj* esa ^?kj* fo'ks"; gSA
fV-^fganh O;kdj.k* esa laKk ds rhu Hksn fd, x, gSuke]
a
loZuke vkSj
fo'ks"k.kA nwljs O;kdj.kksa esa Hkh fo'ks"k.k laKk dk ,d miHksn ekuk x;k gSA blfy,
;gk ;g iz'u gS fd fo'ks"k.k ,d izdkj dh laKk gS vFkok ,d vyx 'kCnHksn
gSA bl 'kadk dk lekkku ;g gS fd loZuke ds leku fo'ks"k.k Hkh ,d izdkj
dh laKk gh gS( D;ksafd fo'ks"k.k Hkh oLrq dk vizR;{k uke gSA ij bldks vyx
'kCnHksn ekuus dk ;g dkj.k gS fd bldk mi;ksx laKk ds fcuk ugha gks ldrk
vkSj blls laKk dk dsoy keZ lwfpr gksrk gS( ^dkyk* dgus ls ?kksM+k] diM+k] nkx]
vkfn fdlh Hkh oLrq ds keZ dh Hkkouk eu esa mRiUu gks ldrh gS( ijarq ml
keZ dk uke ^dkyk* ugha gS( fdarq ^dkykiu* gSA tc fo'ks"k.k vdsyk vkrk gS]
rc mlls inkFkZ dk cksk gksrk gS vkSj mls laKk dgrs gSaA ml le; mlesa laKk
ds leku fodkj Hkh gksrs gS(a tSlblds
s
cM+kas dk ;g ladYi gS* 'kdq-A ^Hkys
HkykbZ iS ygfga* jke-!
lc fo'ks"k.k fodkjh 'kCn ugha gSa( ijarq fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx laKkvksa ds leku
gks ldrk gS] vkSj ml le; buesa :ikarj gksrk gSA blfy, fo'ks"k.k dks ^fodkjh
'kCn* dguk mfpr gSA blds flok dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd laLr dh pky ij fo'ks";
ds vuqlkj fo'ks"k.k dk Hkh :ikarj djrs gS]a tSl^s ewfrZerh ;g lqanjrk gSA* d-d-A
^iqjokfluh fL=k;k* j?kq-A
fo'ks"k.k laKk dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr djrk gSbl mfDr dk vFkZ ;g gS fd
fo'ks"k.kjfgr laKk ls ftruh oLrqvksa dk cksk gksrk gS] mudh la[;k fo'ks"k.k ds
;ksx ls de gks tkrh gSA ^?kksM+k* 'kCn ls ftrus izkf.k;ksa dk cksk gksrk gS] mrus
izkf.k;ksa dk cksk ^dkyk ?kksM+k* 'kCn ls ugha gksrkA ^?kksM+k* 'kCn ftruk O;kid
gS] mruk ^dkyk ?kksM+k* 'kCn ugha gSA ^?kksM+k* 'kCn dh O;kfIr foLrkj ^dkyk*
'kCn ls e;kZfnr ladqfpr gksrh gS] vFkkZr~ ^?kksM+k* 'kCn vfkd izkf.k;ksa dk ckskd
gS vkSj ^dkyk ?kksM+k* 'kCn mlls de izkf.k;ksa dk ckskd gSA
^fganh ckycksk O;kdj.k* esa fo'ks"k.k dk ;g y{k.k fn;k gqvk gS^laKkokpd
'kCn ds xq.kksa dks trkusokys 'kCnksa dks xq.kokpd 'kCn dgrs gSaA* bl ifjHkk"kk esa
vO;kfIr nks"k gS( D;ksafd dksbZ&dksbZ fo'ks"k.k dsoy la[;k vkSj dksbZ&dksbZ dsoy n'kk
94 / fganh O;kdj.k
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1 lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k
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izdV djrs gSa] fQj ^xq.k* 'kCn ls bl y{k.k esa vfrO;kfIr nks"k Hkh vk ldrk
gS( D;ksafd Hkkookpd laKk Hkh ^xq.k* trkusokyh gSA blds flok bl y{k.k esa
^laKk* ds fy, O;FkZ gh ^laKkokpd 'kCn* vkSj ^fo'ks"k.k* ds fy, ^xq.kokpd* rFkk
^xq.kokpd 'kCn* yk;k x;k gSA tku iM+rk gS fd ys[kd us ^laKk* 'kCn dk iz;ksx
ejkBh ds vuqdj.k ij] uke ds vFkZ esa fd;k gSA
144- O;fDrokpd laKk ds lkFk tks fo'ks"k.k vkrk gS og ml laKk dh
O;kfIr e;kZfnr ugha djrk] dsoy mldk vFkZ Li"V djrk gS( tSlifroz
s rk lhrk]
izrkih Hkkst] n;kyq bZ'oj bR;kfnA bu mnkgj.kksa esa fo'ks"k.k laKk ds vFkZ Li"V
djrs gSaA ^ifrozrk lhrk* ogh O;fDr gS] tks ^lhrk* gSA blh izdkj ^Hkkst* vkSj
^izrkih Hkkst* ,d gh O;fDr ds uke gSaA fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ Li"V djus ds fy,
tks 'kCn vkrs gSa os lekukfkdj.k dgkrs gSa ns- vad560A ij ds okD;ksa esa
^ifrozrk*] ^izrkih* vkSj ^n;kyq* lekukfkdj.k fo'ks"k.k gSaA
145- tkfrokpd laKk ds lkFk mldk lkkkj.k keZ lwfpr djusokyk fo'ks"k.k
lekukfkdj.k gksrk gS( tSlews d i'kq] vcksk cPpk] dky dkSvk] Ba<h cQZ bR;kfnA
bu mnkgj.kksa esa fo'ks"k.kksa ds dkj.k laKk dh O;kidrk de ugha gksrhA
146- fo'ks"; ds lkFk fo'ks"k.k dk iz;ksx nks izdkj ls gksrk gS1 laKk
ds lkFk] 2 f;k ds lkFkA igys iz;ksx dks fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k vkSj nwljs dks foks;
fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k] fo'ks"; ds iwoZ vkSj foks; fo'ks"k.k] f;k ds
igys vkrk gS( tSl^s ,slh lqMkSy pht dgha ugha cu ldrhA* ijh-A ^gesa rks
lalkj lwuk ns[k iM+rk gS* lR;-A ^;g ckr lp gSA*
d foks;fo'ks"k.k lekukfkdj.k gksrk gS( tSl^;g
s czk.k piy gSA* bl
okD; esa ^;g* 'kCn ds dkj.k ^czk.k* laKk dh O;kidrk ?kVrh gS( ijarq ^piy*
'kCn ml O;kidrk dks vkSj de ugha djrkA mlesa czk.k ds fo"k; esa dsoy
,d ckrpiyrktkuh tkrh gSA
147- fo'ks"k.k ds eq[; rhu Hksn fd, tkrs gS1
a lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k]
2 xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k vkSj 3 la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kA
lw-;g oxhZdj.k U;k;n`f"V ls ugha( fdarq mi;ksfxrk dh n`f"V ls fd;k
x;k gSA lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k loZukeksa ls curs gSa( blfy, nwljs fo'ks"k.kksa ls mudk
,d vyx oxZ ekuuk mfpr gSA fQj O;ogkj esa xq.k vkSj la[;k fHkUu&fHkUu keZ
gS]a blfy, bu nksuksa ds fopkj ls fo'ks"k.k ds vkSj nks Hksnxq.kokpd vkSj
la[;kokpd fd, x, gSaA
148- iq#"kokpd vkSj futokpd loZukeksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k loZukeksa dk
iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gSA tc ;s 'kCn vdsys vkrs gSa( rc loZuke gksrs
fganh O;kdj.k / 95
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gSa vkSj tc buds lkFk laKk vkrh gSa rc ;s fo'ks"k.k gksrs gS]a tSl^ukS
s dj vk;k(
og ckgj [kM+k gSA bl okD; esa ^og* loZuke gS] D;ksafd og ukSdj laKk ds cnys
vk;k gS] ^og ukSdj ugha vk;k*;gk ^og* fo'ks"k.k gS D;ksfa d ^og* ^ukSdj* laKk
dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr djrk gS( vFkkZr~ mldk fu'p; crkrk gSA blh rjg ^fdlh
dks cqykvks* vkSj ^fdlh czk.k dks cqykvks*bu okD;ksa esa fdlh e'k% loZuke
vkSj fo'ks"k.k gSaA
149- iq#"kokpd vkSj futokpd loZuke ls] rw] vki laKk ds lkFk vkdj
mldh O;kfIr e;kZfnr ugha djrs( tSl^eS
s a eksguyky bdjkj djrk gwA * bl okD;
esa eSa* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k ds leku eksguyky laKk dh O;kfIr e;kZfnr ugha djrk] fdarq
;gk ^eksguyky* 'kCn ^eSa* ds vFkZ dks Li"V djus ds fy, vk;k gSA dksbZ&dksbZ
;gk eSa dks fo'ks"k.k dgsaxs] ijarq ;gk eq[; fokku ^eSa* ds fo"k; esa gS f;k Hkh
mlh ds vuqlkj gSA tks fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; ds lkFk vkrk gS] ml fo'ks"k.k ds fo"k;
esa fokku ugha fd;k tk ldrkA blfy, ;gk ^eSa* vkSj ^eksguyky* lekukf/kdj.k
'kCn gS(a fo'ks"k.k vkSj fo'ks"; ugha gSAa blh rjg ^yM+dk vki vk;k Fkk*bl okD;
esa ^vki* 'kCn fo'ks"k.k ugha gS( fdarq ^yM+dk* laKk dk lekukfkdj.k 'kCn gSA
150- lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k O;qRifk ds vuqlkj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa
1 ewy loZuke] tks fcuk fdlh :ikarj ds laKk ds lkFk vkrs gStSa ls
og]
?kj] og yM+dk] dksbZ ukSdj] dqN dke bR;kfn ns- vad114A
2 ;kSfxd loZuke ns- vad141] tks ewy loZukeksa esa izR;; yxkus ls
curs gSa vkSj laKk ds lkFk vkrs gS(a tSls ,slk vkneh] dSlk ?kj] mruk dke]
tSlk ns'k oSlk Hks"k bR;kfnA
151- ewy lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa dk vFkZ cgqkk loZukeksa gh ds leku gksrk
gS( ijarq dgha&dgha muesa dqN fo'ks"krk ikbZ tkrh gSA
v ^og* ^,d* ds lkFk vkdj vfu'p;okpd gksrk gS( tSl^s og ,d
efugkfju vk xbZ FkhA* lR;-A
lw-x| esa ^lk* dk iz;ksx cgqkk fo'ks"k.k ds leku ugha gksrkA
vk ^dkSu* vkSj ^dksbZ* izk.kh] inkFkZ ok keZ ds uke ds lkFk vkrs gSa(
tSls dkSu euq";\ dkSu tkuoj\ dkSu diM+k\ dkSu ckr\ dksbZ euq";A dksbZ
tkuojA dksbZ diM+kA dksbZ ckrA bR;kfnA
b vk'p;Z esa ^D;k* izk.kh] inkFkZ ok keZ rhuksa ds uke ds lkFk vkrk
gS( tSl^rq
s e Hkh D;k vkneh gks!* ^;g D;k yM+dh gS\* D;k ckr gS!* bR;kfnA
bZ iz'u esa ^D;k* cgqkk Hkkookpd laKkvksa ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSls D;k
dke\ D;k uke\ D;k n'kk\ D;k lgk;rk\ bR;kfnA
m ^dqN* la[;k] ifjek.k vkSj vfu'p; dh ckskd gSA la[;k vkSj ifjek.k
ds iz;ksx vkxs fy[ks tk;xAs ns- vad184&185A vfu'p; ds vFkZ esa ^dqN*]
96 / fganh O;kdj.k
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tSls brus xq.kK vkSj jfld yksx ,d=k gSa* lR;-A ^esjs ftrus iztktu gSa muesa
ls fdlh dks vdky e`R;q ugha vkrh* j?kq-A
v ^fdrus gh* dk iz;ksx ^dbZ* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS( tSl^i`
s Foh ds fdrus
gh va'k khjs&khjs mBrs tkrs gSa* lj-A ^fdrus* ds lkFk dHkh&dHkh ^,d* tksM+k
tkrk gS] tSl^s fdrus ,d fnu ihNs fQj tjkla/k mruh gh lsuk ys p<+ vk;k*
izse-A
155- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k dHkh&dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrs gS]a tSl^rw
s
ejus ls bruk D;ksa Mjrk gS\* ^oSfnd yksx fdruk Hkh vPNk fy[ksa] rks Hkh muds
v{kj vPNs ugha gksrs* eqnzk-A ^eqfu ,sls kskh gSa fd fcuk nf{k.kk feys 'kki
nsus dks rS;kj gksaxs* lR;-A ^e`xNkSus dSls fukM+d pj jgs gSa!* 'kdq-A
v ^brus esa* f;kfo'ks"k.k okD;ka'k gS] vkSj mldk vFkZ ^bl le; esa*
gksrk gS( tSl^s brus esa ,slk gqvkA*
156- ^fut* vkSj ^ijk;k* Hkh lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k gSa( D;ksafd budk iz;ksx
cgqkk fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS( ;s nksuksa vFkZ esa ,d nwljs ds myVs gSaA ^fut*
dk vFkZ ^viuk* vkSj ^ijk;k* dk vFkZ ^nwljs dk*] gS( tSls fut ns'k] fut Hkk"kk]
ijk;k ?kj] ijk;k eky bR;kfnA
2 xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
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98 / fganh O;kdj.k
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3 la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k
nd
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v iw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.k
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vk viw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.k
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^lkS ,d* dk vFkZ ^lkS ds yxHkx* gS] ijarq ^,d lkS ,d* dk vFkZ ^lkS
vkSj ,d* gSA
vfu'p; vFkok vuknj ds vFkZ esa ^Bks tksMk+ tkrk gS] tSlnks
s Bks jksfV;k]
ipkl Bks vknehA
lw-dfork esa ^,d* ds cnys cgqkk ^d* tksMk+ tkrk gS] tSlpyh
s
N
lkrd gkFk] fnu }Sd rsa lr-A
vk ,d ds vfu'p; ds fy, mlds lkFk vkn ;k vkk yxkrs gS(a tSl,d
s
vkn Vksih] ,d vkk dfokA
,d vkSj vkn vkk esa cgqkk lafk Hkh gks tkrh gS] tSls ,dkn] ,dkkA
b vfu'p; ds fy, dksbZ Hkh nks iw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.k lkFk&lkFk vkrs
gS(a tSls ^ nks pkj fnu esa* ^nl chl #i;s*] ^lkS nks lkS vkneh* bR;kfnA
^Ms<+ nks*] ^v<+kbZ rhu* vkfn Hkh cksyrs gSaA ^mUuhl chl* dgus ls dqN
deh le>h tkrh gS( tSl^chekjh
s
vc mUuhl chl gS* ^rhu ikp* dk vFkZ ^yM+kbZ*
gS vkSj ^rhu rsjg* dk vFkZ ^frrj fcrj* gSA
bZ ^chl*] ^ipkl*] ^lSdM+k*] ^gtkj*] ^yk[k* vkSj ^djksM+* esa vks tksM+us
ls vfu'p; dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl^chlks
s
a vkneh*]^ipklksa ?kj*] ^lSdM+kas #i;s*]
^gtkjksa cjl*] ^djksM+ksa iafMr* bR;kfnA
lw-,d ys[kd fganh ^djksM*+ 'kCn ds lkFk ^vks*a ds cnys Qkjlh dk ^gk*
izR;; tksM+dj ^djksM+gk* fy[krs gSa] tks v'kq) gSA
180- eokpd fo'ks"k.k ls fdlh oLrq dh ekuqlkj x.kuk dk cksk gksrk
gS] tSligyk]
s
nwljk] ikpok bR;kfnA
v eokpd fo'ks"k.k iw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.kksa ls curs gSaA igys pkj
eokpd fo'ks"k.k fu;ejfgr gS(a tSls
,d igyk
rhu rhljk
nks nwljk
pkj pkSFkk
vk ikp ls ysdj vkxs ds 'kCnksa esa ^ok* tksM+us ls eokpd fo'ks"k.k curs
gS(a tSls
ikp ikpok
nl nlok
N NBok NBk
ianzg ianzgok
vkB vkBok
ipkl ipklok
b lkS ls ij dh la[;kvksa esa fiNys 'kCn ds var esa ok yxkrs gS(a tSl,d
s
lkS rhuok bR;kfnA
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bZ dHkh&dHkh laLr eokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk Hkh mi;ksx gksrk gS( tSlizs Fke
igyk] f}rh; nwljk] r`rh; rhljk] prqFkZ pkSFkk] iape ikpok] "k"B NBk]
n'ke nlok] ^"k"Be* v'kq) gSA
m frfFk;ksa ds ukeksa esa fganh 'kCnksa ds flok dHkh&dHkh laLr 'kCnksa dk
Hkh mi;ksx gksrk gS( tSlfga
s nhnwt nkst] rht] pkSFk] ikp]as NB] bR;kfnA
laLrf}rh;k] prqFkhZ] iapeh] "k"Bh bR;kfnA
181- vko`fkokpd fo'ks"k.k ls tkuk tkrk gS fd mlds fo'ks"; dk okP;
inkFkZ dS xquk gS( tSlnqs xuq k] pkSxuq k] nl xquk] lkSxuq k bR;kfnA
v iw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.k ds vkxs ^xquk* 'kCn yxkus ls vko`fkokpd ds
fo'ks"k.k curs gSaA ^xquk* 'kCn yxkus ds igys nks ls ysdj vkB rd la[;kvksa ds
'kCnksa esa vk| Loj dk dqN fodkj gksrk gS( tSls
nks nqxquk ok nwuk
Ng Nxquk
rhu frxquk
lkr lrxquk
pkj pkSxquk
vkB vBxquk
ikp ipxquk
ukS ukSxquk
vk ijr ok izdkj ds vFkZ esa ^gjk* tksMk+ tkrk gS( tSlbdgjk]
s
nqgjk]
frgjk] pkSgjk bR;kfnA
b dHkh&dHkh laLr ds vko`fkokpd fo'ks"k.k dk Hkh mi;ksx gksrk gS(
tSlf}xq
s .k] f=kxq.k] prqx.Zq k bR;kfnA
bZ igkM+ksa esa vko`fkokpd vkSj viw.kZ la[;kckskd fo'ks"k.kksa ds :iksa esa
dqN varj gks tkrk gS( tSls
nwunwu]s nwuhA
loklokeA
frxqukfr;k] frfjdA
Ms<Ms+ o<s+
pkSxuq kpkSdA
v<+kbZv<+keA
iapxqukiapAs
NxqukNdA
lrxquklksA
vBxqukvV~BAs
ukSxuq kuok] uosAa
nlxqukngkeA
lw-bu 'kCnksa dk mPpkj.k fHkUu&fHkUu izn's kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dk
gksrk gSA
182- leqnk;okpd fo'ks"k.kksa ls fdlh iw.kkdckskd la[;k ds leqnk; dk
104 / fganh O;kdj.k
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184- ftl la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ls fdlh fuf'pr la[;k dk cksk ugha gksrk]
mls vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dgrs gS(a tSl,d
s nwljk] vU;] vkSj lc
fganh O;kdj.k / 105
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loZ] ldy] leLr] dqN] cgqr vusd] dbZ] ukuk] vfkd T;knk( de] dqN
vkfn bR;kfn] oxSjg] veqd QykukA
vfuf'pr la[;k ds vFkZ esa budk iz;ksx cgqopu esa gksrk gSA vkSj&vkSj
fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku ;s fo'ks"k.k Hkh fcuk fo'ks"; ds laKk ds leku mi;ksx esa
vkrs gSa( buesa ls dksbZ&dksbZ ifjek.kckskd fo'ks"k.k Hkh gksrs gSaA
1 ^,d* iw.kkdckskd fo'ks"k.k gS( ijarq bldk iz;ksx cgqkk vfuf'pr ds
fy, gksrk gSA
v ^,d* ls dHkh&dHkh ^dksb*Z dk vFkZ ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^s ,d fnu
,slk gqvkA* ^geus ,d ckr lquh gSA*
vk tc ^,d* laKk ds leku vkrk gS] rc mldk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh cgqopu
ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS vkSj nwljs okD; esa mldh f}#fDr Hkh gksrh gS( tSl^,d
s
jksrk gS* vkSj ^,d glrk gSA* ^bd izfo'kfg bd fuxZefg* jke-A
b ^,d* dHkh&dHkh ^dsoy* ds vFkZ esa f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrk gS( tSl^,d
s
vkkk lsj vkVk pkfg,A* ^,d rqEgkjs gh nq%[k ls ge nq[kh gSaA*
bZ ^,d* ds lkFk lk izR;; yxkus ls ^leku* dk vFkZ ik;k tkrk gS(
tSlnks
s uksa dk :i ,d lk gSA
m vfu'p; ds vFkZ esa ^,d* dqN loZukeksa vkSj fo'ks"k.kksa esa tksM+k tkrk
gS( tSldks
s bZ ,d] dqN ,d] nl ,d] fdrus ,d bR;kfnA
^,d ,d* dHkh dHkh ^;g og* ds vFkZ esa fu'p;okpd ds leku
vkrk gS( tSls
^iqfu cankS 'kkjn lqj lfjrkA
;qxy iquhr euksgj pfjrk
eTtu iku iki gj ,dkA
dgr lqur bd gj vfoosdk*
jke-
2 ^nwljk* ^nks* dk eokpd fo'ks"k.k gSA ;g ^izr izk.kh* ;k inkFkZ
ls ^fHkUu* ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS( tSl^;g
s
nwljh ckr gSA* ^}kj nwljs nhurk mfpr
u rqylh rksjA* rq- l-A ^nwljk* ds i;kZ;okph ^vU;* vkSj ^vkSj* gS( tSls vU;
inkFkZ] vkSj tkfrA
v dHkh dHkh ^nwljk* ^,d* ds lkFk fofHkUurk rqyuk ds vFkZ esa laKk
ds leku vkrk gS] tSl^s ,d tyrk ekal ekjs r`".kk ds eqg esa j[k ysrk gS---vkSj
nwljk mlh dks fQj >V ls [kk tkrk gS* lR;-A
vk ^,d&,d* ds leku ^,d nwljk* vFkok ^igyk nwljk* igys dgh gqbZ
106 / fganh O;kdj.k
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nks oLrqvksa dk ekuqlkj fu'p; lwfpr djrk gS] tSlizs fr"Bk ds fy, nks fo|k,
gSa] ,d 'kL=k fo|k vkSj nwljh 'kkL=k fo|kA igyh cq<+kis esa glh djkrh gS] ijarq
nwljh dk lnk vknj gksrk gSA
b ^,d&nwljk* ;kSfxd 'kCn gS vkSj bldk iz;ksx ^vkil* ds vFkZ esa gksrk
gS] ;g cgqkk loZuke ds leku laKk ds cnys esa vkrk gS] tSl^yM+
s ds ,d
nwljs ls yM+rs gSaA*
bZ ^vkSj* dHkh dHkh ^vfkd la[;k* ds vFkZ esa Hkh vkrk gS] tSl^s eSa
vkSj vke ywxkA*
m ^vkSj dk vkSj* fo'ks"k.k okD;ka'k gS vkSj mldk vFkZ ^fHkUu* gksrk gS]
tSl^mlus
s
vkSj dk vkSj dke dj fn;kA*
^vkSj* leqPp;ckskd Hkh gksrk gS] tSl^gok
s
pyh vkSj ikuh fxjkA*
ns- vad243
vks ^dksb*Z ] ^dqN*] ^dkSu* vkSj ^D;k* ds lkFk Hkh ^vkSj* vkrk gS] tSl^vly
s
pksj dksbZ vkSj gSA* ^eSa vkSj dqN dgwxkA* ^rqEgkjs lkFk vkSj dkSu gS\* ^ekjus ds
flok vkSj D;k gksxkA*
3 ^lc* iwjh la[;k lwfpr djrk gS] ijarq vfuf'pr :i lsA ^lc* esa
ikp Hkh 'kkfey gS vkSj ipkl HkhA bldk iz;ksx cgqkk cgqopu laKk ds lkFk
gksrk gS( tSl^s lc yM+dsA* ^lc diM+sA* ^lc HkhM+A* ^lc izdkjA*
v laKk:i esa bldk iz;ksx ^laiw.kZ ok izk.kh inkFkZ* ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS(
tSl^lc
s ;gh ckr dgrs gSAa
lc ds nkrk jkeA* ^vkRek lc esa O;kIr gSA* ^eSa
lc tkurk gwA*
vk ^lc* ds lkFk ^dksbZ* vkSj ^dqN* vkrs gSaA ^lc dksbZ* vkSj ^lc dqN*
ds vFkZ dk varj ^dksb*Z vkSj ^dqN* loZukeksa ds gh leku gS] tSl^s lc dksbZ
viuh cM+kbZ pkgrs gSa* 'kdq-A ^ge le>rs lc dqN gSa* lR;-A
b ^lc dk lc fo'ks"k.k okD;ka'k gS] vkSj bldk iz;ksx ^leLrrk* ds vFkZ
esa gksrk gS] lc ds lc yM+ds ykSV vk,A
bZ ^lc* ds i;kZ;okph ^loZ*] ^ldy*] ^leLr* vkSj mnwZ ^dqy* gSaA bu
'kCnksa dk mi;ksx cgqkk fo'ks"k.k gh ds leku gksrk gSA
4 ^cgqr* FkksMk+ dk myVk gSA tSl^eq
s lyeku Fks cgqr vkSj fgUnw Fks FkksMs+*
lj-A
v ^cgqr* ds lkFk ^ls* vkSj ^lkjs* tksM+us ls dqN vfkd la[;k dk cksk
gksrk gS] tSl^s cgqr ls yksx ,slk le>rs gSaA* ^cgqr lkjs yM+ds*A ;g fiNyk
iz;ksx izkarh; gSA
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vk ^cgqr* ds lkFk ^dqN* Hkh vkrk gSA ^cgqr dqN* dk vFkZ izk;% ^cgqr
ls* ds leku gksrk gS] tSl^cgq
s r dqN vkneh vk, FksA*
b ^vusd* vu~ + ,d ^,d* dk myVk gSA bldk iz;ksx vfuf'pr
la[;k ds fy, gksrk gSA ^vusd* ^dbZ* izk;% lekukFkhZ gSAa mnkgj.k^ vusd tUe*]
^dbZ jax* bR;kfnA ^vusd* esa fofokrk ds vFkZ esa cgqkk ^vks* tksM+ nsrs gSa]
tSls ^vusdksa jksx*] ^vusdksa euq";* bR;kfnA
bZ ^dbZ* ds lkFk cgqkk ^,d* vkrk gSA ^dbZ ,d* dk vFkZ izk;% ^dbZ izdkj
dk* gS vkSj mldk i;kZ;okph ^ukuk* gS( tSl^dbZ
s ,d czk.k* ^ukuk o`{k* bR;kfnA
5 ^vfkd* vkSj ^T;knk* ^rqyuk* esa vkrs gS]a tSl^vfkd
s
#i;k* ^T;knk
fnu* bR;kfnA
6 ^de* ^T;knk* dk myVk gS vkSj blh ds leku rqyuk esa vkrk gS(
tSl^;g
s diM+k de&nkeksa esa csprs gSAa *
7 ^dqN* vfu'p;okpd loZuke gksus ds flok ns- vad 133] 151m
la[;k dk Hkh |ksrd gSA ;g ^cgqr* dk myVk gS( tSl^s dqN yksx*] ^dqN Qy*]
^dqN rkjs* bR;kfnA
8 ^vkfn* dk vFkZ ^vkSj ,sls gh nwljs* gSaA bldk iz;ksx laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k
nksuksa ds leku gksrk gS( tSl^vki
s
esjh nSoh] ekuq"kh vkfn lHkh vkifk;ksa ds uk'k
djus okys gSa* j?kq-A ^fo|kuqjkfxrk] midkjfiz;rk vkfn xq.k ftlesa lgt gksa*
lR;-* ^bl ;qfDr ls mldks Vksih] :eky] ?kM+h] vkfn dk cgqkk Qk;nk gks tkrk
Fkk* ijh-A ^vkfn* ds i;kZ;okpd ^bR;kfn* vkSj ^oxSjg* gSaA ^oxSjg* mnwZ vjch
'kCn gS] fganh esa bldk iz;ksx de gksrk gSA ^bR;kfn* dk iz;ksx cgqkk fdlh fo"k;
ds dqN mnkgj.kksa ds i'pkr~ gksrk gS( tSl^D;k
s
gqvk] D;k ns[kk bR;kfnA*
Hkk"kklkj- ^^iBu] euu] ?kks"k.kk bR;kfn lc 'kCn ;gh xokgh nsrs gSaA* bfr-A
lw- ^vkfn*] ^bR;kfn* vkSj ^oxSjg* 'kCnksa dk mi;ksx ckj&ckj djus ls
ys[kd dh vlkokkuh vkSj vFkZ dk vfu'p; lwfpr gksrk gSA ,d mnkgj.k ds
i'pkr~ vkfn vkSj ,d ls vfkd ds ckn bR;kfn ykuk pkfg,( tSl?kj
s vkfn
dh O;oLFkk] diM+s] Hkkstu bR;kfn dk izcakA
9 ^veqd* dk iz;ksx dksbZ ^,d* ns- vad132m ds vFkZ esa gksrk
gS( tSl^vkneh
s
;g ugha dgrs fd veqd ckr veqd jk; ;k veqd lEefr funksZ"k
gS* Lok-A ^veqd* dk i;kZ;okph ^Qykuk* mnwQyk
Z gSA
10 ^dS* dk vFkZ iz'uokpd fo'ks"k.k ^fdrus* ds leku gSA bldk iz;ksx
laKk dh ukb Dofpr~ gksrk gS( tSl^dS
s yM+d*s ] ^dS vke* bR;kfnA
108 / fganh O;kdj.k
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3 ifjek.kckskd fo'ks"k.k
Bo
ok
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nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
izFke
f}rh;
r`rh;
iBeks
nqbv
rbv
fga,d
nks
rhu
pkj
ikp
N%
lkr
vkB
ukS
nl
lafoa'kfr
f=ka'kr~
pRokfja'kr~
ipk'kr~
"kf"V
lIrfr
v'khfr
uofr
'kr
lglz
izkchlbZ
rhlvk
pkkyhlk
i..kklk
lfV~B
lkjh
vlhbZ
um,
lv
lg
fgachl
rhl
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lkB
lkj
vLlh
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lkS
lglz
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ipe
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pmRFks
iapekS
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pkSFkk
ikpok
NBk
lo
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nqos
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nl
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igyks
nwljk
rhljk
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us ne;arh dks cgqr le>k;k* xqVdk-A ^;g ckr rks dqN ,slh cM+h u Fkh* 'kdq-A
^ftudks vkSj lkjs inkFkks dh vis{kk ;'k gh vfkd I;kjk gS* j?kq-A ^ydhj vkSj
lhkh djksA* ^;g lksuk FkksM+k [kksVk gSA* ^FkksM+s* dk vFkZ izk;% ugha ds cjkcj gksrk
gS tSlge
s yM+rs ^FkksM*s+ gSAa *
Bo
ok
hi
Vh-fganh ds vfkdka'k O;kdj.kksa esa fo'ks"k.kksa ds Hksn vkSj miHksn ugha fd,
x,A bldk dkj.k dnkfpr~ oxhZdj.k ds U;k;laxr vkkkj dk vHkko gksA fo'ks"k.kksa
ds oxhZdj.k dk dkj.k ge bl v;k; ds vkjaHk esa ns- vad147lw- fy[k
vk, gSaA budk oxhZdj.k dsoy ^Hkk"kkro&nhfidk* esa ik;k tkrk gS] blfy, ge
vius fd, gq, Hksnksa dk feyku blh iqLrd esa fn, x, Hksnksa ls djrs gSaA bl
iqLrd esa ^la[;kfo'ks"k.k* ds ikp Hksn fd, x, gS1
a la[;kokpd] 2 lewgokpd]
3 eokpd 4 vko`fkokpd vkSj 5 la[;ka'kokpdA buesa ^la[;k fo'ks"k.k*
vkSj ^la[;kokpd*] ,d gh vFkZ ds nks uke gSa] tks e'k% tkfr vkSj mldh mitkfr
dks fn, x, gSaA blesa ukeksa dh xM+cM+ ds flok dksbZ ykHk ugha gSA fQj ^la[;kokpd*
uke dk tks ,d Hksn gS mldk lekos'k ^la[;kokpd* esa gks tkrk gS] D;ksafd nksuksa
Hksnksa ds iz;ksx leku gSaA ftl izdkj ,d] nks] rhu vkfn 'kCn oLrqvksa dh la[;k
110 / fganh O;kdj.k
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lwfpr djrs gSa] mlh izdkj] vkkk] ikSu] lok vkfn Hkh la[;k lwfpr djus okys
gSaA blds flok vfuf'pr la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ^Hkk"kk&ro&nhfidk* esa Lohdkj gh
ugha fd;k x;k gSA mlds dqN mnkgj.k bl iqLrd esa ^lkekU; loZuke* ds uke
ls vk, gSa] ijarq muds fo'ks"k.khHkwr iz;ksx dk dgha mYys[k gh ugha gSA izR;sdckskd
fo'ks"k.k ds fo"k; esa Hkh ^Hkk"kk&ro&nhfidk* esa dqN ugha dgk x;k gSA geus
la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k ds lc feykdj lkr Hksn uhps fy[ks vuqlkj fd, gSa
fuf'pr la[;kokx.kukok1
lo
gs
po
la[;kokpd
vfuf'pr la[;kok-
eok2
vko`fkok3
leqnk;ok4
ifjek.kcks-
izR;sdcks5
i.b
iw.kkdcks- viw.kkdcks6
7
;g oxhZdj.k Hkh fcydqy funksZ"k ugha gS] ijarq blesa izk;% lHkh la[;kokpd
fo'ks"k.k vk x, gSa( vkSj :i rFkk vFkZ esa ,d oxZ nwljs ls cgqr feyrk gSA
nd
pkSFkk v/;k;
f;k
Bo
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187- ftl fodkjh 'kCn ds iz;ksx ls ge fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa dqN fokku
djrs gS]a mls f;k dgrs gS(a tSl^gfj.k
s
Hkkxk*] ^jktk uxj esa vk,*] ^eSa tkxk*]
^?kkl gjh gksrh gS*A igys okD; esa gfj.k ds fo"k; esa ^Hkkxk* 'kCn ds }kjk fokku
fd;k x;k gS blfy, ^Hkkxk* 'kCn f;k gSA blh izdkj nwljs okD; esa ^vk,*]
rhljs okD; esa ^tkxk* vkSj pkSFks okD; esa ^gksrh gS* 'kCn ls fokku fd;k x;k
gS( blfy, ^vk,*] ^tkxk* vkSj ^gksrh gS* 'kCn f;k gSA
188- ftl ewy 'kCn esa fodkj gksus ls f;k curh gS] mls kkrq dgrs gSa(
tSl^Hkkxk*
s
f;k esa ^vk* izR;; gS] tks ^Hkkx* ewy 'kCn esa yxk gS( blfy, ^Hkkxk*
fganh O;kdj.k / 111
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f;k dk kkrq ^Hkkx* gSA blh rjg ^vk,* f;k dk kkrq ^vk*] ^tkxk* f;k
dk kkrq ^tk* vkSj ^gksrh gS* f;k dk kkrq ^gks* gSA
v kkrq ds var esa ^uk* tksM+us ls tks 'kCn curk gS mls f;k dk lkkkj.k
:i dgrs gS]a tSl^Hkkx&uk]
s
vk&uk] tk&uk] gks&uk* bR;kfnA dksbZ dksbZ Hkwy ls
blh lkkkj.k :i dks kkrq dgrs gSaA dks'k esa Hkkx] vk] tk] gks bR;kfn kkrqvksa
ds cnys f;k ds lkkkj.k :i] Hkkxuk] vkuk] tkuk] gksuk bR;kfn fy[kus dh pky gSA
vk f;k dk lkkkj.k :i f;k ugha gS( D;ksafd mlds mi;ksx ls ge
fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku ugha dj ldrs gSA fofkdky ds :i dks NksM+dj
f;k ds lkkkj.k :i dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksrkA dksbZ dksbZ bls f;kFkZd
laKk dgrs gSa( ;g f;kFkZd laKk Hkkookpd laKk ds varxZr gSA mnkgj.k^i<+uk
,d xq.k gSA* ^eSa i<+uk lh[krk gwA* ^Nqh esa viuk ikB i<+ukA* vafre okD;
esa ^i<+uk* f;k fofkdky esa gSA
b dbZ ,d kkrqvksa dk iz;ksx Hkh Hkkookpd laKk ds leku gksrk gS( tSl^ge
s
ukp ugha ns[krsA* ^vkt ?kksM+ksa dh nkSM+ gqbZA* ^rqEgkjh tkp Bhd ugha fudyhA*
bZ fdlh oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku djusokys 'kCnksa dks f;k blfy, dgrs
gSa fd vfkdka'k kkrq ftuls ;s 'kCn curs gS]a f;kokpd gS(a tSli<+
s ] fy[k]
mB] cSB] py] Qsd
a ] dkV bR;kfn( dksbZ dksbZ kkrq fLFkfrn'kZd gS(a tSllks
s ] fxj]
ej] gks bR;kfn vkSj dksbZ dksbZ fodkjn'kZd gS(a tSlcu]
s fn[k] fudy bR;kfnA
Vh-f;k ds tks y{k.k fganh O;kdj.kksa esa fn, x, gS]a muesa ls izk;% lHkh
y{k.kksa esa f;k ds vFkZ dk fopkj fd;k x;k gS( tSl^f;k
s
dke dks dgrs gSAa
vFkkZr~ ftl 'kCn ls djus vFkok gksus dk vFkZ fdlh dky] iq#"k vkSj opu ds
lkFk ik;k tk;A* Hkk"kkizHkkdjA O;kdj.k esa 'kCnksa ds y{k.k vkSj oxhZdj.k ds
fy, muds :i vkSj iz;ksx ds lkFk dHkh dHkh vFkZ dk Hkh fopkj fd;k tkrk
gS( ijarq dsoy vFkZ ds vuqlkj y{k.k djus ls foospu esa xM+cM+h gksrh gSA ;fn
f;k ds y{k.k esa dsoy ^djuk* ;k ^gksuk* dk fopkj fd;k tk; rks ^tkuk*] ^tkrk
gqvk*] ^tkusokyk* vkfn 'kCnksa dks Hkh ^f;k* dguk iM+sxkA Hkk"kkizHkkdj esa fn,
gq, y{k.k esa tks dky] iq#"k vkSj opu dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ xbZ gS] og f;k dk
vlkkkj.k keZ ugha gS vkSj og y{k.k ,d izdkj dk o.kZu gSA
f;k dk tks y{k.k ;gk fy[kk x;k gS ml ij Hkh ;g vk{ksi gks ldrk
gS fd dksbZ dksbZ f;k, vdsyh fokku ugha dj ldrhatSl^jktk
s
n;kyq gSA*
^i{kh ?kksalys cukrs gSaA* bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^gS* vkSj ^cukrs gSa* f;k, vdsyh fokku
ugha dj ldrhaA buds lkFk e'k% ^n;kyq* vkSj ^?kksalys* 'kCn j[kus dh vko';drk
gqbZ gSA bl vk{ksi dk mkj ;g gS fd bu okD;ksa esa ^gS* vkSj ^cukrs gSa* fokku
djus okys eq[; 'kCn gSa vkSj muds fcuk dke ugha py ldrk pkgs muds lkFk
112 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dksbZ 'kCn jgs ;k u jgsA f;k ds lkFk fdlh nwljs 'kCn dk jguk ;k u jguk
mlds vFkZ dh fo'ks"krk gSA
189- kkrq eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gksrs gS1
a ldeZd vkSj 2 vdeZdA
190- ftl kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokys O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj fdlh
nwljh oLrq ij iM+rk gS] mls ldeZd kkrq dgrs gS(a tSl^flikgh
s
pksj dks idM+rk
gSA* ^ukSdj fpV~Bh yk;kA* igys okD; esa ^idM+rk gS*] f;k ds O;kikj dk Qy
^flikgh* drkZ ls fudydj ^pksj* ij iM+rk gS( blfy, ^idM+rk gS* f;k vFkok
^idM+* kkrq ldeZd gS( nwljs okD; esa ^yk;k* f;k vFkok ^yk* kkrq ldeZd
gS] D;ksafd mldk Qy ^ukSdj* drkZ ls fudydj ^fpV~Bh* deZ ij iM+rk gSA
v drkZ dk vFkZ ^djusokyk* gSA f;k ds O;kikj dks djusokyk izk.kh
ok inkFkZ ^drkZ* dgykrk gSA ftl 'kCn ls bl djusokys dk cksk gksrk gS] mls
Hkh O;kdj.k esa ^drkZ* dgrs gSa] ij ;FkkFkZ esa 'kCn drkZ ugha gks ldrkA 'kCn
dks drkZdkjd vFkok drZ`in dguk pkfg,A ftu f;kvksa ls fLFkfr ok fo"k;
dk cksk gksrk gS mudk drkZ og inkFkZ gS ftldh fLFkfr ok fodkj ds fo"k;
esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS] tSl^L=kh
s
prqj gSA* ^ ea=kh jktk gks x;kA*
vk kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokys O;kikj dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj ftl oLrq
ij iM+rk gS] mls deZ dgrs gS(a tSl^flikgh
s
pksj dks idM+rk gSA* ^ukSdj fpV~Bh
yk;kA* igys okD; esa idM+rk gS* f;k dk Qy drkZ ls fudydj pksj ij iM+rk
gS] blfy, ^pksj* deZ gSA nwljs okD; esa ^yk;k* f;k dk Qy fpV~Bh ij iM+rk
gS( blfy, ^fpV~Bh* deZ gSA ^ldeZd* dk vFkZ gS ^deZ ds lfgr* vkSj deZ ds
lkFk vkus gh ls f;k ^ldeZd* dgykrh gSA
191- ftl kkrq ls lwfpr gksusokyk O;kikj vkSj mldk Qy drkZ gh ij
iM+s mls vdeZd kkrq dgrs gS(a tSl^xkM+
s h pyhA* ^yM+dk lksrk gSA* igys okD;
esa ^pyh* f;k dk O;kikj vkSj mldk Qy ^xkM+h* drkZ gh ij iM+rk gS( blfy,
^pyh* f;k vdeZd gSA nwljs okD; esa ^lksrk gS* f;k Hkh vdeZd gS] D;ksafd
mldk O;kikj vkSj Qy ^yM+dk* drkZ gh ij iM+rk gSA ^vdeZd* 'kCn dk vFkZ
^deZjfgr* vkSj deZ ds u gksus ls f;k ^vdeZd* dgkrh gSA
v ^yM+dk vius dks lqkkj jgk gSbl okD; esa ;|fi f;k ds O;kikj
dk Qy drkZ gh ij iM+rk gS] rFkkfi ^lqkkj jgk gS* f;k ldeZd gS( D;ksafd
bl f;k ds drkZ vkSj deZ ,d gh O;fDr ds okpd gksus ij Hkh vyx vyx
'kCn gSaA bl okD; esa ^yM+dk* drkZ vkSj ^vius dks* deZ gS] ;|fi ;s nksuksa 'kCn
,d gh O;fDr ds okpd gSaA
192- dksbZ dksbZ kkrq iz;ksx ds vuqlkj ldeZd vkSj vdeZd nksuksa gksrs
gS(a tSl[kq
s tykuk] Hkjuk] ytkuk] Hkwyuk] cnyuk] ,sBa uk] yypkuk] ?kcjkuk
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;kSfxd kkrq
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
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izsj.kkFkZd kkrq
t.c
om
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
202- ewy kkrq ds ftl for :i ls f;k ds O;kikj esa drkZ ij fdlh
dh izsj.kk le>h tkrh gS] mls izsj.kkFkZd kkrq dgrs gS(a tSl^cki
s
yM+ds ls fpV~Bh
fy[kokrk gSA* bl okD; esa ewy kkrq ^fy[k* dk for :i ^fy[kok* gS] ftlls
tkuk tkrk gS fd yM+dk fy[kus dk O;kikj cki dh izsj.kk ls djrk gS( blfy,
^fy[kok* izsj.kkFkZd kkrq gS vkSj ^cki* izsjd drkZ rFkk ^yM+dk* izsfjr drkZ gSA
^ekfyd ukSdj ls xkM+h pyokrk gSA* bl okD; esa ^pyokrk gS* izsj.kkFkZd f;k]
^ekfyd* izsjd drkZ vkSj ^ukSdj* izsfjr drkZ gSA
203- vkuk] tkuk] lduk] gksuk] #puk] ikuk vkfn kkrqvksa ls vU; izdkj
ds kkrq ugha cursA 'ks"k lc kkrqvksa ls nks nks izdkj ds izsj.kkFkZd kkrq curs gSa
ftuds igys :i cgqkk ldeZd f;k gh ds vFkZ esa vkrs gSa vkSj nwljs :i esa
;FkkFkZ izjs .kk le>h tkrh gS] tSl^s fxjrk gS*] ^dkjhxj ?kj fxjkrk gSA* ^dkjhxj
ukSdj ls ?kj fxjokrk gSA* ^yksx dFkk lqurs gSaA* ^iafMr yksxksa dks dFkk lqukrs
gSaA* ^iafMr f'k"; ls Jksrkvksa dks dFkk lquokrs gSaA*
v lc izjs .kkFkZd f;k, ldeZd gksrh gS]a tSls nch fcYyh pwgksa ls
dku dVkrh gSA* ^yM+ds us diM+k flyok;kA* ihuk] [kkuk] ns[kuk] le>uk]
nsuk] lquuk vkfn f;kvksa ds nksuksa izjs .kkFkZd :i f}deZd gksrs gS]a tSl^I;kls
s
dks ikuh fiykvksA* ^cki us yM+ds dks dgkuh lqukbZA* ^cPps dks jksVh
f[kyokvksA*
204- izjs .kkFkZd f;kvksa ds cukus ds fu;e uhps fn, tkrs gSa
1- ewy kkrq ds var esa ^vk* tksM+us ls igyk izsj.kkFkZd vkSj ^ok* tksM+us
ls nwljk izjs .kkFkZd curk gS] tSls
ew- kki- izsnw- izsmBuk
mBkuk
mBokuk
vkSVuk
vkSVkuk
vkSVokuk
fxjuk
fxjkuk
fxjokuk
pyuk
pykuk
pyokuk
i<+uk
i<+kuk
i<+okuk
QSyuk
QSykuk
QSyokuk
lquuk
lqukuk
lquokuk
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v nks v{kjksa ds kkrq esa ^,s* ok ^vkS* dks NksM+dj vkfn dk vU; nh?kZ
Loj Lo gks tkrk gS] tSls
ew- kki- izsnw- izsvks<+uk
m<+kuk
m<+okuk
tkxuk
txkuk
txokuk
thruk
ftrkuk
ftrokuk
Mwcuk
Mqckuk
Mqcokuk
cksyuk
cqykuk
cqyokuk
Hkhaxuk
fHkaxkuk
fHkaxokuk
ysVuk
fyVkuk
fyVokuk
1 ^Mwcuk* dk :i ^Mqcksuk* vkSj ^Hkhaxuk* dk :i ^fHkxksuk* Hkh gksrk gSA
2 izsj.kkFkZd :iksa esa cksyuk dk vFkZ cny tkrk gSA
v rhu v{kj ds kkrq esa igys izsj.kkFkZd ds nwljs v{kj dk ^v* vuqPpkfjr
jgrk gS( tSls
ew- kki- izsnw- izspeduk
pedkuk
pedokuk
fi?kyuk
fi?kykuk
fi?kyokuk
cnyuk
cnykuk
cnyokuk
le>uk
le>kuk
le>okuk
2- ,dk{kjh kkrq ds var esa ^yk* vkSj ^yok* yxkrs gSa vkSj nh?kZ Loj Lo
dj nsrs gS(a tSls
[kkuk
f[kykuk
f[kyokuk
Nwuk
Nqykuk
Nqyokuk
nsuk
fnykuk
fnyokuk
kksuk
kqykuk
kqyokuk
ihuk
fiykuk
fiyokuk
lhuk
flykuk
flyokuk
lksuk
lqykuk
lqyokuk
thuk
ftykuk
ftyokuk
v ^[kkuk* esa vk| Loj ^b* gks tkrk gSA bldk ,d izjs .kkFkZd ^[kokuk* Hkh gSA
^f[kykuk* vius vFkZ ds vuqlkj ^f[kyuk* Qwyuk dk Hkh ldeZd :i gks ldrk gSA
vk dqN ldeZd kkrqvksa ls dsoy nwljs izjs .kkFkZd :i 1v fu;e ds
vuqlkj curs gS(a tSlxkukxokuk]
s
[ksukf[kokuk] [kksuk[kksokuk] cksukcksvkuk]
ysukfyokuk bR;kfnA
fganh O;kdj.k / 117
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3- dqN kkrqvksa ds izsj.kkFkZd :i ^yk* vFkok ^vk* yxkus ls curs gSa ijarq
nwljs izjs .kkFkZd esa ^ok* yxk;k tkrk gS( tSls
dguk
dgkuk ok dgykuk
dgokuk
fn[kuk
fn[kkuk ok fn[kykuk
fn[kokuk
lh[kuk
fl[kkuk ok fl[kykuk
fl[kokuk
lw[kuk
lq[kkuk ok lq[kykuk
lq[kokuk
cSBuk
fcBkuk ok fcBykuk
fcBokuk
v ^dguk* ds igys izjs .kkFkZd :i viw.kZ vdeZd Hkh gksrs gS(a tSl^,s
s ls
gh lTtu xazFkdkj dgykrs gSaA* ^foHkfDr* lfgr 'kCn in dgkrk gSA*
vk ^dgykuk* ds vuqdj.k ij fn[kkuk ;k fn[kykuk dks dqN ys[kd vdeZd
f;k ds leku mi;ksx esa ykrs gS(a tSl^fcuk
s
rqEgkjs ;gk u dksbZ j{kd viuk
fn[kykrk* d- d-A ;g iz;ksx v'kq) gSA
b ^dgokuk* dk :i dgyokuk Hkh gksrk gSA
bZ ^cSBuk* ds dbZ izjs .kkFkZd :i gksrs gStSa lcSs Bkuk] cSBkyuk] fcBkyuk]
cSBokukA
205- dqN kkrqvksa ls cus gq, nksuksa izjs .kkFkZd :i ,dkFkhZ gksrs gS(a tSls
dVukdVkuk ok dVokuk
[kqyuk[kqykuk ok [kqyokuk
xM+ukxM+kuk ok xM+okuk
nsukfnykuk o fnyokuk
ckukckkuk ok ckokuk
j[kukj[kkuk ok j[kokuk
flyukflykuk ok flyokuk
206- dksbZ dksbZ kkrq Lo:i esa izsj.kkFkZd gSa] ij ;FkkFkZ esa os ewy vdeZd
ok ldeZd gS(a tSldq
s Egykuk] ?kcjkuk] epykuk] bBykuk bR;kfnA
d dqN izjs .kkFkZd kkrqvksa ds ewy :i izpkj esa ugha gS(a tSl^trkuk
s
ok
trykuk Qqlykuk] xokuk bR;kfnA
207- vdeZd kkrqvksa ls uhps fy[ks fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ldeZd kkrq curs gSa
1- kkrq esa vk| Loj dks nh?kZ djus ls( tSls
dVukdkVuk
filukihluk
ncuknkcuk
yqVukywVuk
ckukckkuk
ejukekjuk
fiVukihVuk
iVukikVuk
v ^flyuk* dk ldeZd :i ^lhuk* gksrk gSA
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2- rhu v{kjksa esa kkrq esa nwljs v{kj dk Loj nh?kZ gksrk gS( tSls
fudyukfudkyuk
m[kM+ukm[kkM+uk
lEgyuklEgkyuk
fcxM+ukfcxkM+uk
3- fdlh fdlh kkrq ds vk| b ok m dks xq.k djus ls( tSls
fQjukQsjuk
[kqyuk[kksyuk
fn[kukns[kuk
?kqyuk?kksyuk
fNnukNsnuk
eqMu+ keksMu+ k
4- dbZ kkrqvksa ds vaR; V ds LFkku esa M+ gks tkrk gS( tSls
tqVuktksMu+ k
VwVukrksMu+ k
NwVukNksMu+ k
QVukQkM+uk
QwVukQksMu+ k
vk ^fcduk* dk ldeZd ^cspuk* vkSj ^jguk* dk ^j[kuk* gksrk gSA
208- dqN kkrqvksa dk ldeZd vkSj igyk izsj.kkFkZd :i vyx&vyx gksrk
gS] vkSj nksuksa esa vFkZ dk varj jgrk gS( tSl^xM+
s uk* dk ldeZd :i xkM+uk]
vkSj igyk izsj.kkFkZd ^xM+kuk* gSA xM+kuk dk vFkZ ^kjrh ds Hkhrj j[kuk* gSA ^xkM+uk*
dk vFkZ ^pqHkkuk* Hkh gSA ,sls gh ^nkcuk* vkSj ^nckuk* esa varj gSA
i.b
ukekkrq
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209- kkrq dks NksM+ nwljs 'kCnksa esa izR;; tksM+us ls tks kkrq cuk, tkrs gSa]
mUgsa ukekkrq dgrs gSaA ;s laKk o fo'ks"k.k ds var esa ^uk* tksM+us ls curs gSAa
v laLr 'kCnksa ls( tSls
m)kjm)kjuk] LohdkjLohdkjuk O;kikj esa ^ldkjuk*] fkDdkj&fkdkjuk]
vuqjkx&vuqjkxuk bR;kfnA bl izdkj ds 'kCn dHkh&dHkh dfork esa vkrs gSa vkSj
;s f'k"VlEefr ls gh cuk, tkrs gSaA
vk vjch] Qkjlh 'kCnksa ls( tSls
xqtjxqtjuk
[kjhn[kjhnuk
cnycnyuk
nkxnkxuk
[kpZ[kpZuk
vktekvktekuk
QekZQekZuk
bl izdkj ds 'kCn vuqdj.k ls u, ugha cuk, tk ldrsA
b fganh 'kCnksa ls 'kCn ds var esa ^vk* djds vkSj vk| ^vk* dks Lo
djds( tSls
fganh O;kdj.k / 119
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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nq[knq[kkuk
ckrcfr;kuk] crkuk
fpdukfpdukuk
gkFkgfFk;kuk
viukviukuk
ikuhifu;kuk
ykBhyfB;kuk
fjlfjlkuk
fcyxfcyxkuk
bl izdkj ds 'kCnksa dk izpkj vfkd ugha gSA blds cnys cgqkk la;qDr
f;kvksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gS( tSlnqs [kkuknq[k nsuk] cfr;kukckr djuk]
vyxkukvyx djuk bR;kfnA
210- fdlh inkFkZ dh ofu ds vuqdj.k ij tks kkrq cuk, tkrs gSa] mUgsa
vuqdj.kkkrq dgrs gSaA ;s kkrq ofulwpd 'kCn ds var esa ^vk* djds ^uk* tksM+us
ls curs gS(a tSls
cM+cM+cM+cM+kuk
[kV[kV&[kV[kVkuk
FkjFkjFkjFkjkuk
VjZVjkZuk
epepepepkuk
HkuHkuHkuHkukuk
v ukekkrq vkSj vuqdj.k kkrq vdeZd vkSj ldeZd nksuksa gksrs gSaA ;s
kkrq f'k"VlEefr ds fcuk ugha cuk, tkrsA
la;q kkrq
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lw-la;Dq r kkrq dqN narksa kkrq ls cus gq, 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls cuk,
tkrs gSa] blfy, bldk foospu f;k ds :ikarj izdj.k esa fd;k tk;xkA
Vh-fganh O;kdj.kksa esa izjs .kkFkZd kkrqvksa ds laca k esa xM+cM+h gSA ^fganh
O;kdj.k* esa Lojkar kkrqvksa ls ldeZd cukus dk tks loZO;kih fu;e fn;k gS]
muesa dbZ viokn gSa( ^cksvkuk*] ^[kksvkuk*] ^xokuk*] ^fy[kokuk* bR;kfnA ys[kd
us budk fopkj gh ugha fd;kA fQj mlesa dsoy ^kqyuk*] ^pyuk* vkSj ^nckuk*
ls nks nks ldeZd :i ekus x, gS(a ij fganh esa bl izdkj ds kkrq vusd gS(a tSldVuk]
s
[kqyuk] xM+uk] yqVuk] filuk bR;kfnA ;|fi bu kkrqvksa ds nks nks ldeZd :i
dgs tkrs gS]a ij ;FkkFkZ esa ,d :i ldeZd vkSj nwljk izjs .kkFkZd gS( tSl?kqs yuk?kksyuk]
?kqykuk] dVukdkVuk( dVkuk( filukfiluk bR;kfnA ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* esa bu nqgjs
:iksa dk uke rd ugha gSA ^ckycks/k O;kdj.k* esa dbZ ,d izsj.kkFkZd f;kvksa
ds tks :i fn, x, gS]a os fganh esa izpfyr ugha gS(a tSl^lks
s ykuk* lqykuk]
^cksyokuk* cqyokuk] ^cSBykuk* fcBokuk bR;kfnA ^Hkk"kk panzksn;* esa izsj.kkFkZd
kkrqvksa dks f=kdeZd fy[kk gS( ij mudk tks ,d mnkgj.k fn;k x;k gS] mlesa
ys[kd us ;g ckr ugha le>kbZ vkSj u mlesa ,d ls vfkd deZ gh ik, tkrs
gS]a tSl^ns
s onk ;Knk ls iksFkh fy[kokrk gSA*
120 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
nwljk [kaM
vO;;
igyk v/;k;
lo
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f;k fo'ks"k.k
t.c
om
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211- ftl vO;; ls f;k dh dksbZ fo'ks"krk tkuh tkrh gS] mls f;kfo'ks"k.k
dgrs gS]a tSl;gk
s ] tYnh] khjs] vHkh] cgqr] de bR;kfnA
lw-^fo'ks"krk* 'kCn ls LFkku] dky] jhfr vkSj ifjek.k dk vfHkizk; gS
1 f;kfo'ks"k.k dks vO;; vfodkjh dgus esa nks 'kadk, gks ldrh gSa
d dqN foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS]
tSl^va
s r es*a ] ^brus ij*] ^;ku ls*] ^jkr dks* bR;kfnA [k dbZ ,d f;kfo'ks"k.kksa
esa foHkfDr;ksa ds }kjk :ikarj gksrk gS] tSl^;gk
s
dk*] ^dc ls*] ^vkxs dk*] ^fdkj
ls* bR;kfnA
buesa ls igyh 'kadk dk mkj ;g gS fd ;fn dqN foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx
f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS] rks blls ;g ckr fl) ugha gksrh fd f;kfo'ks"k.k
vO;; ugha gksrsA fQj foHkDR;ar 'kCnksa ds vkxs dksbZ nwljk fodkj Hkh ugha gksrk
blls budks Hkh vO;; ekuus esa dksbZ ckkk ugha gSA laLr esa Hkh dqN foHkDR;ar
'kCn tSllR;e~
s
] lq[ksu] cykr~ f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrs gSa vkSj
vO;; ekus tkrs gSAa fganh esa Hkh dksbZ ,d 'kCn tSlvkxs
s ] ihNs] lkeus] lcsjs
bR;kfn ftUgsa f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj vO;; ekuus esa fdlh dks 'kadk ugha gksrhA ;FkkFkZ
esa foHkDR;ar laKk, gSa] ijarq muds izR;;ksa dk yksi gks x;k gSA nwljh 'kadk dk
lekkku ;g gS fd ftu f;kfo'ks"k.kksa esa foHkfDr dk ;ksx gksrk gS] mudh la[;k
cgqr FkksM+h gSA muesa dqN rks loZukeksa ls cus gSa vkSj dqN laKk, gSa] tks vfkdj.k
dh foHkfDr dk yksi gks tkus ls f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrh gSaA fQj
muesa Hkh dsoy laiznku] viknku] lacak vkSj vfkdj.k dh ,dopu foHkfDr;ksa
dk gh ;ksx gksrk gS] tSlbkj
s
ls mkj dks] bkj dk ;gk ij bR;kfnA blfy,
bu mnkgj.kksa dks viokn ekudj f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dks vO;; ekuus esa dksbZ nks"k
ugha gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 121
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2 ftl izdkj f;k dh fo'ks"krk crkus okys 'kCnksa dks f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs
gSa] mlh izdkj fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;kfo'ks"k.k dh fo'ks"krk crkusokys 'kCnksa dks Hkh
f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA ;s 'kCn cgqkk ifjek.kokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k gSa vkSj dHkh
dHkh f;k dh Hkh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSaA f;kfo'ks"k.k ds y{k.k esa fo'ks"k.k vkSj
nwljs f;kfo'ks"k.k dh fo'ks"krk crkus dk mYys[k blfy, ugha fd;k x;k fd ;g
ckr lc f;kfo'ks"k.kksa esa ugha ikbZ tkrh vkSj ifjek.kokpd f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh
la[;k nwljs f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh vis{kk cgqr de gSA dgha&dgha jhfrokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k
Hkh fo'ks"k.k vkSj nwljs f;kfo'ks"k.k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa] ijarq os ijks{k :i ls
ifjek.kokpd gh gS]a tSls ^,slk lqanj ckyd* ^bruk lqanj ckydA* ^xkM+h ,sls
khjs pyrh gS* xkM+h brus khjs pyrh gSA*
212- f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk oxhZdj.k rhu vkkkjksa ij gks ldrk gS1 iz;ksx]
2 :i vkSj 3 vFkZA
Vh-f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk Bhd&Bhd foospu djus ds fy, mudk oxhZdj.k
,d ls vfkd vkkkjksa ij djuk vko';d gS] D;ksafd fganh esa cgqr ls f;kfo'ks"k.k
;kSfxd gSa vkSj dsoy :i ls mudh igpku ugha gks ldrh] tSlvPNk]
s
eu ls]
bruk] dsoy khjs bR;kfnA fQj dbZ ,d 'kCn dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj dHkh nwljs
izdkj ds gksrs gS]a tSl^vkxs
s
geus tku fy;k*A 'kad-q A ^ekfu;ksa ds vkxs izk.k
vkSj ku rks dksbZ oLrq gh ugha gaSA* lR;-A ^jktk us czk.k dks vkxs ls fy;kA*
bu mnkgj.kksa] esa ^vkxs* 'kCn f;kfo'ks"k.k] lacaklwpd vkSj laKk gSA
213- iz;ksx ds vuqlkj f;kfo'ks"k.k rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSa 1 lkkkj.k]
2 la;kstu vkSj 3 vuqc)A
1 ftu f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx fdlh okD; esa Lora=k gksrk gS] mUgsa lkkkj.k
f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gS]a tSl^gk;\
s
vc eSa D;k d:A* ^csVk] tYnh vkvksA ^vjs!
og lki dgk x;k\* lR;-A
2 ftudk lacak fdlh miokD; ds lkFk jgrk gS] mUgsa la;kstd f;k&
fo'ks"k.k dgrs gS]a tSl^tc
s jksfgrk'o gh ugha rks eSa th ds D;k d:xhA* lR;-A
^tgk vHkh leqnz gS] ogk ij fdlh le; taxy FkkA* lj-
lw-la;kstd f;kfo'ks"k.ktc] tgk] tSlT;ks
s ]a ftruk laca kokpd
loZuke ^tks* ls curs gSa vkSj mlh ds vuqlkj nks miokD;ksa dks feykrs gSaA nsvad&134
3 vuqc) f;kfo'ks"k.k os gSa] ftudk iz;ksx vokkj.k ds fy, fdlh Hkh
'kCnHksn ds lkFk gks ldrk gS] tSl^;g
s rks fdlh us kks[kk gh fn;k gSA* eqnkz -A
^eSaus mls ns[kk rd ughaaA* ^vkids vkus Hkj dh nsjh gSA* vc eSa Hkh rqEgkjh l[kh
dk o`kkar iwNrk gwA* 'kdq-A
122 / fganh O;kdj.k
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218- nwljs 'kCnHksn tks fcuk fdlh :ikarj ds f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx
esa vkrs gSa] mUgsa LFkkuh; f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA ;s 'kCn fdlh fo'ks"k LFkku gh
esa f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrs gS(a tSls
v laKk^rqe esjh enn iRFkj djksxs!* ^og viuk flj i<+sxk!*
vk loZuke^yhft, egkjkt] eSa ;g pykA* eqnkz -A ^dksroky th rks
os vkrs gSaA* 'kdq-A ^fgald tho eq>s D;k ekjsaxs!* j?kq-A ^rqEgsa ;g ckr dkSu
dfBu gSA* bR;kfnA
b fo'ks"k.k^L=kh lqanj lhrk gSA* ^euq"; mnkl cSBk gSA* ^yM+dk dSlk
dwnk!* ^lc yksx lks, iM+s FksA* ^pksj idM+k gqvk vk;kA* ^geus bruk iqdkjkA*
lR;-A bR;kfnA
bZ iwod
Z kfyd nar^rqe nkSM+dj pyrs gks!* ^yM+dk mBdj HkkxkA*
bR;kfnA
219- fganh esa dbZ ,d laLr vkSj dqN mnwZ f;kfo'ks"k.k Hkh vkrs gSaA
;s 'kCn rRle vkSj rn~Hko nksuksa izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
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1 laLr f;kfo'ks"k.k
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iwod
Z ;kuiwod
Z ] izes iwod
Z bR;kfnA
o'k fofko'k] Hk;o'kA
buvklq[ksu] ;sudsu] izdkjs.k] eulkokpkdeZ.kkA
;ki;k] fo'ks"kr;kA
vuqlkjjhR;uqlkj] 'kDR;uqlkjA
r%LoHkkor%] oLrqr%] Lor%A
nkloZnk] lnk] ;nk] dnkA
kkcgqkk] 'krkk] uokkA
'k%e'k%] v{kj'k%A
=k,d=k] loZ=k] vU;=kA
FkkloZFkk] vU;FkkA
or~iwooZ r~] r}r~A
fpr~dnkfpr~] fdafpr~] Dofpr~A
ek=kiyek=k] ukeek=k] ys'kek=kA
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2 fganh f;kfo'ks"k.k
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;ks;ks
a ]a R;ks]a T;ksa D;ksAa
fy,blfy,] ftlfy,] fdlfy,A
cvc] rc dc] tcA
3 mnZw f;kfo'ks"k.k
t.c
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vuvutkus] vuiwNAs
fufukM+d] fuMjA
Bo
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tkrs gSa
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vc] vHkh;|fi budk vFkZ orZeku dky dk gS] rks Hkh ;s ^rc* vkSj
^rHkh* ds leku cgqkk Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";r~dkyksa esa Hkh vkrs gS(a tSl^vc
s
,d
ubZ ?kVuk gqbZA* ^os vc ogk tk;xsA* ^vHkh ikS Hkh ugha QVh Fkh fd lsuk us uxj
?ksj fy;kA* ^ge vHkh tk;xsA*
ijlksa] dybudk iz;ksx Hkwr vkSj Hkfo"; nksuksa eas gksrk gSA bldh igpku
f;k ds :i ls gksrh gS( tSl^yM+
s dk dy vk;k vkSj ijlksa tk;xkA*
vkxs] ihNs] ikl] nwj;s vkSj buds lekukFkhZ LFkkuokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k
dkyokpd Hkh gS(a tSls ^vkxs jke vuqt iqfu ikNsA* jke-A ^xko ikl gS ;k
nwj\* LFkku-A ^fnokyh ikl vk xbZA* ^fookg dk le; vHkh nwj gS* LFkku-A
^vkxs* dkyokpd vFkZ dHkh ^ihNs* ds lkFk cny tkrk gS( tSl^;s
s lc ckrsa
tku iM+saxh vkxsA* lj-A ihNsA
rc] fQj budk iz;ksx cgqkk Hkwr vkSj Hkfo";r~ dkyksa esa gksrk gSA Hkk"kk&jpuk
esa ^rc* dh f}#fDr feVkus ds fy, mlds cnys cgqkk ^fQj* dh ;kstuk djrs
gS(a tSl^rc
s eSua s le>k fd buds Hkhrj dksbZ vHkkxk can gSA* ^fQj tks dqN
gqvk] lks vki tkurs gh gSa* fofp=k-A dHkh&dHkh ^rc* vkSj ^fQj* ,d gh vFkZ
esa lkFk vkrs gS(a tSl^s rc fQj vki D;k djsaxs\* dgha&dgha ^rc* dk iz;ksx
iwod
Z kfyd nar ns- vad 380 ds i'pkr~ ;ksa gh dj fn;k tkrk gS tSl^lcs
s js
Luku vkSj iwtu djds rc Hkkstu djuk pkfg,A*
dHkh blls vfuf'pr dky dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl^gels
s
dHkh feyukA*
^dHkh* vkSj ^dnkfi* dk iz;ksx cgqkk fu"kskokpd 'kCnksa ds lkFk gksrk gS( tSls
^,slk dke dHkh er djukA* eSa ogk dnkfi u tkxkA* nks ;k vfkd okD;ksa
esa ^dHkh* ls ekxr dky dk cksk gksrk gS( tSls ^dHkh uko xkM+h ij] dHkh
xkM+h uko ijA* ^dHkh eqV~Bh Hkj puk] dHkh ;g Hkh eukA* ^dHkh*] dk iz;ksx
vk'p;Z ;k frjLdkj esa Hkh gksrk gS( tSls ^rqeus dHkh dydkk ns[kk Fkk!*
dgknks vyx&vyx okD;ksa esa ^dgk* ls cM+k varj lwfpr gksrk gS( tSls
^dg dqHa kt dg flakq vikjkA* jke-A ^dgk jktk Hkkst dgk xaxk rsyhA*
dgha vfuf'pr LFkku ds vFkZ ds flok ;g ^vR;ar* vkSj ^dnkfpr~* ds vFkZ
esa Hkh ikrk gS( tSl^ij
s eq>ls og dgha lq[kh gSA* fganh xzFa k-A ^l[kh us C;kg
dh ckr dgha glh ls u dgh gksA* 'kdq-A vyx&vyx okD;ksa esa ^dgha* ls ^fojksk*
lwfpr gksrk gS( tSls dgha kwi dgha Nk;kA* ^dgha 'kjhj vkkk ty gS] dgha fcydqy
dPpk gS!* lR;-A vk'p;Z esa ^dgha* dk iz;ksx ^dHkh* ds leku gksrk gS( ^dgha
Mwcs frjs gSa!* iRFkj Hkh dgha ilhtrk gS!*
ijsbldk iz;ksx cgqkk frjLdkj esa gksrk gS( tSls
^ijs gks!* ^ijs gVA*
bkj mkj] ;gk ogkbu nqgjs f;kfo'ks"k.kksa ls fofp=krk dk cksk gksrk
128 / fganh O;kdj.k
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gS( tSls bkj rks rifLo;ksa dk dke] mkj cM+ksa dh vkKkA* 'kdq-A ^lqr lusg
br opu mr ladV ijsm ujs'kA* jke-A ^rqe ;gk ;g Hkh dgrs gks] ogk] og
Hkh dgrs gksA*
;ksa gh] ,sls gh] oSls gh budk vFkZ ^vdkj.k* vFkok ^lsra esra gS( tSl^;g
s
iqLrd eq>s oSls gh feyh*A ^yM+dk ;ksa gh fQjk djrk gSA* ^og ,sls gh jksrk gSA
tc rd;g cgqkk fu"kskokpd okD; esa vkrk gS( tSltc
s rd eSa u
vk] rqe ;gha jgukA*
rc rdbldk vFkZ Hkh dHkh&dHkh ^brus es*a gksrk gS( tSl^;s
s nq[k rks
Fks gh rc rd ,d u;k ?kko vkSj gqvkA* 'kdq-A
tgkbldk vFkZ dHkh&dHkh ^tc gksrk gS( tSl^tg
s vl n'kk tM+u dh
cjuhA dks dfg ldS lpsru djuh* jke-A
tgk rdbldk vFkZ cgqkk ifj.kkeokpd gksrk gS( tSl^tgk
s
rd gks lds
Vs<+h xfy;k lhkh dj nh tkosaA*
^tgk rd* vkSj ^dgk rd* Hkh ifj.kkeokpd gksrk gS( tSld:
s dgk rd
o.kZu mldh vrqy n;k dk HkkoA* ,dkar- ^,d lky O;kikj esa VksVk iM+k] ;gk
rd fd mudk ?kj&}kj lc tkrk jgkA ^;gk rd* cgqkk ^fd* ds lkFk gh vkrk
gSA
^dc dkbldk vFkZ ^cgqr le; ls* gSA bldk fyax vkSj opu drkZ ds
vuqlkj cnyrk gS( tSls ^ek dc dh iqdkj jgh gSA* lR;-A ^dc dks Vsjr
nhu jfV* lr-A
D;ksadjbldk vFkZ ^dSl*s gksrk gS( tSl^;g
s dke
D;ksadj gksxk\* ;s x<+s
D;ksadj iM+ x,!* xqVdk-A
blfy,;g dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj dHkh leqPp;ckskd gksrk gS( tSls
^og blfy, ugkrk gS fd xzg.k yxk gSA* - fo-* rw nqnZ'kk esa gS( blfy, eSa
rq>s nku fn;k pkgrk gwA* l- cks-A
u] ugha] er^u* Lora=k 'kCn gS] blfy, ;g 'kCn vkSj izR;; ds chp
esa ugha vk ldrkA ^ns'kksikyaHk* uked dfork esa dfo ds lkekU; Hkfo";r~ ds
izR;; ds igys ^u* yxk fn;k gS( tSl^ykoks
s
u ;s opu tks eu esa gekjkA* ;g
iz;ksx nwf"kr gSA ftu f;kvksa ds lkFk ^u* vkSj ^ugha* nksuksa vk ldrs gSa] ogk
^u* ls dsoy fu"ksk vkSj ^ugha ls fu"ksk dk fu'p; lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^og
s
u vk;kA* ^og ugha vk;kA* ^eSa u tkxkA* ^eSa ugha tkxkA* ^u* iz'uokpd
vO;; Hkh gS( tSls ^lc djsxk u\* lR;-A ^u* dHkh&dHkh fu'p; ds vFkZ esa
vkrk gS( tSl^eS
s a rq>s vHkh ns[krk gw uA* lR;-A u&u leqPp; ckskd gksrs
gS(a tSl^u
s mUgsa uhan vkrh Fkh u Hkw[k&I;kl yxrh FkhA* izes -A iz'u ds mkj
fganh O;kdj.k / 129
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esa ^ugha* vkrk gS( tSl^s rqeus mls #i;k fn;k Fkk\* ughaA* dfork esa cgqkk ^ugha*
ds cnys ^u* dk iz;ksx dj nsrs gS(a ij ;g Hkwy gS( tSl^fy[kk
s
eq>s u vkrk
gSA* lj-A ^er dk mi;ksx fu"kskkRed vkKk esa gksrk gS( tSl^vc
s
er* cdksA*
ns- vad599A iqjkuh dfork esa cgqkk ^er* ds cnys ^u* vkrk gS( tSlnhj?k
s
lkl u ysfg nq[k] lq[k lkbfg u HkwyA* lr-A
dsoy;g vFkZ ds vqulkj dHkh fo'ks"k.k] dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k vkSj dHkh
leqPp;ckskd gksrk gS( tSl^jkefg
s
izes fi;kjk*A jke-A ^yM+dk dsoy fpYykrk
gS*A ^dsoy ,d rqEgkjh vk'kk izk.kksa dks vVdkrh gS* d-d-A
cgqkk] izk;%;s 'kCn loZO;kid fokkuksa dks ifjfer djus ds fy, vkrs
gSaA* ^cgqkk* ls ftruh ifjfer gksrh gS] mldh vis{kk ^izk;%* ls de gksrh gS(
tSloss lc cgqkk cyoku 'k=kqvksa ls lc rjQ f?kjs jgrs FksA* Lok- ^buesa izk;%
lc 'yksd paMdkSf'kd ls mn~k`r fd, x, gSa* lR;-A
rks blls fu'p; vkSj vkxzg lwfpr gksrk gSA ;g fdlh Hkh 'kCnHksn ds
lkFk vk ldrk gS( tSls ^rqe ogk x, rks FksA* ^fdrkc rqEgkjs ikl rks FkhA* blds
lkFk ^ugha* vkSj ^Hkh* vkrs gSa( vkSj ;s la;qDr 'kCn ^ugha*] rks Hkh* leqPp;ckskd
gksrs gSAa ns- vad243&244A ^;fn* ds lkFk nwljs okD; esa vkdj ^rks* leqPp;ckskd
gksrk gS( tSls ^;fn BaM u yxs rks ;g gok cgqr nwj pyh tkrh gSA*
gh;g Hkh ^rks* ds leku fdlh Hkh 'kCnHksn ds lkFk vkdj fu'p; lwfpr
djrk gSA dgha&dgha ;g igys 'kCn ds lkFk la;ksx ds }kjk fey tkrk gS( tSls
vc+gh=vHkh] dc+gh=dHkh] rqe+gh=rqEgha] lc+gh=lHkh] fdl+gh=fdlh]
mnk-^,d gh fnu*] ^fnu gh es]a ^fnu esa gh*] ^ikl gh*] ^vk gh x;k*] ^tkrk
gh FkkA* u] rks vkSj gh leku 'kCnksa ds chp Hkh vkrs gS(a tSl,d
s u ,d*] dksbZ
u dksbZ*] ^dHkh u dHkh* ^ckr gh ckr esa*] ^ikl&gh&ikl*] ^vkrs gh vkrs*] ^yM+dk
x;k rks x;k gh x;k*] ^nkx rks nkx ij ;s x<+s D;ksadj iM+ x,\* xqVdk- ^gh*
lkekU; Hkfo";r~ dky ds izR;; ds igys Hkh yxk fn;k tkrk gS( tSlge
s viuk
keZ rks izk.k jgs rd fuckgSa&gh&xs* uhy-A
ek=k] Hkj] rd;s 'kCn dHkh&dHkh laKkvksa ds lkFk izR;;ksa ds :i esa vkdj
mUgsa f;kfo'ks"k.k okD;ka'k cuk nsrs gSAa ns- vad224A bl iz;ksx ds dkj.k dksbZ
budh fxurh lacaklwpdksa esa djrk gSA dHkh&dHkh budk iz;ksx nwljs gh vFkks esa
gksrk gS
v ^ek=k* laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk ^gh* dsoy ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS(
tSl^,d
s yTtk ek=k cph gSA* lR;-A ^jke ek=k y?kq uke gekjkA* jke-A
^,d lkku ek=k vkidk 'kjhj gh vc vof'k"V gSA* j?kq-A dHkh&dHkh ^ek=k*
dk vFkZ ^lc* gksrk gS] tSl^f'ko
s
th us lkku ek=k dks dhy fn;k gSA* lR;-A
^fganh Hkk"kkHkk"kh ek=k muds fpj rK Hkh jgsaxs* foHkfDrA
130 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dk la;ksx gSA ^bfr* dHkh laKk ds leku vkrk gS vkSj mlds lkFk cgqkk ^Jh*
tksM+ nsrs gS(a tSl^bl
s dke dh bfrJh gks xbZA* jkepfjrekul esa ,d txg
^bfr* dk iz;ksx laLr dh pky ij Lo:iokpd leqPp;ckskd ds leku gqvk
gS( tSl^lks
s gefLe bfr o`k v[kaMkA*
228- vc dqN la;qDr vkSj f}#Dr f;kfo'ks"k.kksa ds vFkks vkSj iz;ksxksa ds
fo"k; esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
dHkh&dHkhvFkkZr~ chp&chp esa dqN&dqN fnuksa es(a tSl^dHkh&dHkh
s
bl
nqf[k;k dh Hkh lqk fut eu esa ykukA* lj-A
dc&dcbuds iz;ksx ls ^cgqr de* dh ofu ikbZ tkrh gS( tSl^vki
s
;gk dc&dc vkrs gSa\*
tc&tcrc&rc] ftl&ftl le;] ml&ml le;A
tc&rc,d u ,d fnu( tSls
tc&rc ohj fouklkA* lr-A
vc&rcbudk iz;ksx cgqkk laKk ok fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS( tSls
vc&rc djuk=VkyukA vc&rc gksuk=ejugkj gksukA
dHkh Hkhbuls ^dHkh* dh vis{kk vfkd fu'p; ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^;g
s
dke vki dHkh Hkh dj ldrs gSaA*
dHkh u dHkhdHkh rks] dHkh Hkh] izk;% i;kZ;okpd gSAa
tSls tSls rSls rSl]s R;ksa R;ksa R;ksa R;ksa] ;s mkjkskj c<+rh&?kVrh lwfpr djrs
gS( tSlT;ks
s &a T;ksa HkhtS dkejh R;ks&a R;ksa Hkkjh gks;A*
T;ksa dk R;ksiwa oZ n'kk es(a bl okD;ka'k dk iz;ksx cgqkk fo'ks"k.k ds leku
gksrk gS vkSj ^dk* izR;; fyax opukuqlkj cnyrk gS( tSl^fdyk
s
vHkh rd T;ksa
dk R;ksa [kM+k gSA*
tgk dk rgkiwoZ LFkku es(a tSl^iq
s Lrd
tgk dh rgk j[kh gSA* blesa fo'ks";
ds vuqlkj fodkl gksrk gSA
tgk rgkloZ=k] tg rg eSa ns[kkSa nksm HkkbZA* jke-A
tSls rSl]s T;kas R;ksa djds fdlh u fdlh izdkj lsA mnkgj.ktSl&s rSls ;g
dke iwjk gqvkA T;ksa R;ksa djds jkr dkVks!* blh vFkZ esa ^dSlk Hkh djds* vkSj
laLr ^;su dsu izdkjs.k* vkrs gSaA
oSls rksnwljs ^fopkj ls* vFkok ^LoHkko ls*A mnkgj.koSls rks lHkh euq";
HkkbZ&HkkbZ gSaA* ^oSls rks jktk Hkh iztklsod gSA* ^lw;Zdkar ef.k dk LoHkko gS fd
oSls rks Nwus esa BaMh yxrh gSA* 'kdq-A
vki gh] vki gh vki] vius vki] vkils vki budk vFkZ ^eu ls* ok
^vius gh cy ls* gksrk gSA ns- vad 125 vksA
gksrs&gksre
s e ls( tSl^dke
s
gksrs gksrs gksxkA*
132 / fganh O;kdj.k
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cSBs&cSBfcuk
s
ifjJe ds( tSl^yM+
s dk
cSBs cSBs [kkrk gSA*
[kM+s&[kM+rqs jUr( tSl^;g
s #i;k
[kM+s&[kM+s olwy gks ldrk gSA*
dky ikdjdqN le; es(a tSl^og
s
dkdfc
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dk o.kZu dky vkSj LFkku ds Kku ds fcuk vkwjk gh jgrk gSA fQj ftl izdkj
fo'ks"k.kksa ds nks Hksnxq.kokpd vkSj la[;kokpdekuus dh vko';drk iM+rh
gS] mlh izdkj f;k ds fo'ks"k.kksa ds Hkh ;s nks Hksn ekuuk vko';d gS( D;ksafd
O;ogkj esa xq.k vkSj la[;k dk varj lnSo ekuk tkrk gSA bl rjg vFkZ ds vuqlkj
f;kfo'ks"k.kksa ds pkj Hksndkyokpd] LFkkuokpd] ifjek.kokpd vkSj jhfrokpd
ekus x, gSaA ifjek.kokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k cgq/kk fo'ks"k.k vkSj nwljs f;kfo'ks"k.kksa
dh fo'ks"krk crykrs gSa] ftlls f;kfo'ks"k.kksa ds y{k.k esa fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;kfo'ks"k.k
dh fo'ks"krk dk mYys[k djuk vko';d le>k tkrk gSA dkyokpd] LFkkuokpd
vkSj ifjek.kokpd 'kCnksa dh la[;k jhfrokpd f;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh vis{kk cgqr FkksM+h
gS] blfy, mudks NksM+dj 'ks"k 'kCn ds fcuk vf/kd lksp&fopkj ds igys oxZ
esa j[k fn, tk ldrs gSaA bu pkjksa ds miHksn Hkh vFkZ dh lw{erk crkus ds fy,
;FkkLFkku crk, x, gSaA
var esa ^gk*] ^ugha* vkSj ^D;k* ds lacak esa dqN fy[kuk vko';d tku
iM+rk gSA budk iz;ksx iz'u djus ds lacak eas fd;k tkrk gSA iz'u djus ds fy,
^D;k*] Lohdkj ds fy, ^gk* vkSj fu"ksk ds fy, ugha* vkrk gS] tSl^D;k
s
rqe
ckgj pyksxs\* ^gk* ;k ^ugha*A bu 'kCnksa dks dksbZ foLe;kfnckskd vO;; ekurs
gSa ijarq buesa nksuksa 'kCnkHksnksa ds y{k.k iwjs&iwjs ?kfVr ugha gksrsA ^ugha* dk iz;ksx
fo/ks; ds lkFk f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS] vkSj ^gk* 'kCn ^lp*] ^Bhd* vkSj
^vo';* ds i;kZ; esa vkrk gS] blfy, bu nksuksa gk vkSj ugha dks geus f;kfo'ks"k.k
ds oxZ esa j[kk gSA ^D;k* lEcksku ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS] blfy, bldh x.kuk
foLe;kfnckskdksa esa dh xbZ gSA
nwljk v/;k;
hi
lacaklwpd
Bo
ok
229- tks vO;; laKk vFkok laKk ds leku mi;ksx esa vkusokys 'kCn
ds cgqkk ihNs vkdj mldk lacak okD; ds fdlh nwljs 'kCn ds lkFk feykrk
gS mls laca klwpd dgrs gS(a tSl^ku
s ds fcuk fdlh dk dke ugha pyrk* ukSdj
xko rd x;k*] ^jkr Hkj tkxuk vPNk ugha gksrk*( bu okD;ksa esa ^fcuk*] ^rd*]
^Hkj* lacaklwpd gSaA ^fcuk* 'kCn ^ku* laKk dk lacak ^pyrk* f;k ls feykrk
gSA ^rd* ^xko* dk lacak ^x;k* ls feykrk gS( vkSj ^Hkj* jkr dk lacak ^tkxrk*
f;kFkZd laKk ds lkFk tksM+rk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 135
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lw-foHkfDr;ksa vkSj FkksMs+ ls vO;;ksa dks NksM+ fganh esa ewy laca klwpd dksbZ
ugha gS] ftlls dksb&Z dksbZ oS;kdj.k fganh esa og 'kCnHksn gh ugha ekursA ^laca klwpd*
'kCnHksn ds fo"k; esa bl v;k; ds var esa fopkj fd;k tk;xkA ;gk dsoy bruk
fy[kk tkrk gS fd ftu vO;;ksa dks lqHkhrs ds fy, lacaklwpd ekurs gSa] muesa
ls vfkdka'k laKk, gSa] tks viuh foHkfDr;ksa dk yksi gks tkus ls vO;; ds leku
iz;ksx esa vkrh gSaA
230- dksbZ&dksbZ dkyokpd vkSj LFkkuokpd vO;; f;kfo'ks"k.k Hkh gksrs
gSa vkSj lacaklwpd HkhA tc os Lora=k :i ls f;k dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa rc
mUgsa f;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa( ijarq tc mudk iz;ksx laKk ds lkFk gksrk gS] rc
lac/a klwpd dgykrs gS(a tSls
ukSdj ;gk jgrk gSA f;kfo'ks"k.kA
ukSdj ekfyd ds ;gk jgrk gSA lacaklwpdA
og dke igys djuk pkfg,A f-fo-A
;g dke tkus ls igys djuk pkfg,A la- lw-A
231- iz;ksx ds vuqlkj laca klwpd nks izdkj ds gksrs gS1
a lac)] 2
vuqc)A
232- d lEc) laca klwpd laKkvksa dh foHkfDr;ksa ds ihNs vkrs gS]a tSls
ku ds fcuk] uj dh ukb] iwtk ls igys bR;kfnA
lw-laca klwpd vO;;ksa ds iwoZ foHkfDr;ksa ds vkus ds dkj.k ;g tku
iM+rk gS fd laLr esa Hkh dqN vO;; laKkvksa dh vyx&vyx foHkfDr;ksa ds
ihNs vkrs gS]a tSlnhu
s izfr nhu ds izfr( ;Rua;Rusu&;Rukr~ fcuk ;Ru ds
fcuk jkes.k lg jke ds lkFk] o`{kL;ksifj o`{k ds ij bR;kfnA bu vyx&vyx
foHkfDr;ksa ds cnys fganh esa cgqkk lacakdkjd dh foHkfDr;k Hkh vkrh gSaA
[k vuqc) laca klwpd laKk ds for :i ns-308 ds lkFk vkrs gS(a
tSlfdukjs
s
rd] lf[k;ksa lfgr] dVksjs Hkj] iq=kksa lesr] yM+ds ljh[kk bR;kfnA
x us] dks] ls] dk] ds] dh] esa dkjd fp vuqc) lacaklwpd gSa ijarq
uhps fn, x, dkj.kksa ls bUgsa laca klwpdksa esa ugha ekurs
v buesa ls izk;% lHkh laLr ds foHkfDr izR;;ksa ds viHkza'k gSaA blfy,
fganh esa Hkh ;s izR;; ekus tkrs gSaA
vk ;s Lora=k 'kCn u gksus ds dkj.k vFkZghu gSa] ijarq nwljs lacaklwpd
cgqkk Lora=k 'kCn gksus ds dkj.k lkFkZd gSaA
b budks lacaklwpd ekuus ls laKkvksa dh izpfyr dkjdjpuk dh jhfr
esa gsjQsj djuk iM+sxk] ftlls foospu esa vO;oLFkk mRiUu gksxhA
233- lac) laca klwpdksa ds igys cgqkk ^ds* foHkfDr vkrh gS( tSlku
s
136 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dkyokpd
t.c
om
lo
gs
po
LFkkuokpd
vkxs] ihNs] ij] uhps] rys] lkeus] :c:] ikl] fudV] lehi] utnhd
uxhp] ;gk] chp] ckgj] ijs] nwj] HkhrjA
fn'kkokpd
lkkuokpd
i.b
gsrqokpd
fy,] fufek] okLrs] gsrq] dfork esa] [kkfrj] dkj.k] lcc] ekjsA
nd
fo"k;okpd
hi
O;frjsdokpd
ok
fofue;okpd
Bo
lkn`';okpd
leku] le dfork esa] rjg] Hkkfr] ukb] cjkcj] rqY;] ;ksX;] yk;d] ln`'k]
vuqlkj] vuq:i] vuqdwy] ns[kkns[kh] ljh[kk] lk] ,slk] tSlk] cewftc] eqrkfcdA
138 / fganh O;kdj.k
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lgpkjokpd
lax] lkFk] lesr] lfgr] iwoZd] vkhu] Lokkhu] o'kA
laxzgokpd
rd] ykSa] i;r] lq)k] Hkj] ek=kA
lo
gs
po
rqyukokpd
t.c
om
fojkskokpd
hi
nd
i.b
laLr
lkeus
ikl
ekjs
ihNs
rd
ls
:c:
utnhd
lcc] cnkSyr
ckn
rk Dofpr~
cfuLcr
le{k] lEeq[k
fudV] lehi
dkj.k
i'pkr~ vuarj] mijkar
i;r
vis{kk
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rjg
Hkkfr
f[kykQ
fo#)] foijhr
okLrs] [kkfrj
fufek] gsrq
tfj,
}kjk
ckcr] fuLcr
fo"k;
cxSj
fcuk
iyVs
cnys] ,ot
flok] vykok
vfrfjDr
241- uhps vkSj dqN laca klwpd vO;;ksa ds vFkZ vkSj iz;ksx fy[ks tkrs gSa
vkxs] ihNs] Hkhrj] Hkj] rd vkSj buds i;kZ;okph 'kCn vFkZ ds vuqlkj
dHkh dkyokpd vkSj dHkh LFkkuokpd gksrs gS(a tSl?kj
s ds vkxs] fookg ds vkxs]
fnu Hkj] xko Hkj] bR;kfnA ns- vad226A
vkxs] ihNs] igys] ijs] ij] uhps vkSj buesa ls fdlh&fdlh i;kZ;okph
'kCnksa ds iwoZ tc ^ls* foHkfDr vkrh gS] rc buls rqyuk dk cksk gksrk gS(
tSl^dNq
s vk [kjgs ls vkxs fudy x;kA* ^xkM+h le; ls igys vkbZA* ^og tkfr
esa eq> ls uhps gSA
vkxs;g laca klwpd uhps fy[ks vFkks esa Hkh vkrk gS
vkxs lc L=kh fujknj gSaA 'kdq-A
v rqyuk esmlds
a
vk fopkj esekfu;ks
a
a ds vkxs izk.k vkSj ku rks dksbZ oLrq gh ugha gSA
lR;-A
b fo|ekurk esdkys
a
ds vkxs fpjkx ugha tyrkA dgk-A
lw-izk;% bUgha vFkks esa ^lkeus* dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
ihNsblls izR;sdrk dk Hkh cksk gksrk gS( tSl^Fkku
s
ihNs ,d #i;k feykA*
ij] uhpsbuls in dh NqVkbZ&cM+kbZ Hkh lwfpr gksrh gS( tSl^lcls
s
ij
,d ljnkj jgrk gS vkSj muds uhps dbZ teknkj dke djrs gSaA*
fudVbldk iz;ksx fopkj ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS( tSl^muds
s
fudV Hkwr
vkSj Hkfo";r~ nksuksa orZeku ls gSaA* xqVdk-A
iklblls vfkdkj Hkh lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^es
s js ikl ,d ?kM+h gSA*
;gkfnYyh okys cgqkk bls gk fy[krs gS(a tSl^rq
s Egkjs gk dqN jde tek
dh xbZ gSA* ijh-A jktk f'koizln bls ;gk fy[krs gS(a tSl^vkS
s j Hkh fganv
q ksa
dks vius ;gk cqykrk gSA* bfr-A ^ijh{kkxq#* esa Hkh dbZ txg ^;gk* vk;k gSA
;g 'kCn ;FkkFkZ esa ^;gk* f;kfo'ks"k.k gS( ijarq cksyus esa dnkfpr~ dgha&dgha
^gk* gks tkrk gSA ^;gk* dk vFkZ ^ikl* ds leku vfkdkj dk Hkh gSA dHkh&dHkh
^ikl* vkSj ^;gk* dk vFkZ yksi gks tkrk gS vkSj dsoy ^ds* lacakdkjd ls budk
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e)s
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ljks-A ^fo'ks"k djds vki ,slsA* lR;-A ^d'ehj ,sls ,d vkn bykds dkA*
bfr-A dksb&Z dksbZ bldk ,d izkfa rd :i ^dSlk* fy[krs gS(a tSl^vfXu
s
dSlh
yky&yky thHk fudkyA* iz.kf;-A
tSlk bldk izpkj vktdy ds xzaFkksa esa vfkdrk ls gksrk gSA ;g foHkfDr
lfgr vkSj foHkfDr jfgr nksuksa iz;ksxksa esa vkrk gS( tSl^igys
s
'krd esa dkfynkl
ds xzaFkksa dh tSlh ifjekftZr laLr dk izpkj gh u FkkA* j?kq-A ^chtxf.kr tSls
fDy"V fo"k; dks le>kus dh ps"Vk dh xbZ gSA* lj- bu nksuksa iz;kskxsa esa ;g
varj gS fd igys okD; esa ^tSlh*] ^xzaFkksa* vkSj ^laLr* dk lacak lwfpr ugha djrk]
fdarq ^dh* ds i'pkr~ yqIr ^laLr* 'kCn dk lacak nwljs ^laLr* 'kCn ls lwfpr
djrk gSA nwljs okD; esa ^chtxf.kr* dk lacak ^fo"k;* ds lkFk lwfpr gksrk gS]
blhfy, ogk lacakdkjd dh vko';drk ugha gSA blh dkj.k vkxs fn, gq, mnkgj.k
esa Hkh ^ds* ugha vk;k gSf'kodqekj 'kkL=kh tSls kqja kj egkegksik;k;A* f'ko-A
lk bl 'kCn dk dqN fopkj f;kfo'ks"k.k ds v;k; esa fd;k x;k gSA
ns- vad226A bldk iz;ksx ^oSlk* ds leku nks izdkj ls gksrk gS vkSj nksuksa
iz;ksxksa esa oSlk gh vFkZHksn ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^Mhy
s
igkM+ lk vkSj cy gkFkh
dk lk gS* 'kdq-A bl okD; esa Mhy dks igkM+ dh miek nh xbZ gS] blfy,
^lk ds igys dk* ugha vk;k] ijarq nwljk ^lk* vius iwoZ yqIr ^cy* dk lacak
igys dgs gq, ^cy* ls feyrk gS] blfy, bl ^lk* ds igys ^dk* ykus dh vko';drk
gqbZ gSA ^gkFkh lk cy* dguk vlaxr gksrk gSA eqnzkjk{kl esa ^esjs ls yksx* vk;k
gS] ijarq blesa lerk dgusokys ls dh xbZ gS u fd mldh lacafkuh fdlh oLrq
ls] blfy, 'kq) iz;ksx ^eq> ls yksx* gksuk pkfg,A dksbZ&dksbZ bls dsoy izR;;
ekurs gSa] ijarq izR;; dk iz;ksx foHkfDr ds i'pkr~ ugha gksrkA tc ;g laKk ;k
loZuke ds lkFk foHkfDr ds fcuk vkrk gS rc bls izR;; dg ldrs gSa vkSj ^lk*
'kCn dks fo'ks"k.k eku ldrs gS(a tSlQw
s y lk 'kjhj] pesyh ls vax ij bR;kfnA
Hkj] rd ek=k budk Hkh fopkj f;kfo'ks"k.k ds v;k; eas gks pqdk gSA
tc budk iz;ksx lacaklwpd ds leku gksrk gS] rc ;s cgqkk dkyokpd] LFkkuokpd
ok ifj.kkeokpd 'kCnksa ds lkFk vkdj mudk lacak f;k ls ok nwljs 'kCnksa ls
feykrs gSa vkSj buds ijs dkjd dh foHkfDr ugha vkrh( tSl^og
s jkr Hkj tkxrk
gSA* yM+dk uxj rd x;kA* blesa fry ek=k lansg ugha gSA* ^rd* ds vFkZ esa
dHkh&dHkh laLr dk i;r 'kCn vkrk gS( tSl^mlus
s
leqnz i;r jkT; c<+k;kA*
vkSj ^r#* ds ;ksx ls laKk dk for :i vkrk gS( ij ^ek=k* ds lkFk mldk
ewy :i gh iz;Dq r gksrk gS( tSl^pkS
s ekls Hkj* bfr-A ^leqnz ds rVksa rd* j?kq-A
^iqLrd dk uke ^dVksjk Hkj [kwu* gS( ij ^dVksjk Hkj* 'kCn v'kq) gSA ;g ^dVksjs
Hkj* gksuk pkfg,A ^ek=k* 'kCn dk iz;ksx dsoy dqN laLr 'kCnksa ds lkFk
142 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dks dsoy lacaklwpd ekurs gSa( ijarq budk ,d vyx oxZ u ekudj ,d fo'ks"k
iz;ksx ekuus ls Hkh dke py ldrk gS( tSlk fd laLr esa mifj] fcuk] i`Fkd~]
iqj%] vxzs vkfn vO;;ksa ds laca k esa gksrk gS( tSl^x`
s gL;ksifj*] ^jkes.k fcukA*
nwljh dfBukbZ ;g gS fd ftl vFkZ esa dksbZ&dksbZ lacaklwpd vkrs gSa] mlh vFkZ
esa dkjd izR;; vFkkZr~ foHkf;k Hkh vkrh ga(S tSl?kj
s es]a ?kj esa Hkhrj] ryokj
ls] ryokj ds }kjk] isM+ ij] isM+ ds ijA rc bu foHkf;ksa dks Hkh lacaklwpd
D;ksa u ekus\a buds flok ,d vkSj vM+pu ;g gS fd dbZ ,d 'kCnks(a tSlrd]
s
Hkj] lq)ka] jfgr] iwoZd] ek=k] lk vkfn ds fo"k; esa fu'p;iwoZd ;g ugha dgk
tk ldrk fd ;s izR;; gSa vFkok lacaklwpdA fganh dh orZeku fy[kkoV ls bldk
fu.kZ; djuk vkSj Hkh dfBu gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] dksbZ ^rd* dks iwoZ 'kCn ls feykdj
vkSj dksbZ vyx fy[krs gSaA ,slh voLFkk esa lacaklwpd dk funksZ"k y{k.k crkuk
lgt ugha gSA
lacaklwpd ds i'pkr~ foHkfDr dk yksi gks tkrk gS vkSj foHkf ds i'pkr~
dksbZ nwljk izR;; ugha vkrk( blfy, tks 'kCn foHkf ds i'pkr~ vkrs gSa mudks
izR;; ugha dg ldrs vkSj ftu 'kCnksa ds i'pkr~ foHkf vkrh gS] os lacaklwpd
ugha dgs tk ldrsA mnkgj.kkFkZ^gkFkh dk lk cy* esa ^lk* izR;; ugha] fdarq
lacaklwpd gS( vkSj ^lalkj Hkj ds xzaFk* esa ^Hkj* lacaklwpd ugha] fdarq izR;; vFkok
f;kfo'ks"k.k gSA blh n`f"V ls dsoy mUgha dks lacaklwpd ekuuk pkfg,] ftuds
i'pkr~ dHkh foHkf ugha vkrh vkSj ftudk iz;ksx laKk ds fcuk dHkh ugha gks
ldrkA bl izdkj ds 'kCn dsoy ^ukb*] ^izfr*] ^i;r*] ^iwoZd*] ^lfgr* vkSj ^jfgr*
gSaA buesa ls var ds ikp 'kCnksa ds iwoZ dHkh&dHkh lacakdkjd dh foHkf ugha
vkrhA ml le; bUgsa izR;; dg ldrs gSaA rc dsoy ,d ^ukb* 'kCn gh lacaklwpd
dgk tk ldrk gS] ij og Hkh izk;% vizpfyr gSA fQj] rd] Hkj] ek=k vkSj lq)ka
ds i'pkr~ dHkh dHkh foHkf;k vkrh gSa( blfy, vkSj&vkSj 'kCnHksnksa ds leku
;s dsoy LFkkuh; :i ls laca/klwpd gks ldrs gSaA ;s 'kCn dHkh lacaklwpd] dHkh
izR;; vkSj dHkh nwljs 'kCn Hkh gksrs gSaA buds fHkUu&fHkUu iz;ksxksa dk mYys[k
f;kfo'ks"k.k ds v;k;ksa rFkk blh v;k; esa fd;k tk pqdk gSA blls tkuk
tkrk gS fd fganh esa ewy lacaklwpdksa dh la[;k ugha ds cjkcj gS] ijarq fHkUu&fHkUu
'kCnksa ds iz;ksx easa lacaklwpd ds leku gksrs gSa] blfy, bldks ,d vyx 'kCnHksn
ekuus dh vko';drk gSA Hkk"kk esa cgqkk dksbZ Hkh 'kCn vko';drk ds vuqlkj
lacaklwpd cuk fy;k tkrk gS vkSj tc og vizpfyr gks tkrk gS rc mlds cnys
nwljk 'kCn mi;ksx esa vkus yxrk gSA fganh ds ^vfrfj*] ^vis{kk*] ^fo"k;*] ^fo#)*
vkfn lacaklwpd iqjkuh iqLrdksa eas ugha feyrs vkSj iqjkuh iqLrdksa ds ^rb*] ^NwV*]
^ykS*] ^lrh* vkfn vktdy vizpfyr gSaA
144 / fganh O;kdj.k
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rhljk v/;k;
leqPp;ckskd
t.c
om
lw-laca klwpdksa vkSj foHkf;ksa dk fo'ks"k varj dkjd izdj.k esa crk;k
tk;xkA
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oju~ dHkh&dHkh izR;sd tqMs+ gq, okD; esa vkfn eas Hkh vkrk gS( tSl^;fn
s
lw;Z
u gks rks dqN Hkh u gksA* blds flok inksa ok okD;ka'kksa dks lHkh leqPp;ckskd
ugha tksM+rsA bl rjg ls bl y{k.k esa vLi"Vrk] vO;kfIr vkSj 'kCntky dk nks"k
ik;k tkrk gSA ys[kd us ;g y{k.k ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* ls tSlk dk rSlk ysdj mlesa
bkj&mkj dqN 'kkfCnd ifjorZu dj fn;k gS] ijarq Hkwy ds nks"k tSls ds rSls cus
jgsA ^Hkk"kkizHkkdj* esa Hkh ^Hkk"kkHkkLdj* gh dk y{k.k fn;k x;k gS vkSj mlesa Hkh
izk;% ;s gh nks"k gSaA
gekjs fd, gq, leqPp;ckskd ds y{k.k esa tks okD;ka'k^f;k dh fo'ks"krk
u crykdj*vk;k gS mldk dkj.k ;g gS fd okD;ksa dks ftl izdkj leqPp;ckskd
tksM+rs gSa] mlh izdkj mUgsa nwljs 'kCn Hkh tksM+rs gSaA lacakokpd vkSj fuR;lacakh
loZukeksa ds }kjk Hkh nks okD; tksM+s tkrs gS]a tSl^tks
s xjtrs gSa og cjlrs ugha*
dgk-A bl mnkgj.k esa ^tks* vkSj ^og* nks okD;ksa dk lacak feykrs gSaA blh
rjg ^tSlk rSlk*] ^ftruk mruk* laca/kokpd fo'ks"k.k rFkk tc rc] tgk&rgk]
tSls&rSls vkfn lacakokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k Hkh ,d okD; dk lacak nwljs okD; ls
feykrs gSaA bl iqLrd esa fn, gq, leqPp;ckskd ds y{k.k ls bu rhuksa izdkj
ds 'kCnksa dk fujkdj.k gksrk gSA lacakokpd loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.kksa dks leqPp;ckskd
blfy, ugha dgrs fd os vO;; ugha gSa] vkSj lacakokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k dks
leqPp;ckskd u ekuus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd mldk eq[; keZ f;k dh fo'ks"krk
crkuk gSA bu rhuksa izdkj ds 'kCnksa ij leqPp;ckskd dh vfrO;kfIr cpkus ds
fy, gh m y{k.k esa ^vO;;* 'kCn vkSj ^f;k dh fo'ks"krk u crykdj* okD;ka'k
yk;k x;k gSA
243- leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa ds eq[; nks Hksn gS1
a lekukfkdj.k]
2 O;kfkdj.kA
244- ftu vO;;ksa ds }kjk eq[; okD; tksM+s tkrs gSa] mUgsa lekukfkdj.k
leqPp;ckskd dgrs gSAa buds pkj miHksn gSv
a la;kstdvkSj] o] ,oa] rFkk]
HkhA buds }kjk nks ok vfkd eq[; okD;ksa dk laxgz gksrk gS( tSl^fcYyh
s
ds
iats gksrs gSa vkSj muesa u[k gksrs gSaA*
o;g mnwZ 'kCn ^vkSj* dk i;kZ;okpd gSA bldk iz;ksx cgqkk f'k"V ys[kd
ugha djrs] D;ksafd okD;ksa ds chp esa bldk mPpkj.k dfBukbZ ls gksrk gSA mnwZ
izseh jktk lkgc us Hkh bldk iz;ksx ugha fd;k gSA bl ^o* esa vkSj laLr ^o*
esa ftldk vFkZ ^o* dk myVk gS] cgqkk xM+cM+ vkSj Hkze Hkh gks tkrk gSA vfkdka'k
esa bldk iz;ksx mnwZ lkekftd 'kCnksa esa gksrk gS] ijarq muesa Hkh ;g mPpkj.k dh
lqxerk ds fy, lafk ds vuqlkj iwoZ 'kCn esa feyk fn;k tkrk gSa] tSls ukeksfu'kku]
146 / fganh O;kdj.k
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vkcksgok] tkuksekyA bl izdkj ds 'kCnksa dks Hkh ys[kd] fganh lekl ds vuqlkj]
cgqkk ^vkcgok*] ^tkueky*] ^ukefu'kku* bR;kfn cksyrs vkSj fy[krs gS]a tSl^cq
s rijLrh
ewfrZit
w k dk ukefu'kku u ckdh jgus fn;k* bfr-A
rFkk ;g laLr lacakokpd f;kfo'ks"k.k ^;Fkk* tSls dk fuR;lacakh gS
vkSj bldk vFkZ ^oSls* gSA bl vFkZ eas bldk iz;ksx dHkh&dHkh dfork esa gksrk
gS( tSl^jg
s xbZ vfrfofLer lh rFkkA pfdr papy pk# e`xh ;FkkA* x| esa
bldk iz;ksx cgqkk ^vkSj* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS( tSl^igys
s
&igy ogk Hkh vusd
wj rFkk Hk;kud mipkj fd, tkrs Fks* lj-A bldk vfkdrj iz;ksx ^vkSj*
'kCn dh f}#f dk fuokj.k djus ds fy, gksrk gS( tSl^bl
s ckr dh iqf"V esa
pSVthZ egk'k; us j?kqoa'k ds rsjgosa lxZ dk ,d i| vkSj j?kqoa'k rFkk dqekjlaHko
esa O;or ^la?kkr* 'kCn Hkh fn;k gS* j?kq-A
vkjS bl 'kCn ds loZuke] fo'ks"k.k vkSj f;kfo'ks"k.k gksus ds mnkgj.k igys
fn, tk pqds gSa ns- vad184] 186] 223 bZ-A leqPp;ckskd gksus ij bldk
iz;ksx lkkkj.k vFkZ ds flok uhps fy[ks fo'ks"k vFkks esa Hkh gksrk gS IykV~l r
^fganqLrkuh O;kdj.k*A
v nks f;kvksa dh ledkyhu ?kVuk( tSlrqs e mBs vkSj [kjkch vkbZA*
vk nks fo"k;ksa dk fuR; laca k] tSl^eS
s a gw vkSj rqe gks* eSa rqEgkjk
lkFk u NksM+xkA
b kedh ok frjLdkj( tSl^fQj
s
eSa gw vkSj rqe gks* eSa rqedks [kwc
le>wxk %
'kCnksa ds chp esa cgqkk ^vkSj* dk yksi gks tkrk gS( tSl^Hkys
s &cqjs dh igpku*]
^lq[k&nq[k dk nsusokyk*] ^pyks] ns[kks] esjs gkFk&iko ugha pyrs*A ;FkkFkZ esa ;s lc
mnkgj.k }a} lekl ds gSaA
,oa ^rFkk* ds leku bldk Hkh vFkZ ^oSls* ok ^,sls* gksrk gS] ijarq mPp
fganh esa ;g dsoy ^vkSj* i;kZ; esa vkrk gS( tSl^yks
s x miek, ns[kdj fofLer
,oa eqXk gks tkrs gSa* lR;-A
Hkh ;g igys okD; ls dqN lkn`'; feykus ds fy, vkrk gS( tSl^^dq
s N
ekgkRE; gh ij ugha] xaxk th dk ty Hkh ,slk gh mke vkSj euksgj gS** lR;-A
dHkh&dHkh ;g nwljs okD; ds fcuk] dsoy igyh dFkk ls lac) feyrk gS] tSls
^vc eSa Hkh rqEgkjh l[kh dk o`kkar iwNrk gw* 'kdq-A nks okD;ksa ok 'kCnksa ds chp
^vkSj* jgus ij blls dsoy vokkj.k dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl^eS
s ua s mls ns[kk vkSj
cqyk;k HkhA* dgha&dgha ^Hkh* vo/kkj.k cks/kd izR;; ^gh* ds leku vFkZ nsrk gS(
tSl^,d
s Hkh vkneh ugha feykA* ^bl dke dks dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gSA* dHkh&dHkh
^Hkh* ls vk'p;Z ok langs lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^rq
s e ogk x, Hkh Fks!* ^iRFkj Hkh
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dgha ilhtrk gS!* dHkh&dHkh blls vkxzg dk Hkh cksk gksrk gS( tSl^mBks
s
Hkh]
rqe ogk tkvksxs HkhA* bu fiNys vFkks esa ^Hkh* cgqkk ^gh* ds leku f;k&fo'ks"k.k
gksrk gSA
bZ foHkktd ;k] ok] vFkok] fdaok] fd] ;k&;k] pkgs&pkgs] D;k&D;k] u&u]
u fd] ugha rksA
bu vO;;ksa ls nks ;k vfkd okD;ksa ok 'kCnksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk xzg.k
vFkok nksuksa dk R;kx gksrk gSA
;k] ok vFkok] fdaok ;s pkjksa 'kCn izk;% i;kZ;okph gSaA buesa ls ^;k* mnwZ
vkSj 'ks"k rhu laLr gSaA ^vFkok* vkSj fdaok* esa nwljs vO;;ksa ds lkFk ^ok* feyk]
gSA igys rhu 'kCnksa dk ,d lkFk iz;ksx f}#fk ds fuokj.k ds fy, gksrk gS( tSls
^fdlh iqLrd dh vFkok fdlh xzaFkdkj ;k izdk'kd dh ,d ls vfkd iqLrdksa
dh iz'kalk esa fdlh us ,d izLrko ikl dj fn;k* lj-A ^;k* vkSj ^ok* dHkh&dHkh
i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dks feykrs gS(a tSlkeZ
s fu"Bk ;k kkfeZd fo'okl* Lok-A bl
izdkj ds 'kCn dHkh&dHkh dks"Bd esa gh j[k fn, tkrs gS(a tSl^Jq
s fr osn es*a
j?kq-A ys[kd x.k dHkh Hkwy ls ^;k* ds cnys ^vkSj* rFkk ^vkSj* ds cnys ^;k*
fy[k nsrs gS(a tSleqs nZs tyk, vkSj xkM+s Hkh tkrs Fks vkSj dHkh tykds xkM+rs Fks*
bfr-A ;gk nksuksa ^vkSj* ds LFkku esa ^;k*] ^ok* vkSj ^vFkok* esa ls dksbZ Hkh nks
vyx&vyx 'kCn gksus pkfg,A ^fdaok* dk iz;ksx cgqkk dfork esa gksrk gS( tSl^u`
s i
vfHkeku eksg cl fdaok* jke-A ^os gSa ujd ds nwr fdaok lwr gSa dfyjkt ds*
Hkkjr-A
d
f ;g foHkktd ^fd* ms';okpd vkSj Lo:iokpd ^fd* ls fHkUu gS
ns- vad244 vk] bZA bldk vFkZ ^;k* ds leku gS ijarq bldk iz;ksx cgqkk
dfork gh esa gksrk gS( tSl^jf[kgfga
s
Hkou fd ySgfga lkFkk* jke-A dTty ds
dwV ij nhif'k[kk lksrh gS] fd ';ke ?kueaMy esa nkfeuh dh kkjk gS* d- d-A
^fd* dHkh&dHkh nks 'kCnksa dks Hkh feykrk gS( tSl^;|fi
s
i.k fd viO;;h gh
gSa kuhekuh ;gk* Hkkjr-A ijarq ,slk iz;ksx Dofpr~ gksrk gSA
;k;k ;s 'kCn tksMs+ ls vkrs gSa vkSj vdsys ^;k* dh vis{kk foHkkx dk
vfkd fu'p; lwfpr djrs gS]a tSl^;k
s rks bl isM+ eaas Qklh yxkdj ej tkxh
;k xaxk esa dwn iMwxh* lR;-A dHkh&dHkh ^dgk&dgk* ds leku buls ^egr~ varj*
lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^;k
s og jkSud Fkh ;k lqulku gks x;kA* dfork esa ^;k ;k*
ds vFkZ esa ^fd fd* vkrs gSa( tSls dh ruq izku fd dsoy izkuk* jke-A
dkuwuh fganh esa igys ^;k* ds cnys ^vk;k* fy[krs gS(a tSl^s vk;k enZ ;k
vkSjrA* ^vk;k* Hkh mnwZ 'kCn gSA
izk;% blh vFkZ esa ^pkgs pkgs* vkrs gS(a tSl^pkgs
s
lqe#s dks jkbZ djS jfpjkbZ
148 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dks pkgs lqes# cukoS* ik-A ;s 'kCn ^pkguk* f;k ls cus gq, vO;; gSAa
D;kD;k
;s iz'uokpd loZuke leqPp;ckskd ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrs
gSaA dksbZ bUgsa la;kstd vkSj dksbZ foHkktd ekurs gSaA buds iz;ksx esa ;g fo'ks"krk
gS fd ;s okD; esa nks ok vfkd 'kCnksa dk foHkkx crkdj mu lcdk bdV~Bk mYys[k
djrs gS(a tSls ^D;k euq"; vkSj D;k tho&tarq] eSaus viuk lkjk tUe bUgha dk
Hkyk djkus esa xok;k* xqVdk-A ^D;k L=kh D;k iq#"k] lc gh ds eu esa vkuan
Nk; jgk Fkk* izse-A
uu ;s nqgjs f;kfo'ks"k.k leqPp;ckskd gksdj vkrs gSaA buls nks ok vfkd
'kCnksa esa ls izR;sd dk R;kx lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^u
s mUgsa uhan vkrh Fkh u Hkw[k
I;kl yxrh Fkh* izes -A dHkh&dHkh buls v'kD;rk dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl^u
s
;s vius izcakksa ls Nqh ikosaxs u dgha tk;xs* lR;-A ^u ukS eu rsy gksxk u
jkkk ukpsaxh* dgk-A dHkh&dHkh budk iz;ksx dk;Z dkj.k lwfpr djus esa gksrk
gS( tSl^u
s rqe vkrs u ;g minzo [kM+k gksrkA*
u fd ;g ^u* vkSj ^fd* ls feydj cuk gSA blls cgqkk nks ckrksa esa ls
nwljh dk fu"ksk lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^v
s xjst yksx O;kikj ds fy, vk, Fks u
fd ns'k thrus ds fy,A*
ugha rks ;g Hkh la;qDr f;kfo'ks"k.k gS vkSj leqPp;ckskd ds leku mi;ksx
esa vkrk gSA blls fdlh ckr ds R;kx dk Qy lwfpr gksrk gS( tSl^mlus
s
eqg
ij ?kw?kV lk Mky fn;k gS( ugha rks jktk dh vk[ksa dc ml ij Bgj ldrh FkhaA
xqVdk-A
m fojkskn'kZd ij] ijarq] fdarq] ysfdu] exj] oju~] cfYdA
;s vO;; nks okD;ksa esa igys dk fu"ksk ok ifjfefr lwfpr djrs gSaA
ij ^ij* BsB fganh 'kCn gS( ^ijarq* rFkk ^fdarq* laLr 'kCn gS vkSj ^ysfdu*
rFkk ^exj* mnwZ gSaA ^ij*] ijarq vkSj ^ysfdu* i;kZ;okph gaSA ^exj* Hkh budk
i;kZ;okph gS] ijarq budk iz;ksx fganh esa Dofpr~ gksrk gSA ^izselkxj* esa dsoy
^ij* dk iz;ksx ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^>w
s B lp dks rks Hkxoku~ tkus ij esjs eu
esa ,d ckr vkbZ gSA*
fdar]q oju~ ;s 'kCn Hkh izk;% i;kZ;okph gSa vkSj budk iz;ksx cgqkk fu"kskokpd
okD;ksa ds i'pkr~ gksrk gS( tSldkeukvks
s
a ds izcy gksus ls vkneh nqjkpkj ugha
djrs] fdarq var%dj.k ds fucZy gks tkus ls oSlk djrs gSa* Lok-A ^eSa dsoy lisjk
ugha gw fdarq Hkk"kk dk dfo Hkh gw* eqnzk-A ^bl lansg dk brus dky chrus ij
;Fkksfpr~ lekkku djuk dfBu gS] oju~ cM+s cM+s fo}kuksa dh efr Hkh blesa fo#)
gS* bfr-A ^oju~* cgqkk ,d ckr dks dqN nckdj nwljh dks izkkurk nsus ds
fy, Hkh vkrk gS( tSl^ikjl*
s
ns'kokys Hkh vk;Z Fks] oju~ blh dkj.k ml ns'k
fganh O;kdj.k / 149
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dks vc Hkh bZjku dgrs gSa* bfr-A ^oju~* ds i;kZ;okph ^ojap* laLr vkSj
^cfYd* mnwZ gSaA
ifj.kken'kZd blfy,] lks] vr%] vr,oA
bu vO;;ksa ls ;g tkuk tkrk gS fd buds vkxs ds okD; dk vFkZ fiNys
okD; ds vFkZ dk Qy gS( tSlvc
s
Hkksj gksus yxk Fkk] blfy, nksuksa tu
viuh&viuh BkSjksa ls mBs BsB-A bl mnkgj.k esa ^nksuksa tu viuh&viuh BkSjksa
ls mBs* ;g okD; ifj.kke lwfpr djrk gS vkSj ^vc Hkksj gksus yxk Fkk] ;g dkj.k
crykrk gS( bl dkj.k ^blfy,* ifj.kken'kZd leqPp;ckskd gSA ;g 'kCn ewy
leqPp;ckskd ugha gS] fdarq ^bl* vkSj ^fy,* ds esy ls cuk gS] vkSj leqPp;ckskd
rFkk dHkh dHkh f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku mi;ksx esa vkrk gSA ns-vad&237 lw-A
^blfy,* ds cnys dHkh&dHkh ^blls*] ^bl okLrs* ok ^bl dkj.k* Hkh vkrk gSA
lw-1 ^blfy,* ds vkSj vFkZ vkxs fy[ks tk;xAs 2 vokkj.k esa
^blfy,* dk :i ^blhfy,* gks tkrk gSA
vr,o] vr% ;s laLr 'kCn ^blfy,* ds i;kZ;okpd gSa vkSj budk iz;ksx
mPp fganh esa gksrk gSA
lks ;g fu'p;okpd loZuke ns- vad130 ^blhfy,* ds vFkZ esa vkrk
gS] ijarq dHkh&dHkh bldk vFkZ ^rc* ok ^ijar*q Hkh gksrk gSA tSl^eS
s a ?kj ls cgqkk
nwj fudy x;k Fkk( lks eSa cMs+ [ksn ls uhps mrjkA* ^dal us vo'; ;'kksnk dh
dU;k ds izk.k fy, Fks] lks og vlqj Fkk* xqVdk-A
lw-dkuwuh fganh esa ^blfy,* ds cnys ^fygktk* fy[kk tkrk gSA
Vh-lekukfkdj.k leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa ls feys gq, lkkkj.k okD;ksa dks
dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd vyx&vyx fy[krs gS(a tSlHkkjrokfl;ks
s
a dks viuh n'kk dh
ijok ugha gSA ij vkidh bTtr dk mUgsa cM+k [k;ky gS* f'ko-A ^ml le;
fL=k;ksa dks i<+kus dh t:jr u le>h xbZ gksxh] ij vc rks gSA vr,o i<+kuk
pkfg,* lj-A bl izdkj dh jpuk vuqdj.kh; ughaA
245- ftu vO;;ksa ds ;ksx ls ,d okD; esa ,d ok vfkd vkfJr okD;
tksM+s tkrs gS]a mUgsa O;fkdj.k leqPp;ckskd dgrs gSAa buds pkj miHksn gSa
v dkj.kokpd D;ksafd] tks fd] blfy,A
bu vO;;ksa ls vkjaHk gksuos kys okD; iwooZ kD; dk leFkZu djrs gSvFkkZ
a r~
iwooZ kD; ds vFkZ dk dkj.k mkjokD; ds vFkZ ls lwfpr gksrk gS% tSl^bl
s ukfVdk
dk vuqokn djuk esjk dke ugha Fkk] D;ksafd eSa laLr vPNh ugha tkurk* jRuk-A
bl mnkgj.k esa mkjokD; iwoZokD; dk dkj.k lwfpr djrk gSA ;fn bl okD;
dks myVdj ,slk dgs fd ^eSa laLr vPNh ugha tkurk] ^blfy,* vr%] vr,o
bl ukfVdk dk vuqokn djuk esjk dke ugha Fkk* rks iwoZokD; ds dkj.k vkSj
150 / fganh O;kdj.k
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mkjokD; esa mldk ifj.kke lwfpr gksrk gS] vkSj ^blfy,* 'kCn ifj.kkecks/kd gSA
Vh-;gk ;g iz'u gks ldrk gS fd tc ^blfy,* dks lekukfkdj.k
leqPp;ckskd ekurs gSa] rc ^D;ksafd* dks bl oxZ esa D;ksa ugha fxurs\ bl fo"k;
esa oS;kdj.kksa dk ,der ugha gSA dksbZ&dksbZ nksuksa vO;;ksa dks lekukfkdj.k vkSj
dksbZ&dksbZ mUgsa O;fkdj.k leqPp;ckskd ekurs gSaA blds fo#) fdlh&fdlh ds
er dk Li"Vhdj.k vxys mnkgj.k ls gksxk^xeZ gok ij mBrh gS] D;ksfa d og
lkkkj.k gok ls gydh gksrh gSA bl okD; esa oDrk dk eq[; vfHkizk; ;g ckr
crkuk gS fd ^xeZ gok ij mBrh gS* blfy, og nwljh ckr dk mYys[k dsoy
igyh ckr ds leFkZu esa djrk gSA ;fn blh ckr dks ;ksa dgsa fd ^xeZ gok lkkkj.k
gok ls gydh gksrh gS( blfy, og ij mBrh gS*] rks tku iMs+xk fd ;gk oDrk
dk vfHkizk; nksuksa ckrsa izkkurkiwoZd crkus dk gSA blds fy, og nksuksa okD;ksa
dks bl rjg Hkh dg ldrk gS fd ^xeZ gok lkkkj.k gok ls gydh gksrh gS vkSj
og ij mBrh gSA* bl n`f"V ls ^D;ksafd* O;fkdj.k leqPp;ckskd gS( vFkkZr~
mlls vkjaHk gksuos kyk okD; vkfJr gksrk gS vkSj ^blfy,* lekukfkdj.k leqPp;ckskd
gSvFkkZr~ og eq[; okD;ksa dks feykrk gSA
^D;ksafd* ds cnys dHkh&dHkh ^dkj.k* 'kCn vkrk gSA ;g leqPp;ckskd
dk dke nsrk gSA ^dkgs ls fd* leqPp;ckskd okD;ka'k gSA
dHkh&dHkh dkj.k ds vFkZ esa ifj.kkeckskd ^blfy,* vkrk gS vkSj rc mlds
lkFk cgqkk ^fd* jgrk gS( tSls
nq";arD;ksa ek<O;] rqe ykBh dks D;ksa cqjk dgk pkgrs gks\
ek<O; blfy, fd esjk vax rks Vs<+k gS] vkSj og lhkh cuh gS* 'kdq-A
dHkh&dHkh iwoZ okD; esa ^blfy,* f;kfo'ks"k.k ds leku vkrk gS vkSj mkj
okD; ^fd* leqPp;ckskd ls vkjaHk gksrk gS( tSl^dks
s bZ ckr dsoy blfy, ekU;
ugha gS fd og cgqr dky ls ekuh tkrh gS* lj-A ^eSaus blfy, jksdk Fkk fd
bl ;a=k esa cM+h 'kf gS* 'kdq-A ^dqvka] blfy, fd og iRFkjksa ls cuk gqvk
Fkk] viuh txg ij f'k[kj dh ukb [kM+k jgk Hkk"kklkj-
tks fd ;g mnwZ ^pwfd* ds cnys dkuwuh Hkk"kk esa dkj.k lwfpr djus ds
fy, vkrk gS( tSl^tks
s fd ;g vej djhu eLygr gS---blfy, uhps fy[ks eqrkfcd
gqDe gksrk gS ,sDV-A
bl mnkgj.k esa iwoZ okD; vkfJr gS] D;ksafd mlds lkFk dkj.kokpd
leqPp;ckskd vkrk gSA nwljs LFkkuksa esa iwoZokD; ds lkFk cgqkk dkj.kokpd vO;;
ugha vkrk vkSj ogk og okD; eq[; le>k tkrk gSA oS;kdj.kksa dk er gS fd
igys dkj.k vkSj ihNs ifj.kke dgus ls dkj.kokpd okD; vkfJr vkSj ifj.kkeckskd
okD; Lora=k jgrk gSA
vk ms';okpd fd] tks] rkfd] blfy, fdA
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;fn bZ'ojsPNk ls ;g ogh czk.k gks rks cM+h vPNh ckr gSA* lR;-A dHkh&dHkh
^tks* ls vkrad ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^tks
s eSa jke rks dqy lfgr dgfg nlkuu
tk;A* ^tks gfj'panz dks rstksHkz"V u fd;k rks esjk uke fo'okfe=k ugha* lR;-A
vokkj.k esa ^rks* ds cnys ^rks Hkh* vkrk gS( tSl^tks
s * dqVcaq gksrk rks Hkh eSa
u nsrk* eqnzk-A
dHkh&dHkh dksbZ ckr bruh Li"V gksrh gS fd mlds lkFk fdlh 'krZ dh
vko';drk ugha jgrh( tSl^iRFkj
s
ikuh esa Mwc tkrk gSA* bl okD; dks c<+kdj
;ksa fy[kuk fd ^;fn iRFkj dks ikuh esa Mkysa rks og Mwc tkrk gS*] vuko';d gSA
^tks* dHkh&dHkh ^tc* ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS( tSl^tks
s og Lusg gh u jgk
rks vc lqfk fnyk, D;k gksrk gS* 'kdq-A ^tks ds cnys dHkh&dHkh ^dnkfpr~*
f;kfo'ks"k.k vkrk gS( tSldnkfpr~
s
dksbZ iwNs rks esjk uke crk nsukA* dHkh&dHkh
^tks* ds lkFk ^rks* ds cnys lks] leqPp;ckskd vkrk gS( tSl^tks
s vkius #i;ksa
ds ckjs esa fy[kk lks vHkh mldk cankscLr gksuk dfBu gSA*
^;fn* ls lacak j[kusokyh ,d izdkj dh okD; jpuk fganh esa vxjsth ds
lgokl ls izpfyr gqbZ gS] ftlesa iwoZ okD; dh 'krZ dk mYys[k dj rqjar gh mldk
eaMu dj nsrs gS]a ijarq mkj okD; T;ksa dk R;ksa jgrk gS] tSl;fn
s ;g ckr lR;
gks tks fu%lansg lR; gh gS rks fganqvksa dks lalkj esa lcls cM+h tkfr ekuuk gh
iM+sxk* Hkkjr-A ^;fn* dk i;kZ;okph mnwZ 'kCn ^vxj* Hkh fganh esa izpfyr gSA
;|fi&rFkkfi rks Hkh ;s 'kCn ftu okD;ksa esa vkrs gSa muds fu'p;kRed
fokkuksa esa ijLij fojksk ik;k tkrk gS] tSl^s ;|fi ;g ns'k rc rd taxyksa ls
Hkjk gqvk Fkk rFkkfi v;ks;k vPNh cl xbZ Fkh* bfr-A ^rFkkfi* ds cnys cgqkk
^rks Hkh* vkSj dHkh&dHkh ^ijar*q vkrk gS] tSls ;|fi ge ouoklh gSa rks Hkh yksd
ds O;ogkjksa dks HkyhHkkfr tkurs gSa* 'kdq-A ^;|fi xq# us dgk gS---ij ;g rks
cM+k iki lk gS* eqnzk-A
dHkh&dHkh ^rFkkfi* ,d Lora=k okD; esa vkrk gS( vkSj ogk mlds lkFk
^;|fi* dh vko';drk ugha jgrh( tSl^es
s jk Hkh gky Bhd ,sls gh ckSus ds tSlk
gSA rFkkfi ,d ckr vo'; gS* j?kq-A blh vFkZ esa ^rFkkfi* ds cnys frlij*
okD;ka'k Hkh vkrk gSA
^pkgs* ijarq tc ^;|fi* ds vFkZ esa dqN lansg jgrk gS rc mlds cnys
^pkgs* vkrk gS( tSl^mlus
s
pkgs viuh lf[k;ksa dh vksj gh ns[kk gks( ijarq eSua s
;gh tkuk* 'kdq-A
^pkgs* cgqkk lacakokpd loZuke] fo'ks"k.k ok f;kfo'ks"k.k ds lkFk vkdj
mldh fo'ks"krk crykrk gS vkSj iz;ksx ds vuqlkj cgqkk f;kfo'ks"k.k gksrk gS]
tSl^;gk
s
pkgs tks dg yks ijarq vnkyr esa rqEgkjh xhnM+ HkHkdh ugha py ldhA*
ijh-A ^esjs juokl esa pkgs ftruh jkuh jkfu;k gksa eq>s nks gh oLrq, lalkj esa
fganh O;kdj.k / 153
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I;kjh gksaxh* 'kdq-A ^euq"; cqf)fo"k;d Kku esa pkgs ftruk ikjaxr gks tk, ijarq
mlds Kku ls fo'ks"k ykHk ugha gks ldrkA* lj- ^pkgs tgk ls vHkh lc ns* lR;-A
nqgjs ladsrokpd leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa esa ls dHkh fdlh dk yksi gks tkrk
gS( tSls ^dksbZ ijh{kk ysrk rks ekywe iM+rk* lR;-A ^ bu lc ckrksa ls
gekjs izHkq ds lc dke fl) gq, izrhr gksrs gSa rFkkfi esjs eu dks kS;Z ughaa gSA
jpuk-A ^;fn dksbZ keZ] U;k;] lR;] izhfr ikS#"k dk gels uewuk pkgs ge
;gh dgsaxs] jke] jke] jke* bfr-A ^oSfnd yksx fdruk Hkh vPNk fy[ksa rks
Hkh muds v{kj vPNs ugha curs* eqnzk-A
d
f tc ;g ladsrokpd gksrk gS] rc bldk vFkZ ^R;ksagh* gksrk gS] vkSj
;g nksuksa okD;ksa ds chp esa vkrk gS( tSl^vDVks
s
cj pyk fd mls uhan us lrk;kA
lj- ^'kSO;k jksfgrk'o dk e`rdacy QkM+k pkgrh gS fd jaxHkwfe dh i`Foh fgyrh
gS* lR;-A
dHkh&dHkh ^fd* ds lkFk mldk lekukFkhZ okD;ka'k ^brus esa* vkrk gS(
tSl^eS
s a rks tkus gh dks Fkk fd brus esa vki vk x,A*
bZ Lo:iokpd fd] tks] vFkkZr~] ;kus] ekuksaA
bu vO;;ksa ds }kjk tqM+s gq, 'kCnksa ok okD;ksa esa ls igys 'kCn ok okD;
dk Lo:i Li"Vhdj.k fiNys 'kCn ok okD; ls tkuk tkrk gS( blfy, bu vO;;ksa
dks Lo:iokpd dgrs gSaA
d
f blds vkSj&vkSj vFkZ rFkk iz;ksx igys dg x, gSaA tc ;g vO;;
Lo:iokpd gksrk gS] rc blls fdlh ckr dk dsoy vkjaHk ok izLrkouk lwfpr
gksrh gS( tSl^Jh'kq
s
dnso eqfu cksys fd egkjkt vc vkxs dFkk lqfu,* izes -A
^esjs eu esa vkrh gS fd blls dqN iwNw 'kdq-A ^ckr ;g gS fd yksxksa dh #fp
,d lh ugha gksrhA*
tc vkfJr okD; eq[; okD; ls igys vkrk gS] rc ^fd* dk yksi gks
tkrk gS] ijarq eq[; okD; esa vkfJr okD; dk dksbZ lekukfkdj.k 'kCn vkrk
gS( tSl^ijes
s 'oj ,d gS] ;g keZ dh ckr gS* ^jcj dkgs dk curk gS] ;g ckr
cgqrsjksa dks ekywe ugha gSA*
lw-bl izdkj dh myVh jpuk dk izpkj fganh esa cgqkk cxyk vkSj ejkBh
dh ns[kkns[kh gksus yxk gS] ijarq og lkoZf=kd ugha gSA izkphu fganh dfork esa ^fd*
dk iz;ksx ugha ik;k tkrkA vktdy ds x| esa Hkh dgha&dgha bldk yksi dj
nsrs gS]a tSl^D;k
s
tkus] fdlh ds eu esa D;k Hkjk gSA*
tks og Lo:iokpd ^fd* dk lekukFkhZ gS] ijarq mldh vis{kk vc O;ogkj
esa de vkrk gSA izes lkxj esa bldk iz;ksx dbZ txg gqvk gS( tSl^;gh
s
fopkjks
tks eFkqjk vkSj o`ankou esa varj gh D;k gSA* ^ftlus cM+h Hkkjh pwd dh tks rsjh
154 / fganh O;kdj.k
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ekx Jh".k dks nhA* ftl vFkZ esa Hkkjrsanq th us ^fd* dk iz;ksx fd;k gS] mlh
vFkZ esa f}osnh th cgqkk ^tks* fy[krs gS]a tSl^,s
s lk u gks fd dksbZ vk tk;A*
lR;-A ^,slk u gks tks banz ;g le>s* j?kq-A
Vh-cxyk] mfM+;k] ejkBh vkfn vk;ZHkk"kkvksa esa ^fd* ;k ^tks* ds laca k
ls nks izdkj dh jpuk, ikbZ tkrh gSa] tks laLr ds ^;r~* vkSj ^bfr* vO;;ksa
ls fudyh gSaA laLr ls ^;r~* ds vuqlkj muesa ^tks* vkrk gS vkSj ^bfr* ds vuqlkj
cxyk esa ^cfy;k( mfM+;k esa ^cksyh*] ejkBh esa ^Eg.kwu* vkSj uSikyh esa dSykx
ds vuqlkj ^Hkfu* gSA bu lc dk vFkZ ^dgdj* gksrk gSA fganh esa ^bfr* ds vuqlkj
jpuk ugha gksrh] ijarq ^;r~* ds vuqlkj blesa ^tks* Lo:iokpd vkrk gSA bl
^tks* dk iz;ksx mnwZ ^fd* ds leku gksus ds dkj.k ^tks* ds cnys ^fd* dk izpkj gks
x;k gS vkSj ^tks* dqN pqus gq, LFkkuksa esa jg x;kA ejkBh vkSj xqtjkrh esa ^fd*
e'k% ^dh* vkSj ^ds* :i esa vkrk gSA nf{k.kh fganh esa ^bfr* ds vuqlkj tks jpuk
gksrh gS] mlesa ^bfr* ds fy, ^djds* leqPp;ckskd ds leku vkrk gS( tSleSs a
tkxk djds ukSdj eq>ls dgrk Fkk* = ukSdj eq>ls dgrk Fkk fd eSa tkxkA
dHkh&dHkh eq[; okD; esa ^,slk*] ^bruk*] ^;gk rd* vFkok dksbZ fo'ks"k.k
vkrk gS( mldk Lo:i vFkZ Li"V djus ds fy, ^fd* ds i'pkr~ vkfJr okD;
vkrk gS( tSl^D;k
s
vkSj ns'kksa esa bruh lnhZ iM+rh gS fd ikuh tedj iRFkj dh
pku dh ukb gks tkrk gS\* Hkk"kklkj-A ^pksj ,slk Hkkxk fd mldk irk gh
u yxkA* dSlh Nykx Hkjh gS fd kjrh ls ij gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS* 'kdq-A ^dqN
yksxksa us vknfe;ksa ds bl fo'okl dks ;gk rd mksftr dj fn;k gS fd os vius
euksfodkjksa dks rdZ'kkL=k ds izek.kksa ls Hkh vfkd cyoku ekurs gSa* Lok-A dky
p cM+k izcy gS fd fdlh dks ,d gh voLFkk esa ugha jgus nsrk* eqnzk-A ^rw
cM+k ew[kZ gS tks gels ,slh ckr dgrk gS* izse-A
lw-bl vFkZ esa ^fd* ok ^tks* dsoy Lo:iokpd gh ugha fdarq ifj.kke&
ckskd Hkh gSA lekukfkdj.k leqPp;ckskd ^blfy,* ls ftl ifj.kke dk cksk
gksrk gS] mlls ^fd* ds }kjk lwfpr gksusokyk ifj.kke fHkUu gS] D;ksafd blesa ifj.kke
ds lkFk Lo:i dk vFkZ feyk gqvk gSA bl vFkZ esa dsoy ,d leqPp;ckskd ^fd*
vkrk gS] blfy, mlds bl ,d vFkZ dk foospu ;gha dj fn;k x;k gSA
dHkh&dHkh ^;gk rd* vkSj ^fd* lkFk&lkFk vkrs gSa vkSj dsoy okD; gh
dks ugha] fdarq 'kCnksa dks Hkh tksM+rs gS(a tSl^cgq
s r vkneh mUgsa lp ekuus yxrs
gS( ;gk rd fd dqN fnuksa esa os loZlEer gks tkrs gSa* Lok-A ^bl ij rqEgkjs
cM+s vUu] jfLl;k ;gk rd fd miys ykndj ykrs Fks* f'ko-A ^D;k ;g Hkh laHko
gS fd ,d ds dkO; ds in] ;gk rd fd izk;% 'yksdk)Z r}r~ nwljs ds fnekx
ls fudy iM+sa\* j?kq-A bu mnkgj.kksa eas ^;gk rd fd* leqPp;ckskd okD;ka'k gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 155
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vFkkZr~ ;g laLr foHkDR;ar laKk gSA ij fganh esa bldk iz;ksx leqPp;ckskd
ds leku gksrk gSA ;g vO;; fdlh 'kCn ok okD; dk vFkZ le>kus esa vkrk
gS( tSls ^kkrq ds VqdM+s BIis ds gkssus ls flDdk vFkkZr~ eqnzk dgrs gSa* thfodk-A
^xkSre cq) vius ikpksa psyksa lesr pkSekls Hkj vFkkZr~ cjlkr Hkj cukjl esa jgk*
bfr-A ^buesa ijLij ltkrh; Hkko gS] vFkkZr~ ;s ,d nwljh ls tqnk ugha gSA*
Lok-A dHkh&dHkh ^vFkkZr~* ds cnys ^vFkok*] ^ok* ^;k* vkrs gSa( vkSj rc ;g
crkuk dfBu gks tkrk gS fd ;s Lo:iokpd gSa ;k foHkktd( vFkkZr~ ;s ,d gh
vFkZokys 'kCnksa dks feykrs gSa ;k vyx&vyx vFkZokys 'kCnksa dks( tSl^cLrh
s
vFkkZr~
tuLFkku ok tuin dk rks uke Hkh eqf'dy ls feyrk Fkk* bfr-A ^rqEgkjh gSfl;r
ok fLFkfr pkgs tSlh gks* vkn'kZ-A ^fdlh vkSj rjhds ls lKku] cqf)eku ;k
vDyean gksuk vkneh ds fy, eqefdu gh ugha* Lok-A
lw-fdlh okD; esa dfBu 'kCn dk vFkZ le>kus esa vFkok ,d okD;
dk vFkZ nwljs okD; ds }kjk Li"V djus esa foHkktd rFkk Lo:ickskd vO;;ksa
ds vFkZ ds varj ij ;ku u j[kus ls Hkk"kk esa ljyrk ds cnys dfBurk vk tkrh
gS vkSj dgha dgha vFkZghurk Hkh mRiUu gksrh gSA
dkuwuh Hkk"kk esa nks uke lwfpr djus ds fy, ^vFkkZr~* dk i;kZ;okph mnwZ
^mQZ* yk;k tkrk gS vkSj lkkkj.k cksypky esa ^;kus* vkrk gSA
ekuks ;g ^ekuuk* f;k ds fofkdky dk :i gS] ij dHkh&dHkh bldk
iz;ksx ^,slk* ds lkFk miek mRiz{s kk esa leqPp;ckskd ds leku gksrk gS( tSl^;g
s
fp=k ,slk lqgkouk yxrk gS ekuks lk{kkr~ lqanjkok vkxs [kM+k gks 'kdq-A vkxs
nsf[k tjfr fjl HkkjhA eugq jks"k rjokj m?kkjh* jke-A
246- vc ge ^tks* ds ,d ,sls iz;ksx dk mnkgj.k nsrs gSa] ftldk lekos'k
igys dgs gq, leqPp;ckskd ds fdlh oxZ esa ugha gqvk gSA ^eq>s ejuk ugha tks
rsjk i{k d:* izse-A bl mnkgj.k easa ^tks* u ladsrokpd gS u ms';okpd]
u Lo:iokpdA ;gk ^tks* dk vFkZ ftlfy,* gSA ftlfy,] dHkh&dHkh ^blfy,*
ds i;kZ; esa vkrk gS( tSl^;gk
s
,d lHkk gksus s okyh gS ftlfy, blfy, lc
yksx bdV~Bs gSaA* bl n`f"V ls nwljk okD; ifj.kken'kZd eq[; okD; gks ldrk gSA
247- laLr vkSj mnwZ 'kCnksa dks NksM+dj ftudh O;qRifk fganh O;kdj.k
dh lhek ds ckgj gS fganh ds vfkdka'k leqPp;ckskdksa dh O;qRifk nwljs 'kCnHksnksa
ls gS vkSj dbZ ,d dk izpkj vkkqfud gSA ^vkSj* lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k gSA ^tks*
lacakokpd loZuke vkSj ^lks* fu'p;okpd loZuke gSA ^;fn*] ^ijarq*] ^fdarq*]
vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ^jkepfjrekul* vkSj ^izselkxj* esa ugha ik;k tkrkA
Vh-laca klwpdksa ds leku leqPp;ckskd dk oxhZdj.k Hkh O;kdj.k dh
n`f"V ls vko';d ugha gSA bl oxhZdj.k ls dsoy muds fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZ dk iz;ksx
156 / fganh O;kdj.k
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tkuus esa lgk;rk fey ldrh gSA ij leqPp;ckskd vO;;ksa ds tks eq[; oxZ
eku x, gSa mudh vko';drk okD;&i`FkDdj.k ds fopkj ls gksrh gS] D;ksafd
okD;&i`FkDdj.k okD; ds vo;oksa rFkk okD; dk ijLij lacak tkuus ds fy,
cgqr gh vko';d gSA
leqPp;ckskdksa dk lacak okD; i`FkDdj.k gksus ds dkj.k ;gk blds fo"k;
esa la{ksir% dqN dgus dh vko';drk gSA
okD; cgqkk rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSlkkkj.k]
a
feJ vkSj la;
q A buesa ls
lkkkj.k okD; bdgjs gksrs gSa] ftuesa okD;la;ksx dh dksbZ vko';drk gh ugha
gSA ;g vko';drk dsoy feJ vkSj la;q okD;ksa esa gksrh gSA feJ okD; esa
,d eq[; okD; jgrk gS vkSj mlds lkFk ,d ;k vfkd vkfJr okD; vkrs
gSaA la;q okD; ds varxZr lc okD; eq[; gksrs gSaA eq[; okD; vFkZ esa ,d
nwljs ls Lora=k jgrk gS] ijarq vkfJr okD; eq[; okD; ds ij voyafcr jgrk
gSA eq[; okD;ksa dks tksM+usokys leqPp;ckskdksa dks lekukfkdj.k dgrs gSa] vkSj
feJ okD; ds mi okD; dks tksM+usokys vO;; O;fkdj.k dgkrs gSaA
ftu fganh O;kdj.kksa esa leqPp;ckskdksa ds Hksn ekus x, gSa] muesa ls izk;%
lHkh nks Hksn ekurs gS1
a la;kstd vkSj 2 foHkktdA 'ks"k bu nksuksa Hksnksa
esa vk ldrs gSaA blfy, ;gk bu Hksnksa ij fo'ks"k fopkj djus dh vko';drk
ugha gSA
^Hkk"kkronhfidk* esa leqPp;ckskd ds dsoy ikp Hksn ekus x, gSa ftuesa
vkSj dbZ vO;;ksa ds flok ^blfy,* dk Hkh xzg.k ugha fd;k x;kA ;g vO;;
vkne ds O;kjd.k dks NksM+ vkSj fdlh O;kdj.k esa ugha vk;k] ftlls vuqeku
gksrk gS fd blds leqPp;ckskd gksus esa lansg gSA bl 'kCn ds fo"k; easa ge igys
fy[k pqds gSa fd ewy vO;; ugha gS] fdarq lacaklwpdkar loZuke gS] ijarq
mldk iz;ksx leqPp;ckskd ds leku gksrk gS vkSj nks&rhu laLr vO;;ksa dks
NksM+ fganh esa bl vFkZ dk vkSj dksbZ vO;; ugha gSA ^blfy,*] ^vr,o*]
^vr%* ^vkSj* mnwZ ^fygktk* ls ifj.kke dk cksk gksrk gS vkSj ;g vFkZ nwljs
vO;;ksa ls ugha ik;k tkrk] blfy, bu vO;;ksa ds fy, ,d vyx Hksn ekuus
dh vko';drk gSA
gekjs fd, gq, oxhZdj.k esa ;g nks"k gks ldrk gS fd ,d gh 'kCn dgha
dgha ,d ls vfkd oxks esa vk;k gSA ;g blfy, gqvk gS fd dqN 'kCnksa ds vFkZ
vkSj iz;ksx fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds gSa] ijarq dsoy os gh 'kCn ,d oxZ esa ugha vk,]
vkSj Hkh nwljs 'kCn ml oxZ esa vk, gSaA
pkSFkk v/;k;
foLe;kfnckskd
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248- ftu vO;;ksa dk lacak okD; ls ugha jgrk] tks oDrk ds dsoy g"kZ]
'kksdkfn Hkko lwfpr djrs gSa mUgsa foLe;kfnckskd vO;; dgrs gS]a tSl^gk;!
s
vc eSa D;k d:!* lR;-A ^gSa! ;g D;k dgrs gks* ijh-A bu okD;ksa esa ^gk;*
nq%[k vkSj ^gSa* vk'p;Z rFkk ksk lwfpr djrk gS vkSj ftu okD;ksa esa ;ss 'kCn
gSa] muls budk dksbZ lacak ugha gSA
O;kdj.k esa bu 'kCnksa dk fo'ks"k ego ugha] D;ksafd okD; dk eq[; dke
tks fokku djuk gS] mlesa buds ;ksx ls dksbZ vko';d lgk;rk ugha feyrhA
blds flok budk iz;ksx dsoy ogh gksrk gS tgk okD; ds vFkZ dh vis{kk vfkd
rhoz Hkko lwfpr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ^eSa vc D;k d:A* bl okD;
ls 'kksd ik;k tkrk gS] ijarq ;fn 'kksd dh vfkd rhozrk lwfpr djuh gks rks
mlds lkFk ^gk;* tksM+ nsaxs] tSls ^gk;! vc eSa D;k d:A* foLe;kfnckskd vO;;ksa
esa vFkZ dk vR;arkHkko ugha gS] D;ksafd buesa ls izR;sd 'kCn ls iwjs okD; dk vFkZ
fudyrk gS] tSls vdssys ^gk;* ds mPpkj.k ls ;g Hkko tkuk tkrk gS fd eq>s
cM+k nq%[k gS*A rFkkfi ftl izdkj 'kjhj ;k Loj dh ps"Vk ls euq"; ds euksfodkjksa
dk vuqeku fd;k tkrk gS] mlh izdkj foLe;kfnckskd vO;;ksa ls Hkh bu euksfodkjksa
dk vuqeku gksrk gS] vkSj ftl izdkj ps"Vk dks O;kdj.k esa O;Dr Hkk"kk ugha ekurs]
mlh izdkj foLe;kfnckskdksa dh fxurh okD; ds vO;;ksa esa ugha gksrhA
249- fHkUu&fHkUu euksfodkj lwfpr djus ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu foLe;kfnckskd
mi;ksx esa vkrs gS]a tSls
g"kZckskd vkgk! okg ok! kU; kU;! 'kkck'k! t;! t;fr!
'kksdckskd vkg! g! gk gk! gk;! nb;k js! cki js! =kkfg =kkfg! jke
jke! gk jke!
vk'p;Zckskd okg! gSa! ,s! vksgks! okg ok! D;k!
vuqeksnuckskd Bhd! okg! vPNk! 'kkck'k! gk gk! dqN vfHkeku esa Hkyk!
frjLdkjckskd fN%! gV! vjs! nqj! fkd~! pqi!
Lohdkjckskd gk! th gk! vPNk! th! Bhd! Bhd! cgqr vPNk!
lacksku|ksrd vjs! js! NksVkssa ds fy,] vth! yks! gs! gks! D;k! vgks! D;ksa!
lw-L=kh ds fy, ^vjs* dk :i ^vjh* vkSj ^js* dk :i ^jh* gksrh gSA vkSj
cgqRo ds fy, nksuksa fyaxksa eas ^vkgks*] ^vth* vkrs gSaA
158 / fganh O;kdj.k
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^gs* ^gks* vknj vknj vkSj cgqRo ds fy, nksuksa opuksa esa vkrs gSaA ^gks* cgqkk
laKk ds vkxs vkrk gSA
^lR; gfj'panz esa L=khfyax laKk ds lkFk ^js* vk;k gS] tSlokg
s js! ^egkuqHkkork*A
;g iz;ksx v'kq) gSA
250- dbZ ,d f;k,] laKk,] fo'ks"k.k Hkh vkSj f;kfo'ks"k.k Hkh foLe;kfnckskd
gks tkrs gS(a tSlHkxoku!
s
jke jke! vPNk! yks! gV! pqi! D;ks!a [kSj! vLrq!
251- dHkh&dHkh iwjk okD; vFkok okD;ka'k foLe;kfnckskd gks tkrk gS(
tSlD;k
s ckr gS! cgqr vPNk! loZuk'k gks x;k! kU; egkjkt! D;k u gks Hkxoku
u djsA bu okD;ksa vkSj okD;ka'kksa ls euksfodkj vo'; lwfpr gksrs gSa( ijarq bUgsa
foLe;kfnckskd ekuuk Bhd ugha gSA buesa tks okD;ka'k gSa] muds v;kr 'kCnksa
ds O;Dr djus ls okD; lgt gh cu ldrs gSaA ;fn bl izdkj ds okD;ksa vkSj
okD;ka'kksa dks foLe;kfnckskd vO;; ekusa rks fQj fdlh Hkh euksfodkjlwpd okD;ksa
dks foLe;kfnckskd vO;; ekuuk gksxk( tSls ^vijkkh funksZ"k gS] ij mls Qklh
Hkh gks ldrh gSA* f'ko-A
d dksbZ&dksbZ yksx cksyus esa dqN ,sls 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] ftudh
u rks okD; esa dksbZ vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj u ftudk okD; ds vFkZ ls dksbZ
laca k jgrk gS( tSl^tks
s gS lks*] ^jke vkljs*] ^D;k dguk gS*] ^D;k uke djds*
bR;kfnA dfork esa yq] lq] fg] vgks] bR;kfn 'kCn blh izdkj ls vkrs gSa ftudks
ikniwjd dgrs gSaA ^viuk* ^vius* 'kCn Hkh blh rjg mi;ksx esa vkrs gSa( ^i<+
fy[kdj gksf'k;kj gks x;k] viuk dek [kkA* lj-A ;s lc ,d izdkj ds O;FkZ
vO;; gSa] vkSj budks vyx dj nsus ls okD;kFkZ esa dksbZ ckkk ugha vkrhA
nwljk Hkkx
'kCnlk/ku
nwljk ifjPNsn
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:ikarj
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igyk v/;k;
fyax
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252- vyx&vyx vFkZ lwfpr djus ds fy, 'kCnksa esa tks fodkj gksrs gSa]
mUgsa :ikarj dgrs gSa ns- vad91A
lw-bl Hkkx ds igys rhu v;k;ksa esa laKk ds :ikarjksa dk foospu fd;k
tk;xkA
253- laKk esa fyax( opu vkSj dkjd ds dkj.k :ikarj gksrk gSA
254- laKk ds ftl :i ls oLrq dh iq#"k ok L=kh tkfr dk cksk gksrk
gS] mls fyax dgrs gSAa fganh esa nks fyax gksrs gS1
a iqfa Yyax 'kq) 'kCn ^iqfa Yyax
ok iqafYyax* gS ij fganh esa blh izdkj fy[kus dk izpkj gS] vkSj 2 L=khfyaxA
Vh-l`f"V dh lai.w kZ oLrqvksa dh eq[; nks tkfr;kpsru vkSj tM+ gSAa
psru oLrqvksa thokkfj;ksa esa iq#"k vkSj L=kh tkfr dk Hksn gksrk gS] ijarq tM+
inkFkZ esa ;g Hksn ugha gksrkA blfy, laiw.kZ oLrqvksa dh ,d=k rhu tkfr;k gksrh
gSiqa #"k] L=kh vkSj tM+A bu rhu tkfr;ksa ds fopkj ls O;kdj.k esa muds lokpd
'kCnksa dks rhu fyaxksa esa ckVrs gS1
a iqfa Yyax] 2 L=khfyax vkSj 3 uiql
a d fyaxA
vxjsth O;kdj.k esa fyax dk fuekZ.k cgqkk ,slh O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA
laLr] ejkBh] xqtjkrh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh rhu fyax gksrs gSa] ijarq muesa dqN
tM+ inkFkks dks muds dqN fo'ks"k xq.kksa ds dkj.k lpsru eku fy;k x;k gSA ftu
inkFkks esa dBksjrk] cy] Js"Brk vkfn xq.k fn[krs gSa muesa iq#"kRo dh dYiuk djds
muds okpd 'kCnksa dks iqafYyax] vkSj ftuesa uezrk] dkseyrk] lqanjrk vkfn xq.k
fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] muesa L=khRo dh dYiuk djds muds okpd 'kCnksa dks L=khfyax dgrs
gSaA 'ks"k vizkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dks cgqkk uiqald fyax dgrs gSaA fganh esa fyax ds
fopkj ls lc tM+ inkFkks dks lpsru ekurs gSa] blfy, blesa uiqald fyax ugha
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fyax fu.kZ;
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257- fganh esa fyax dk iw.kZ fu.kZ; djuk dfBu gSA blds fy, O;kid vkSj
iwjs fu;e ugha cu ldrs] D;ksafd buds fy, Hkk"kk ds fuf'pr O;ogkj dk vkkkj
ugha gSA rFkkfi fganh esa fyaxfu.kZ; nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS1 'kCn ds vFkZ
ls vkSj 2 mlds :i lsA cgqkk izkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dk fyax vFkZ ds vuqlkj vkSj
vizkf.kokpd 'kCnksa dk fyax :i ds vuqlkj fuf'pr djrs gSaA 'ks"k 'kCnksa dk fyax
dsoy O;ogkj ds vuqlkj ekuk tkrk gS( vkSj blds fy, O;kdj.k ls iw.kZ lgk;rk
ugha fey ldrhA
258- ftu izkf.kokpd laKkvksa ls tksM+s dk Kku gksrk gS] muesa iq#"kokpd
laKk, iqa Yyx vkSj L=khckskd laKk, L=khfyax gksrh gS(a tSliqs #"k] ?kksM+k] eksj] bR;kfn
iqafYyax gSa( vkSj L=kh] ?kksM+h] eksjuh bR;kfn L=khfyax gSaA
vi-^larku* vkSj ^lokjh* ;k=kh L=khfyax gSAa
lw-f'k"V yksxksa esa L=kh ds fy, ^?kj ds yksx*iqfa Yyax 'kCncksyk tkrk
gSA laLr esa ^nkj* L=kh 'kCn dk iz;ksx iqafYyax] cgqopu esa gksrk gSA
d dbZ ,d euq";srj izkf.kokpd laKkvksa ls nksuksa tkfr;ksa dk cksk gksrk
gS( ij os O;ogkj ds vuqlkj fuR; iqa Yyx ok L=khfyax gksrh gS]a tSls
iq-i{kh] mYyw] dkSvk] HksfM+;k] phrk] [kVey] dspv
q k bR;kfnA
L=khphy] dks;y] cVsj] eSuk] fxygjh] tksd
a ] frryh] eD[kh] eNyh bR;kfnA
bu 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx esa yksx bl ckr dh fpark ugha djrs fd buds okP;
izk.kh iq#"k gSa ok L=khA bl izdkj ds mnkgj.kksa dks ,dfyax dg ldrs gSaA dgha&dgha
^gkFkh* dks L=khfyax esa cksyrs gSa] ij ;g iz;ksx v'kq) gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 161
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bo
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t.c
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1- fganh 'kCn
iaqYyx
t.c
om
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
lo
gs
po
L=khfyax
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
iqaYyx
t.c
om
2- laLr 'kCn
lo
gs
po
i.b
L=khfyax
Bo
ok
hi
nd
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
iqaYyx
t.c
om
3- mnwZ 'kCn
lo
gs
po
v ftuds var esa ^vkc* gksrk gS( tSlxqs ykc] fglkc] tokc] dckc]
bR;kfnA
vi-'kjkc] fegjkc] fdrkc] de[kkc] rkc bR;kfnA
vk ftuds var esa ^vkj* ;k ^vku* gksrk gS( tSlcktkj]
s
bdjkj] bf'rgkj]
>udkj] vglku] edku] lkeku] bfErgku bR;kfnA
vi-nwdku] ljdkj 'kkldoxZ] rdjkjA
b ftlds var esa ^g* gksrk gSA fganh esa ^g* cgqkk ^vk* gksdj vaR; Loj
esa fey tkrk gS( tSlijnk]
s
xqLlk] fdLlk] jkrk] p'ek] rex% vi- rexk bR;kfnA
vi-nQkA
L=khfyax
Bo
ok
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i.b
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
rRle 'kCn
fga- fyaL=khmHk;L=khL=khiq-a
ia-q
L=khmHk;mHk;L=khL=khiq-a
L=kh-
lo
gs
po
la- fyax
iq-a
ia-q
uuL=khL=khiq-a
uia-q
uia-q
L=khia-q
i.b
'kCn
vfXu vkx
vkRek
vk;qt;
rkjk
nsork
nsg
iqLrd
iou
oLrq
jkf'k
O;f
'kiFk
t.c
om
esa ik, tkrs gSaA laLr esa iqaYyx ;k uiaqld fyax fganh esa cgqkk iqaYyx vkSj
L=khfyax 'kCn cgqkk L=khfyax gksrs gSaA rFkkfi dbZ ,d rRle vkSj rn~Hko 'kCnksa
dk ewy fyax fganh esa cny x;k gS( tSls
rn~Hko 'kCn
la- fyaiq-a
L=khiq-a
ia-q
iq-a
iq-a
iq-a
ok
hi
nd
rRle
vkS"kk
vkS"kfk
'kiFk
ckgq
fcanq
rarq
vf{k
rn~Hko
vkS"kfk
fga- fyaL=kh-
lkSg
ckg
cqna
rkr
vk.k
L=khL=khL=khL=khL=kh-
Bo
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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L=khizR;;
1- fganh 'kCn
Bo
ok
268- vc mu fodkjksa dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gS tks laKkvksa esa fyax ds dkj.k
gksrs gSAa fganh esa iqa Yyx ls L=khfyax cukus ds fy, uhps fy[ks izR;; vkrs gSa
bZ] b;k] bu] uh] vkuh] vkbu] vkA
269- izkf.kokpd vkdkjkar iqaYyx laKkvksa ds vaR; Loj ds cnys ^bZ* yxkbZ
tkrh gS( tSls
168 / fganh O;kdj.k
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yM+dkyM+dh
?kksMk+ ?kksMh+
csVkcsVh
cdjkcdjh
iqrykiqryh
xkkxkh
psykpsyh
phaVkphaVh
v laca kokpd 'kCn blh oxZ esa vkrs gS(a tSls
dkdkdkdh
ukukukuh
ekekekeh] ekbZ
lkyklkyh
nknknknh
HkrhtkHkrhth
vktkvkth
HkkutkHkkuth
lw-^ekek* dk L=khfyax ^eqekuh* eqlyekuksa eas izpfyr gSA
vkfujknj ;k izse esa dgha&dgha ^bZ* ds cnys ^b;k* vkrk gS vkSj ;fn
vaR;k{kj f}Ro gks rks igys O;atu dk yksi gks tkrk gS] tSls
dqkkdqfr;k
cqM<~ kcqf<+;k
cPNkcfN;k
csVkfcfV;k
b euq";srj izkf.kokpd =k;{kjh 'kCnksa es(a tSls
canjcanjh
fgjufgjuh
dqdjdqdjh
xhnM+xhnM+h
es<a d
+ es<a d
+ h
rhrjrhrjh
lw-;g izR;; laLr 'kCnksa esa Hkh vkrk gSA
270- czk.ksrj o.kZokpd ;k O;olk;okpd vkSj equ";srj dqN izkf.kokpd
laKkvksa ds vaR; Loj esa ^bu* yxk;k tkrk gS( tSls
lqukjlqukfju
ukrhukfru
yqgkjyqgkfju
vghjvghfju
kkschkksfcu
ck?kckf?kujke-
rsyhrsfyu
dqt
M+kdqt
fM+u
lkilkfiujke-
v dbZ ,d laKkvksa esa ^uh* yxrh gS( tSls
VVuh
ck?kckf?kuh
gkFkhgFkuh
eksjeksjuh
jhNjhNuh
flagflaguh
VgyqvkVgyuh lj-
fganfga
q noq h lr-
271- miukeokpd iqaYyx 'kCnksa ds var esa ^vkbu* vkns'k gksrk gS( vkSj
tks vkfn v{kj dk Loj ^vk* gks rks mls Lo dj nsrs gS(a tSls
ikMi+s Mk+ bu
ckcwccqvkbu
nwcnqs ckbu
BkdqjBdqjkbu
ikBdiBdkbu
cfu;kcfu;kbu
fefljfefljkbu
ykykyykbu
lqdyq lqdyq kbu
v dbZ ,d 'kCn ds var esa ^vkuh* yxkrs gS(a tSls
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[k=kh[krjkuh
nsojnsojkuh
lsBlsBkuh
tsBftBkuh
fegrjfegrjkuh
pkSkjhpkSkjkuh
iafMriafMrkuh
ukSdjukSdjkuh
lw-;g izR;; laLr dk gSA
vk vktdy fookfgrk fL=k;ksa ds ukeksa ds lkFk dHkh&dHkh iq#"kksa ds
iqfa Yayx miuke yxk, tkrs gS(a tSlJherh
s
jkes'ojhnsoh usg: fg- dks-A dqekjh
fL=k;ksa ds uke ds lkFk miuke dk L=khfyax :i vkrk gS( tSl^dq
s ekjh lR;orh
'kkfL=k.kh* lj-A
272-dHkh&dHkh inkFkZokpd vdkjkar o vkdkjkar 'kCnksa esa lw{erk ds vFkZ
esa ^bZ* ok ^b;k* izR;; yxkdj L=khfyax cukrs gS(a tSls
jLlkjLlh
xxjkxxjh] xxfj;k
?kaVk?kaVh
fMCckfMCch] fMfc;k
VksdjkVksdjh
QksMk+ QqfM+;k
yksVkyksfV;k
yByfB;k
d iwoksZDr fu;e ds fo#) inkFkZokpd vdkjkar ok bZdkjkar 'kCnksa esa
fouksn ds fy, LFkwyrk ds vFkZ esa ^vk* tksM+dj iqaYyx cukrs gSa( tSls]
?kM+h?kM+k
MkyMkyk
xBjhxBjk
ygjygjk Hkk"kklkj-
fpV~BhfpV~Bk
xqnM+hxqnM+k
273- dksbZ dksbZ iqaYyx 'kCn L=khfyax 'kCnksa esa izR;; yxkus ls curs gSa(
tSls
HksMHks+ Mk+
cfgucguksbZ
jkMjMv
q k
HkSla HkSla k
uunuunksbZ
thththtk
274- dbZ ,d L=khizR;;kar vkSj L=khfyax 'kCn vFkZ dh n`f"V ls dsoy
fL=k;ksa ds fy, vkrs gSa] blfy, muds tksM+s ds iaqYyx 'kCn Hkk"kk esa izpfyr ugha
gS( tSllrh]
s
xkfHku] xHkZorh] lkSr] lqgkfxu] vfgokrh] kk;] bR;kfnA izk;% blh
izdkj ds 'kCn Mkbu] pqM+Sy] vIljk vkfn gSaA
275- dqN 'kCn :i esa ijLij tksM+s ds tku iM+rs gSa] ij ;FkkFkZ esa muds
vFkZ vyx vyx gS(a tSls
lkM+ cSy] lkMu+ h Vuh] lkfM+;k V dk cPpk A
Mkdw pksj] Mkfdu] Mkfduh pqM+SyA
HksM+ HksM+s dh eknk] HksfM+;k ,d fgald thokkjh] c`dA
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t.c
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2- laLr 'kCn
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3- mnwZ 'kCn
Bo
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281- vfkdka'k mnZw iaq Yyx 'kCnksa esa fganh izR;; yxk, tkrs gS(a tSlbZs
'kkgtknk'kkgtknh( eqxkZeqxhZA
uh'ksj'ksjuhA
vkuhfegrjfegrjkuh] eqYykeqYykuhA
282- dbZ ,d vjch 'kCnksa esa vjch izR;; ^g* tksM+k tkrk gS tks fganh
esa ^vk* gks tkrk gS( tSls
okfynokfynk
[kkyw[kkyk
efydefydk
lkgclkgck
eqbZeqb;k
d ^[kku* dh L=khfyax ^[kkue* vkSj csx dh ^csxe* gksrk gSA
283- dqN vxjsth 'kCnksa esa ^bu* yxkrs gS(a tSls
ekLVjekLVfju
MkDVjMkDVfju
baLisDVjbaLisDVfju
284- fganh esa dbZ ,d iqaYyx 'kCnksa ds L=khfyax 'kCn nwljs gh gksrs gSa] tSls
jktkjkuh
iq#"kL=kh
firkekrk
enZ] vknehvkSjr
llqjlkl
iq=kdU;k
lkyklkyh] ljgt
ojokw
HkkbZcfgu] Hkkot
csVkcgw] irksgw
yksxyqxkbZ
lkgcesevxjsth
ujeknk
ckckckbZ Dofpr~
lw-ftu iqa Yyx 'kCnksa ds nks&nks L=khfyax :i gS]a muesa cgqkk vFkZ dk varj
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ik;k tkrk gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd L=khfyax ls dsoy L=kh tkfr gh dk cksk ugha
gksrk] oju~ mlls fdlh dh L=kh dk Hkh vFkZ lwfpr gksrk gSA ^psyh* dgus ls dsoy
nhf{krk L=kh dk gh cksk ugha gksrk] oju~ psys dh L=kh Hkh lwfpr gksrh gS] pkgs
ml L=kh us nh{kk u Hkh yh gksA tgk ,d gh L=khfyax 'kCn ls ;s nksuksa vFkZ lwfpr
ugha gksrs ogk L=khfyax esa cgqkk nks 'kCn vkrs gSaA ^lkyh* 'kCn ls dsoy L=kh dh
cfgu dk cksk gksrk gS] lkys dh L=kh dk ugha] blfy, bl fiNys vFkZ esa ^ljgt*
'kCn vkrk gSA blh izdkj ^HkkbZ* 'kCn dk nwljk L=khfyax ^Hkkot* gS tks HkkbZ dh
L=kh dk ckskd gSA ;g 'kCn ^laLr* Hkzkr`tk;k ls cuk gSA ^Hkkot* ds nwljs :i
^HkkStkbZ* vkSj ^HkkHkh* gSaA ^csVh* dk ifr ^nkekn* ;k ^tokbZ* dgykrk gSA
285- ,dfyax izkf.kokpd 'kCnksa easa iq#"k vkSj L=kh tkfr dk Hksn djus ds
fy, muds iwoZ e'k% ^iq#"k* vkSj ^L=kh* rFkk euq";srj izkf.kokpd 'kCnksa ds igys
^uj* vkSj ^eknk* yxkrs gS(a tSliqs #"k Nk=k] L=kh Nk=k] uj phy] eknk phy] uj
HksfM+;k] eknk HksfM+;k bR;kfnA ^eknk* 'kCn dks dksbZ dksbZ ^eknh* cksyrs gSaA ;g
'kCn mnwZ dk gSA
nwljk v/;k;
i.b
opu
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286- laKk vkSj nwljs fodkjh 'kCnksa ds ftl :i ls la[;k dk cks/k gksrk
gS mls opu dgrs gSAa fganh esa nks opu gksrs gSa
1 ,dopu
2 cgqopu
287- laKk ds ftl :i ls ,d gh oLrq dk cksk gksrk gS] mls ,dopu
dgrs gS(a tSlyM+
s dk] diM+k] Vksih] jax] :iA
288- laKk ds ftl :i ls vfkd oLrqvksa dk cksk gksrk gS mls cgqopu
dgrs gS(a tSlyM+
s d]s diM+]s Vksfi;k] jaxksa es]a :iksa ls bR;kfnA
v vknj ds fy, Hkh cgqopu vkrk gS( tSl^jktk
s
ds cM+s csVs vk, gSAa *
^d.o _f"k rks czpkjh gSa* 'kdq-A ^rqe cPps gks* f'ko-A
Vh-fganh ds dbZ ,d O;kdj.kksa esa opu dk foLrkj dkjd ds lkFk fd;k
x;k gS] ftldk dkj.k ;g gS fd cgqr ls 'kCnksa esa cgqopu ds izR;; foHkf;ksa
ds fcuk ugha yxk, tkrsA ^ewy jax rhu gS*a bl okD; esa ^jax 'kCn cgqopu gS]
ij ;g ckr dsoy f;k ls rFkk foks;&fo'ks"k.k ^rhu* ls tkuh tkrh gS] ij Lo;a
^jax* 'kCn esa cgqopu dk dksbZ fp ugha gS D;ksafd ;g 'kCn foHkfjfgr gSA foHkf
fganh O;kdj.k / 173
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hi
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yM+dkyM+ds
cPpkcPps
ch?kkch?ks
diM+kdiM+s
yksVkyksVs
?kksMk+ ?kksMs+
nwkokyknwkokys
vi-1 lkyk] Hkkutk] Hkrhtk] csVk vkfn 'kCnksa dks NksMd
+ j 'ks"k laca kokpd]
miukeokpd vkSj izfr"Bkokpd vkdkjkar iqaYyx 'kCnksa dk :i nksuksa opuksa esa
,d gh jgrk gS( tSldkdkdkdk]
s
vktkvktk] ekekekek] ykykykyk]
ckck] ukuk] nknk] jkuk] iaMk miuke] lwjek bR;kfnA
lw-^ckinknk* 'kCn dk :ikarj oSdfYid gS( tSl^muds
s
ckinkns gekjs
ckinkns ds vkxs gkFk tksM+ ds ckrsa fd;k djrs Fks* xqVdk- ^ckinkns tks dj x,
gSa] ogh djuk pkfg,* BsB-A ^ftuds ckinknk HksM+ dh vkokt lqudj Mj tkrs
Fks* f'ko-A eqf[k;k] vxqvk vkSj iqj[kk 'kCnksa ds Hkh :i oSdfYid gSaA
vi-2 laLr dh _dkjkar vkSj udkjkar laKk, tks fganh esa vkdkjkar
gks tkrh gS]a cgqopu esa vfor jgrh gS(a tSldrkZ
s ] firk] ;ks)k] jktk] ;qok]
vkRek] nsork] tkekrkA
dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd ^jktk* 'kCn dk cgqopu ^jkts* fy[krs gS(a tSl^rhu
s
izFke
jkts* baXySaM-A fganh O;kdj.kksa esa cgqopu :i ^jktk* gh ik;k tkrk gS vkSj dqN
LFkkuksa dks NksM+] cksypky esa Hkh loZ=k ^jktk* gh izpfyr gSA ge ;gk 'kCnksa ds
f'k"V iz;ksx ds dqN mnkgj.k nsrs gS^lc
a jktk viuh&viuh lsuk ys vku igqp *s
izse-A ^ge lqurs gSa fd jktk cgqr jkfu;ksa ds I;kjs gksrs gSa* 'kdq-A ^NIiu jktk
rks mlds oa'k esa xh ij cSBs pqds gSaA* bfr-A ^flagklu ds ij lSdM+ksa jktk
cSBs gq, gSa* j?kq-A
^;ks)k* 'kCn dk cgqopu fganh j?kqoa'k esa ,d txg ^;ks)s* vk;k* gS(
tSleas =kh cgqr ls ;ks)s nsdj*( ijarq vU; ys[kdksa us cgqopu esa ^;ks)k* gh fy[kk
gS( tSl^ftrus
s
?kk;y ;ks)k cps Fks* izes -A ^cM+&s cM+s ;ks)k [kM+*s lk[kh-A
^egkHkkjr* esa Hkh ^;ks)k* 'kCn cgqopu esa fy[kk x;k gS( tSl^vtq
s uZ us dkSjoksa
ds vufxur ;ks)k vkSj lSfud ekj fxjk,A*
lw-;fn ;kSfxd 'kCnksa dk iwoZ 'kCn fganh dk vkSj vkdkjkar iqa Yyx gks
rks mkj 'kCn ds lkFk cgqopu esa mldk Hkh :ikarj gksrk gS( tSlyM+
s dk&cPpkyM+d&s
cPps] Nkik[kkuk&Nkis[kkus bR;kfnA vi-^ckyk[kkuk* dk cgqopu ^cky[kkus* gksrk gSA
vi-3 O;fDrokpd vkdkjkar iqa Yyx laKk, cgqopu esa ns- vad298
vfor jgrh gS(a tSllqs nkek] 'krkUok] jkecksyk bR;kfnA
290- fganh vkdkjkar iqaYyx 'kCnksa dks NksM+ 'ks"k fganh vkSj laLr iqaYyx
'kCn nksuksa opuksa esa ,d :i jgrs gS(a tSls
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xk;xk;sa
jkrjkrsa
ckrckrsa
>hy>hysa
lw-laLr esa vdkjkar L=khfyax 'kCn ugha gS]a ij fganh esa laLr ds tks
FkksM+s ls O;atukar L=khfyax 'kCn vkrs gS]a os cgqkk vdkjkar gks tkrs gS(a tSllfek~
s
lfek] lfjr~=lfjr] vkf'kl~=vkf'kl bR;kfnA
292- bdkjkar vkSj bZdkjkar laKkvksa esa ^bZ* dks Lo djds vaR; Loj ds
i'pkr~ ^;k* tksMr+ s gS(a tSls
VksihVksfi;k
frfFkfrfFk;k
jkuhjkfu;k
jhfrjhfr;k
unhufn;k
jkf'kjkf'k;k
lw-1 fganh esa bdkjkar L=khfyax laKk, laLr dh gS]a vkSj bZdkjkar laKk,
laLr vkSj fganh nksuksa dh gSaA
lw-2 ^ijh{kk xq#* esa bZdkjkar laKkvksa dk cgqopu ;s*a yxkdj cuk;k
x;k gS( tSlVks
s fi;s*a A ;g :i vktdy vizpfyr gSA
v ;kdkjkar uokpd laKkvksa ds var esa dsoy vuqLokj yxk;k tkrk
gS( tSls
yfB;kykfB;k
fMfc;kfMfc;k
yqfV;kyqfV;k
xqfM+;kxqfM+;k
cqf<+;kcqf<+;k
[kfV;k[kfV;k
lw-dbZ yksx bu 'kCnksa dk cgqopu ^;s* ok ^,* yxkdj cukrs gS]a tSls
fpfM+;k,] dqaMfy;k, bR;kfnA ;s :i v'kq) gSaA bldk cgqopu mUgha bdkjkar 'kCnksa
ds leku gksrk gS] ftuls ;s cus gSaA
293- 'ks"k L=khfyax 'kCnksa esa vaR; Loj ds ijs ^,* yxkrs gSa vkSj ^* Lo
dj nsrs gS(a tSls
yrkyrk,
oLrqoLrq,
dFkkdFkk,
cgwcgq,
ekrkekrk,
xkSxkS,
ywyw, lr-
lw-fganh esa izpfyr vkdkjkar vkSj mdkjkar L=khfyax 'kCn laLr ds gSAa
laLr dh dqN _dkjkar vkSj O;atukar L=khfyax laKk, fganh esa vkdkjkar gks tkrh
gS(a tSlekr`
s ekrk] nqfgr`nqfgrk] lheu~lhek] vIljl~vIljk bR;kfnA
1 vkdkjkar L=khfyax 'kCnksa ds cgqopu esa fodYi ls ^;sa* yxkrs gSaA
tSl'kkyk'kkyk;s
s
]a ekrkekrk;s]a vIljkvIljk;sa bR;kfnA
2 lkuqLokj vksdkjkar vkSj vkSdkjkar laKk, cgqopu esa cgqkk vfor
jgrh gS( tSlnkS
s ]a tks[kks]a ljlks]a xkSa bR;kfnA fganh esa ;s 'kCn cgqr de gaAS
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2- mnwZ 'kCn
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294- dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd vdkjkar L=khfyax laKkvksa dks NksM+ 'ks"k L=khfyax
laKkvksa dks nksuksa opuksa esa ,d gh :i esa fy[krs gS(a tSl^dks
s bZ ns'kksa esa ,slh oLrq
mitrh gS* thfodk-A ^BkSj BkSj fgxksV dwVus dh fpduh f'kyk j[kh gSa* 'kdq-A
^ikrh gSa nq[k tgk jktdqy gh esa ukjh* d-t-A ;s iz;ksx vuqdj.kh; ugha gSaA
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295- fganhxr mnwZ 'kCnksa dk cgqopu cukus ds fy, muesa cgqkk fganh izR;;
yxk, tkrs gS(a tSl'kkgtknk'kkgtkns
s
] csxecsxes]a bR;kfn( ijarq dkuwuh fganh
ds ys[kd mnwZ 'kCn vkSj dHkh&dHkh fganh 'kCnksa esa Hkh mnwZ izR;; yxkdj Hkk"kk
dks fDy"V dj nsrs gSAa mnwZ Hkk"kk ds cgqopu ds fu;e ;gk fy[ks tkrs gSa
1 Qkjlh izkf.kokpd laKkvksa dk cgqopu cgqkk] ^vkuk* yxkus ls curk
gS( tSllkgclkgcku]
s
ekfydekfydku] dk'rdkjdk'rdkjku bR;kfnA
v vaR; ^g* ds cnys ^x* vkSj ^bZ* ds cnys ^b;* gks tkrk gS( tSlcas ngcanxku]
ckf'kangckf'kanxku] iVokjhiVokfj;ku] eqRlheqRlf;ku bR;kfnA
2 Qkjlh vizkf.kokpd laKkvksa dk cgqopu ^gk* yxkdj cukrs gSa(
tSlckjckjgk(]
s
dwpdwpgk bR;kfnA
3 Qkjlh vizkf.kokpd laKkvksa dk cgqopu vjch dh udy ij cgqkk
^vkr* yxkdj Hkh cukrs gS(a tSldkxtdkxtkr]
s
fng xko fngkr bR;kfnA
v vaR; ^g* ds cnys ^t* gks tkrk gS( tSlijokugijokutkr]
s
ukeguketkr bR;kfnA
4 vjch O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj cgqopu nks izdkj dk gksrk gS
d fu;fer] [k vfu;ferA
d fu;fer cgqopu 'kCn ds var esa ^vkr* yxkus ls curk gS( tSl[;ky
s
[;kykr] bf[r;kjbf[r;kjkr] edkuedkukr] eqdekeqdekr bR;kfnA
[k vfu;fer cgqopu cukus ds fy, 'kCn ds vkfn] e; vkSj var esa
:ikarj gksrk gS( tSlgqs Devgdke] gkfdegqDdke] dk;nkdokbn bR;kfnA
5 vjch vfu;fer cgqopu dbZ ^otuks*a ij curk gS
v vQvky( tSls
gqDevgdke
rjQvrjkQ
oDrvkSdkr
[kcjv[kckj
gkyvgoky
'kjhQv'kjkQ
vk Qqy( tSlgdgq
s dd
w
b Qqvyk( tSlvehjmejk
s
bZ vQbyk( tSloyhvkS
s
fy;k
178 / fganh O;kdj.k
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m Qqvvky( tSlgkfdegq
s
Ddke
Qvkby( tSlvthcvtkbc
s
_ Qokby( tSldk;nkdokbn
s
, Qvkfyv( tSltkS
s gjtokfgj
,s Qvkyhy( tSlrkjh[krokjh[k
s
6 dHkh&dHkh ,d vjch ,dopu ds nqgjs cgqopu curs gSa] tSls
tkSgjtokfgjkr] gqDevgdkekr] nokvnfo;kr bR;kfnA
7 dqN vjch cgqopu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fganh esa ,dopu esa gksrk gS]
tSlokfjnkr]
s
rgdhdkr] v[kckj] v'kjQ] dokbn] rokjh[k bfrgkl] vkSfy;k(
vkSdkr fLFkfr] vgoky bR;kfnA
8 dbZ ,d mnwZ vkdkjkar iaqYyx 'kCn] laLr vkSj fganh 'kCnksa ds leku
cgqopu esa vfor jgrs gS(a tSllkS
s nk] nfj;k] fe;k] ekSyk nkjksxk bR;kfnA
296- ftu euq";okpd iqaYyx 'kCn ds :i nksuksa opuksa esa ,d ls gksrs
gS]a muds cgqopu esa cgqkk ^yksx* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gS(a tSl^;s
s _f"k yksx
vkids lEeq[k pys vkrs gSa* 'kdq-A ^vk;Z yksx lw;Z mikld Fks* bfr-A ^;ks)k
yksx ;fn fpYykdj vius&vius Lokfe;ksa dk uke u crkrs* j?kq-A
v ^yksx* 'kCn equ";okpd iqaYyx laKkvksa ds for cgqopu ds lkFk
Hkh vkrk gSA tSl^yM+
s ds yksx*] ^psys yksx*] ^cfu;s yksx* bR;kfnA
vk Hkkjrsanq th ^yksx* 'kCn dk iz;ksx euq";srj izkf.k;ksa ds ukeksa ds lkFk
Hkh djrs gS(a tSl^i{kh
s
yksx* lR;-A ^fpmVh yksx* eqnkz -A ;g iz;ksx ,dns'kh; gSA
297- ^yksx* 'kCn ds flok xq.k] tkfr] tu] oxZ] vkfn lewgokpd laLr
'kCn cgqopu ds vFkZ esa vkrs gSAa bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dk gS
x.k ;g 'kCn cgqkk euq";ksa] nsorkvksa vkSj xzgksa ds ukeksa ds lkFk vkrk
gS] tSlnss orkx.k] vIljkx.k] ckydx.k] f'k{kdx.k] rkjkx.k] xzgx.k bR;kfnA
^if{kx.k* Hkh iz;ksx esa vkrk gSA ^jkepfjrekul* esa ^bafnz;x.k* vk;k gSA
oxZ] tkfr ;s 'kCn ^tkfr* ds ckskd gSa tks cgqkk izkf.kokpd 'kCnksa ds lkFk
vkrs gS(a tSleuq
s ";tkfr] L=khtkfr 'kdq-] tudtkfr jke-] i'kqtkfr] cakqoxZ]
ikBdoxZ bR;kfnA bu la;q 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cgqkk cgqopu esa gksrk gSA
tu bldk iz;ksx cgqkk equ";okpd 'kCnksa ds lkFk gS( tSlHktu]
s
xq#tu
L=khtu] bR;kfnA
v dfork esa bu lewgokpd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx cgqrk;r ls gksrk gS vkSj
mlesa buds dbZ i;kZ;okph 'kCn vkrs gS(a tSleqs fuo`na ] e`xfudj] tarl
q d
a y
q ]
v?kvks?k bR;kfnA lewgokpd 'kCnksa ds vkSj mnkgj.kc:Fk] iqt
a ] leqnk;] lewg]
fudk;A
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298- laKkvksa ds rhu Hksnksa esa ls cgqkk tkfrokpd laKk, gh cgqopu esa
vkrh gSa( ijarq tc O;fDrokpd vkSj Hkkookpd laKkvksa dk iz;ksx tkfrokpd
laKk ds leku gksrk gS] rc mldk Hkh cgqopu gksrk gS( tSl^dgq
s jko.k] jko.k
tx dsrs* jke-A ^mBrh cqjh gS Hkkouk, gk; eu )ke esa* d-d-A
ns- vad105] 107
vk tc ^iu* izR;;kar Hkkookpd laKkvksa dk cgqopu cukuk gksrk gS]
rc muds vkdkjkar ewy 'kCn esa ^vk* ds LFkku ij ^,* vkns'k dj nsrs gSa(
tSllhkkiu]
s
lhksiu vkfnA
299- cgqkk nzO;okpd laKkvksa dk cgqopu ugha gksrk] ijarq tc fdlh nzO;
dh fHkUu&fHkUu tkfr;k lwfpr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS rc bu laKkvksa dk
iz;ksx cgqopu esa gksrk gS( tSl^vktdy
s
cktkj esa dbZ rsy fcdrs gSAa * ^nksuksa
lksus pks[ks gSaA*
300- inkFkks dh cM+h la[;k] ifjek.k ok lewg lwfpr djus ds fy, tkfrokpd
laKkvksa dh iz;ksx cgqkk ,dopu esa gksrk gS( tSl^es
s ys esa dsoy 'kgj dk vkneh
vk;kA* ^mlds ikl cgqr #i;k feykA* ^bl lky ukjaxh cgqr gqbZ gSA*
301- dbZ ,d 'kCn cgqr dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k cgqkk cgqopu gh esa vkrs
gS(a tSllekpkj]
s
izk.k] nke] yksx] gks'k] fgTts] HkkX;] n'kZuA mnkgj.k^fjiq ds
lekpkjA* ^vkJe ds n'kZu djds* 'kdq-A ^ey;dsrq ds izk.k lw[k x,* eqnzk-A
vke ds vke( xqBfy;ksa ds nke* dgk-A ^rsjs HkkX; [kqy x,* 'kdq-A ^yksx dgrs gSAa *
302- vknjkFkZ cgqopu esa O;fokpd vFkok miukeokpd laKkvksa ds vkxs
th] egkjkt] lkgc] egk'k;] egksn;] cgknqj] 'kkL=kh] Lokeh] nsoh bR;kfn yxkrs
gSAa bu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx vyx&vyx gS
th ;g 'kCn uke] miuke] in] miin bR;kfn ds lkFk vkrk gS vkSj lkkkj.k
ukSdj ls ysdj nsork rd ds fy, bldk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSlx;k
s izlknth] feJth]
ckcwth] iVokjhth] pkSkjhth] jkuhth] lhrkth] x.ks'kthA dHkh&dHkh bldk iz;ksx
uke vkSj miuke ds chp gksrk gS( tSleFkq
s jkizlknth feJA
egkjkt bldk iz;ksx lkkq] czk.k] jktk vkSj nsork ds fy, gksrk gSA og
'kCn uke vFkok miuke ds vkxs tksM+k tkrk gS vkSj cgqkk ^th* ds i'pkr~ vkrk
gS( tSlnss onk egkjkt] ikaM;s th egkjkt] j.kthr flag egkjkt] banz egkjkt bR;kfnA
lkgc;g mnwZ 'kCn cgqkk ^th* ds i;kZ; esa vkrk gSA bldk iz;ksx ukeksa
ds lkFk vFkok miukeksa ok inksa ds lkFk gksrk gS( tSlje.kyky
s
lkgc] odhy
lkgc] MkWDVj lkgc] jk;cgknqj lkgcA bldk iz;ksx cgqkk czk.kksa ds ukeksa ok
miukeksa ds lkFk ugha gksrkA fL=k;ksa ds fy, izk;% L=khfyax ^lkgck* 'kCn vkrk
gS( tSless e lkgck] jkuh lkgck bR;kfnA
180 / fganh O;kdj.k
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rhljk v/;k;
dkjd
Bo
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bl okD; esa ^jkepanzth us*] ^leqnz ij*] ^canjksa ls* vkSj ^iqy* laKkvksa ds
:ikarj gSa] ftuds }kjk bu laKkvksa dk lacak ^ckok fn;k* f;k ds lkFk lwfpr
gksrk gSA ^ty ds* ^ty* laKk dk :ikarj gS vkSj mlls ^ty* dk lacak ^leqnz*
ls ekuk tkrk gSA blfy, ^jkepanzth us*] ^leqnz ij*] ^ty ds*] ^canjksa ls* vkSj
^iqy* laKkvksa ds dkjd dgykrs gSaA dkjd lwfpr djus ds fy, laKk ;k loZuke
ds vkxs tks izR;; yxk, tkrs gSa] mUgsa foHkf;k dgrs gSaA foHkf ds ;ksx ls
cus gq, :i foHkDR;ar 'kCn ok in dgykrs gSaA
Vh-ftl vFkZ esa ^dkjd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx laLr O;kdj.kksa esa gksrk gS]
ml vFkZ esa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx ;gk ugha gqvk gS vkSj u og vFkZ vfkdka'k fganh
O;kdj.kksa esa ekuk x;k gSA dsoy ^Hkk"kkronhfidk* vkSj ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa] ftuds
ys[kd egkjk"Vh gSa] ejkBh O;kdj.k dh :f<+ ds vuqlkj] ^dkjd* vkSj ^foHkf*
'kCnksa dk iz;ksx izk;% laLr ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k gSA laLr esa f;k ds lkFk1
laKk loZuke vkSj fo'ks"k.k ds vUo; lacak dks dkjd dgrs gSa vkSj muds
ftl :i ls ;g vUo; lwfpr gksrk gS] mls foHkf dgrs gSaA foHkf esa tks izR;;
yxk, tkrs gSa] os foHkf izR;; dgykrs gSaA laLr esa lkr foHkf;k vkSj Ng
dkjd ekus tkrs gSaA "k"Bh foHkf dks laLr oS;kdj.k dkjd ugha ekurs] D;ksafd
mldk lacak f;k ls ugha gSA
laLr esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dks vyx ekuus dk lcls cM+k vkSj eq[;
dkj.k ;g gS fd ,d gh foHkf dbZ dkjdksa esa vkrh gSA ;g ckr fganh esa Hkh
gS( tSl?kj
s fxjk] fdlku ?kj cukrk gS] ?kj cuk;k tkrk gS] yM+dk ?kj x;kA
bu okD;ksa esa ?kj 'kCn laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj ,d gh :i foHkf esa
vkdj f;k ds lkFk vyx&vyx lacak dkjd lwfpr djrk gSA bl n`f"V ls
dkjd vkSj foHkf vo'; gh vyx&vyx gSa vkSj laLr ljh[kh :ikarj'khy vkSj
iw.kZ Hkk"kk esa budk Hksn ekuuk lgt vkSj mfpr gSA
fganh esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dks ,d ekuus dh pky dnkfpr~ vxjsth O;kdj.k
dk Qy gS] D;ksafd lcls izFke fganh O;kdj.k2 iknjh vkne lkgc us fy[kk FkkA
bl O;kdj.k esa ^dkjd* 'kCn vk;k gS] ijarq ^foHkf* 'kCn dk uke iqLrd Hkj
esa dgha ugha gSA nks&,d ys[kdksa ds fy[kus ij Hkh vkt rd ds fganh O;kdj.kksa
esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dk varj ugha ekuk x;k gSA fganh oS;kdj.kksa ds fopkj
esa bu nksuksa 'kCnksa ds vFkZ dh ,drk ;gk rd fLFkj gks xbZ gS fd O;klth ljh[ks
laLr ds fo}ku~ us Hkh ^Hkk"kkizHkkdj*3 esa foHkf ds cnys ^dkjd* 'kCn dk iz;ksx
Bo
1- f;kUof;Roa dkjdRoaA
2- ;g ,d cgqr gh NksVh iqLrd gS vkSj blds izk;% izR;sd i`"B esa Hkk"kk dh fons'kh v'kqf);k ikbZ
tkrh gSaA rFkkfi blesa O;kdj.k ds dbZ 'kq) vkSj mi;ksxh fu;e fn, x, gSaA
3- ;g iqLrd rkj.kiqj ds tehankj ckcw jkepj.kflag dh fy[kh gqbZ gS ijarq bldk la'kksku LoxZoklh
ia- vafcdknk O;kl us fd;k FkkA
182 / fganh O;kdj.k
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fd;k gSA gky easa ia- xksfoanukjk;.k feJ us vius ^foHkf fopkj* esa fy[kk gS
fd ^^LoxhZ; ia- nkeksnj 'kkL=kh ls gh] laHko gS fd lcls igys Lojfpr O;kdj.k
esa drkZ] deZ] dj.k vkfn dkjdksa ds iz;ksx dk ;Fkksfpr [kaMu dj izFkek] f}rh;k
vkfn foHkf 'kCn dk iz;ksx muds cnys esa djus ds lkFk gh bldk ;qf;q
izfriknu Hkh fd;k FkkA** bl rjg ls bl cgqr gh iqjkuh Hkwy dks lqkkjus dh
vksj vktdy ys[kdksa dk ;ku gqvk gSA vc gesa ;g ns[kuk pkfg, fd bl Hkwy
dks lqkkjus ls fganh O;kdj.k dks D;k ykHk gks ldrk gSA
fganh esa laKkvksa dh foHkf;ksa :iksa dh la[;k laLr dh vis{kk cgqr
de gS vkSj fodYi ls cgqkk dbZ ,d laKkvksa dh foHkf;ksa dk yksi gks tkrk
gSA laKkvksa dk vis{kk loZukeksa ds :i fganh esa dqN vfkd fuf'pr gSa] ij mlesa
Hkh dbZ 'kCnksa dh izFkek] f}rh;k vkSj r`rh;k foHkf;k cgqkk nks&nks dkjdksa esa
vkrh gSAa fganh laKkvksa dh ,d foHkf dHkh&dHkh pkj dkjdksa esa vkrh gS( tSless jk
gkFk nq[krk gS] mlus esjk gkFk idM+k] ukSdj ds gkFk fpV~Bh Hksth xbZ] fpfM+;k
gkFk u vkbZA bu mnkgj.kksa esa ^gkFk* laKk laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj ,d gh
izFkek foHkf esa gS vkSj og e'k% drkZ] deZ] dj.k vkSj vfkdj.k dkjdksa
esa vkbZ gSA buesa ls drkZ dh foHkf dks NksM+ 'ks"k foHkf;ksa ds v;kr izR;;
ok o ys[kd ds bPNkuqlkj O; Hkh fd, tk ldrs gS(a tSlmlus
s
esjs gkFk
dks idM+k( ukSdj ds gkFk ls fpV~Bh Hksth xbZ] fpfM+;k gkFk esa u vkbZA ,slh voLFkk
esa izk;% ,d gh :i vkSj vFkZ ds 'kCnksa dks dHkh izFkek] dHkh f}rh;k] dHkh r`rh;k
vkSj dHkh lIreh foHkf esa ekuuk iM+sxkA dsoy :i ds vuqlkj foHkf ekuus
ls fganh esa ^izFkek*] ^f}rh;k* vkfn dfYir ukeksa esa Hkh cM+h xM+cM+h gksxhA laLr
esa 'kCnksa ds :i cgqkk fuf'pr vkSj fLFkj gSa] blfy, ftu dkj.kksa ls mlesa dkjd
vkSj foHkf dk Hksn ekuuk mfpr gS] bUgha dkj.kksa ls fganh esa og Hksn ekuuk
dfBu tku iM+rk gSA fganh esa vfkdka'k foHkf;ksa dk :i dsoy vFkZ ls fuf'pr
fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd :iksa dh la[;k cgqr gh de gS] blfy, bl Hkk"kk
esa foHkf;ksa ds lkFkZd uke drkZ] deZ vkfn gh mi;ksxh tku iM+rs gSaA
fganh ds ftu oS;kdj.kksa us dkjd vkSj foHkf dk varj fganh esa ekuus dh
ps"Vk dh gS] og Hkh budh foospuk lekkkuiwoZd ugha dj lds gSaA ia- ds'kojke
Hk us vius ^fganh* O;kdj.k* esa laKkvksa ds dsoy nks dkjddrkZ vkSj deZ rFkk
ikp :iigyk] nwljk] rhljk vkfn ekus gSAa ^foHkf* 'kCn dk iz;ksx mUgksua s
^izR;;* ds vFkZ esa fd;k gS vkSj vius ekus gq, nksuksa dkjdksa dk y{k.k bl izdkj
crk;k gS^f;k ds laca k esa laKk dh tks nks fo'ks"k voLFkk, gksrh gS]a mudks
dkjd dgrs gSaA* bl y{k.k ds vuqlkj ftu dj.k laiznku vkfn lacakksa dks laLr
oS;kdj.k ^dkjd* ekurs gSa os Hkh dkjd ugha dgs tk ldrsA rc fQj bu fiNys
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lacakksa dks ^dkjd* ds cnys vkSj D;k dguk pkfg,\ vkxs pydj ^foHkf* 'kh"kZd
ys[k esa Hk th laKkvksa ds :iksa ds fo"k; esa fy[krs gSa fd ^vyx vyx ikp gh
:iksa ls dkjd vkfn laKkvksa dh fofHkUu voLFkk, igpkuh tkrh gSaA* blesa vkfn
'kCn ls tkuk tkrk gS fd laKk dh dsoy nks fo'ks"k voLFkkvksa dks dksbZ uke nsus
dh vko';drk gh ughaA ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa dbZ fu;e laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj
lw=k :i nsus dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gS] blfy, bl iqLrd esa ;g ckr dgha Li"V
ugha gqbZ gS fd ^voLFkk* 'kCn ^lacak* ds vFkZ esa vk;k gS ;k ^:i* ds vFkZ esa]
vkSj u dgha bl ckr dk foospu fd;k x;k gS fd dsoy nks fo'ks"k voLFkk,
gh ^dkjd* D;ksa dgykrh gSa\ dkjd dk tks y{k.k fd;k x;k gS og y{k.k ugha]
fdarq oxhZdj.k dk o.kZu gS vkSj mldh okD;jpuk Li"V ugha gSA Hk th us laKkvksa
ds tks ikp :i ekus gSa ftudks dHkh&dHkh os ^foHkf* Hkh dgrs gSa] muesa ls
rhljh vkSj ikpoha foHkf;ksa dks mUgksaus ^yqIr voLFkk* esa vkus ij mUgha foHkf;ksa
ds varxZr ekuk gS] ij nwljh foHkf dks dgha mlh esa vkSj dgha igyh esa fy;k
gSA fganh esa lacksku dkjd dk :i bu ikpksa foHkf;ksa ls fHkUu gS( ij ;g Hkh
laLr ds vuqlkj izFkek esa eku fy;k x;k gS( blds flok fganh esa "k"Bh ^fgaO;k-* dh ^pkSFkh* foHkf dk vHkko gS] D;ksfa d mlds cnys rf)r izR;; ^dkdsdh*
vkrs gSa] ijarq Hk th us rf)r izR;;kar in dks Hkh foHkf eku fy;k gSA lkfgR;kpk;Z
ia- jkekorkj 'kekZ us ^O;kdj.klkj* esa ^foHkf* 'kCn dks ml :ikarj ds vFkZ esa
iz;q fd;k gS] tks dkjd ds izR;; yxus ds iwoZ laKkvksa esa gksrk gSA vkids erkuqlkj
fganh esa dsoy nks foHkf;k gSaA
bl foospu dk lkj ;gh gS fd fganh esa foHkf vkSj dkjd dk lw{e varj
ekuus esa cM+h dfBukbZ gSA blls fganh O;kdj.k dh fDy"Vrk c<+rh gS vkSj tc
rd mudh lekkkudkjd O;oLFkk u gks] rc rd dsoy okn&fookn ds fy, mUgsa
O;kdj.k esa j[kus ls dksbZ ykHk ugha gSA blfy, geus ^dkjd* vkSj ^foHkf* 'kCnksa
dk iz;ksx fganh O;kdj.k ds vuqdwy vFkZ easa fd;k gS( vkSj izFkek] f}rh;k vkfn
dfYir ukeksa ds cnys] deZ vkfn lkFkZd uke fy[ks gSaA
305- fganh esa vkB dkjd gSaA buds uke] foHkf;k vkSj y{k.k uhps fn,
tkrs gSa
dkjd
foHkf;k
1 drkZ
us
2 deZ
dks
3 dj.k
ls
4 lainz ku
dks
5 viknku
ls
184 / fganh O;kdj.k
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6 lacak
dk&ds&dh
7 vfkdj.k
esa] ij
8 lacksku
gs] vth] vgks] vjs
1 f;k ls ftl oLrq ds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k tkrk gS mls lwfpr djusokys
laKk ds :i dks drkZ dkjd dgrs gS(a tSlyM+
s dk lksrk gSA ukSdj us njoktk
[kksykA fpV~Bh Hksth tk;xhA
Vh-drkZ dkjd dk ;g y{k.k nwljs O;kdj.kksa esa fn, gq, y{k.kksa ls fHkUu
gSA fganh esa dkjd vkSj foHkf dk laLr:<+ varj u ekuus ds dkj.k bl y{k.k
dh vko';drk gqbZ gSA blesa dsoy O;kikj ds vkJ; gh dk lekos'k ugha gksrk(
fdarq fLFkfrn'kZd vkSj fodkjn'kZd f;kvksa ds drkZvksa dk Hkh tks ;FkkFkZ esa O;kikj
ds vkJ; ugha gSa lekos'k gks ldrk gSA blds flok ldeZd f;k ds deZokP;
esa deZ dk tks eq[; :i gksrk gS mldk Hkh lekos'k bl y{k.k esa gks tkrk gSA
2 ftl oLrq ij f;k ds O;kikj dk Qy iM+rk gS mls lwfpr djusokys
laKk ds :i dks deZ dkjd dgrs gS(a tSl^yM+
s dk iRFkj Qsd
a rk gSA* ^ekfyd
us ukSdj dks cqyk;kA*
3 dj.k dkjd laKk ds ml :i dks dgrs gSa ftlls f;k ds lkku dk
cksk gksrk gS( tSl^flikgh
s
pksj dks jLlh ls ckkrk gSA* ^yM+ds us gkFk ls Qy
rksM+kA* euq"; vk[kksa ls ns[krs gSa] dkuksa ls lqurs gSa vkSj cqf) ls fopkj djrs gSaA*
4 ftl oLrq ds fy, f;k dh tkrh gS mldh okpd laKk ds :i dks
lainz ku dkjd dgrs gS(a tSl^jktk
s
us czk.k dks ku fn;kA* ^'kqdnso eqfu jktk
ijhf{kr dks dFkk lqukrs gSaA* ^yM+dk ugkus dks x;k gSA*
5 viknku dkjd laKk ds ml :i dks dgrs gSa ftlls f;k ds foHkkx
dh vofk lwfpr gksrh gS( tSl^is
s M+ ls Qy fxjkA* ^xaxk fgeky; ls fudyrh gSA*
6 laKk ds ftl :i ls mldh okP; oLrq dk lacak fdlh nwljh oLrq
ds lkFk lwfpr gksrk gS ml :i dks laca k dkjd dgrs gS(a tSljktk
s
dk egy]
yM+ds dh iqLrd] iRFkj ds VqdM+s bR;kfnA lacak dkjd dk :i lacakh 'kCn ds
fyax opu ds dkj.k cnyrk gSA ns- vad303&4
7 laKk dk og :i ftlls f;k ds vkkkj dk cksk gksrk gS vfkdj.k
dkjd dgykrk gS( tSl^fla
s g ou esa jgrk gSA* ^canj isM+ ij p<+ jgs gSAa *
8 laKk ds ftl :i ls fdlh dks fprkuk ;k iqdkjuk lwfpr gksrk gS mls
laca k dkjd dgrs gS(a tSl^gs
s ukFk! esjs vijkkksa dks {kek djukA* ^fNis gks dkSu
ls ijns esa csVk!* ^vjs yM+ds] bkj vkA*
lw-dkjdksa ds fo'ks"k iz;ksx vkSj vFkZ okD;foU;kl ds dkjd izdj.k esa
fy[ks tk;xsA
fganh O;kdj.k / 185
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foHkf;ksa dh O;qRifk
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djrs gSa fd fganh dh foHkfDr;k izR;; ugha gSa] fdarq laKkvksa vkSj nwljs 'kCnHksnksa
ds vo'ks"k gSaA izkr esa bl foHkfDr dk :i ,dopu esa ^,.k* vkSj viHkza'k
esa ^,sa* gSA
2 deZ dkjd bl dkjd dh foHkfDr ^dks* gS] ij cgqkk bl foHkfDr
dk yksi gks tkrk gS] vkSj rc deZ dkjd dh laKk dk :i nksuksa opuksa esa drkZ
dkjd gh ds leku gksrk gSA ;gh ^dks* foHkfDr laiznku dkjd Hkh gS] blfy,
,slk dg ldrs gSa fd fganh esa deZ dkjd dk dksbZ fut dk :i ugha gSA bldk
:i ;FkkFkZ esa deZ vkSj laiznku dkjdksa esa cVk gqvk gSA bl foHkfDr dh O;qRifk
ds fo"k; esa O;kl th ^Hkk"kk izHkkdj* esa] chEl lkgc ds erkuqlkj] fy[krs gSa fd
^dnkfpr~ ;g LokfFkZd ^d* ls fudyk gks ij lw{e lacak bldk laLr ls tku
iM+rk gS] tSld{ka
s
==dD[ka]=dk[ka=dkga=dkgw=
dgw=dkS=a dksa=dksA* bl yach O;qRifk
dk [kaMu djrs gq, feJ th us vius ^foHkfDr fopkj* esa fy[kk gS fd dkR;k;u
us vius O;kdj.k esa vEgkda] iLlfl] lCcdks] ;dks] veqdks vkfn mnkgj.k fn,
gSaA vkSj ^rqEgkEgsu vkda* lCcrks dks* vkfn lw=kksa ls ^rqEgkda*] ^vEgkda* ^vEgs*
vkfn vusd :iksa dks fl) fd;k gSA izkr ds bu :iksa ls gh ^fganh esa gedks]
gesa] rqedks] rqEgsa vkfn :i cus gSa vkSj buds vkn'kZ ij gh f}rh;k foHkfDr fp
^dks* lc 'kCnksa ds lax izpfyr gks x;kA* bu nksuksa ;qf;ksa esa dkSu lh xzk gS]
;g crkuk dfBu gS] D;ksafd nksuksa gh vuqeku gS vkSj budks fl) djus ds fy,
izkphu fganh ds dksbZ mnkgj.k ugha feyrsA ^foHkfDr fopkj* esa ^dg* ^dgq* vkfn
dh O;qRifk ds fo"k; esa dqN ugha dgk x;kA
3 dj.k dkjdbldh foHkfDr ^ls* gSA ;gh izR;; viknku dkjd dk
Hkh gSA deZ vkSj laiznku dkjdksa dh foHkfDr ds leku fganh esa dj.k vkSj viknku
dkjdksa dh foHkfDr Hkh ,d gh gSA feJ th ds er esa ;g ^ls* foHkfDr izkr
dh iapeh foHkfDr ^lqUrks* ls fudyh gS vkSj blh ls fganh ds viknku dkjd ds
izkphu :i ^rs*] ^lks* vkfn O;qRiUu gq, gSaA pan ds egkdkO; ds viknku ds vFkZ
esa ^gwrks* vkSj ^gqr* vk, gSa] tks izkr dh iapeh ls nwljs izR;; ^fgarks* ls fudyrs
gSaA gkuZyh lkgc dk er Hkh izk;% ,slk gh gS( ij dSykx lkgc] tks lc foHkfDr;ksa
dks Lora=k 'kCnksa ds VwVs&QwVs :i fl) djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa] bl foHkfDr dks
laLr ds ^le* 'kCn dk :ikarj ekurs gSaA ^ls* dh O;qRifk ds fo"k; esa feJ
th vkSj gkuZyh lkgc dk er Bhd tku iM+rk gS( ijarq bu fo}kuksa esa ls fdlh
us ;g ugha cryk;k fd fganh esa ^ls* foHkfDr dj.k vkSj viknku nksuksa dkjdksa
esa D;ksadj izpfyr gqbZ( tc fd laLr vkSj izkr esa nksuksa dkjdksa ds fy, vyx
vyx foHkfDr;k gSaA ^Hkk"kk izHkkdj* esa tgk vkSj foHkfDr;ksa dh O;qRifk crkus
dh ps"Vk dh xbZ gS] ogk ^ls* dk uke rd ugha gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 187
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4 laca k dkjd bl dkjd dh foHkfDr ^dk* gSA okD; eas ftl 'kCn ds
lkFk lacak dkjd dk lacak gksrk gS] mls Hks| dgrs gSa vkSj Hks| ds lacak ls lacak
dkjd dks Hksnd dgrs gSaA ^jktk dk ?kksM+k* bl okD;ka'k esa ^jktk dk* Hksnd vkSj
^?kksM+k* Hks| gSA lacak dkjd dh foHkfDr ^dk* Hks| ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd
ds vuqlkj cnydj ^dh* vkSj ^ds* gks tkrh gSA fganh dh vkSj vkSj foHkfDr;ksa
ds leku ^dk* foHkfDr dh O;qRifk ds fo"k; esa Hkh oS;kdj.kksa dk er ,d ugha
gSA muds erksa dk lkj uhps fn;k tkrk gS
v laLr esa bd] bZu] b; izR;; laKkvksa esa yxus ls ^rRlacakh* fo'ks"k.k
curs gS(a tSldk;k&dkf;d]
s
dqy&dqyhu] jk"V&jk"Vh;A ^bd* ls fganh esa ^dk*]
^bZu*] ls xqtjkrh esa ^uks* vkSj ^b;* ls flakh esa ^tks* vkSj ejkBh esa ^pk* vk;k gSA
vk izk;% blh vFkZ esa laLr esa ,d izR;; ^d* vkrk gS] tSlenz
s denzn's k
esa mRiUu] jksed=jkse ns'k lacakh vkfnA izkphu fganh esa orZeku ^dk* ds LFkku
esa ^d* ik;k tkrk gS( tSl^firq
s
vk;l lc keZd Vhdk* jke-A bu mnkgj.kksa
ls tku iM+rk gS fd fganh ^dk* laLr ls ^d* izR;; ls fudyk gSA
b izkr esa ^bna* lacak vFkZ esa ^dsjvks*] dsfjvk*] ^dsjd*] ^dsj* vkfn
izR;; vkrs gSa] tks fo'ks"k.k ds leku iz;q gksrs gSa vkSj fyax esa fo'ks"; ds vuqlkj
cnyrs gS(a tSldL;ds
s
jda ,oa ipg.ka la- dL; lacfa kua bna izog.ka fdldk
;g okgu gSA bUgha izR;;ksa ls jklks dh izkphu fganh ds dsjk] dsjks vkfn izR;;
fudys gSa] ftuls orZeku fganh ds ^dk ds dh* izR;; cus gSaA
bZ Dd] bDd] ,Pp; vkfn izkr ds bneFkZ ds izR;;ksa ls gh :ikarfjr
gksdj orZeku fganh ds ^dk ds dh* izR;; fl) gq, fn[krs gSaA
m loZukeksa ds jk js jh izR;; dsjk] dsjks vkfn izR;;ksa ds vk| ^d* dk
yksi djus ls cus gq, le>s tkrs gSaA ekjokM+h rFkk cxyk esa ;s vFkok bUgha
ds leku izR;; laKkvksa ds lacakdkjd esa vkrs gSaA
bl er&erkarj ls tku iM+rk gS fd fganh ds lacak dkjd dh foHkf;ksa
dh O;qRifk fuf'pr ugha gSA rFkkfi ;g ckr izk;% fuf'pr gS fd ;s foHkf;k
laLr ok izkr dh fdlh foHkf ls ugha fudyh gSa( fdarq fdlh rf)r izR;;
ls O;qRiUu gqbZ gSA
5 vfkdj.k dkjd budh nks foHkfDr;k fganh esa izpfyr gS^es
a *a vkSj
^ij*A buesa ls ^ij* dks vfkdka'k oS;kdj.k laLr ^mifj* dk viHkza'k ekudj
foHkf;ksa esa ugha fxursA ^mifj* dk ,d vkSj viHkza'k ^ij* fganh esa lacaklwpd
ds leku Hkh izpfyr gSA ^foHkf fopkj* esa feJ th us ^fy,*] ^fufek* vkfn
ds leku ^ij* iS dks Hkh Lora=k 'kCn ekuk gS] ij mudh O;qRifk ds fo"k; esa
dqN ugha fy[kk gSA ;FkkFkZ esa ^ij* 'kCn Lora=k gh gS( D;ksafd ;g laLr ok izkr
188 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dh fdlh foHkf ok izR;; ls ugha fudyk gSA ^ij* dks vfkdj.k dkjd dh
foHkf ekuus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd vfkdj.k ls ftl vkkkj dk cksk gksrk gS]
mlds lc Hksn vdsys ^esa* ls lwfpr ugha gksrs] tSlk laLr dh lIreh foHkf
ls gksrk gSA
^esa* dh O;qRifk ds fo"k; esa Hkh erHksn gS vkSj blds ewy:i dk fu'p;
ugha gqvk gSA dksbZ bls laLr ^e;s* dk vkSj dksbZ izkr lIreh foHkf ^fEe*
dk :ikarj ekurs gSaA feJ th fy[krs gSa fd ;fn ^esa* laLr ^e;s* dk viHkza'k
gksrk rks ^esa* ds lkFk gh ^ek>*] ^e>kj*] ^efk* vkfn dk iz;ksx fganh esa u gksrkA
xqtjkrh dk lIreh dk izR;; ^ek* blh fiNys er dks iq"V djrk gS] vFkkZr~
^esa* izkr ^fEe* dk viHkza'k gSA
6 lacksku dkjddksb&Z dksbZ oS;kdj.k bls vyx dkjd ugha fxursA fdarq
drkZ dkjd ds varxZr ekurs gSaA lacak dkjd ds leku ;g dkjd esa blfy,
ugha fxuk tkrk fd bu nksuksa dkjdksa dk lacak cgqkk f;k ls ugha gksrkA lacak
dkjd dk vUo; rks f;k ds ijks{k :i ls gksrk Hkh gS] ijarq lacksku dkjd dk
vUo; okD; esa fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk ugha gksrk] bldks dsoy blhfy, dkjd ekurs
gSa fd bl vFkZ esa laKk dk Lora=k :i ik;k tkrk gSA lacksku dkjd dh dksbZ
vyx foHkf ugha gS( ijarq vkSj vkSj dkjdksa ds leku blds nksuksa opuksa esa laKk
dk :ikarj gksrk gSA foHkf ds cnys bl dkjd esa laKk ls igys cgqkk gss] gks]
vjs] vth vkfn foLe;kfnckskd vO;; yxk, tkrs gSaA bu 'kCnksa ds iz;ksx
foLe;kfnckskd vO;; ds v;k; esa fn, x, gSaA
307- foHkf;k pje izR;; dgykrh gSa] vFkkZr~ muds i'pkr~ nwljs izR;;
ugha vkrsA bl y{k.k ds vuqlkj foHkf;ksa vkSj nwljs izR;;ksa dk varj Li"V gks
tkrk gS( tSllas lkj Hkj ds xzFa kfxfj ij* Hkkjr-A bl okD;ka'k esa ^Hkj* 'kCn
foHkf ugha gS] D;ksafd mlds i'pkr~ ^ds* foHkf vkbZ gSA bl ^ds* ds i'pkr~
Hkj] rd] okyk vkfn dksbZ izR;; ugha vk ldrsA rFkkfi fganh esa vfkdj.k dkjd
dh foHkf;ksa ds lkFk cgqkk lacak ok viknku dkjd dh foHkf vkrh gS(
tSl^gekjs
s
ikBdksa esa ls cgqrjs ksa us* HkkjrA ^uan mldks vklu ij ls mBk nsxkA
eqnzk-A ^rV ij ls* f'ko-A ^dq, esa dk esa<dA* ^tgkt ij ds ;k=kh* bR;kfnA
v lacak dkjd ds lkFk dHkh&dHkh tks foHkf vkrh gS] og Hksn ds v;kgkj
ds dkj.k vkrh gS( tSl^bl
s jkM+ ds dks cdus nhft, 'kdq-A* ;g dke
fdlh ds ?kj ds us fd;k gSA* dHkh&dHkh lacak dkjd dks laKk ekudj mldk
cgqopu Hkh dj nsrs gS(a tSl;g
s dke ?kjdksa us fd;k gSA ?kjdksa us =?kjokykas us
308- dksb&Z dksbZ foHkf;k dqN vO;;ksa esa Hkh ikbZ tkrh gS(a tSls
dksdgk dks] ;gk dks] vkxs dksA
t.c
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309- foHkf;ksa ds ;ksx ds igys laaKkvksa dk tks :ikarj gksrk gS mls for
:i dgrs gS(a tSl^?kks
s M+k* 'kCn ds ^us* foHkf ds ;ksx ls ,dopu esa ^?kksM*+s vkSj
cgqopu esa ^?kksM+ksa* gks tkrk gSA blfy, ^?kksM+s* vkSj ^?kksM+ksa* for :i gSaA foHkfjfgr
drkZ vkSj deZ dks NksM+dj vkSj 'ks"k dkjd] ftuesa laKk ok loZuke dk for
:i vkrk gS] for dkjd dgykrs gSaA
310- ,dopu esa for :i dk izR;; ^,* gS] tks dsoy fganh vkSj mnwZ
rn~Hko vkdkjkar iaq Yyx laKkvksa esa yxk;k tkrk gS( tSlyM+
s dkyM+ds us]
?kksMk+ ?kksMs+ us] lksuklksus dk] ijnkijns es]a vakkgs vaks] bR;kfn ns- vad289
d fganh vkdkjkar laKkvksa ok fo'ks"k.kksa esa ^iu* ls tks Hkkookpd laKk,
curh gSa] muds vkxs foHkf vkus ij ewy laKk ok fo'ks"k.k dk :i for
gksrk gS( tSldM+
s kiudM+is u dks] xqMa kiuxqMa is u ls] cfgjkiucfgjsiu esa
bR;kfnA
vi-1 lacksku dkjd ^csVk* esa 'kCnksa dk :i cgqkk ugha cnyrk(
tSlvjs
s csVk vk[k [kksyks* lR;-A ^csVk! mBA* j?kq-A
vi-2 ftu vkdkjkar iqa Yyx 'kCnksa dk :i foHkfjfgr cgqopu esa
ugha cnyrk os ,dopu esa Hkh for :i esa ugha vkrs ns- vad289 vkSj viokn(
tSls jktk us] dkdk dks] nkjksxk ls] nsork esa] jkecksyk dk bR;kfnA
vi-3 Hkkjrh; izfl) LFkkuksa ds O;fokpd vkdkjkar iafq Yayx ukeksa
dks NksM+] 'ks"k ns'kh rFkk eqlyekuh LFkkuokpd vkdkjkar iqaYyx 'kCn dk for
:i fodYi ls gksrk gStSl^s
vkxjs dk vk;k gqvk* xqVdk-A ^dydks ds egyksa
esa* f'ko-A ^bl ikVfyiq=k iVus ds fo"k; esa* eqnzk-A ^jktiwrkus esa]* ^njHkaxs
dh Qly* f'k{kkA ^njHkaxk ls lj-A ^fNanokM+k esa ;k fNanokM+s esa* ^cljk ls
ok cljs ls* bR;kfnA
izR;;oknik'pkR; LFkkuksa ds vkSj dbZ ns'kh LFkkuksa ds vkdkjkar iaq Yyx
uke vfor jgrs gSa( tSlsvhdk] vesfjdk] vkLVsfy;k] yklk] jhok]
ukHkk] dksVk vkfnA
vi-4 tc fdlh fodkjh vkdkjkar laKk vFkok nwljs 'kCn ds lkFk
dkjd ds ckn ogh 'kCn vkrk gS] rc iwoZ 'kCn cgqkk vfor jgrk gS( tSldks
s Bk
dk dksBk] tSlk dk rSlkA
190 / fganh O;kdj.k
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d iqaYyx laKk,
1 vdkjkar
dkjd
drkZ
,dopu
ckyd
ckyd us
ckyd dks
ckyd ls
ckyd dks
ckyd ls
ckyd dk] ds] dh
ckyd esa
ckyd ij
gs ckyd
cgqopu
ckyd
ckydksa us
ckydksa dks
ckydksa ls
ckydksa dks
ckydksa ls
ckydksa dk] ds] dh
ckydksa esa
ckydksa ij
gs ckydks
lo
gs
po
deZ
dj.k
lainz ku
viknku
lacak
vfkdj.k
t.c
om
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
lacksku
2 vkdkjkar for
deZ
lacksku
,dopu
yM+dk
yM+ds us
yM+ds dks
gs yM+ds
i.b
dkjd
drkZ
cgqopu
yM+ds
yM+dksa us
yM+dksa dks
gs yM+dks
nd
3 vkdkjkar vfor
drkZ
hi
deZ
lacksku
Bo
ok
drkZ
deZ
lacksku
jktk
jktk us
jktk dks
gs jktk
jktk
jktkvksa us
jktkvksa dks
gs jktkvks
4 vkdkjkar oSdfYid
cki nknk
cki nkns us
cki nknk dks
gs cki nknk
vFkok
cki nknk
cki nknkvksa us
cki nknkvksa dks
gs cki nknkvks
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
cki nknk
cki nkns us
cki nkns dks
gs cki nkns
deZ
lacksku
5 bdkjkar
drkZ
eqfu
eqfu us
eqfu dks
gs eqfu
eqfu
eqfu;ksa us
eqfu;ksa dks
gs eqfu;ks
lo
gs
po
deZ
lacksku
cki nkns
cki nknksa us
cki nknksa dks
gs cki nknks
t.c
om
drkZ
6 bZdkjkar
drkZ
ekyh
ekyh us
ekyh dks
gs ekyh
deZ
lacksku
ekyh
ekfy;ksa us
ekfydksa dks
gs ekfy;ks
7 mdkjkar
nd
deZ
lacksku
hi
drkZ
ok
deZ
lacksku
Bo
drkZ
deZ
lacksku
,dopu
lkkq
lkkq us
lkkq dks
gs lkkq
i.b
dkjd
drkZ
cgqopu
lkkq
lkkqvksa us
lkkqvksa dks
gs lkkqvks
8 dkjkar
Mkdw
Mkdw us
Mkdw dks
gs Mkdw
Mkdw
Mkdqvksa us
Mkdqvksa dks
gs Mkdqvks
9 ,djkar
pkScs
pkscs us
pkScs dks
gs pkScs
pkScs
pkScsvksa us
pkScsvksa dks
gs pkScsvks
fganh O;kdj.k / 193
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
drkZ
jklks
jklks us
jklks dks
gs jklks
deZ
lacksku
11 vkSdkjkar
tkS
tkS us
tkS dks
gs tkS
jklksa
jklksa us
jklksa dks
gs jklks
tkS
tkSvksa us
tkSvksa dks
ts tkSvks
lo
gs
po
drkZ
t.c
om
10 vksdkjkar
deZ
lacksku
12 lkuqLokj vksdkjkar
deZ
lacksku
,dopu
dksnksa
dksnksa us
dksnkas dks
gs dksnks
i.b
dkjd
drkZ
cgqopu
dksnksa
dksnksa us
dksnksa dks
gs dksnks
nd
[k L=khfyax laKk,
drkZ
ok
hi
deZ
lacksku
Bo
drkZ
deZ
lacksku
1 vdkjkar
cfgu
cfgu us
cfgu dks
gs cfgu
cfgusa
cfguksa us
cfguksa dks
gs cfguks
2 vkdkjkar laLr
'kkyk
'kkyk us
'kkyk dks
gs 'kkyk
'kkyk,
'kkykvksa us
'kkykvksa dks
gs 'kkykvks
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
drkZ
cqf<+;k
cqf<+;k us
cqf<+;k dks
gs cqf<+;k
deZ
lacksku
4 bdkjkar
drkZ
'kf
'kfDr us
'kf dks
gs 'kf
cqf<+;k
cqf<+;ksa us
cqf<+;ksa dks
cqf<+;ks
'kf;k
'kf;ksa us
'kf;ksa dks
gs 'kfDr;ks
lo
gs
po
deZ
lacksku
t.c
om
3 vkdkjkar fganh
5 bZdkjkar
drkZ
nsoh
nsoh us
nsoh dks
gs nsoh
deZ
lacksku
nsfo;k
nsfo;ksa us
nsfo;ksa dks
gs nsfo;ks
6 mdkjkar
nd
deZ
lacksku
hi
drkZ
ok
deZ
lacksku
Bo
drkZ
deZ
lacksku
ksuq
ksuq us
ksuq dks
gs ksuq
i.b
drkZ
ksuq,
ksuqvksa us
ksuqvksa dks
gs kuqvks
7 dkjkar
cgw
cgw us
cgw dks
gs cgw
cgq,
cgqvksa us
cgqvksa dks
gs cgqvksa
8 vkSdkjkar
xkS
xkS us
xkS dks
gs xkS
xkS,
xkSvksa us
xkSvksa dks
gs xkSvks
fganh O;kdj.k / 195
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
ljlksa
ljlksa us
ljlksa dks
gs ljlks
ljlksa
ljlksa us
deZ
ljlksa dks
lacks/ku
gs ljlks
,dopu ds leku
313- rRle laLr laKkvksa dk ewy lacksku dkjd ,dopu Hkh mPp
fganh vkSj dfork esa vkrk gS] tSls
O;atukar laKk,jktu~] Jheu~] fo}u~] Hkxou~] egkReu~] Lokfeu~ bR;kfnA
vkdkjkar laKk,dfors] vk'ks] fiz;]s f'k{ks] lhrs] jkks] bR;kfnA
bdkjkar laKk,gjs] equ]s l[ks] ers] lhrkirs bR;kfnA
bZdkjkar laKk,iqf=k] nsfo] ekfufu] tufu bR;kfnA
mdkjkar laKk,cakks] izHkks] ksuks] xqjks] lkkks bR;kfnA
_dkjkar laKk,fir%] nkr%] ekr% bR;kfnA
lo
gs
po
drkZ
t.c
om
9 lkuqLokj vkdkjkar
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
314- foHkf ds }kjk laKk ;k loZuke dk tks lacak f;k ok nwljs 'kCnksa
ds lkFk izdkf'kr gksrk gS] ogh lacak dHkh&dHkh lacaklwpd vO;; ds }kjk izdkf'kr
gksrk gS] tSls
^yM+dk ugkus dks x;k gS* vFkok ^ugkus ds fy, x;k gSA* blds fo#)
lacaklwpdksa ls ftrus lacak izdkf'kr gksrs gSa] mu lcds fy, fganh esa dkjd ugha
gS(a tSl^yM+
s dk unh rd x;k*] ^fpfM+;k kksrh lesr mM+ xbZ*] ^eqlkfQj isM+ rys
cSBk gS*] ^ukSdj lki ds ikl igqpk* bR;kfnA
Vh-;gk vc ;s iz'u mRiUu gksrs gSa fd ftu laca klwpdksa ls dkjdksa dk
vFkZ fudyrk gS] mUgsa dkjd D;ksa u ekusa vkSj 'kCnksa ds lc izdkj ds ijLij
lacak lwfpr djus ds fy, dkjdksa dh la[;k D;ksa u c<+kbZ tk;\ ;fn ^ugkus
dks* dkjd ekuk tkrk gS] rks ^ugkus ds fy,* dks Hkh dkjd ekuuk pkfg, vkSj
;fn ^isM+ ij* ,d dkjd gS rks ^isM+ rys* nwljk dkjd gksuk pkfg,A
bu iz'uksa dk mkj nsus ds fy, foHkf;ksa vkSj lacaklwpdksa dh mRifk ij
fopkj djuk vko';d gSA bl fo"k; esa Hkk"kkfonksa dk ;g er gS fd foHkfDr;ksa
vkSj laca/klwpdksa dk mi;ksx cgqkk ,d gh gSA Hkk"kk ds vkfndky esa foHkf;k
u Fkha vkSj ,d ds lkFk nwljs dk lacak Lora=k 'kCnksa ds }kjk izdkf'kr gksrk FkkA
ckj&ckj mi;ksx esa vkus ls bu 'kCnksa ds VqdM+s gks x, vkSj fQj mudk mi;ksx
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
izR;; :i ls gksus yxkA laLr ljh[kh izkphu Hkk"kkvksa esa la;ksxkRed foHkf;k
Hkh Lora=k 'kCnksa ds VqdM+s gSaA feJ th ^foHkffopkj* esa fy[krs gSa fd lq] vkS]
tl] ve~* vkS] 'kl~] Vk] H;ka] fHkl~*] vkfn dks Loar=k :i ls n'kkZuk gh bldk
izR;{k izek.k gS vkSj ;s fp Lora=k 'kCnksa esa gh iwoZ dky esa mits FksA* fdlh
Hkk"kk esa cgqr lh vkSj fdlh esa FkksM+h foHkf;k gksrh gSaA ftu Hkk"kkvksa esa foHkf;ksa
dh la[;k vfkd jgrh gS tSls laLr esa gSa muesa lacaklwpdksa dk izpkj vfkd
ugha gksrkA fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa :i ds tks Hksn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] mudk fo'ks"k
dkj.k ;gh gS fd lacaklwpdksa dk mi;ksx fdlh esa Lora=k :i ls vkSj fdlh esa
izR;; :i ls gqvk gSA
bl foospu ls tku iM+rk gS fd foHkf;ksa vkSj lacaklwpdksa dh mRifk
izk;% ,d gh izdkj dh gSA vFkZ dh n`f"V ls Hkh nksuksa leku gh gSa] ijarq :i vkSj
iz;ksx dh n`f"V ls nksuksa esa varj gSA blfy, dkjd dk fopkj dsoy vFkZ ds vuqlkj
gh u djds :i vkSj iz;ksx ds vuqlkj Hkh djuk pkfg,A ftl izdkj fyax vkSj
opu ds dkj.k laKkvksa dk :ikarj gksrk gS mlh izdkj 'kCnksa dk ijLij lacak
lwfpr djus ds fy, Hkh :ikarj gksrk gS vkSj mls fganh esa dkjd dgrs gSaA ;g
:ikarj ,d 'kCn esa nwljk tksM+us ls ugha] fdarq izR;; tksM+us ls gksrk gSA lacaklwpd
vO;; ,d izdkj ds Lora=k 'kCn gSa] blfy, lacaklwpdkar laKkvksa dks dkjd ugha
dgrsA blds flok] dqN fo'ks"k izdkj ds eq[; lacakh gh dks dkjd ekurs gSa]
vkSjksa dks ughaA ;fn lc lacaklwpdkar laKkvksa dks dkjd ekusa rks vusd izdkj
ds lacak lwfpr djus ds fy, dkjdksa dh la[;k u tkus fdruh c<+ tk;A
foHkf;k ftl izdkj lacaklwpdksa ls :i vkSj iz;ksx esa fHkUu gSa mlh
izdkj os rf)r vkSj nar izR;;ksa ls Hkh fHkUu gSaA nar ;k rf)r izR;;ksa ds
vkxs foHkf;k vkrh gSa ij foHkf;ksa ds i'pkr~ nar ok rf)r izR;; cgqkk
ugha vkrsA
blh fo"k; ds lkFk bl ckr dk Hkh foospu vko';d tku iM+rk gS fd
foHkf;k] laKkvksa vkSj loZukeksa esa feykdj fy[kh tk; ok muls i`Fkd~A blds
fy, ifgys ge nks mnkgj.k mu iqLrdksa esa ls nsrs gSa] ftlds ys[kd la;ksxoknh gSa
1 ^vc ;g dSls ekywe gks fd yksx ftu ckrksa dks d"V ekurs mUgsa Jheku~
Hkh d"V gh ekurs gksaA vFkok vkids iwoZorhZ 'kklu us tks dke fd, vki Hkh
mUgsa vU;k; Hkjs dke ekurs gksa\ lkFk gh ,d ckr vkSj gSA iztk ds yksxksa dh
igqp Jheku~ rd cgqr dfBu gSA ij vkidk iwoZorhZ 'kkld vkils igys gh fey
pqdk vkSj tks dguk Fkk og dg x;k* f'ko-A
2 ^izk;% ikSus vkB lkS o"kZ egkdfo pan ds le; ls vc rd chr pqds
gSaA pan ds lkS o"kZ ckn gh vykmhu f[kyth ds jkT; esa fnYyh esa Qkjlh Hkk"kk
fganh O;kdj.k / 197
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
dk lqizfl) dfo vehj [kqljks gqvkA dfo vehj [kqljks dh e`R;q lu~ 1325 bZloh
esa gqbZ FkhA eqlyeku dfo;ksa esa m vehj [kqljks fganh dkO;jpuk ds fo"k; esa
loZizFke vkSj izkku ekuk tkrk gS* foHkf-A
bu vorj.kksa ls tku iM+sxk fd Lo;a la;ksxoknh ys[kd gh vHkh rd ,d
er ugha gSaA ftl 'kCn vFkok izR;; dks xqIr th feydj fy[krs gSa] mlh dks
feJ th vyx fy[krs gSaA feJ th us rks ;gk rd fd;k gS fd laKk esa foHkf
dks feykus ds fy, nksuksa ds chp esa ^gh* fy[kuk gh NksM+ fn;k gS] ;|fi ;g vO;;
laKk vkSj foHkf ds chp esa vkrk gSA blh rjg xqIr th ^rd* dks vkSj 'kCnksa
ls rks vyx&vyx] ij ^;gk* esa feykdj fy[krs gSaA ^ij* ds lacak esa Hkh nksuksa
ys[kdksa dk er fojksk gSA
,slh voLFkk esa foHkf;ksa dks laKkvksa ls feykdj fy[kus ds fy, Hkk"kk
ds vkkkj ij dksbZ fuf'pr fu;e cukuk dfBu gSA foHkf;ksa dks feykdj fy[kus
esa ,d nwljh dfBukbZ ;g gS fd fganh esa cgqkk izfr vkSj izR;; ds chp esa dksbZ
vO;; Hkh vk tkrs gS(a tSl^pkS
s ng ih<+h rd dk irk* f'ko-A lalkj Hkj ds
xzaFkfxfj* Hkkjr-A ^?kj gh ds ckM+s* jke-A izfr vkSj izR;; ds chp esa
lekukfkdj.k 'kCn ds vk tkus ls mu nksuksa dks feykus esa ckkk vk tkrh gS tSls
^fonHkZ uxj ds jktk Hkhelsu dh dU;k Hkqoueksfguh ne;arh dk :iA* xqVdk-A
^gjxksfoan ialkjh ds yM+ds us ijh-A myVs dkekvksa ls f?kjs gq, 'kCnksa ds lkFk
foHkf feykus ls tks xM+cM+ gksrh gS] mlds mnkgj.k Lo;a ^foHkffopkj* esa feyrs
gS(a tSl^lels
s
* ^lds*] ^mn~Hko u gksus dk izR;{k izek.k*] ^dks dk* laca k bR;kfnA
feJ ths us dgha&dgha foHkf dks bu dkekvksa dss i'pkr~ Hkh fy[kk gS( tSl^Ug*
s
dk iz;ksx i`- 56 ^ls* ds chp esa i`- 86A bl izdkj ds xM+cM+ iz;ksxksa ls
la;ksxokfn;ksa ds izk;% lHkh fl)kar [kafMr gks tkrs gSaA
fganh esa vfkdka'k ys[kd foHkf;ksa dks loZukeksa ds lkFk feykdj fy[krs
gSa] D;ksafd buesa laKkvksa dh vis{kk vf/kd fu;fer :ikarj gksrs gSa] vkSj izfr
rFkk izR;; ds chp esa cgqkk dksbZ izR;; ugha vkrsA rFkkfi ^HkkjrHkkjrh* esa foHkf;k
loZukeksa ls Hkh i`Fkd~ fy[kh xbZ gSaA ,slh voLFkk esa Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dk vfkdkj
oS;kdj.k dks ugha gS] blfy, bl fo"k; dks ge ,slk gh vfuf'pr NksM+ nsrs gSaA
315- foHkf;ksa ds cnys esa dHkh&dHkh uhps fy[ks lacaklwpd vO;; vkrs gSa
deZ dkjdizfr] rb iqjkuh Hkk"kk esa A
dj.k dkjd}kjk] djds] tfj,] dkj.k] ekjsA
lainz ku dkjdfy,] gsr]q fufek] vFkZ] okLrsA
viknku dkjdvis{kk] cfuLcr] lkeus] vkxs] lkFkA
198 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
pkSFkk v/;k;
nd
loZuke
Bo
ok
hi
317- laKkvksa ds leku loZukeksa esa opu vkSj dkjd gSa] ijarq fyax ds dkj.k
bldk :i ugha cnyrkA
318- foHkfjfgr drkZ dkjd ds cgqopu esa iq#"kokpd eSa] rw vkSj
fu'p;okpd ;g] og loZukeksa dks NksMd
+ j] 'ks"k loZukeksa dk :ikarj ugha gksrk( tSls
,dopu
cgqopu
,dopu
cgqopu
eSa
ge
vki
vki
rw
rqe
tks
tks
;g
;s
dkSu
dkSu
og
os
D;k
D;k
lks
lks
dksbZ
dksbZ
dqN
dqN
fganh O;kdj.k / 199
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
nd
Bo
ok
hi
deZ
dj.k
lainz ku
viknku
lacak
vfkdj.k
drkZ
deZ
,dopu
eSa
eSua s
eq>dks] eq>s
eq>ls
eq>dks] eq>s
eq>ls
esjk] js] jh
eq>esas
cgqopu
ge
geus
gedks] gesa
gels
gedks] gesa
gels
gekjk] js] jh
geesa
rqe
rqeus
rqedks] rqEgsa
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
dj.k
rq>ls
rqels
lainz ku
rq>dks] rq>s
rqedks] rqEgsa
viknku
rq>ls
rqels
lacak
rsjk] js] jh
rqEgkjk] js jh
vfkdj.k
rq>esa
rqeesa
v iq#"kokpd loZukeksa dh dkjdjpuk esa cgqr lekurk gSA drkZ vkSj
lacksku dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa ,dopu esa ^eSa* dk for :i ^eq>* vkSj ^rw*
dk ^rq>* gksrk gSA lacakdkjd ds nksuksa opuksa esa ^eSa* dk for :i e'k% ^esa*
vkSj ^gek* vkSj ^rw* dk ^rs* vkSj ^rqEg* gksrk gSA nksuksa loZukeksa esa lacak dkjd
dh jk&js&jh foHkf;k vkrh gSaA foHkflfgr drkZ ds nksuksa opuksa esa vkSj lacak
dkjd dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa ds cgqopu esa nksuksa dk :i vfor jgrk gSA
vk iq#"kokpd loZukeksa ds foHkfjfgr drkZ ds ,dopu vkSj lacak dkjd
dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa vokkj.k ds fy, ,dopu esa ^bZ* vkSj cgqopu esa ^bZ*
ok ^gh* yxkrs gS(a tSleqs >h dk] rq>h ls] geha us] rqEgha ls bR;kfnA
b dfork esa ^esjk* vkSj ^rsjk* ds cnys cgqkk laLr dh "k"Bh ds :i
e'k% ^ee* vkSj ^ro* vkrs gS(a tSl^djgq
s
lq ee mj kkeA* jke-A ^dgk
xbZ rc xfjek fo'ks"k\* fga- xz-A
325- futokpd ^vki* dh dkjdjpuk dsoy ,dopu esa gksrh gS] ijarq
,dopu ds :i cgqopu laKk ;k loZuke ds lkFk Hkh vkrs gSa( bldk for :i
^viuk* gS] tks lacak dkjd esa vkrk gS vkSj tks ^vi* esa lacak dkjd dks ^uk*
foHkf tksM+us ls cuk gSA blds lkFk ^us* foHkf ugha vkrh] ijarq nwljh foHkf;ksa
ds ;ksx ls budk :i fganh vkdkjkar laKk ds leku ^vius* gks tkrk gSA drkZ
vkSj lacak dkjd dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa fodYi ^vki* ds lkFk foHkf;k tksM+h
tkrh gSAa
lw-^vki* 'kCn dk laca k dkjd ^viuk* izkr dh "k"Bh ^vIi.k* ls
fudyk gSA
dkjd
drkZ
deZlai-z
dj.kviklacak
vfkdj.k
futokpd ^vki*
,dopu
vki
vius dks] vkidks
vius ls] vkils
viuk] us] uh
vius esa] vkiesa
fganh O;kdj.k / 201
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
hi
nd
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v dHkh&dHkh ^viuk* vkSj ^vki* lacak dkjd dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa esa
feydj vkrs gS(a tSlvius
s
vki] vius vkidks] vius vkils] vius vkiesAa
vk ^vki* 'kCn dk ,d :i ^vkil* gS] ftldk iz;ksx dsoy lacak vkSj
vfkdj.k dkjdksa ds ,dopu esa gksrk gS( tSl^yM+
s ds vkil esa yM+rs gSAa * ^fL=k;ksa
dh vkil dh ckrphrA* blesa ijLijrk dk cksk gksrk gSA dksbZ&dksbZ ys[kd ^vkil*
dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku djrs gS(a tSlfokkrk
s
us ^izhfr Hkh rqEgkjs vkil esa
vPNh j[kh gS* 'kdq-A
b ^viuk* tc laKk ds leku fut yksxksa ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS] rc mldh
dkjdjpuk fganh vkdkjkar laKk ds leku nksuksa opuksa esa gksrh gS( tSl^vius
s
ekrk fcu tx esa dksbZ ugha viuk ik;k* vkjk-A ^og viuksa ds ikl ugha x;kA*
bZ izR;sd ds vFkZ esa ^viuk* 'kCn dh f}#f gksrh gS( tSl^vius
s
&vius
dks lc dksbZ pkgrs gSaA* ^viuh&viuh MQyh vkSj viuk&viuk jkxA*
m dHkh&dHkh ^viuk* ds cnys ^fut* loZuke dk laacak dkjd vkrk
gS] vkSj dHkh&dHkh nksuksa :i feydj vkrs gS(a tSl^fut
s
dk eky] fut dk ukSdjA*
^ge rqEgsa vius fut ds dke ls Hkstk pkgrs gSa* eqnzk-A
dfork esa ^viuk* ds cnys cgqkk ^fut* fo'ks"k.k gksdj vkrk gS(
tSl^fut
s
ns'k dgrs gSa fdls* Hkkjr-A ^o.kkZJe fut&fut kje] fujr osn iFk
yksx* jke-A
325- ^vki* 'kCn vknjlwpd Hkh gS] ij mldk iz;ksx dsoy vU; iq#"k
ds cgqopu esa gksrk gSA bl vFkZ esa mldh dkjdjpuk futokpd ^vki* ls fHkUu
gksrh gSA foHkf ds igys vknjlwpd ^vki* dk :i for ugha gksrkA bldk
iz;ksx vknjkFkZ cgqopu esa gksrk gS] blfy, cgqRo dk cksk gksus ds fy, blds
lkFk ^yksx* ;k ^lc* yxk nsrs gSaA blds lkFk ^us* foHkf vkrh gS vkSj lacak
dkjd esa ^dk ds dh* foHkf;k yxkbZ tkrh gSaA blds deZ vkSj laiznku dkjdksa
esa nqgjs :i ugha vkrsA
Bo
ok
dkjd
drkZ
deZlai-z
lacak
vknjlwpd ^vki*
,d-vknj-
vki
vkius
vkidks
vkidk] ds] dh
cgq- la[;k-
vki yksx
vki yksxksa us
vki yksxksa dks
vki yksxksa dk] ds] dh
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
fudVorhZ ^;g*
,dopu
;g
blus
bldks] bls
blls
bldk ds] dh
blesa
nwjorhZ ^og*
og
mlus
mldks] mls
cgqopu
;g] ;s
buus] bUgksaus
budks] bUgsa
buls
budk ds] dh
buesa
lo
gs
po
dkjd
drkZ
t.c
om
deZlainz ku
dkj.kviknku
lacak
vfkdj.k
drkZ
deZlainz ku
og] os
muus] mUgksaus
mudks] mUgsa
i.b
fuR;lacakh ^lks*
nd
drkZ
deZlainz ku
lks
frlus
frldks] frls
lks
fruus] frUgksaus
frudks] frUgsa
Bo
ok
hi
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
lacakokpd ^tks*
dkjd
drkZ
,dopu
tks
ftlus
ftldks] ftls
cgqopu
tks
ftuus] ftUgksaus
ftudks] ftUgas
lo
gs
po
deZlainz ku
t.c
om
iz'uokpd ^dkSu*
dkSu
dkSu
fdlus
fduus] fdUgksaus
deZlainz ku
fdldks] fdls
fdudks] fdUgsa
328- ;g] og] lks] tks vkSj dkSu ds foHkflfgr drkZ dkjd ds cgqopu
esa tks nks&nks :i gS]a muesa ls nwljk :i vfkd f'k"V le>k tkrk gS( tSlmuus
s
vkSj mUgksausA dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k 'ks"k dkjdksa esa Hkh gksa tksM+dj cgqopu dk nwljk
:i cukrs gS]a tSlbUgha
s dks] ftUgksl
a s bR;kfnA ijarq ;s :i izpfyr ugha gSAa
329- iz'uokpd loZuke ^D;k* dh dkjdjpuk ugha gksrhA ;g 'kCn blh
:i esa dsoy ,dopu foHkfjfgr drkZ vkSj deZ esa vkrk gS( tSl^D;k
s
fxjk\*
rqe D;k pkgrs gks\ nwljs dkjdksa ds ,dopu esa ^D;k* ds cnys cztHkk"kk ds ^dgk*
loZuke dk for :i ^dkgs* vkrk gSA
nd
i.b
drkZ
iz'uokpd ^D;k*
Bo
ok
hi
dkjd
,ddrkZ
D;k
deZ
D;k
dj.k] vikdkgs ls
lainz ku
dkgs dks
lacak
dkgs dk] ds] dh
vfkdj.k
dkgs esa
v ^dkgs ls* viknku vkSj ^dkgs dks* laiznku dk iz;ksx ^D;ksa* ds vFkZ
esa gksrk gS( tSl^rq
s e ;g dkgs ls dgrs gks\* ^yM+dk ogk dkgs dks x;k Fkk\*
^dkgs dks* dHkh&dHkh vlaHkkouk ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS( tSl^pks
s j dkgs dks gkFk
204 / fganh O;kdj.k
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vkrk gS*A ^D;ksafd* leqPp;ckskd esa ^D;ksa* ds cnys dHkh&dHkh ^dkgs ls] dk iz;ksx
gksrk gS ns- vad245v( tSl^'kdq
s ra yk eq>s cgqr I;kjh gS dkgs ls fd og
esjh lgsyh dh csVh gS* 'kdq-A ^dkgs dk* dk vFkZ ^fdl pht ls cuk* gS] ij
dHkh&dHkh bldk vFkZ ^o`Fkk* Hkh gksrk gS( tSl^og
s jktk gh dkgs dk gS* lR;-A
vk ^D;k ls D;k* vkSj ^D;k dk D;k* ^okD;ka'kksa* esa ^D;k* ds lkFk foHkf
vkrh gSA buls n'kkarj lwfpr gksrk gSA
330- vfu'p;okpd loZuke ^dksbZ* ;FkkFkZ esa iz'uokpd loZuke ls cuk
gS( tSllas -dksfi] izk-dksfc] fg-dksbAZ bldk for :i ^fdl* esa vokkj.kckskd
^bZ* izR;; yxkus ls cuk gSA ^dksbZ* dh dkjdjpuk dsoy ,dopu esa gksrh gS]
ijarq blds :iksa dh f}#f ls cgqopu dk cksk gksrk gSA deZ vkSj laiznku dkjdksa
esa bldk ,dkjkar :i ugha gksrk] tSlk nwljs loZukeksa dk gksrk gSA
vfu'p;okpd ^dksbZ*
,dopu
dksbZ
fdlh us
deZlainz ku
fdlh dks
lw-dksb&Z dksbZ oS;kdj.k blds cgqopu :i ^fdu* ds uewus ij ^fdUgha
us* ^fdUgha dks* vkfn fy[krs gSa( ij os :i f'k"VlEer ugha gaSA ^dksbZ* ds f}#
:iksa gh ls cgqopu gksrk gSA ifjorZu ds vFkZ esa ^dksbZ* ds vfor :i ds lkFk
laca k dkjd dh foHkf vkrh gS( tSl^dks
s bZ dk dksbZ jktk cu x;kA* bl okD;ka'k
dk iz;ksx cgqkk drkZ dkjd gh esa gksrk gSA
331- vfu'p;okpd loZuke ^dqN* dh dkjdjpuk ugha gksrhA ^D;k* ds
leku ;g dsoy foHkfjfgr drkZ vkSj deZ ds ,dopu esa vkrk gS( tSl^ikuh
s
esa dqN gS*] ^yM+ds us dqN Qsadk gSA* ^dqN dk dqN* okD;ka'k esa ^dqN* ds lkFk
lacak dkjd dh foHkf vkrh gSA tc ^dqN* dk iz;ksx ^dksbZ* ds vFkZ esa laKk
ds leku gksrk gS] rc mldh dkjd jpuk lacksku dks NksM+ 'ks"k dkjdksa ds cgqopu
esa gksrh gS( tSl^mues
s
a ls dqN us bl ckr dks Lohdkj djus dh ik fn[kkbZ*
fga- dks-A ^dqN ,sls gSaA* ^dqN dh Hkk"kk lgt gS* lj-A
332- vki] dksbZ] D;k vkSj dqN dks NksM+dj 'ks"k loZukeksa ds deZ vkSj laiznku
dkjdksa esa nks&nks :i gksus ls ;g ykHk gS fd nks ^dks* bdV~Bs gksdj mPpkj.k ugha
fcxkM+r]s tSl^eS
s a bls rqedks nwx kA* bl okD; esa ^bls* ds cnys ^bldks* dguk v'kq) gSA
333- futokpd ^vki*] ^dksbZ* ^D;k* vkSj ^dqN* dks NksM+ 'ks"k loZukeksa
ds cgqopu :i vknj ds fy, Hkh vkrs gSa blfy, cgqRo dk Li"V cksk djkus
Bo
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dkjd
drkZ
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t.c
om
ds fy, bu loZukeksa ds lkFk ^yksx* ok ^yksxks*a yxkrs gS]a tSl;ss yksx] mu yksxksa
dks] fdu yksxksa ls bR;kfnA ^dkSu* dks NksM+ 'ks"k loZukeksa ds lkFk ^yksx* ds cnys
dHkh dHkh ^lc* vkrk gS( tSlge
s lc] vki lcdks] bu lcesa ls bR;kfnA
lo
gs
po
334- fodkjh loZukeksa ds esy ls cus gq, loZukeksa ds nksuksa vo;o for
gksrs gS(a tSlftl
s
fdlh dks] ftl ftlls] fdlh u fdlh dk uke] bR;kfnA
335- vokkj.k ok vfodkj ds vFkZ esa iq#"kokpd vkSj fu'p;okpd
loZukeksa ds vfor :i ds lkFk laca a k dkjd foHkf vkrh gS( tSl^rq
s e ds
rqe u x, vkSj eq>s Hkh u tkus fn;kA* tks rhl fnu vfkd gksaxs og og ds
ogh gksaxs f'ko-A
ikpok v/;k;
fo'ks"k.k
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nd
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336- fganh esa vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa dks NksM+ nwljs fo'ks"k.kksa esa dksbZ fodkj
ugha gksrk( ijarq lc fo'ks"k.kksa dk iz;ksx laKkvksa ds leku gksrk gS] blfy, ;g
dg ldrs gSa fd fo'ks"k.kksa esa ijks{k :i ls fyax] opu vkSj dkjd gksrs gSaA bl
izdkj ds fo'ks"k.kksa dk fodkj laKkvksa ds leku muds ^var* ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA
fo'ks"k.kksa ds eq[; rhu Hksn fd, x, gSlkoZ
a ukfed] xq.kokpd vkSj la[;kokpdA
buds :ikarjksa dk fopkj vkxs blh e ls gksxkA
337- lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds nks Hksn gSewa y vkSj ;kSfxdA ^vki*] ^D;k*
vkSj ^dqN* dks NksM+dj 'ks"k ewy lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kksa ds i'pkr~ foHkDR;ar ok
laca klwpdkar laKk vkus ij muds nksuksa opuksa esa for :i vkrk gS( tSl^eq
s >
nhu dks*] ^rqe ew[kZ ls*] ^ge czk.kksa dk keZ*] ^fdl ns'k esa*] ^ml xko rd*]
^fdlh o`{k dh Nky*] ^mu isM+ksa ij* bR;kfnA
v ^f'ko-* esa ^dkSu* 'kCn vfor :i esa vk;k gS( tSl^dkS
s u ckr esa
rqe muls c<+dj gks\* ;g iz;ksx vuqdj.kh; ugha gSA
vk ^dksbZ* 'kCn ds for :i dh f}#f ls cgqopu dk cksk gksrk gS(
ij mlds lkFk cgqkk ,dopu laKk vkrh gS( tSlfdlh&fdlh
s
riLoh us eq>s igpku
Hkh fy;k gS* 'kdq-A muesa ls dqN ,sls Hkh gSa] tks fdlh&fdlh fo'ks"k izdkj dh
jkT;i)fr dk gksuk fcydqy gh ilan ugha djrs* Lok-A for dkjdksa dh cgqopu
206 / fganh O;kdj.k
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laKk ds lkFk ^dksb&Z dksb*Z dHkh&dHkh ewy :i esa gh vkrk gS( tSls ^dksbZ&dksbZ yksxksa
dk ;g ;ku gSA* thfodk-A bl fiNys izdkj ds iz;ksx dk izpkj vfkd ugha gSA
b dqN dkyokpd laKkvksa ds vfkdj.k dkjd ds ,dopu ds lkFk ^dqN*
ds vFkZ esa ^dksb*Z dk vfor :i vkrk gS( tSl^dks
s bZ ne es*a ] ^dksbZ ?kM+h es*a ]
bR;kfnA
338- ;kSfxd lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.k vkdkjkar gksrs gS(a tSl,ss lk] oSlk] bruk]
mruk bR;kfnA ;s vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds vuqlkj
xq.kokpd vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku ns- vad339 cnyrs gS(a tSl,ss lk euq";]
,sls euq"; dks] ,sls yM+ds] ,slh yM+fd;k bR;kfnA
v ^dkSu* ^tks* vkSj ^dksbZ* ds lkFk tc ^lk* izR;; vkrk gS] rc muesa
vkdkjkar xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku fodkj gksrk gS( tSldkS
s u lk yM+dk] dkSu
lh yM+dh] dkSu ls yM+ds dks bR;kfn ns-vad 339
339- xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa dsoy vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";fu"B gksrs gSa(
vFkkZr~ os fo'ks"; ds fyax] opu vkSj dkjd ds vuqlkj cnyrs gSaA buesa ogh :ikarj
gksrs gSa] tks lacak dkjd dh foHkf ^dk* esa gksrs gSaA vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa fodkj
gksus ds fu;e ;s gSa
1 iqaYyx fo'ks"; cgqopu esa gks vFkok foHkDR;ar ok lacaklwpdkar gks]
rks fo'ks"k.k ds vaR; ^vk* ds LFkku esa ^,* gksrk gS( tSlNks
s Vs yM+d]s ps ?kj
esa cM+s yM+ds lesr bR;kfnA
2 L=khfyax fo'ks"; ds lkFk fo'ks"k.k ds vaR; ^vk* ds LFkku esa ^bZ* gksrh
gS( tSlNks
s Vh yM+dh] NksVh yM+fd;k] NksVh yM+dh dks bR;kfnA
v jktk f'koizlkn us ^bdV~Bk* fo'ks"k.k dks mnwZ Hkk"kk ds vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa
ds vuqdj.k ij cgqkk vfor :i esa fy[kk gS( tSl^nkS
s yr bdV~Bk gksrh jgh*
bfr- ij ^fo|kadjq * esa bdV~Bs vk;k gS( tSl^muds
s
bdV~B*s >aMq pyrs gSAa vU;
ys[kd bls for :i esa fy[krs gS]a tSl^bdV~
s
Bs gksus ij mu yksxksa dk og ksk
vkSj Hkh c<+ x;k* j?kq-A
vk ^tek*] ^menk* vkSj ^tjk* dks NksM+ 'ks"k mnwZ vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa dk
:ikarj fganh vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku gksrk gS( tSlnks
s "k fudkyus dh rks tqnh
ckr gS* ijh-A ^bls 'k=kq ij pykus vkSj fQj vius ikl ykSVk ysus ds ea=k tqns&tqns
gSa* j?kq-A ^cspkjs yM+ds*] cspkjh yM+dhA*
lw-dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd bu mnwZ fo'ks"k.kksa dks vfor :i esa gh fy[krs gS(a
tSl^rktk
s
gok* f'ko-( ijarq fganh dh izof` k buds :ikarj dh vksj gSA f}osnh
ths us ^Lokkhurk* esa dqN o"kZ iwoZ ^fu;e tqnk tqnk gS* fy[kdj ^j?kqoa'k* esa ^ea=k
tqns&tqns gSa* fy[kk gSA
fganh O;kdj.k / 207
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340- vkdkjkar lacaklwpd tks vFkZ esa izk;% fo'ks"k.k ds leku gSa vkdkjkar
fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku for gksrs gSa ns- vad 233vk( tSllrh
s ,slh ukjh] rkykc
dk tSlk :i] flag ds ls xq.k] Hkkst ljh[ks jktk] gfj'panz ,slk ifr bR;kfnA
v tc fdlh laKk ds lkFk vfu'p; ds vFkZ esa ^lk* izR;; vkrk gS]
rks bldk :i mlh laKk ds fyax vkSj opu ds vuqlkj cnyrk gS( tSl^eq
s >s
tkM+k lk yxrk gS*] ^,d tksr lh mrjh pyh vkrh gS* xqVdk-A ^mlus eqg ij
?kw?kV lk Mky fy;k gS* rFkk-A ^jkLrs esa iRFkj ls iM+s gSaA*
341- vkdkjkar xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dks NksM+ 'ks"k fganh xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa
esa dksbZ fodkj ugha gksrk gS( tSlyky
s
Vksih] Hkkjh cks>] <kyw tehu bR;kfnA
342- laLr xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k cgqkk dfork esa fo'ks"; ds fyax ds vuqlkj
for gksrs gSAa budk :ikarj ^var* vaR; Loj ds vuqlkj gksrk gS
v O;atukar fo'ks"k.kksa esa L=khfyax ds fy, ^bZ* yxkrs gS(a tSls
ikfiu~=ikfiuh L=kh
cqf)er=cqf)erh Hkk;kZ
xq.kor~=xq.korh dU;k
izHkko'kkfyu~=izHkko'kkfyuh Hkk"kk
^fganh j?kqoa'k* esa ^;q) lacafkuh FkdkoV* vk;k gSA
vkdbZ ,d vaxokpd rFkk nwljs vdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa Hkh cgqkk ^bZ* vkns'k
gksrk gS( tSls
lqe[klqe[q kh
panoz nupanoz nuh
n;ke;n;ke;h
lqna jlqna jh
b mdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa] fodYi ls] vaR; esa ^o* vkxe djds ^bZ* yxkrs
gS(a tSls
lkkqlkoh
lkkq ok lkoh L=kh
xq#xqohZ
xq# ;k xqohZ Nk;k
bZ vdkjkar fo'ks"k.kksa esa cgqkk ^vk* vkns'k gksrk gS( tSls
lq'khylq'khyk
vukFkvukFkk
prqjprqjk
fiz;fiz;k
ljyljyk
lPpfj=klPpfj=kk
343- la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa eokpd] vko`fkokpd vkSj vkdkjkar
ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.kksa dk :ikarj gksrk gS( tSligyh
s
iqLrd] igys yM+d]s nwljs
fnu rd] lkjs ns'k esa] nwus nkeksa ijA
208 / fganh O;kdj.k
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v viw.kkd fo'ks"k.kksa esa dsoy ^vkkk* 'kCn for gksrk gS( tSlvkks
s
xko esaA ^lok* 'kCn dk :ikarj ugha gksrk( ij blls cuk gqvk ^lok;k* 'kCn
fodkjh gS( tSllok
s ?kM+h es]a lok;s nkeksa ijA ^ikSu* 'kCn dk ,d :i ^ikSuk*
gS] tks for :i esa vkrk gS] tSlikS
s us nkeksa ij] ikSuh dher esa bR;kfnA
vk laLr eokpd fo'ks"k.kksa esa igys rhu 'kCnksa esa ^vk* vkSj 'ks"k 'kCnksa
esa vBkjg rd ^bZ* yxkdj L=khfyax cukrs gS(a tSlizs Fkek] f}rh;k] r`rh;k] prqFkhZ]
n'keh] "kksM'kh bR;kfnA vBkjg ds ij laLreokpd L=khfyax fo'ks"k.kksa dk
iz;ksx fganh esa cgqkk ugha gksrkA
b ^,d 'kCn dk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksus ij mldh dkjdjpuk ,dopu
gh gksrh gS] ij tc mldk vFkZ ^dqN yksx* gksrk gS] rc mldk :ikarj cgqopu
esa Hkh gksrk gS( tSl,dks
s a dks bl ckr dh bPNk ugha gksrhA ns- vad184&vk-
bZ ^,d nwljk* dk iz;ksx izk;% loZuke ds leku gksrk gSA ;g cgqkk fyax
vkSj opu ds dkj.k ugha cnyrk( ijarq for dkjdksa ds ,dopu esa vkdkjkar
fo'ks"k.kksa ds leku bldk vaR; ^vk* ds cnys , gks tkrk gS( tSl^;s
s nksuksa ckrsa
,d nwljs ls feyh gqbZ ekywe gksrh gSa* Lok-A ;g drkZ dkjd esa dHkh iz;q
ugha gksrkA
lw-dksb&Z dksbZ ys[kd ^,d nwljk* dks fo'ks"; ds fyax ds vuqlkj cnyrs
gS(a tSlyM+
s fd;k ,d nwljh dks pkgrh gSAa *
i.b
fo'ks"k.kksa dh rqyuk
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344- fganh ds fo'ks"k.kksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy,] muesa dksbZ fodkj ugha
gksrkA ;g vFkZ uhps fy[ks fu;eksa ds }kjk lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS
v nks oLrqvksa esa fdlh Hkh xq.k dk U;wukfkd Hkko lwfpr djus ds fy,
ftl oLrq ds lkFk rqyuk djrs gSa] mldk uke mieku viknku dkjd esa yk;k
tkrk gS vkSj ftl oLrq dh rqyuk djrs gSa] mldk uke mies; xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k
ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSl^ekjus
s
okys ls ikyusokyk cM+k gksrk gS* dgk-A ^dkj.k
rsa dkjt dfBu* jke-A ^vius dks vkSjksa ls vPNk vkSj vkSjksa dks vius ls cqjk
fn[kykus dks* xqVdk-A
vk viknku dkjd ds cnys cgqkk laKk ds lkFk ^vis{kk* ok ^cfuLcr*
dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fo'ks"k.k vFkok laKk ds lacak dkjd ds lkFk
vFkZ ds vuqlkj ^vfkd* ;k ^de* 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSl^cs
s yifr&dU;k
jktdU;k ls Hkh vfkd lqanjh] lq'khyk vkSj lPpfj=kk gS* lj-A ^esjk tekuk
caxkfy;ksa ds cfuLcr rqe fQjafx;ksa ds fy, T;knk eqlhcr dk Fkk* f'ko-A
^fganqLrku esa bl le; vkSj ns'kksa dh vis{kk lPps lkokku cgqr de gSa* ijh-A
^yM+ds dh vis{kk yM+dh de I;kjh ugha gksrhA*
fganh O;kdj.k / 209
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lw-fganh esa bZ;l~ izR;kar mnkgj.k cgqkk ugha feyrsA ^gjsfjPNk cyh;lh*
vkSj ^LoxkZnfi xjh;lh* esa laLr ds L=khfyax mnkgj.k gSaA
bZfganh esa dqN mnwZ fo'ks"k.k viuh mkjkoLFkk vkSj mkekoLFkk esa vkrss
gS(a tSlfcgrj
s
vfkd vPNk] cnrj vfkd cqjk] T;knkrj vfkdrj] is'krj
vfkdrj igysf] fo-] derjhu uhpreA
i.b
347- f;k dk mi;ksx fokku djus esa gksrk gS vkSj fokku djus esa dky
jhfr] iq#"k] fyax vkSj opu dh voLFkk dk mYys[k djuk vko';d gksrk gSA
lw-laLr esa ;s lc voLFkk, f;k gh ds :ikarj ls lwfpr gksrh gS]
ij fganh esa buds fy, cgq/kk lgdkjh f;kvksa dk dke iM+rk gSA
348- f;k esa okP;] dky] vFkZ] iq#"k] fyax vkSj opu ds dkj.k fodkj
gksrk gSA ftl f;k esa ;s fodkj ik, tkrs gSa vkSj ftlds }kjk fokku fd;k
tk ldrk gS] mls lekfidk f;k dgrs gS]a tSl^yM+
s dk [ksyrk gSA* bl okD; esa
^[ksyrk gS* lekfidk f;k gS( ^ukSdj dke ij x;kA* ;gk ^x;k* lekfidk f;k gSA
1 okP;
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349- okP; f;k esa ml :ikarj dks dgrs gSa] ftlls tkuk tkrk gS fd
okD; esa drkZ ds fo"k; esa fokku fd;k x;k gS ok deZ ds fo"k; esa vFkok dsoy
Hkko ds fo"k; es(a tSl^L=kh
s diM+k lhrh gS* drkZ] ^diM+k fl;k tkrk gS* deZ]
^;gk cSBk ugha tkrk* HkkoA
Vh-okP; dk ;g y{k.k fganh ds vfkdka'k O;kdj.kksa esa fn, gq, y{k.kksa
esa fHkUu gSA muesa okP; dk y{k.k laLr O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj f;k esa dsoy
:i ds vkkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA laLr esa okP; dk fu.kZ; dsoy :i ij gks
ldrk gS( ij fganh esa f;k ds dbZ ,d iz;ksxtSlyM+
s ds us ikB i<+k] jkuh
us lgsfy;ksa dks cqyk;k] yM+dksa dks xkM+h ij fcBk;k tk;,sls gS]a tks :i ds vuqlkj
,d okP; esa] vFkZ ds vuqlkj nwljs okP; esa vkrs gSaA blfy, laLr O;kdj.k
ds vuqlkj] dsoy :i ds vkkkj ij ;g y{k.k fd;k tk;sxk rks vFkZ ds vuqlkj
okP; ds dbZ ladh.kZ layXu foHkkx djus iM+saxs vkSj ;g fo"k; lgt gksus ds
cnys dfBu gks tk;sxkA
212 / fganh O;kdj.k
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lo
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Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
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po
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354- deZokP; ds cnys fganh esa cgqkk uhps fy[kh jpuk, vkrh gSaA
1 dHkh&dHkh lkekU; orZekudky dh vU; iq#"k cgqopu f;k dk mi;ksx
dj drkZ dk v;kgkj djrs gS(a tSl^,s
s lk dgrs gS*a ,slk dgk tkrk gSA ^,slk
lqurs gSa* ,slk lquk tkrk gSA ^lwr dks dkrrs gSa vkSj mlls diM+k cukrs gSa*
lwr dkrk tkrk gS vkSj mlls diM+k cuk;k tkrk gSA ^rjkoV ds fy, rkyq
ij rsy eyrs gSaA*
2 dHkh&dHkh deZokP; dh lekukfFkZuh vdeZd f;k dk iz;ksx gksrk gS(
tSl^?kj
s curk gS* cuk;k tkrk gSA ^og yM+kbZ esa ejk* ekjk x;kA ^lM+d
flap jgh gS* lhaph tk jgh gSA
3 dqN ldeZd f;kFkZd laKkvksa ds vfkdj.k dkjd ds lkFk ^vkuk*
f;k ds foof{kr dky dk mi;ksx djrs gS(a tSl^lq
s uus esa vk;k gS* lquk x;k
gS] ^ns[kus esa vkrk gS* ns[kk tkrk gS bR;kfnA
4 fdlh&fdlh ldeZd kkrq ds lkFk ^iM+uk* f;k dk bfPNr dky yxkrs
gS(a tSl^;s
s lc ckrsa ns[k iM+xas h vkxs* lj-A tku iM+rk gS( lqu iM+rk gSA
5 dHkh&dHkh iwfrZ laKk ;k fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk ^gksuk* f;k ds foof{kr
dkyksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS( tSlukud
s
ml xko ds iVokjh gq, cuk, x,A ;g
jhfr izpfyr gqbZ dh xbZA
6 Hkwrdkfyd nar fo'ks"k.k ds lkFk lacak dkjd vkSj ^gksuk* f;k
ds dkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS( tSl;g
s ckr esjh tkuh gqbZ gS esjs }kjk tkuh
xbZ gSA ;g dke yM+ds dk fd;k gksxk yM+ds ls fd;k x;k gksxkA
355- HkkookP; f;k cgqkk v'kDrrk ds vFkZ esa vkrh gS( tSlogk
s dSls
cSBk tk,xkA yM+ds ls ugha pyk tkrkA
v v'kDrrk ds vFkZ esa ldeZd vkSj vdeZd nksuksa izdkj dh f;kvksa
ds viw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar ds lkFk ^cuuk* f;k ds dkyksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djrs
gS(a tSljks
s Vh [kkrs ugha curk] yM+ds ls pyrs u cusxk] bR;kfn ns- vad 416A
lw-la;Dq r f;kvksa ds HkkookP; dk fopkj vkxs 426osa vad esa fd;k
tk;xkA
356- f}deZd f;kvksa ds deZokP; esa eq[; deZ ms'; gksrk gS vkSj xkS.k deZ
T;ksa dk R;ksa jgrk gS( tSljktk
s dks HksVa nh xbZA fo|kFkhZ dks xf.kr fl[kk;k tk;xkA
v viw.kZ ldeZd f;kvksa ds deZokP; esa eq[; deZ ms'; gksrk gS] ijarq
og dHkh&dHkh deZdkjd gh esa vkrk gS( tSlflikgh
s
ljnkj cuk;k x;kA dkaLVscyksa
dks dkWyst ds vgkrs esa u [kM+k fd;k tkrk* f'ko-A
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2 dky
dky
lkekU;
viw.kZ
iw.kZ
og pyrk gS
og pyk
og py jgk gS
og py jgk Fkk
og pyrk Fkk
og pyk gS
og pyk Fkk
hi
orZeku
Hkwr
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
357- f;k ds ml :ikarj.k dks dky dgrs gSa] ftlls f;k ds O;kikj
dk le; rFkk mldh iw.kZ ok viw.kZ voLFkk dk cksk gksrk gS( tSleSs a tkrk gw
orZekudky] eSa tkrk Fkk viw.kZ Hkwrdky] eSa tkxk Hkfo";r~ dkyA
lw-1 dky le; vukfn vkSj vuar gSA mldk dksbZ [kaM ugha gks
ldrkA rFkkfi oDrk ok ys[kd dh n`f"V ls le; ds rhu Hkkx dfYir fd, tk
ldrs gSaA ftl le; oDrk ok ys[kd cksyrk ok fy[krk gks] ml le; dks orZeku
dky dgrs gSa vkSj mlds igys dk le; Hkwrdky rFkk ihNs dk le; Hkfo";r~
dky dgykrk gSA bu rhuksa dkyksa dk cksk f;k ds :iksa ls gksrk gS( blfy,
f;k ds :i Hkh ^dky* dgykrs gSaA f;k ds ^dky* ls dsoy O;kikj ds le;
gh dk cksk ugha gksrk] fdarq mldh iw.kZrk ok viw.kZrk Hkh lwfpr gksrh gSA blfy,
f;k ds :ikarjksa ds vuqlkj izR;sd ^dky* ds Hkh Hksn ekus tkrs gSaA
2 ;g ckr Lej.kh; gS fd dky f;k ds :i dk uke gS] blfy, nwljs
'kCn ftuls dky dk cksk gksrk gS] ^dky* ugha dgkrs( tSlvkt]
s
dy] ijlks]a
vHkh] ?kM+h] iy bR;kfnA
358- fganh esa f;k ds dkyksa ds eq[; rhu Hksn gksrs gS1
a orZeku dky]
2 Hkwrdky] 3 Hkfo";r~ dkyA f;k dh iw.kZrk ok viw.kZrk ds fopkj ls igys
nks dkyksa ds nks&nks Hksn vkSj gksrs gSaA Hkfo";r~ dky esa O;kikj dh iw.kZ ok viw.kZ
voLFkk lwfpr djus ds fy, fganh esa f;k ds dksbZ fo'ks"k :i ugha ik, tkrs(
blfy, bl dky ds dbZ Hksn ugha gksrsA f;k ds ftl :i ls dsoy dky dk
cksk gksrk gS vkSj O;kikj dh iw.kZ ok viw.kZ voLFkk dk cksk ugha gksrk mls dky dh
lkekU; voLFkk dgrs gSaA O;kikj dh lkekU;] viw.kZ vkSj iw.kZ voLFkk ls dkyksa
ds tks Hksn gksrs gS]a muds uke vkSj mnkgj.k uhps fy[ks tkrs gSa
ok
Hkfo";r~
og pysxk
Bo
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;gh ckr viw.kZ orZeku ds :iksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh dgh tk ldrh gSA
geus bl dky ds mnkgj.k dsoy dkyO;oLFkk dh iw.kZrk ds fy, fn, gSaA
bl izdkj ds :iksa dk O;kikj la;q f;kvksa ds ek;e esa fd;k tk;xkA nsvad 407] 412] 415
dkyksa ds lacak esa ;g ckr Hkh fopkj.kh; gS fd dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k bUgsa
lkFkZd uke lkekU; orZeku] iw.kZ Hkwr vkfn nsuk Bhd ugha le>rs] D;ksafd fdlh
,d uke ls ,d dky ds lc vFkZ lwfpr ugha gksrsA HkV~V th us buds uke laLr
ds yV~] yksV~] y~ vkfn ds vuqdj.k ij ^igyk :i* ^rhljk :i* vkfn dfYir
uke j[ks gSaA dkjdksa ds ukeksa ds leku dkyksa ds uke Hkh O;kdj.k esa fooknxzLr
fo"k; gSa( ijarq ftu dkj.kksa ls fganh esa dkjdksa ds lkFkZd uke j[kuk iz;kstuh;
gS] mUgha dkj.kksa ds dkyksa ds lkFkZd uke Hkh vko';d gSaA
dkyksa ds ukeksa esa geus igys izpfyr ^vklUu Hkwrdky* ds cnys ^iw.kZ orZeku
dky* uke j[kk gSA bl dky ls Hkwrdky esa vkjaHk gksusokyh f;k dh iw.kZrk
orZeku dky esa lwfpr gksrh gS( blfy, ;g fiNyk uke gh vfkd lkFkZd tku
iM+rk gS vkSj blls dkyksa ds ukeksa esa ,d izdkj dh O;oLFkk Hkh vk tkrh gSA
3 vFkZ
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i.b
359- f;k ds ftl :i ls fokku djus dh jhfr dk cksk gksrk gS] mls
^vFkZ* dgrs gS(a tSlyM+
s dk tkrk gS fu'p;] yM+dk tkos laHkkouk] rqe tkvks
vkKk] ;fn yM+dk tkrk rks vPNk gksrk ladsrA
Vh-fganh ds vfkdka'k O;kdj.kksa esa bl :ikarj dk fopkj vyx ugha fd;k
x;k] fdarq dky ds lkFk feyk fn;k x;k gSA vkne lkgc ds O;kdj.k esa ^fu;e* ds
uke ls bl :ikarj dk fopkj gqvk gS vkSj ik;s egk'k; us L;kr~ ejkBh ds vuqdj.k
ij viuh ^Hkk"kkronhfidk* esa bldk fopkj ^vFkZ* uke ls fd;k gSA bl :ikarj
dk uke dkys egk'k; us Hkh vius vxjsth] laLr O;kdj.k esa yksV~] fofkfy~
vkfn ds fy, ^vFkZ* gh j[kk gSA ;g uke ^fu;e* dh vis{kk vfkd izpfyr
gS] blfy, ge Hkh bldk iz;ksx djrs gSa] ;|fi ;g FkksM+k cgqr Hkzked vo'; gSA
f;k ds :iksa ls dsoy le; dh iw.kZ vFkok viw.kZ voLFkk gh dk cksk
ugha gksrk] fdarq fu'p;] lansg] laHkkouk] vkKk] ladsr vkfn dk Hkh cksk gksrk
gS( blfy, bu :iksa dk Hkh O;kdj.k esa laxzg fd;k tkrk gS] bu :iksa ls dky
dk Hkh cksk gksrk gS vkSj vFkZ dk Hkh] vkSj fdlh :i esa ;s nksuksa brus feys jgrs
gSa fd mudks vyx&vyx djds crkuk dfBu gks tkrk gS( tSl^ogk
s
u tkuk
iq=k] dgha* ,dkar-A bl okD; esa dsoy vkKkFkZ gh ugha gS] fdarq Hkfo;r~ dky
Hkh gS] blfy, ;g fuf'pr djuk dfBu gS] ^tkuk* dky dk :i gS] vFkok vFkZ
218 / fganh O;kdj.k
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dkA dnkfpr~ blh dfBukbZ ls cpus ds fy, fganh ds oS;kdj.k dky vkSj vFkZ
dks feykdj f;k ds :iksa dk oxhZdj.k djrs gSaA blds fy, mUgsa dky ds y{k.k
esa dguk iM+rk gS fd ^f;k* dk ^dky* le; ds vfrfj O;kikj dh O;oLFkk
Hkh crkrk gS] vFkkZr~ O;kikj lekIr gqvk ;k ugha gqvk] gksxk vFkok mlds gksus
esa lansg gSA ^dky* ds y{k.k dks bruk O;kid dj nsus ij Hkh vkKk laHkkouk
vkSj ladsr vFkZ cp tkrs gSa] vkSj bu vFkks ds vuqlkj Hkh f;k ds :iksa dk
oxhZdj.k djuk vko';d gksrk gSA blfy, le; vkSj iw.kZrk ok viw.kZrk ds flok
f;k ds tks vkSj vFkZ gksrs gSa] muds vuqlkj vyx oxhZdj.k djuk mfpr gS]
;|fi bl oxhZdj.k esa FkksM+h&cgqr v'kkL=kh;rk vo'; gSA
360- fganh esa f;kvksa ds eq[; ikp vFkZ gksrs gS1
a fu'p;kFkZ] 2
laHkkoukFkZ] 3 lansgkFkZ] 4 vkKkFkZ vkSj 5 ladsrkFkZA
1 f;k ds ftl :i ls fdlh ckr dk fu'p; lwfpr gksrk gS] mls fu'p;kFkZ
dgrs gS(a tSl^yM+
s dk vkrk gS*] ^ukSdj fpV~Bh ugha yk;k*] ^ge fdrkc i<+rs jgsxa *s ]
^D;k vkneh u tk;xkA*
lw- d fganh esa fu'p;kFkZ f;k dk dksbZ fo'ks"k :i ugha gSA tc f;k
fdlh fo'ks"k vFkZ esa ugha vkrh] rc mls] lqHkhrs ds fy,] fu'p;kFkZ esa eku ysrs
gSAa ^dky* ds foospu esa igys ns- vad358 tks mnkgj.k fn, x, gS]a os lc
fu'p;kFkZ ds mnkgj.k gSaA
[k iz'uokpd okD;ksa esa f;k ds :i ls iz'u lwfpr ugha gksrk] blfy,
iz'u dks f;k dk vyx ^vFkZ* ugha ekursA ;|fi iz'u iwNus esa ok ds eu
esa lansg dk vkHkkl jgrk gS] rFkkfi iz'u dk mkj lnSo lafnXk ugha gksrkA ^D;k
yM+dk vk;k gS\* bl iz'u dk mkj fu'p;iwod
Z fn;k tk ldrk gS( tSl^yM+
s dk
vk;k gS* ^vFkok yM+dk ugha vk;kA* blds flok iz'u Lo;a dbZ vFkks esa fd;k
tk ldrk gS( tSl^D;k
s
yM+dk vk;k gS* fu'p;] ^yM+dk dSls vkos\* laHkkouk]
^yM+dk vk;k gksxk* lansg bR;kfnA
2 laHkkoukFkZ f;k ls vuqeku] bPNk] dkZO; vkfn dk cksk gksrk gS(
tSldnkfpr~
s
ikuh cjls vuqeku] rqEgkjh t; gks bPNk] jktk dks mfpr gS
fd iztk dk ikyu djs dkZO;] bR;kfnA
3 langs kFkZ f;k ls fdlh ckr dk langs tkuk tkrk gS( tSl^yM+
s dk vkrk
gksxk*] ^ukSdj x;k gksxkA*
4 vkKkFkZ f;k ls vkKk] mins'k] fu"ksk vkfn dk cksk gksrk gS( tSlrqs e
tkvks] yM+dk tkos] ogk er tkuk] D;k eSa tk izkFkZuk bR;kfnA
lw-vkKkFkZ vkSj laHkkoukFkZ ds :iksa esa cgqr dqN lekurk gSA ;g ckr
vkxs dkyjpuk ds foospu esa tku iM+sxhA laHkkoukFkZ ds dkZO;] ;ksX;rk vkfn
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
fu'p;kFkZ
laHkkoukFkZ
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
vkKkFkZ
ladsrkFkZ
hi
nd
i.b
1- lkekU;
7- laHkkO; 10- lafnXk 12- izR;{k 14- lkekU;
orZeku
orZeku
orZeku
fofk
ladsrkFkZ
og pyrk gS
og pyrk
og pyrk
rw py
og pyrk
2- iw.kZ
gks
gksxk
13- ijks{k
15- viw.kZ
orZeku
8- laHkkO; 11- lafnXk
fofk
ladsrkFkZ
og pyk gS
Hkwr
Hkwr
rw pyuk
og pyrk
3- lkekU;
og pyk gks og pyk
gksrk
Hkwr
9- laHkkO;
gksxk
16- iw.kZ
og pyk
Hkfo";r~
ladsrkFkZ
4- viw.kZ
og pys
og pyk
Hkwr
gksrk
og pyrk Fkk
5- iw.kZ Hkwr
og pyk Fkk
6- lkekU;
Hkfo";r~
og pysxk
Bo
ok
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ds y{k.k ?kVrs gSAa dkyksa ds izpfyr ukeksa esa geus nks uke cny fn, gS1
a
vklUuHkwr] 2 gsrqgsrqen~HkwrA vklUuHkwr uke cnyus dk dkj.k igys dgk tk pqdk
gS( rFkkfi dkyjpuk esa blh uke dk mi;ksx Bhd tku iM+rk gSA ^gsrqgsrqen~Hkwr*
uke cnyus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd bl dky ds rhu :i gksrs gSa] ftuesa ls izR;sd dk
iz;ksx vyx&vyx izdkj dk gS vkSj ftudk vFkZ ,d gh uke ls lwfpr ugha gksrkA
;s dky dsoy ladsrkFkZ essa vkrs gSa] blfy, buds ukeksa ds lkFk ^ladsr* 'kCn j[kuk
mlh izdkj vko';d gS] ftl izdkj ^laHkkO;* vkSj ^lafnXk* 'kCn laHkkoukFkZ vkSj
lansgkFkZ lwfpr djus ds fy, vko';d gksrs gSAa
tks dky vkSj uke izpfyr O;kdj.kksa esa ugha ik, tkrs] os mnkgj.k lfgr
;gk fy[ks tkrs gSa
izpfyr uke
u;k uke
mnkgj.k
vklUu Hkwrdky
iw.kZ orZeku dky
og pyk gS
laHkkO; Hkwrdky
og pyk gks
fofk
izR;{k fofk
rw py
gsrqgrs qen~Hkwrdky
lkekU; ladsrkFkZ
og pyrk
viw.kZ ladrs kFkZ
og pyrk gksrk
iw.kZ ladsrkFkZ
og pyrk gksrk
2 dkyksa ds fo'ks"k vFkZ okD;foU;kl esa fy[ks tk;xsA
nd
iz;ksx
362- fganh f;kvksa esa rhu iq#"k mke] e;e vkSj vU;] nks fyax iqaYyx
vkSj L=khfyax vkSj nks opu ,dopu vkSj cgqopu gksrs gSAa mnkgj.k
,dopu
cgqopu
mke iq#"k
e;e iq#"k
vU; iq#"k
eSa pyrk gw
rw pyrk gS
og pyrk gS
ge pyrs gSa
rqe pyrs gks
os pyrs gSa
hi
iq#"k
ok
Bo
iqaYyx
mke iq#"k
e;e iq#"k
vU; iq#"k
L=khfyax
eSa pyrh gw
rw pyrh gS
og pyrh gS
ge pyrh gSa
rqe pyrh gks
os pyrh gSa
fganh O;kdj.k / 221
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lw-la;
q f;kvksa ds iz;ksxksa dk fopkj okD;foU;kl esa fd;k tk;xkA
ns- vad 628&638A
367- deZf.kiz;ksx nks izdkj dk gksrk gS1 dr`oZ kP; deZf.kiz;ksx] 2
deZokP; deZf.kiz;ksxA
1 ^cksyuk* oxZ dh ldeZd f;kvksa dks NksM+ 'ks"k dr`ZokP; vdeZd f;k,
Hkwrdkfyd nar ls cus dkyksa esa vizR;; deZ dkjd ds lkFk deZf.kiz;ksx esa
vkrh gS(a tSleSs ua s iqLrd i<+h] ea=kh us i=k fy[ks bR;kfnA drZo` kP; ds deZf.kiz;ksx
esa drkZ dkjd lizR;; jgrk gSA
2 deZokP; dh lc f;k, ns- vad 350] 393 vizR;; deZdkjd ds
lkFk deZf.kiz;ksx esa vkrh gS(a tSl^fpV~
s Bh Hksth xbZ*] ^yM+dk cqyk;k tk;xk*
bR;kfnA ;fn deZokP; ds deZf.kiz;ksx esa drkZ dh vko';drk gks] rks og dj.k
dkjd esa vFkok ^}kjk* 'kCn ds lkFk vkrk gS( tSleqs >ls iqLrd i<+h xbZA esjs
}kjk iqLrd i<+h xbZA
368- Hkkosi;z ksx rhu izdkj dk gksrk gS1 dr`oZ kP; Hkkosi;z ksx] 2
deZokP; Hkkosiz;ksx] 3 Hkkookpd Hkkosiz;ksxA
1 dr`ZokP; Hkkosiz;ksx esa ldeZd f;k ds drkZ vkSj deZ nksuksa lizR;;
jgrs gSa vkSj ;fn f;k vdeZd gks] rks dsoy drkZ lizR;; jgrk gS( tSl^jkuh
s
us lgsfy;ksa dks cqyk;k*] ^geus ugk;k gS*] ^yM+dh us Nhadk FkkA*
2 deZokP; Hkkosiz;ksx esa deZ lizR;; jgrk gS vkSj ;fn drkZ dh
vko';drk gks rks og ^}kjk* ds lkFk vFkok dj.k dkjd esa vkrk gS( ijarq cgqkk og
yqIr jgrk gS( tSl^mls
s vnkyr esa is'k fd;k x;kA* ^ukSdj dks ogk Hkstk tk;xkA*
lw-vizR;; deZ dkjd dk mi;ksx okD;foU;kl ds dkjd izdj.k esa fy[kk
tk;xk ns- vad 520A
3 HkkookP; Hkkosiz;ksx esa drkZ dh vko';drk gks] rks mls dj.k dkjd
esa j[krs gS(a tSl^;gk
s
cSBk ugha tkrk*] ^eq>ls pyk ugha tkrk* bR;kfnA HkkookP;
Hkkosiz;ksx esa lnk vdeZd f;k vkrh gS ns- va- 352A
5 nar
Bo
ok
369- f;k ds ftu :iksa dk mi;ksx nwljs 'kCnHksnksa ds leku gksrk gS] mUgsa
nar dgrs gS(a tSlpyuk
s
laKk] pyrk fo'ks"k.k] pydj f;kfo'ks"k.k] ekjs]
fy, lacaklwpd bR;kfnA
lw-dbZ narksa dk mi;ksx dkyjpuk rFkk la;
q f;kvksa esa gksrk gS vkSj
;s lc kkrqvksa ls curs gSaA
370- fganh esa :i ds vuqlkj nar nks izdkj ds gksrs gS1
a fodkjh] 2
fganh O;kdj.k / 223
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
1- fodkjh nar
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^iky* ls O;qRiUu gqvk ekurs gSa] vkSj ^gkj* dks laLr ds ^dkj* izR;; ls fudyk
gqvk le>rs gSaA
374- orZekudkfyd nar kkrq ds var esa ^rk* yxkus ls curk gS( tSlpyrk]
s
cksyrk bR;kfnA bldk iz;ksx cgqkk fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gS vkSj bldk :i
vkdkjkar fo'ks"k.k ds leku cnyrk gS( tSlcgrk
s
ikuh] pyrh pDdh] thrs dhM+s
bR;kfnA dHkh&dHkh bldk iz;ksx laKk ds leku gksrk gS] vkSj rc bldh dkjdjpuk
vkdkjkar iqa Yyx laKk ds leku gksrh gS( tSlejrk
s
D;k u djrkA Mwcus dks
fruds dk lgkjk cl gSA ekjrksa ds vkxs] Hkkxrksa ds ihNsA
375- Hkwrdkfyd nar kkrq ds var esa vk tksM+us ls curk gSA mldh jpuk
uhps fy[ks fu;eksa ds vuqlkj gksrh gS
1 vkdkjkar kkrq ds vR; ^v* ds LFkku esa ^vk* dj nsrs gSAa tSls
cksyukcksyk
igpkuukigpkuk
MjukMjk
ekjukekjk
le>ukle>k
[khapuk[khapk
2 kkrq ds var esa vk] , ok vks gks rks kkrq ds var esa ^;k* dj nsrs( tSls
ykukyk;k
cksukcks;k
dgykukdgyk;k
MqcksukMqck;k
[ksuk[ks;k
lsukls;k
v ;fn kkrq ds var esa bZ gks rks mls Lo dj nsrs gS(a tSlihukfi;k]
s
thukft;k] lhukfl;kA
3 dkjkar kkrq dh ^* dks Lo djds mlds vkxs ^vk* yxkrs gSaA
tSlpws ukpv
q k
NwukNqvk
376- uhps fy[ks Hkwrdkfyd nar fu;efo#) curs gSa
gksukgqvk
tkukx;k
djukfd;k
ejukeqvk
nsukfn;k
ysukfy;k
lw-^eqvk* dsoy dfork esa vkrk gSA x| esa ^ejk* 'kCn izpfyr gSA eqvk]
Nqvk vkfn 'kCnksa dks dksbZ dksbZ ys[kd eqok] gqok] Nqok vkfn :iksa esa fy[krs gSa(
ij ;s :i v'kq) gSa] D;ksafd ,slk mPpkj.k ugha gksrk vkSj ;s f'k"VlEer Hkh ugha
gSaA djuk dk Hkwrdkfyd nar ^djk* izkafrd iz;ksx gSA ^tkuk* dk Hkwwrdkfyd
nar ^tk;k* la;Dq r f;kvksa esa vkrk gSA bldk :i ^x;k* la-xr% ls izk-xvks
ds }kjk cuk gSA
377- Hkwrdkfyd nar dk iz;ksx cgqkk fo'ks"k.k ds leku gksrk gSA tSlejk
s
?kksM+k] fxjk ?kj] mBk gkFk] lquh ckr] Hkkxk pksjA
fganh O;kdj.k / 225
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
lo
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po
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i.b
2- nar vO;;
Bo
ok
hi
nd
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Bo
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hi
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Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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6 dkyjpuk
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385- f;k ds okP;] vFkZ] dky] iq#"k] fyax vkSj jpuk ds dkj.k gksusokys
lc :iksa dk laxzg djuk dkyjpuk dgykrh gSA
d fganh ds lksyg dky jpuk ds fopkj ls rhu Hkkxksa esa ckVs tk ldrs
gSaA igys oxZ esa os dky vkrs gSa] tks kkrq esa izR;;ksa ds yxkus ls curs gSa] nwljs
oxZ esa os dky gSa] tks orZekudkfyd nar esa lgdkjh f;k ^gksuk* ds :i yxkus
ls curs gSa vkSj rhljs oxZ esa os dky vkrs gSa] tks Hkwrdkfyd nar esa mlh lgdkjh
f;k ds :i tksM+dj cuk, tkrs gSaA bu oxks ds vuqlkj dkyksa dk oxhZdj.k
uhps fn;k tkrk gS
kkrq ls cus gq, dky
nd
laHkkO; Hkfo";r~
lkekU; Hkfo";r~
izR;{k fofk
ijks{k fofk
hi
1
2
3
4
i.b
igyk oxZ
nwljk oxZ
Bo
ok
1
2
3
4
5
6
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
t.c
om
rhljk oxZ
hi
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1 lkekU; Hkwr
2 vklUu Hkwr iw.kZ orZeku
3 iw.kZ Hkwr
4 laHkkO; Hkwr
5 lafnXk Hkwr
6 iw.kZ ladsrkFkZ
[k bu rhuksa oxks esa igys oxZ ds pkjksa dky rFkk lkekU; ladsrkFkZ vkSj
lkekU; Hkwr dsoy izR;;ksa ds ;ksx ls curs gSa] blfy, ;s Ng dky lkkkj.k dky
dgykrs gSa] vkSj 'ks"k nl dky lgdkjh f;k ds ;ksx ls cuus ds dkj.k la;q
dky dgs tkrs gSaA dksbZ&dksbZ oS;kdj.k dsoy igys Ng dkyksa dks ;FkkFkZ ^dky*
ekurs gSa vkSj fiNys nl dkyksa dks la;qDr f;kvksa esa fxurs gSa D;ksafd budh
jpuk nks f;kvksa ds esy ls gksrh gSA igys ns- vad 49 Vh- esa dgk tk pqdk
gS fd fganh&laLr ds leku :ikarj'khy vkSj la;ksxkRed Hkk"kk ugha gS1( blfy,
buesa 'kCnksa ds leklksa dks dHkh&dHkh lqHkhrs ds fy, mudk :ikarj eku ysrs gSaA
blds flok fganh esa la;qDr f;k, vyx ekuus dh pky iqjkuh gS] ftldk dkj.k
;g gS fd dqN la;qDr f;k, dqN fo'ks"k dkyksa esa gh vkrh gSa vkSj dbZ ,d
la;qDr f;k, laKkvksa ds esy ls curh gSaA bl fo"k; dk fo'ks"k fopkj vkxs
va- 400 esa fd;k tk;xkA ftu dkyksa dks ^la;qDr dky* dgrs gSa] os narksa
ds lkFk dsoy ,d gh lgdkjh f;k ds esy ls curs gSa vkSj muls la;qDr f;kvksa
ds fo'ks"k vFkZvokkj.k] 'kf] vkjaHk] vodk'k vkfnlwfpr ugha gksr]s blfy,]
la;
q
dkyksa dks la;q f;k ls vyx ekurs gSaA ^la;qDr dky* 'kCn ds fo"k; esa fdlh
fdlh dks tks vk{ksi gS] mlds lacak esa dsoy bruk gh dguk gS fd ^dfYir* uke
dh vis{kk dqN Hkh lkFkZd uke j[kus ls mlds mYys[k djus esa vfkd lqHkhrk gSA
1- dr`ZokP;
Bo
ok
386- igys oxZ ds pkjksa dkyksa ds drZ`okP; ds :i uhps fy[ks vuqlkj curs gSa
1 laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky cukus ds fy, kkrq esa ;s izR;; tksMs+ tkrs gSa
iq#"k
,dopu
cgqopu
mke iq#"k
,
e/;e iq#"k
,
vks
vU; iq#"k
,
,
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
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v ;fn kkrq vdkjkar gksa] rks ;s izR;; ^vk* ds LFkku esa yxk, tkrs gSa(
tSl^fy[k*
s
ls ^fy[ks]a ^dg* ls ^dgs*a ^cksy* ls ^cksy*as bR;kfnA
vk ;fn kkrq ds var esa vkdkj ok vksdkj gks rks ^* vkSj ^vks* dks
NksM+ 'ks"k izR;;ksa ds igys fodYi ls ^o* dk vkxe gksrk gS( tSl^tk*
s ls tk,
ok tkos] ^xk* ls xk, ok xkos] ^[kks* ls [kks, ok [kksos bR;kfnA bZdkjkar vkSj dkjkar
kkrqvkssa esa tc fodYi ls ^ok* dk vkxe ugha gksrk rc mudk vaR; Loj Lo
gks tkrk gS( tSlft
s ] ftvks] fi, ok ihos] fl, ok lhos]a Nq, ok NwoAs
b ,dkjkar kkrqvksa esa vkSj vks dks NksM+ 'ks"k izR;;ksa ds igys ^o* dk
vkxe gksrk gS( tSls* lsosa] [ksosa] nsosa bR;kfnA
bZ nsuk vkSj ysuk f;kvksa ds kkrqvksa esa] fodYi ls v vkSj bZ ds
vuqlkj izR;;ksa dk vkns'k gksrk gS( tSlnws ] ns ] ns nsos nks nsvks] yw] ys
ysos] yks ysvksA
m vkdkjkar kkrqvksa ds ijs , vkSj , ds LFkku esa fodYi ls e'k% ;
vkSj ; vkrs gS(a tSltk;
s
tk;] [kk; [kk;] bR;kfnA
^gksuk* ds :i ij fy[ks fu;eksa ds fo#) gksrs gSaA ;s vkxs fn, tk;xsA
lw-dbZ ys[kd ykoks] fi;s] tk;s] tko vkfn :i fy[krs gS(a ij ;s v'kq) gSAa
2 lkekU; Hkfo";r~ dky dh jpuk ds fy, laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ ds izR;sd
iq#"k esa iaqYyx ,dopu ds fy, xk] iqaYyx cgqopu ds fy, xs vkSj L=khfyax
,dopu ds fy, xh yxkrs gS(a tSltk
s xk] tk;x]s tk;xh] tkvksxh vkfnA
lw-^Hkk"kkizHkkdj* esa L=khfyax cgqopu dk fp xha fy[kk gS ijarq Hkk"kk
esa ^xh* gh dk izpkj gS vkSj Lo;a oS;kdj.k us tks mnkgj.k fn, gSa] muesa Hkh ^xh*
gh vk;k gSA bl izR;; ds lacak esa geus tks fu;e fn;k gS] og flrkjs fgan vkSj
ia- jkeltu ds O;kdj.kksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA lkekU; Hkfo";r~ dk izR;; ^xk*
laLrxr%] izkrxvks ls fudyk gqvk tku iM+rk gS] D;ksfa d og fyax vkSj
opu ds vuqlkj cnyrk gS rFkk blds vkSj ewy f;k ds chp esa ^gh* vO;;
vk ldrk gS ns- vad227A
3 izR;{k fofk dk :i laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ ds :i ds leku gksrk gS] nksuksa
esa dsoy e;e iq#"k ds ,dopu dk varj gSA fofk dk e;e iq#"k ,dopu
kkrq gh ds leku gksrk gS( tSl^dguk*
s
ls ^dg*] ^tkuk*] ls ^tk* bR;kfnA
lw-^'kdq-* esa fofk ds e;e iq#"k ,dopu dk :i laHkkO; Hkfo";r~
gh ds leku vk;k gS( tSl^d.ogs
s
csVh] esjs fuR; deZ esa fo?u er MkysA*
v vknjlwpd ^vki* ds fy, e;e iq#"k esa kkrq ds lkFk&lkFk ^b,*
ok ^b,xk* tksM+ nsrs gS(a tSlvkb,]
s
cSfB,] iku [kkb,xkA
vk ysuk] nsuk] ihuk] djuk vkSj gksrk ds vknjlwpd fofkdky esa ^b,*
230 / fganh O;kdj.k
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ok ^b,xk* ds igys t dk vkxe gksrk gS vkSj muds Lojksa esa izk;% ogh :ikarj
gksrk gS tks bu f;kvksa ds Hkwrdkfyd nar cukus esa fd;k tkrk gS ns- vad
376( tSlyss ukyhft,] djukdhft,] nsuknhft,] gksukgwft,] ihukihft,
bR;kfnA
lw-gksuk dk vknjlwpd fofkdky gksb, dk Hkh pyu vfkd gS( tSlvki
s
lHkkifr gksb,] ftlls dk;Z vkjaHk fd;k tk ldsA*
b ^djuk* dk vknjlwpd fofkdky ^dfj,* ^'kdq-* esa vk;k gS( ij ;g
iz;ksx vuqdj.kh; ugha gSA
bZ dHkh&dHkh vknjlwpd fofk dk mi;ksx laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ ds vFkZ esa
vkrk gS( tSl^eu
s esa ,slh vkrh gS fd lc NksMN+ kM+ cSB jfg,* 'kdq-A ^ok;l
ikfy; vfr vuqjkxk* jke-A
m ^pkfg,* ;FkkFkZ esa vknjlwpd fofk dk :i gS] ij blls orZekudky
dh vko';drk dk cksk gksrk gS( tSl^eq
s >s iqLrd pkfg,*] ^mUgsa vkSj D;k pkfg,\*
vknjlwpd fofk dk nwljk :i xkar dHkh&dHkh vknj ds fy,
lkekU; Hkfo";r~ vkSj ijks{k fofk esa Hkh vkrk gS( tSl^dkS
s u lh jkr vku
fefy,xkA* ^eq>s nkl le>dj ik jf[k,xkA*
4 ijks{k fofk dsoy e;e iq#"k esa vkrh gS vkSj nksuksa opuksa esa ,d
gh :i dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA blds nks :i gksrs gS1
a f;kFkZd laKk r}r~ ijks{k
fofk gksrh gS] 2 vknjlwpd fofk ds var esa vks vkns'k gksrk gS( tSl1
s rw
jguk lq[k ls ifrlax lj-A izFke feyki dks Hkwy er tkuk 'kdq-A 2 rw fdlh
ds lksagha er dfg;ks izse-A firk] bl yrk dks esjs gh leku fxfu;ksA 'kdq-A
v ^vki* ds lkFk vknjlwpd fofk dk nwljk :i vkrk gSA 3 tSl^vki
s
ogk u tkb,xkA* ^vki u tkb;ks* f'k"V iz;ksx ugha gSA
vk vknjlwpd fofk esa ^t* ds i'pkr~ b, vkSj b;ks cgqkk e ls ,s
vkSj vks gks tkrs gS(a tSlyhts
s ] nhts] dhtks] ihtks] gwts vkfnA ;s :i vDlj
dfork esa vkrs gS(a tSl^dg
s
fxjkj dfojk; dgks vc dSlh dhtsA ty [kkjh
S x;ks dgks vc dSls ihtsA* ^Lokoyac ge lcdks nhts* Hkkjr-A ^dhtks lnk
keZ ls 'kklu* lj-A
lw-fdlh&fdlh dk er gS fd b;s dks ^b,* fy[kuk pkfg,] vFkkZr~ ^pkfg;s*
vkfn 'kCn ^pkfg,* ^yhft,* :i ls fy[ks tkosaA bl er dk izpkj FkksM+s gh o"kks ls
gqvk gS] vkSj dbZ yksx blds fojkskh Hkh gSaA bl o.kZfoU;kl ds izorZd ia- egkohj
izlkn th f}osnh gSa] ftuds izHkko ls bldk ego cgqr c<+ x;k gSA LFkkukHkko ds
dkj.k ;gk nksuksa i{kksa ds oknksa dk fopkj ugha dj ldrs] ij bl er dks xzg.k djus
esa fo'ks"k dfBukbZ ;g gS fd ;fn ^dhft,* fy[ks rks fQj ^dhft;ks* fdl :i esa fy[kk
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tk;xk\ ;fn ^dhft;ks* dk ^dhftvks* fy[ksa rks ^fL=k;ksa* dks ^fL=kvksa* fy[kuk pkfg,
vkSj tks ,d dh] ^dhft,* vkSj nwljs dks ^dhft;ks* fy[ks rks izk;% ,d izdkj ds
nksuksa :iksa dks bl izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu fy[kus ls O;FkZ gh Hkze mRiUu gksxkA bl izdkj
ds nksuksa vufey :i Hkkjr Hkkjrh esa ik, tkrs gS*a ( tSls
bl ns'k dks gs nhucakks vki fQj viukb,
Hkxoku~! Hkkjro"kZ dks fQj iq.;Hkwfe cukb,]
nkrk! rqEgkjh t; jgs] gedks n;k dj dhft;ks]
ekrk! ejs gk! gk! gekjh 'kh?kz gh lqk yhft;ksA
ge vius er ds leFkZu esa Hkkjrfe=k laiknd- ia- vafcdkizlkn oktis;h
ds ,d ys[k dk dqN va'k ;gk mn~k`r djrs gSa
vc ^pkfg;s* vkSj ^fy;s* tSls 'kCnksa ij fopkj djuk pkfg,A fganh 'kCnksa
esa bdkj ds ckn Lor% ;dkj dk mPpkj.k gksrk gS] tSlk fd;k] fn;k vkfn ls
Li"V gSA blds flok ^gkfu* 'kCn bdkjkar gSA bldk cgqopu esa gkfuvksa*] u gksdj
^gkfu;ksa* :i gksrk gSA lp rks ;ksa gS fd fganh dh izfr bdkj ds ckn
;dkj mPpkj.k djus dk gSA blfy, ^pkfg;s*] ^fy;s*] ^nhft;s*] ^dhft;s* tSls
'kCnksa ds var esa ,dkj u fy[kdj ^;sdkj* fy[kuk pkfg,A**
387- la;q dkyksa dh jpuk esa ^gksuk* lgdkjh f;k ds :iksa dk dke
iM+rk gS] blfy, ;s :i vkxs fy[ks tkrs gSaA fganh esa ^gksuk* f;k ds nks vFkZ
gS1
a fLFkfr] 2 fodkjA igys vFkZ esa bl f;k ds dsoy nks dky gksrs gSAa
nwljs vFkZ esa bldh jpuk] vkSj f;kvksa ds leku gksrh gS( ij blds dqN dkyksa
ls igyk vFkZ Hkh lwfpr gksrk gSA
nd
gksuk fLFkfrn'kZd
1 lkekU; orZekudky
cgqopu
ge gSa
rqe gks
os gSa
Bo
ok
hi
,dopu
m-iq- eSa gw
e-iq- rw gS
v-iq- og gS
2 lkekU; Hkwrdky
drkZiqa Yyx
eSa Fkk
rw Fkk
og Fkk
ge Fks
rqe Fks
os Fks
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
drkZL=khfyax
Fkh
gksuk fodkjn'kZd
1 laHkkO; Hkfo";r~dky
drkZiqa Yyx ok L=khfyax
ge gksa gksosa
rqe gksvks] gks
os gksa] gksosa
lo
gs
po
1- eSa gks
2- rw gks] gksos
3- og gks] gksos
cgqopu
Fkha
t.c
om
,dopu
13
ge gksaxs] gksosaxs
rqe gksvksxs] gksxs
os gksaxs] gksosaxs
drkZL=khfyax
i.b
1- eSa gksxh
2- rw gksxh] gksosxh
3- og gksxh( gksosxh
ge gksaxh] gksosaxh
rqe gksvksxh] gksxh
os gksxh] gksosaxh
nd
3 lkekU; ladsrkFkZ
hi
1- eSa gksrk
2- rw gksrk
3- og gksrk
drkZiqa Yyx
drkZL=khfyax
ge gksrs
rqe gksrs
os gksrs
Bo
ok
13- gksrh
gksrha
lw-^gksuk* fodkjn'kZd ds 'ks"k :i vkxs ;FkkLFkku fn, tk;xAs
388- nwljs oxZ ds Ngksa dr`ZokP; dky orZekudkfyd nar ds lkFk ^gksuk*
lgdkjh f;k ds ij fy[ks dkyksa ds :i tksM+us ls curs gSaA fLFkfrn'kZd lkekU;
orZeku dky vkSj fodkjn'kZd laHkkO; Hkfo";r~dky dks NksM+ lgdkjh f;k ds
'ks"k dkyksa ds :i drkZ ds iq#"k] opukuqlkj cnyrs gSaA
fganh O;kdj.k / 233
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om
1 lkekU; ladrs kFkZ orZekudkfyd nar dks drkZ ds iq#"k] fyax] opukuqlkj
cnyus ls curk gSA blds lkFk lgk;d f;k ugha vkrh] tSleSs a vkrk] og
vkrh] ge vkrs] os vkrha bR;kfnA
2 lkekU; orZeku orZekudkfyd nar ds lkFk fLFkfrn'kZd lgdkjh f;k
ds lkekU; orZeku dky ds :i tksMu+ s ls curk gS( tSleSs a vkrk gw] og vkrh
gS] rqe vkrh gks bR;kfnA
v lkekU; orZeku dky ds lkFk ^ugha* vkus ls cgqkk lgdkjh f;k
dk yksi gks tkrk gS( tSl^nks
s Hkkb;ksa esa Hkh ijLij vc ;gk iVrh ughaA* Hkkjr-A
3 viw.kZ Hkwrdky cukus ds fy, nar ds lkFk fLFkfrn'kZd lgdkjh f;k
ds lkekU; Hkwrdky ds :i Fkk tksMr+ s gS(a tSleSs a vkrk Fkk] rw vkrh Fkh] os
vkrh Fkha bR;kfnA
v tc bl dky ls Hkwrdky ds vH;kl dks cksk gksrk gS] rc cgqkk
lgdkjh f;k dk yksi dj nsrs gS(a tSl^eS
s a cjkcj fu;eiwod
Z Lokkhurk ds fy,
egkjkt ls izkFkZuk djrk] rks og dgrs vHkh lcz djks* fofp=k-A
vk cksypky dh dfork esa dHkh&dHkh laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ ds vkxs fLFkfrn'kZd
lgdkjh f;k ds :i tksM+dj lkekU; orZeku vkSj viw.kZ Hkwrdky cukrs gSa(
tSl^dgk
s
tyS gS og vkxh* ,dkar-A ^iw.kZ lqkkdj >yd euksgj fn[kykoS Fkk
lj ds rhj* fga- xza-A bldk izpkj vc ?kV jgk gSA
4 orZekudkfyd nar ds lkFk fodkjn'kZd lgdkjh f;k dk laHkkO;
Hkfo";r~dky ds :i esa yxkus ls laHkkO; orZekudky curk gS( tSleSs a vkrk
gks] og vkrk gks] os vkrh gksaA
5 orZekudkfyd nar ds lkFk lgdkjh f;k ds lkekU; Hkfo";r~ ds
:i yxkus ls lafnXk orZekudky curk gS( tSleSs a vkrk gksx k] og vkrk gksxk]
os vkrh gksaxhA
6 viw.kZ ladsrkFkZ dky cukus ds fy, orZekudkfyd nar ds lkFk lkekU;
ladrs kFkZ dky ds :i yxk, tkrs gS(a tSl^vkt
s
fnu ;fn c<+bZ gy u rS;kj
djrs gksrs rks gekjh D;k n'kk gksrhA*
v bl dky dk izpkj vfkd ughaA blds cnys cgqkk lkekU; ladsrkFkZ
vkrk gSA bl dky esa ^gksrk* f;k dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk] D;ksafd mlds lkFk ^gksrk*
'kCn dh fujFkZd f}#fDr gksrh gSA
389- rhljs oxZ esa Ngksa drZ`okP; dky Hkwrdkfyd nar ds lkFk ^gksrk*
lgk;d f;k ds iwokZs ikpksa dkyksa ds :i tksM+us ls curs gSaA bu dkyksa esa ^cksyuk*
oxZ dh f;kvksa dks NksM+dj 'ks"k ldeZd f;k, deZf.kiz;ksx ok Hkkosiz;ksx esa
vkrh gSa ns- vad 366&368A ;gk drZfjiz;ksx ds mnkgj.k fn, tkrs gSa
234 / fganh O;kdj.k
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bo
ok
hi
nd
i.b
lo
gs
po
t.c
om
kkrq
dr`Zokpd laKk
-----
-----
py gyar
pyusokyk
fganh O;kdj.k / 235
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
Bookhindi.blogspot.com
-------------
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lo
gs
po
drZfjiz;ksx
laHkkO; Hkfo";r~ dky
drkZiqa Yyx ok L=khfyax
pyrk gqvk
pyk gqvk
py] pydj
pyrs gh
pyrs gq,
pys gq,
t.c
om
orZekudkfyd nar
Hkwrdkfyd nar
iwod
Z kfyd nar
rkRdkfyd nar
viw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar
iw.kZ f;k|ksrd nar
,dopu
1- eSa pyw
2- rw pys
3- og pys
cgqopu
ge pysa
rqe pyks
os pys
nd
,dopu
1- eSa pywxk
2- rw pysxk
3- og pysxk
i.b
drkZiqa Yyx
drkZL=khfyax
ok
hi
1- eSa pywxh
2- rw pysxh
3- og pysxh
Bo
cgqopu
ge pysaxs
rqe pyksxs
os pysaxs
ge pysaxh
rqe pyksxh
os pysaxh
1- eSa pyw
2- rw pys
3- og pys
ge pysa
rqe pyks
os pysa