1200 Question All Level

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Bio – Diversity
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%^$_ g]kfn / cu|]h ljrsf] o'4df s'g o'4 If]qdf sf] sdf08/ lyP<
gfnfkflg -dxfsfnLkf/L b]x/fb'g_ aneb| s'Fj/ pgnfO{ g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df vn+ufsf] gfos klg elgG5
dnfp— cd+/lx+x yfkf ,
b]pyn / ;"o{u9df —elQm yfkf
k;f{ dsjfgk'/ — /0fjL/l;+x yfkf
%^%_ afFb/d'9] 36gf slxn] ePsf] lyof]<
lrtjfgsf] afFb/d'9] vf]nfdf tTsfnLg ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] yfk]sf]
ljB'lto w/fkdf kl/ @)^# h]i7 @# df 7'nf] ;+Vofdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf]
d[To' ePsf] 36gf afFb/d'9] 36gf xf]
%^^_ kf]lndf]/ gf]6 slxn] lg:sfif0f ul/Psf] lyof]<
@)%( c;f]h !$ ? !) sf]
%^&_ vf;f ;lGw s] ;+uf ePsf] lyof]<
;g !&%% df g]kfn / ltJjt ljr ePsf] ;lGw vf;f xf],
%^*_ cGt/fli6«o of]u lbj; slxn] dgfOG5 <
h'g @!
;g @)!$ df g/]Gb| df]bLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df k|:tfj u/];Fu} ;g
@)!% af6 of] lbj; dgfpgf yflnPsf] xf]
%^(_ ;fwgf / uf]w'ln lhjg , s;sf] s[tL xf]<
8f=cªu'/afaf hf]lz
plg g]kfnsf] k|yd dlxnf SofDk; k|d'v x'g
%&)_ g]kfns} h'Dnfxf xftLsf] tl:j/ /flv Ps xhf/sf] gofF gf]6 slxn]
;fj{hlgs eof]<
@)&& ;fpg &
lt h'DNofx xfltsf] gfd /fd ,nIdf0f /x]sf]
%&!_ ;g @)@^ sf] ljZjsk km'6an sxfF cfof]hgf x'b}5
cd]l/sf,Sofg8f,d]lS;sf]
tLgcf]6f b]zdf cfof]hgf ul/g] of] ljZjskdf $* b]z ;xefuL
x'b}5g\
%&@_ /fli6«o k|ltef k'/:sf/ @)&& s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of]<
;+:s[t —a'l4gf/fo0f If]i7
efiff ;flxTo —k|f=8f bof/fd If]i7
nlntsnf —Zofdnfn If]i7
;+ªuLt tyf gf6\o —;Togf/fo0f rf}wf/L
%&#_ a}ªs vftf 5f]/Lsf] ;'/Iff hLjgel/sf] sfo{qm|d s'\g k|b]zdf
;+~rflnt sfo{qmd xf]<
s0f{nL k|b]z
%&$_ ;a}eGbf pRrf hg;+Vof j[l4b/ ePsf] ;fs{ /fi6« s'g xf]<
ckmufg:yfg — @=## k|lt;t
;a}eGbf sd hg;+Vof j[l4b/ ePsf] ;fs{ /fi6«— >L+nsf —)=$@
k|lt;t
%&%_ g]kfndf ;fs{sf s'g s'g sfo{no /x]sf 5g<
;fs{ ;lrjfno
;fs{ Ifo/f]u tyf PrcfO{ leP8\; s]Gb|
;fs{ cfly{s ;+3sf] sfo{no
 ;fs{ cf}nf] /f]u pGd'ng s]Gb|
;fs{ ;efd'v tyf ;+;b ;+3sf] sfo{no
;fs{ lgjf{rg If]q sfo{no
%&^_ ;fs{ If]qn] ljZjsf] s'n e'efusf] @=* k|lt;t e'efu cf]u6]sf] 5
/ s'n hg;+Vofsf] @! k|lt;t ;fs{df a:b5g\
%&&_ ljd]:6]ssf] !$ j6f sfo{If]q dWo] g]kfnsf] efudf ul/jL lgjf/0f
/x]sf] 5
%&*_ klxnf] kN6 ANofsxfnsf] tl:j/ slxn] ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] xf]<
;g @)!( clk|n !)
%&(_ !% cf}F cfjlws of]hgfdf slt j6f ?kfGt/0fsf/L of]hgf 5gf]6
ePsf 5g<
!* j6f
%*)_g]kfndf @)&^ ;fndf pklgjf{rg slxn] ePsf] lyof]<
@)&^ d+lz/ !$
#& lhNnfdf %@ kbsf nfuL
k|ltlglw ;ef —sf:sL
k|b]z;ef—eQmk'/,afUn'ª,bfª
%*!_ !# cf}F ;fudf klxnf] :j0f{ ljh]tf v]nf8L sf] x'g<
kfls:tgsL ;lxbf
g]kfnnfO{ klxnf] :j0f{ kbs lbnfpg] d08]sfhL >]i7 –s/ft]F
 & /fi6« ;xefuL lyP ,ckmufg:yfg ;xeflu ePsf] lyPgf
%*@_ ;a}eGbf a9L ufpFkflnsf ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf]<
wflbª !! j6f
;a}eGbf a9L gu/kflnsf ePsf] lhNnf /f}tfx6 !^ j6f
;a}eGbf a9L :yfgLo tx ePsf] lhNnf —;nf{xL @) j6f
%*#_ 6f]«Osf k|Ztfj s] xf] / s;n] NofPsf] xf]<
;g !(^! df s+uf]sf] ;d:of ;fwfg ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo zflGt
;}lgssf] vr{ lbg ?;n] c:jLsf/ ub} dxf;lrjsf] e"ldsfdf
cfnf]rgf ub} ! hgfsf] ;6\6f # hfgf dxf;lrj /fVg'kg]{ elg
/fv]sf] k|:tfjnfO{ 6f]«Osf k|Ztfj elgG5 ,of] k|:tfjnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof],
%*$_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;g @)@) hgfj/L ! b]lv ;g @)@! l8;]Da/
#! ;Ddfsf nfuL ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] c:yfoL ;b:o /fi6«x? s'g s'g x'g <
gfOh/,leotgfd,6\o'lgl;of,O:6f]l/of,;]G6 le;]G6 P08 u|f]gf8fOh
%*%_ :yfgLo txsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{r0f slxn] ;DkGg eof]<
 @)&$ a}fzs #! –k|b]z g#,$,^_bf];|f] cf;f/ !$-k|=g !,%,&_ t];|f]
c;f]h @ -k|=g @_

%*^_ xfn lzIfs ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf sf] x'g <

 tfgf uf}td
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u —pd]z k|zfb d}gfnL
%*&_ s'g ljBfsf] ;g @)!* sf] gf]jn k'/:sf/ ;g @)!( df k|bfg
ul/Psf] lyof]<
;flxTo ljBf
%**_ k|b]z g+ % sf] /fhwfgL efn'jfª agfpg] k|:tfjsf] kIfdf slt dt
k/]sf] lyof]<
^(
ljkIfdf !# dt
%*(_xfn g]kfndf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;"lrs[t ;+Vof slt /x]sf] 5 <
^)

klxnf %( lyof] / @)&^ df3df /f0f yf? yk ul/ ^) k'u]sf] 5

%()_ ;fpbL c/jdf slxn] klxnf] k6s dlxnf ;}lgs ;]jfdf egf{
cfxjfg ul/Psf] xf]
;g @)!* km|]j'cl/ @^
%(!_ sf]leg !( lj?b| cu|kªltdf vl6Psf ;+;f/sf] pTs[i6 % dlxnfsf]
;'lrdf kg]{ ;kmn g]kfln lrlsT;s sf] x'g<
8f=?gf emf
%(!_ ;g @)@# sf] dlxnf ljZjsk s'g b]zdf x'b}5 <
 ci6«]lnof / Go'lhNof08
;g @)@# sf] ljZjskdf #@ l6d ;xeflu x'g]5g xfn @$ l6d
;xeflu lyP

%(#_ sl:ds aif{ eg]sf] s] xf]<

z'o{n] cfsf; u+uf tf/fk'~hLo s]Gb|sf] Ps k6s kl/qmdf ug]{ nfUg]
;donfO{ sl:ds aif{ elgG5
of] ;do sl/a @% s/f]8 aif{ x'G5
%($_ z"o{u|x0f
k[YjL / z"o{sf] ljrdf rGb|df k5{ To;a}nf k[YjLdf cfpg]
k|sfznfO{ rGb|dfn] 5]Sb5 To; cj:yfdf z"o{u|x0f nfUb5{
of] cf};Lsf] lbgdf nfUb5
%($_ rGb|u|x0f
rGb|df / z'o{sf] ljrdf hjf k[YjL cfp5 To; ca:yfdf z\"o{sf]
k|sfz k[YjLn] 5]sL rGb|dfdf 5fof kb{5 To;nfO{ rGb|u|x0f
elgG5
of] k"l0f{dfsf] /ftdf b]vf kb{5
%(^_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] k"j{ dxf;lrj x|ofleP/ k]/]h b Sj]n/sf] lgwg
slxn] ePsf] xf]<
;g @)@) dfr{ $
k]?sf Sj]n/sf] lgwg !)) aif{sf] pd]/df ePsf] lyof]
 pgL ;g !(*@ — !((! ;Ddf dxf;lrj ePsf lyP
%(&_ s'g kj{t lzv/nfO Savage Mountain elgG5
s]@ ,of] ljZjsf] bf];|f] cUnf] lxdfn xf] h;sf] prfO ^^!! ld -
@*@%!_ lkm6 /x]sf] 5 of] kfls:tfgsf] sf/fsf]/d kj{tdfnf
cGt/ut{ kb{5
%(* lrq dl:tisaf6 agfOG5 ,xftaf6 xf]Og of] s;sf] egfO xf]
dfOsn P~h]nf]
%((_ g]kfndf ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf nflu l8lh6n l;Ug]r/sf] ;'?jt
slxn]af6 ePsf] xf]<
lj; @)&@ d+lz/ !^
^))_ sf]sfsf]nfsf] pTkfbg slxn]af6 ;'? ePsf] xf]<
;g !**^ d] *
g]kfndf ;g !(^( af6 sf]sfsf]nfn] cfkmgf] sf/f]af/ ;'? u/]sf] xf]
^)!__/fhgLltdf ;a}eGbf a9L dlxnf ;xefuL ePsf] b]z s'g xf]<
 l:j8]g
^)@_ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b]z /l;ofn] ljZjsf] If]qkmnsf] !!=%
k|lt;t cf]u6]sf] 5
@)#_ g]kfnsf] lxdfnL k|b]zn] slt k|lt;t e' —efu cf]u6]sf] 5
!% k|lt;t
 kxf8n] ^* k|lt;t
t/fOn] !& k|lt;t
^)$_ g]kfndf kfOg] Ct'x? s'g s'g x'g <
j;Gt Ct'— r}q ,j}zfs
u|Lid Ct' —h]i7 ,c;f/
jiff{ Ct' —;fpg ,ebf}F
z/b Ct' —c;f]h,sflt{s
x]dfGt Ct' —d+lz/,k';
lzlz/ Ct[—df3,kmfu'g
^)%_ ;g @)@) sf] gf]jn zflGt k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] <
ljZj vfB sfo{qmd
;g @)!( sf] cfjL cxdb cnLnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof]
^)^_ Golden Globe Award s'g ljBfdf ljt/0f ul/G5
rnlrq / 6]lnlehg
;g !($$ af6 ljt/0f ug]{ ;'? ul/Psf]
cd]l/sfn] cfof]hgf ub{5 ]
^)&_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg ljBos slxn] k|ltlglw ;efaf6
kfl/b ePsf] xf]<
@)&& h]i7 #!
/fli6«o ;efjf6 @)&& c;f/ $
 /fi6«kltaf6 k|dfl0fs/0f @)&& c;f/ $
cg';"lr # df lgzfg 5fkdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] gS;f
^)*_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] &% cf}F dxf;efsf] cWoIftf sf] x'g
ef]Nsfg af]lHs/
gful/s — 6ls{
dxf;efsf] :yfoL b]zx?n] cWoIftf ug]{ kfpb}gfg
&$ cf}F dxf;efdf l6HhfgL d'xdb a08]
^)(_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;g @)@! hgfj/L ! b]lv ;g
@)@@ l8;]Da/ #! ;Ddfsf] nflu ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] c:yfoL ;b:o /fi6«df
s'g s'g /fi6« lgjf{lrt ePsf] 5g
ef/t,cfo/Nof08,d]lS;sf],s]Gof,gj]{
^!)_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] gofF gS;f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ lg0f{o slxn] u/]sf] lyof]<
lj; @)&& h]i7 %
e"ld ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnon] gofF gS;f ;fj{hlgs —
@)&& h]i7 &
^!!_ ;g @)@@ sf] stf/df x'g] ljZjsk slxn] x'b}5 <
;g @)@@ gf]e]Da/ @! l8;]Da/ !* ;Ddf
of] @@ cf}F ;+:s/0f sf] ljZjsk xf]
;g @)@^ sf] ljZjsk cd]l/sf,d]lS;sf] / Sofg8fdf x'b}F5
 ^!@_ 6f]lsof] cf]nlDkssf] v]n tflnsf slxn] ;fj{hlgs ul/of]
;g @)@) h'nfO{ !&
;g @)@! sf] h'nfO{ @# b]lv cui6 * ;Ddf x'b}F5
## v]ndf k|lt:kwf{ u/fOG5
^!#_ ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd slxn] kl/b ePsf] xf]<
@)&& h]i7 ^
^!$_ EU sf] ;++:yfks /fi6«x? s'g s'g x'g
a]lNhod,nShdju{,g]b/Nof08,km|fG;,O6nL ,hd{gL
^!%_ o'/f] d'b|f nfu' ug]{ clGtd /fi6« lny'cflgof xf] h'g @)!%
hgfj/L ! nfu' ePsf]
^!^_ gf6f]sf] :ykgf slxn] ePsf] xf]<
;g !($( clk|n $

k|wfgsfo{no — a]lNhod
^!& _c;+nUg cfGbf]ngsf kfFr /yLx?
hjf/nfn g]x? — ef/t
hf];]km| a|h l66f] — o'uf]:nfleof
udfn cAb'n gf;]/ — OlhK6
;'sfgf]{ —O08f]gf]l;of
 Sjfd] Pg qm'df —3fgf
^!*_ g]kfndf k//fi6« gLltsf] k|at{s k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx x'g eg] cfw'lgs
k/fi6« gLltsf] k|a{ts /fhf dx]Gb| ^!!_lbbf/f]sf] ljZjsf]if slt r/0fdf
ePsf] lyof]<
ltg r/0f !&%!,!&^%,!&&@
^!(_lrksf] cfGbf]ng s] ;+uf ;DalGwt 5
jg ;+/If0f
o;sf] cleofGt ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0f x'g
^@)_xfn} u|L;sf] /fi6«klt kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g] dlxnf sf] x'g<
Psft]/Lg ;fNs]N6f /f]k]nf]p
pgL u|L|;sf] k|yd dlxnf /fi6«klt x'g
^@!_ dfgkbfjLx? slt k|sf/sf x'G5g <
$ k|sf/sf
g]kfn /Tg,/fi6« uf}/j,/fi6«lbk,hg;]jf>L+
^@@_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] dgfPsf] s]xL dxTjk'0f{ cGt/fli6«o aif{x? s'g
s'g x'g <
;g !(^) clkm|sg aif{
;g !(^* — dfgj clwsf/ jif{
;g !(() — cGt/fi6«o ;fIf/tf jif{
;g !((^ — ul/aL lgjf/0f aif{
^@#_ ;g !((@ df ePsf] k[YjL ;Dd]ngn] kfl/b u/]sf] rf/ ljifox? s]
s] x'g <
h}ljs ljljBtf
Ph]08f— @!
df};d kl/jt{g
jg ;+/If0f
^@$_ Ol;df]8sf] :ykgf slxn] ePsf] lyof]<
cG/fli6«o PsLs[t kj{tLo ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :ykgf ;g !(*# l8;]Da/
% sf7df08f}df ePsf] lyof] ,
;b:o /fi6«x?
ckmufg:yfg,kfls:tfg,a+unfb]z,g]kfn,ef/t,e'6fg,Dofgdf/,rLg ul/
* b]z /x]sf 5g
^@%_ Knfli6«s afNbf s'g Uof; pTkfbg x'G5 <
Snf]/f]km\nf]/f] sfj{g
^@^_ kfl/l:ylts lk/fld8sf] cfwf/df pTkfbg x'G5 eg] ;a}eGbf dfly s]
x'G5 <
t[lto pkef]Qmf
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nx/] vf]sL ,x}hf,Eofs't] /f]u ,s'i7/f]u,dl:tis
/f]u,Go'df]lgof,Ifo/f]u,wg'i7+sf/ Dofb] Hjf/f]
^@*_ x]kf6fOl6; aL s] df ;+qmd0f x'g] /f]u xf]<
sn]hf]
^@(_ cfl;ofgsf] ;b:o /fi6«x? !) j6f 5g
;+:yfks /fi6«x? , yfOlkml;d
yfONof08,O08f]gf]l;of,lkmlnlkG;,l;+uk'/,dn]l;of
cGof ;b:o a'lenfDofs
a'|gfO{,!(*$,leoftgfd!((% ,nfcf]; / Dofgdf/ !((& sDjf]l8of !(((
^#)_cfl;ofgsf] six major yfOlkml;d / leotgfd
^#!_cfl;ofgsf] jftf{ ;fem]bf/L % j6f
ci6]«lnof,Sofg8f,Go'lhNof08,hfkg cd]l/sf c

^#@_cfl;ofgsf] kl/j]Ifs /fi6«x

kk'jf Go'lugL / k'lj{ l6df]/
^##_lad:6]sfsf ;xof]usf If]qx? !^ j6f 5g
h;df ^ j6f ;g !((* df 9fsfdf ePsf] dlGq:t/Lo a}7saf6 kfl/b
ePsf],ykf & j6f ;g @))% df 9fsfd} ePsf] dlGq:t/Lo a}F7sn] yk]sf]
To:t} hnafo' kl/jt{g t];|f] ;Dd]ng af6 yk ul/Psf] / @ j6f ;g
@)!* g]kfndf ePsf] ;Dd]ng af6 yk ul/Psf] xf]
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a|df08df xfO8«f]hg
k[YjLdf clS;hg
afo'd08ndf gfO6f«]hg
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z'q ;f7'd'lt x'a';]
;f , ;fgf] e/L
7' 7'nf] e]/L
d' d'u' s0f{nL
lt ltnf
x' x'Dnf s0f{nL
a' a'9L u+uf
;] ;]tL
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dof{bfqmddf /x]sf] lje'if0f dfgkbfjL xf] . dfgkbfjL $ k|sf/sf x'G5g ,
!_g]kfn /Tg @_ /fi6« uf}/j #_ /fi6«bLk $_hg;]jf>L
^#*_u|Ls efiffaf6 lnOPsf] Geography zAb ,O/fG6f]:y]lgh e'uf]nsf]
lktf x'g ,
^#(_dfgj e'uf]n / ;fdflhs e'uf]nsf] ljsf; !( cf}F ztfAbLdf ePsf]
xf] eg] ;fdflhs e'uf]n zAbsf] k|of]u ug]{ k|yd JolQm Pln; l/Sn'h x'g

^$) _e'uf]nsf] Oltxf;df !* cf} ztfAbLnfO{ gofF vf]hsf] o'u eg]/f

lrlgG5 / cfw'lgs e'uf]nsf] lktf eg]/f sfn{ l/6/nfO{ lrlgG5
^$!_ef}ule{s ?kdf sfG5f] tyf ljifdtf / ljljwtfsf] dxfb]z eg]/f
Pl;of dxfb]znfO{ lrlgG5 eg] eflifs ljljBtfsf] dxfb]z / e'dWo] /]vfn]
ljrdf sf6]sf] dxfb]z eg]/f clkm|sf dxfb]znfO{ lrlgG5
^$@_ cfl;ogsf] #^ cf}F lzv/ ;Dd]ng slxn] ePsf] xf]<
;g @)@) h'g @^ ,leotgfd
#& cf}F ;Dd]ng ;g @)@) gf]e]da/ !! df leotgfd df x'g]5
^$#_ ?;df kl5Nnf] k6s slxn] hgdt ;+u|x ePsf] lyof]
;g @)@) h'g @% b]lv h'nfO{ ! ;Ddf
;+ljBfg ;+zf]wgsf nfuL
;+;bnfO{ yk clwsf/ lbg] af/]
^$$_ ljZj jftj/0f lbjz slxn] dgfOg5
h'g %
;g @)@) sf] gf/f —Celebrate Biodiversity
;g @)@) sf] cfb{z jSo —Time for Nature
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 ;g @)@) sf] cfof]hs b]z —sf]nlDjof
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ufl08j elgG5
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ah]6sf] rfn'tkm{ vr{ slt /x]sf] 5
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dxfef/t kj{tsf] cUnf] kj{t—z}n'ª ,bf]nvf
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y/,lnªu ,pd]/,ju{,hflt,dft[efif,bf];|f] efiff,wd{,ck+ªutf,lzIff
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;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/b l;4fGt g} k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt xf]
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&@*_ s'g of}lus s'g s'g tTjx? ldn]/f ag]sf x'G5g
kfgL —xfO8f]«hg / clS;hg
lrlg — xfO8f]«hg , clS;hg / sfj{g
vfg] g'g — ;f]l8od / Snf]l/g
jfn'jf — l;lnsg / clS;hg

&@(_ g]kfndf slxn] sf] k|wfgdGqL
k|yd hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL — aL=lk sf]O/fnf
k|yd ljZj o'4 x'Fbfsf] k|wfgdGqL—rGb| zdz]/
l4lto ljZj o'4 x'bfsf k|wfgdGqL—h'4 zdz]/
u0ftgq g]kfnsf] k|yd lgjf{lrt k|wfgdgqL —k'iksdfn bfxfn
;+ljBfg ;efjf6 ;+ljBfg 3f]ifgf x'\bfFsf k|wfgdGqL—;'zLn sf]O/fnf
;+ljBfg ;efjf6 ;+ljBfg 3f]ifgf k|Zrftsf] k|wfgdGqL —s]=kL zdf{
cf]ln
&#)_ @)&^ j}iffs !^ df /fhkqdf k|sflzt g]kfnsf] dof{bfqmd cg';f/
k|yd % kbx?
/fi6«klt,pk/fi6«klt,k|wfgdGqL,k|wfgGoflw;,k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v
&#!_ Pe/]i6 lk|ldod lnu slxn]af6 ;'? ePsf] xf]
;g @)!^ af6
 ^ l6d ;xeflu 5g
;g @)!^ sf] ljh]tf l6d k~rsGof t]h xf]
&#@_ s;nfO{ s] gfdn] lrlgG5
lxdfnsL 5f]/f] — kf;fª Nofd' z]kf{
lxpFsf] af3 — t]lGhª gf]u]{ z]kf{
lxdlrt'jf — cfªl/tf z]kf{
&##_ s]=kL zdf{cf]ln bf];|f] k|wfgdGqL x'bf slt dt k|fKt u/]sf lyP
@)* dt / ljkIfdf ^) dt

&#$_ ckmufg:yfg slxn] WTO sf] ;b:o ePsf] xf]

 ;g @)!^ h'nfO{ @( - !^$ cf}F ;b:o /fi6«
!^# cf]}F —nfOj]l/of
!^@ cf}F —sfhs:tfg

&#%_ s]xL dxTjk'0f{ sfo{sf] ;'?jt slxn]

 k|wfgdGqL /f]huf/ sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jt —@)&%.!!.!
 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff of]hgfsf] ;'?jt —@)&%.*.!!
 klxnf] k6s lel8of] sGkm|]G; dfkm{t dlGqkl/ifb j}7s
— @)&^.%.(
  g]kfn sfuh/lxt k]k/ n]; klxnf] kN6\ dlGqkl/ifb
a}7fs slxn] a;]sf] xf] —@)&%.$.!)
&#^_ o"P; a+ufn ljdg lqe'jg cGt/fli6«o ljdfg:yndf slxn] b"3{6gf
ePsf] xf]<
@)&$ kmfu'g @* ;g @)!* dfr{ !@
&#&_ klxnf] gf]jn zflGt k'/:sf/ s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof]
x]g/L 8\o'gf / km]|8l/; kf;L
&#*_ s'g ;+ljBfgfdf slt df}lns xs
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)!% —%
g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg @)!( —&
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)$&—!#
g]kfnsf] clGtl/d ;+ljBfg @)^#—@!
g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg —#!
&#(_ g]kfndf c;f/ !% df wfg lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o slxn] ul/Psf] xf]<
g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^! d+l;/ @( sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ c;f/ !% df
wfg lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf]
@)&& df dgfPsf] !& cf]F wfg lbj;sf] gf/f wfg pTkfbgdf
j[l4 ,cfTdlge{/tf / ;d[l4 eGg] lyof]
&$)_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg cg';f/ s'g s'g kbfdf lgjf{lrt,dgf]lgt jf
lgo'lQm x'gfsf nflu j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/tf k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'k5{
  /fi6«klt – /fli6«o ;efsf] cWoIf
 pk/fi6«klt –k|b]z k|d'v
 k|wfgdGqL –d'VodlGq
 k|wfg GoofwL; –k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v
 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v – ;\'/Iff lgsfosf] k|d'v
&$!_ g]kfndf pkdxfgu/kfnLsf /x]sf] lhNnfx? s'g s'g x'g <
;'g;/L — O6x/L ,w/fg
af/f —sn}of,hLtk'/—l;d/f
bfª — t'nl;k'/,3f]/xL
wg'iff —hgsk'/
dsjfgk'/ — x]6f}F8f
?kGb]xL —a'6jfn
afFs] — g]kfnuGh
s}nfnL — wgu9L

&$@_ s] sf] l8hfOg/ sf]
s0f{nL k'n —:6fogd]g sDkgL
rGb| gx/ —l8NnLh+u yfkf
gofF w/x/f — lji0f' kGyL
/fli6«o ;efu[x —u+ufw/ e6\6
n'lDagL ljsf; u'?of]hgf ,s]Ghf] 6fªu]
gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ , ljkm{g
 xjfO6 xfp; , h]D; x'jg
Olkmn 6fj/ , u':tfd Olkmn
a]nLla|h , ljlnod 8L a]n
sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfw'lgs ejfg —k|]ds'df/ If]i7
&$#_ s]xL k|d'v JolQmsf] xTof slxn]
cj|fxd lnªsg — ;g !*^% clk|n !%
dxfTdf ufGwL — ;g !($* hgfj/L #)
OlGb/f ufGwL — ;g !(*$ cS6f]j/ #!
/fhf lj/]Gb| — lj; @)%* h]i7 !(,;g @))! h'g !

&$$_ k[YjLdf kfOg] /;fogLs tTjx?

cfO/g —#$=^ k|lt;t
clS;g — @(=% k|lt;t
l;lnsg —!%=@ k|lt;t
DofUg]l;od —!@=& k|lt;t
;Nkm/ —!=( k|lt;t
l66flgod — )=)% k|lt;t
&$%_ g]kfn ;+uf bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf] k|yd kfFr cfl;ofg
/fi6«x? s'g s'g x'g
dn]lzof —!(^) hgfj/L !
=lkmlnlkG; —!(^) km|]a'cl/ #
 Dofgdf/ —!(^) dfr{ !(
nfcf]; —!(^) d] @)
&$^_ s] sf] ljz]if1 sf]
8f =d's]z rfln;] — afFb/ ljz]if1
8f++=x]d/fn a/fn —k+IfL ljz]if1
s/0f axfb'/ zfx — zl/;[k ljz]if1
l/hgeQm sfo:y —lxdglb.lxdtfn
&$&_ s'g j]bdf s] sf] AofVo ul/Psf] 5
CUj]b ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] j]b xf]
ufoqL dGq CUj]bdf /x]sf] 5
;+lutzf:qsf] d'n u|Gysf] ?kdf ;fdj]bnfO{ lnOG5
j}wzf:q tyf s[lif lj1fgsf] ljifodf oh'{]j]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
Jofkfl/sf nflu dxTjk'0f{ eg]/f cyj{j]bnfO{ lrlgG5

&$*_ s] sf] k|hgg s]Gb| sxfF

uf]xL — lrtjfg
xftL —d]3f}nL lrtjfg
;f/; — slkna:t'
xfj|] — ;Gb'sk'/ Onfd
&$(_ xfn;Ddf g/]Gb| df]bLn] slt k6s g]kfn e|d0f ug'{ ePsf] 5
$ k6s
 klxnf] k6s @)&! ;fpg
bf];|f] k6s @)&! d+lz/ ;fs{ ;Dd]ngdf
t];|f] @)&% j}iffsdf
rf}yf] @)&% efb|f ljd]:6]s ;Dd]ngdf

&%)_ s'g k|b]zsf] :yfoL /fhwfgL / gfd

k|b]z :yfoL /fhwfgL k|b]zsf] gfd gfd / /fhwfgL
tf]s]sf] ldlt
k|b]z % /fKtL pkTosf n'lDagL @)&& c;f]h @)
b]pv'/L
k|b]z # X]6f}F8f,dsjfgk'/ afudtL @)&^ k'; @&
k|b]z $ kf]v/f Uf08sL @)&% c;f/ !*
/fhwfgL ,c;f/ @@
k|b]z gfd
k|b]z & Uf]fbfj/L ,s}nfnL ;"b'/klZrd @)&% c;f]h !@
k|b]z ^ jL/]Gb|gu/ ,;'v]{t s0f{nL @)&$ kmfu'g !@
k|b]z ! lj/f6gu/ — @)&^ a}iffs @#
 /fhwfgL

&%!_ gf]jn k'/:sf/ c:jLsf/ ug]{ JolQmx?

hh{ agf{8 zfF — ;g !(@%
af]l/; kf:t/gfs — ;g !(%( -pgn] :jLsf/ u/]/fgL lkmtf{ u/]sf]
hfF kn ;fq{ — !(^$
cn]Sh]08/ ;f]Nh]lgT;g — !(&)
nL 8s yf] — ;g !(&#

&%@_ k|ydk6s gf]jn k'/:sf/ ljh]tfx?

 zflGt —x]g/L 8'gfF / km|]8l/s kf;L- !()!_
 ef}ltszf:q — ljNx]d s] /f]G6h]g
 /;fogzf:q —Hofsf]J; Pr
 lrls:;fzf:q —Pldn P ef]g a]xl/u
 ;flxTo —;NnL k|f]w'd
 cy{zf:q —/fUg/ km|]Gr / h]g l6gjh]{g - !(^(_
&%#_ ljleGg efiffsf ;j{>]i7 ;flxTosf/x?
 cªu|]lh —;]S;lko/
 g]kfnL — efg'Qm cfr{o,nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f,n]vgfy kf}F8]n
 lxGbL — t'nl;bf;
 hd{g — u]6]
 a+ufnL —/ljGb|gfy 6}uf]/
 ;+:s[t —jfNdLls,b]jJof;,sflnbf;
 O6flnog — bFft]
&%$_ ljZj a}Fssf cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf] tTjx?
 kf/blztf
 pt/bflxTj
 hg;xeflutf
 cg'dfgof]Uotf

&%$_ o'Pgl8kL cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf] tTjx?

 gful/s ;ldTjf
 kf/blztf / pt/bflxTjf
 ;dtf
 s'zntf
&%^_ g]kfnL ;flxTodf lelqPsf] ljBfx?
 gf6s — afns[i0f ;dsf] d'6'sf] Joyf
 pkGof; — ?b|/fh kf08]sf] ?kdlt
 syf —u'?k|;fb d}gfnL gf;f]
 lgjGw —nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] ciff9sf] kGw|
&%&_ xfn;Ddf slt hgfn] lghfdlt ;]jf ;jf]{Ts[i6 k'/:sf/
kfPsf 5g <
$ hgf
@)^* ;fnaf6 k|bfg ug]{ yflnPsf] of] k'/:sf/
@)^* ;fndf — ;"o{k|;fb uf}td
@)^( eujtLs'df/ sfkm\n]
@)&) 8f =efOsfhL ltjf/L
@)&# 8f = zfGt/fh ;'j]bL
&%*_ g]kfndf Ifltk"lt{;lxt gful/s a8fkqsf] ;'?jt slxn]af6 ePsf]
xf]<
@)&) a}iffs @
g]kfndf gful/s j8fkqsf] k|of]u @)%^
gful/s j8fkqsf] ;'?jt a]nfotaf6 !((! h'nfO{ @@ / cjBf/0f
Nofpg] hf]g d]h/ x'g
&%(_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wgdf slt cf}F cg';"rL ;+zf]wg
ul/Psf] xf]<
cg';"rL # sf] g]kfnsf] lgzfgf 5fksf] gS;fsf] cfsf/ kl/jt{g
ul/Psf] xf]
bf];|f] ;+zf]wg —@)&&—)#—$
klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&@—!!—!^
g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfdf ( j6f cg';"rL /x]sf 5g eg] cg';"rL ! df
g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f /x]sf] 5
&^)_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo elg g]kfnsf]
;+ljBfgsf] slt wf/fdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
wf/f ! ,-@_ df of] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg] wf/f ! -!_ df of]
;+ljBfg g]kfnsf] d'n sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljBfg;+uf aflemg] sfg"g
aflemPsf] xb;Ddf cdfGo x'g]5

&^!_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBgsf] efu ! df slt wf/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5

( wf/f /x]sf] 5 / hDdf eg] #% efu #)* wf/f / ( cg';"rL /x]sf]
5
$_ jt{dfg ;+ljBfg cg';f/ s'g efiffnfO{ /fi6«efiffsf] ?kdf x]/]sf] 5
g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} efiffnfO{ /fi6«efiff x'g eg]/f wf/f ^ df pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5
&^@_ jt{dfg ;+ljBfgn] yk u/]sf] ;+j}wfgLs lgsfo slt 5g <
* j6f s'n !# ;+j}wfgLs lgsfo /x]sf] 5
&^#_ jt{dfg ;+ljBfgn] slt cfwf/df gful/tfsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5
% cfwf/ - j+zh,c+uLs[t,;Ddfgy{,If]qljno,u}/cfjfl;o ,
&^$_ g]kfnsf] k|To]s gful/ssf] klxrfg v'Ng] ul/ clen]v /fVg] Joj:yf
wf/f slt df pNN]v ul/Psf] 5
wf/f !% df

&^%_ jt{dfg ;+ljBfgn] slt j6f df}lns xsx? yk u/]sf] 5
!) j6f ;+VofTds ?|kdf t/f lj;'4 ?kdf yk u/]sf] df}lns xsx?
& j6f 5g wf/f !^,@!,#^,#&,$),$!,$$
&^^_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] wf/f %) df slt j6f lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?sf]
Joj:yf u/Psf]5
$ j6f
/fHosf] /fhg}lts pb]Zo
/fHosf] ;fdfhLs tyf ;+:s[tLs pb]Zo
/fHosf] cfly{s pb]Zo
/fHosf] cGt/fli6«o ;DaGw ;DaGwL pb]Zo
&^&_ /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt,gLlt / bflxTj sfo{Gjfogsf] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf] ;dIf a'emfpg'kb{5
/fi6«klt ;dIf -wf/f %#_
&^*_ slt aif{ pd]/ k'/f ePsf] g]kfnL gful/sn] Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf
dtbfg ug]{ kfp5g
!* aif{ wf/f *$-%_
&^(_ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt km/s km/s ln+usf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf wf/f
sltdf 5
wf/f &) df
&&)_ /fli6«o ;efdf slt hgf dlxnf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5
 @@ k|To]s k|b]zaf6 #.# hgf / /fi6«kltaf6 dgf]lgt ! hgf
&&!_ /fli6«o ;efdf s'n slt hgf blnt ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5
& hgf ,k|To]s k|b]zaf6 !.! hgf
&&@_ gful/ssf] st{Jo wf/f slt df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
wf/f $* $
/fi6«k|lt lgi7jfg x'b} g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,;fj{ef}d;tf / cv08fsf]
/Iff ug'{
;+ljBfg / sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'{
/fHon] rfx]sf] jvt clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{
;fj{hlgs ;Dkfltsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug'{
&&#_ s] s:tf] cfwf/df JolQmnfO{ lgjf/s gh/jGb /fVgf ;lsG5
g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;tf ,ef}uf]lns cv08tf,;fj{hlgs zflGt /
Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ k|ofKt cfwf/ ePdf
ghaGbdf /fVg] clwsf/ k|=lh cdf /x]sf] 5
&&$_ /fHodGqL tyf ;fxos dGqLn] sf] ;d+If ;ky lng] Joj:yf /x]sf]
5
k|wfgdGqL wf/f *)
&&%_ gu/kflnsfsf] k|d',pkk|d'v,j8fcWoIf / ;b:o x'gfsf] nflu slt
jif{ pd]/ x'g'k5{
@! aif{
&&^_;+3,k|b]z / :yflgo tx ljrsf] ;dGjo wf/f sltdf lglbi6 5
wf/f @#%
&&&_ ;+ljBfg ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL Joj:yf wf/f sltdf /x]sf] 5
 wf/f @&$ df
hgdt ;+u|x ;DaGwL Joj:yf wf/f @&%

&&*_ ;a}eGbf w]/} lhNnf;+uf l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] lhNnf s'g xf]<

l;Gw'nL - !)_ lhNnf;+ufF
pbok'/,l;/fx,sfe|f]kfnfGrf]s,dsjfgk'/ ,c]fvn9'ªuf,/fd]5fk,wg'iff
,dxf]t/L,;nf{xL,/f}tfx6
&&(_g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf w}/} :yfgLo txePsf] lhNnf tyf k|b]zx?
;a}eGbf a9L :yfgLo tx ePsf] lhNnf —;nf{xL- !! gu/kflnsf /
( ufpFkflnsf
;a}eGbf w]/} ufpFkflnsf ePsf] lhNnf—wflbª -!! ufpFkflnsf _
;a}eGbf a9L gu/kflnsf ePsf] lhNnfx?—/f}tfx6- !^ j6f_
&*)_v; t/fO{ If]q ;d'G4 ;txaf6 slt ld6/ prfO{ ;Ddf /x]sf] 5
;d'Gb| ;txaf6 @)) ld6/ ;Ddfsf] prfO{df
o; If]qnfO{ cGggsf] e08f/ eg]/f klg lrlgG5
o;n] b]zsf] s'n e"—efusf] $ k|lt;t cf]u6]sf] 5
&*!_ cIf+zsf] lx;fjdf g]kfn — @^ l8u|L @@ ldg]6 b]vL #)
l8u|L @& ldg]6 pt/L c+Ifzdf kb{5
b]zfGt/sf] lx;fjdf —*) l8u|L $ ldg]6 b]lv **
l8u|L !@ ldg]6 k"lj{ b]zfGt/df kb{5 ,
&*@_pt/ lxdfnob]lv blIf0f dxfef/t;Ddf km}lnPsf] lhNnf wflbª xf]
pQ/ lxdfnb]lv blIf0f r'/];Ddf ;Ddf km}lnPsf] lhNnf —
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
!@ j08fn / !* v08fn ePsf] lhNnf — ;'v]{t
&*#_g]kfnsf] k|dfl0fs ;do u|LgjLrsf] ;do eGbf %
306f $% ldg]6 rnfv /x]sf] 5
g]kfnsf] ;do lgwf{/0f *^ l8u|L !% ldg]6 k"lj{
b]zfGt/nfO{ cfwf/ dflg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5
of] ;do @)$@ a}iffs ! ut]af6 nfu' ul/Psf] xf]
&*$_lxdfno If]qsf] cUnf] kj{t — ;u/dfy ;f]n'v'Da'
dxfef/t kj{tsf] cUnf] kj{t—z}n'ª ,bf]nvf
r'/]kj{tsf] cUnf] kj{t — ufjf{ ,s}nfnL
&*%_;u/dfysf] k|j]z4f/ — gfDr] jhf/ ,;f]n'v'Da,
g]kfnsf] k|j]z4f/f — jL/uGh,k;f{
s0f+{nLsf] k|j]4f/ —jL/]Gb|gu/ ,;'v]{t
&*^_rLgnfO{ 5'g] k|b]z — % j6f
ef/tnfO{ 5'g] k|b]z — ^ j6f
rLg / ef/t b'j}nfO{ 5'g] k|b]z—$
- k|b]z !,jfudtL,u08sL,;"b'/klZrd
 rLgnfO{ dfq 5'g] — ! s0fnL
ef/tnfO{ dfq 5'g]—k|b]z @,%
rLg / ef/t Ps} ;fy g5'g] k|b]z —# j6f,
- s0f{nL k|b]z,k|b]z g @ ,k|b]z g % _
&*&_ef/tnfO{ 5'g] lhNnf @& / ef/tnfO{ dfq 5'g] @%
rLgnfO{ 5'g] lhNnf !% / rLgnfO{ dfq 5'g] !#
rLg ef/t b'j}nfO{ g5'g]—#&
rLg ef/t b'j}nfO{ 5'g] —@ - tfKn]h'ª / bfh'{nf

&**_g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] d"lt{ — lj?kfIf d"lt{

g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] d"lt{ —lj:j?ksf] d"lt{
g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] 9'ªufsf] d"lt{ —a'9flgns07sf] d"lt{
&*(_sf7df08f}F pkTosfsf] $ eGHofªx?
k"j{df — ;fFuf
klZrddf—jf0f
pQ/df —kf6L
blIf0fdf —rGb|lu/L
&()_g]kfnsf] k|l;4 rf/wfdx?
d'lQmIf]q —d'lQmgfy –d:tfª
?? If]q —l/l8 – u'NdL .kfNkf
 kfz'kft If]q — kz'kltgfy ,sf7df08f}F
a/fxIf]q —a/fxIf]q - ;'g;/L

&(!_;a}eGbf w]/} lhNnf;+uf l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] lhNnf — l;Gw'nL -!)_

lhNnf;+uf
bf];|f] w]/} lhNnf;+uf l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] lhNnf —dsjfgk'/ - (
lhNnf_
;a}eGbf sd @ lhNnf;+uf l;dgf lhl8Psf] lhNnf—
emfkf,sGrgk'/,bfh'{nf

&(@_ hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 7'nf /\ ;fgf :yfgLo tx

 7'nf] sf7df08f}F dxgfu/kflnsf
;fgf] jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsf
pkdxfgu/kflnsf
7'nf] hgsk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf
;fgf] hLtk'/ —l;d/f
gu/kflnsf
7'nf] d]rLgu/ gu/kflnsf
;fgf] 7'nL e]/L gu/kflnsf
ufpFkflnsf
 7'nf] /fKtL;f]gf/L
;fgf] gfkm"{ ufpFkflnsf
&(@_ ;a}eGbf sd :yfgLo tx ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf]
?s'd –k"j{ # j6f /x]sf] 5

&(#_dxfn+u'x lxd z[ª\vvnf cGt/ut{ kg]{ k|d'v lxdfnx?

 ;u/dfy
 nf]T;]
 dsfn'
 rf]cf]o'
&($_ g]kfnnfO{ ljleGg ;dodf slt If]qdf ljefhg
 /f0f k|wfgdGqL jL/ zdz]/-!(%@_ — #% lhNnf
 led;]g yfkf —#( lhNnf
 !$ c~rn &% lhNnf —@)!* j}iffs !
 $ ljsf; If]qdf lj; @)@( c;f/ !
 % ljsf; If]qdf lj; @)#&
  & k|b]zdf ljefhg —@)&@ c;f]h #

&(%_ ;a}eGbf a9L k|ltlglw ;efdf lgjf{rg If]qx?

 k|b]z! — @*
 k|b]z@ —#@
 k|b]z#— ##
 k|b]z$— !*
 k|b]z% — @^
 k|b]z^ —!@
 k|b]z& —!^
hDdf !^% -k|ltlglw ;efdf k|b]z ;efsf] b'O{-8jn_ u'0f x'G5

&(^_ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] clGtd /fhfx?

 zfxj+zsf] — 1g]Gb| zfx
 ls/ftj+zsf] —u:tL
 eQmk'/sf] — /0flht dNn
 uf]/vfsf] —k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
&(&_ s] sf] k|lts lrGx s]
 ;]tf] k/]jf —zflGtsf] k|lts
 /ftf] qm; —8S6/L ;fxotf
 sfnf] em08f —lj/f]w
 ;]tf] em08f —cfTd ;dk{0f
 e'ms]sf] em08f —/fli6«o zf]ssf] k|lts
&(*_/fhf lj/]Gb|af6 @)#^ h]i7 !) df ax'blno Joj:yf jf ;'wfl/Psf]
k~rfolt Joj:yf eGg] hgdt ;+ux ug]{ 3f]ifgf u/]sf lyP
@)#& j}iffs @) df hgdt ;+u|x eof] / @)#& h]i7 ! df
kl/0ffd ;j{hlgs ul/of] h;df -^^=(@ k|lt;t dtbftf lyP
k~rfolt Joj:yfdf %$=&( / ax'blnosf] kIfdf $%=@!
k|lt;t dt v;]sf] lyof]
k~rfotn] %% / ax'bnn] @) lhNnf lht]sf] lyof] hgdt ;+u|x
x'bf ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf g]kfnsf] k|wfgdGqL lyP

k~rfot Joj:yfsf] lj?b|df cfGbf]ng x'gf yfNof] / @)$^ r}q

@^ df jx'blno k|hftfGqLs
Joj:yfsf] :ykgf eof]

&((_ @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf

cfkmgf] :jfldTjf 3/df j;f]jf; ug]{ hg;+Vof— *%=@^ k|lt;t
;x/L If]qdf ef8fsf] 3/df j;f]jf; ug]{ kl/jf/—$)=@@
wf/f jf kfOkjf6 lkpg] kfgL pkef]u ug]{ hg;+Vof —$&=&*
vfgf ksfpgf sf7 .bfp/f k|of]u ug]{ hg;+Vof —^$ k|lt;t
PnkL Uof;sf] k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ —@!=)#
ljh'nL aTtL k|of]u ug]{ —&^=@^
6]lnlehg k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ —#^=$%
df]jfOn kmf]gsf] k|of]u ug]{ —^$=^#
cfkm" a:g] 3/df zf}rfno ;'ljBf cem}klg gePsf] kl/jf/ —#*=!&
 kl/jf/df dlxnfsf] gfddf /x]sf] 3/hhUuf !(=&!
dlxnf 3/d"nL /x]sf] kl/jf/–@%=&#
s'g} g s'g} ckfªutf ePsf] hg;+Vof !=($
P;Pl; eGbf dflyNnf] tx plt{0f ug]{x? !)=@

*))_
pks/0fsf] gfd sfo{
NofS6f]ld6/ b'wsf] z'4tf gfKg] ofGq
Pld6/ ljB'tsf] s/]G6 gfKg] oGq
xfO8f«]ld6/ jfo' d08df ePsf] cfb|tf gfKg] ofGq
Plgdf]ld6/ Xfjfsf] ult gfKg] ofGq
dfOqmf]:sf]k ;':d a:t'nfO{ 7'nf] agfpg] oGq
6]ln:sf]k 6f9fsf] a:t' :ki6 x]g]{ oGq
cl8of]ld6/ Wjflg ;'Gg] Ifdtf dfkg ug]{ oGq
kf]lnu|km em'6f] kTtf nufpg k|of]u ul/g] oGq
kf/f] ld6/ pRr tfknfO{ gfKg] oGq

*)!_g]kfnsf] ljZj;+uf cfly{s ultljlw

g]kfn ;j{k|yd ;b:o ag]sf] ;+:yf Osfkmf] !($&
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] ;+:yfut ;'?jt ;g !(%!
Hggfj/L @! cd]/Lsf
g]kfndf cfw'lgs a}b]lzs ;fxotf cg'bfg ;g !(&) b]vL
g]kfn ;fxotf ;d'xnfO{ xfn s] elgG5<
g]kfn ljsf; dGr -;g @))) jf6
g]kfn ;/sf/n] j}b]lzs C0f lngf ;'? cf=jf @)!&.!*

*)@_g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgfPsf] ko{6g aif{x?

 ;g !((* g]kfn e|d0f aif{
 ;g @))@.# g]kfn uGtAo aif{
 ;g @)!! g]kfn ko{6g aif{
 ;g @)!@ n'lDagL e|d0f aif{
 lj; @)&# cGtl/s ko{6g aif{
*)#_s'g /f]u s] sf] sldn] nfUb5
/f]u nfUg] sf/0f
 ;'s]gf; sfaf]{xfO8]«8 / k|f]l6gsf] sdL
km's]gf; k|f]l6gsf] sdL
/Qm cNktf xf]df]Unf]jLg / /Qmf sf]lifsfx?sf] sdL
/tGwf] le6fdLg P sf] sdL
:seL{ le6fdLg l; sf] sdL
l/s]6\; le6fdLg l8 sf] sdL
unuFf8 cfof]8Lgsf] sdL
a]/La]/L le6fdLg B1

*)$_ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjBf/0f slxn] cfPsf] xf]<

;g !(*) sf] bzs - ;g !(*# sf] a'|6Nof08 cfof]u
g]kfndf cf7f}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfaf6
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu g]kfndf nfu' ePsf] k|yd /0fgLlt /fli6«o
;+/If0f /0fgLlt -;g !(**_ xf]
*)%_ a'|6Nof08 cfof]u s] xf] <
gj]{sf] k"j{ k|wfgdGqL u|f] xn]{d a|'6Nof08sf] cWoIftfdf ;g !(*#
df u7g ePsf] cfof]u xf]
o; cfof]un] cfkmgf] k|ltj]bg ;g !(*& df a'emfPsf] lyof]
k|ltj]bgsf] gf/f xfd|f] ;femf eljio /x]sf] 5
o; cfof]un] lnPsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] kl/efif—eljiosf lk9Lsf
cfjZotfnfO{ vnn gk'/\ofO{ jt{dfg lk9|Lsf cfj:otf kl/k"lt{ ug'{
g} lbuf] ljsf; xf]
#_ jftj/0f ;DalGw klxnf] cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng slxn] / sxfF eof]<
;g !(&@ h'g %— !^ :jL8]gsf] :6\sxf]d
*)#_g]kfnsf] s]lx lxdfn k"j{
af6 klZrd
s+~rgh+uf,
u0f]z lxdfn
dsfn'
dgf:n'
Nxf]T;]
cgk'0f{
;u/dfy
wjnflu/L
rf]o'
;}kfn
uf}l/z+s/
cflk
nfª6fª

*)$_ ;fs{sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] e'kl/j]li7t /fi6« s'g xf]

ckmufg:yfg
;fs{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] e'kl/j]li7t /fi6« — e'6fg
;fs{sf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] glb a|dfxk'q xf]
;fs{sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] tfn —lrNsf
 ;fs{sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] d?e'ld —yf/

*)%_kfgLdf 3'Ng] le6fldg s'g s'g xf]

 B,C
kfgLdf g3'Ng] le6fldg —KEDA
af];f]df 3'Ng] le6fldg — KEDA
*)%_ Universal Donner eGgfn] s'g u'ksf] /utnfO{ hgfpG5
O Negative
Universal Acceptor — AB positive
*)^_g]kfnL ;lxTosf/ ltgsf] pkgfd
dxfslj —nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f
cflbslj — efg'eQm cfrfo{
slj lz/f]dl0f — n]vgfy kf}F8\]n
:jf/ ;d|f6 — gf/fo0f uf]kfn
o'uslj — l;l4r/0f If]i7
/fi6«slj — dfwj k|zfb l3ld/]
*)&_ljleGg hfthflt / ltgsf] gfr
;f]/7L —u'?ª,du/
 ;]nf] gfr — tfdfª
wfg gfr— lnDa'
r08L gfr —/fO{
3F6" gfr —u'?ª
sf}/f gfr — du/
em'd/f gfr —yf?
*)*_ gjf}F /fli6«o s/ lbj; @)&& sf] gf/f s] xf]
ljsf; ,;d[4L / ;'zf;g :jR5,kf/blz{ / k|ljlwd}lq s/ k|zf;g
lj; @)&^ gf/f —:jR5 s/ k|zf;g ljsf; / ;'zf;g
x/]s aif{ d+lz/ ! df dgfOG5
@)^( af6 dgfpgf yflnPsf]
*)(_ ljZjdf s|]|l86 sf8{sf] k|of]u ug]{ klxnf] /fi6« s'g xf]
cd]l/sf
g]kfndf Pl6Pd sf8{ — Pe/]i6 a}s
s|]l86 sf8{ —lxdfno a}s
OG6/g]6 a}+lsª — s'df/L a}+s ]
*!)_ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] ;do k|wfgdGqL ag]sf JolQm sf] x'g
z]v vlnkmf lag cn vlnkmf
ax/fOgsf k|wfgdGqL
;g @)@) gf]e]Da/ !! df lgwg
*!!_ k'0f{— lgdf0f{kl5 /flgkf]vl/sf] pb3f6g slxn] ePsf] xf]
 @)&& sflt{s %
*!@_ g]kfnL efiffsf] klxnf] klqsf — uf]/vf ef/t lhjg
g]kfnL efiffsf] g]kfndf g} 5flkPsf] klxnf] klqsf—;'wf ;fu/
g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;fKtlxs klqsf s'g xf] — uf]/vfkq
g]kfnsf] klxnf] b}lgs klqsf —cfjh
*!#_k|ltlglw ;ef k|ToIftkm{ @)&$ df ljhoL x'g] dlxnf pDd]/bfx?
slt 5g
sdnf /f]s k"jL ?sd
kDkmf e';fn nlntk'/
kljq lg/f}Fnf v/]n emfkf
ljgf du/ sGrgk'/
b'u{f kf}8]n Ko'7fg
kbd s'df/L cof{n :ofªhf
*!$_g]kfndf pkdxfgu/kfnLsf /x]sf] lhNnfx? s'g s'g x'g <
;'g;/L — O6x/L ,w/fg
af/f —sn}of,hLtk'/—l;d/f
bfª — t'nl;k'/,3f]/xL
wg'iff —hgsk'/
dsjfgk'/ — x]6f}F8f
?kGb]xL —a'6jfn
afFs] — g]kfnuGh
 s}nfnL — wgu9L

*!$_ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjBf/0f slxn] cfPsf] xf]<

;g !(*) sf] bzs - ;g !(*# sf] a'|6Nof08 cfof]u
g]kfndf cf7f}F k~rjifL{o of]hgfaf6
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu g]kfndf nfu' ePsf] k|yd /0fgLlt /fli6«o
;+/If0f /0fgLlt -;g !(**_ xf]
*!%_ a'|6Nof08 cfof]u s] xf] <
gj]{sf] k"j{ k|wfgdGqL u|f] xn]{d a|'6Nof08sf] cWoIftfdf ;g !(*#
df u7g ePsf] cfof]u xf]
o; cfof]un] cfkmgf] k|ltj]bg ;g !(*& df a'emfPsf] lyof]
k|ltj]bgsf] gf/f xfd|f] ;femf eljio /x]sf] 5
o; cfof]un] lnPsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] kl/efif—eljiosf lk9Lsf
cfjZotfnfO{ vnn gk'/\ofO{ jt{dfg lk9|Lsf cfj:otf kl/k"lt{ ug'{
g} lbuf] ljsf; xf]
*!^_ jftj/0f ;DalGw klxnf] cGt/fli6«o ;Dd]ng slxn] / sxfF
eof]<
;g !(&@ h'g %— !^ :jL8]gsf] :6\sxf]d
 bf];|f] ljZj jftj/0f ;Dd]ng a|flhnsf] l/of] lb h]g]l/of]df ;g
!((@ h'g # —!$ df ePsf] lyof]
bf];|f] ;Dd]ngnfO{ k[YjL ;Dd]ngsf] gfdn] klg lrlgG5
*!&_ k[YjL ;Dd]ngn] kfl/b u/]sf] $ j6f 3f]ifgfkq s] s] x'g
Ph]08f @!
jftj/0f ;+/If0f
jg ;+/If0f gLlt
hnjfo' kl/jt{g
*!*_ g]kfndf jftj/0f ;+/If0f ;DalGw ljifosf] cjBf/0f s'g
of]hgfaf6 cfPsf] xf]<
5}6f}F of]hgf
jftj/0f ;+/If0f kl/ifbsf] :ykgf lj; @)%)
*!(_ lbuf] ljsf; Ph]08fsf k|yldstfsf If]qx? s'g s'g x'g
hgtf
k[YjL
;d[4L
zflGt
;fem]bf/L
*@)_ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? slxn] /fi6«;+3Lo dxf;efjf6 cg'df]bg
ePsf] xf]
;g @)!% ;]K6]Dj/ @%
 nIox? !& j6f
dfgk of]Uo ;"rd nIox? jf lglbi6 nIo !^(
;"rsx? $#)
*@!_ g]kfnsf] k|ltlglw ;efn] h}ljs ljljBtf dxf;lGw nfO{ slxn]
cg'df]bg u/]sf] xf]<
 @# gf]e]Da/ !((#
 g]kfndf h}ljs ljljBtfsf] dxf;lGw @@ km]a'|cl/ !(($ -@)%)
kmfu'g (_ af6 nfu' ePsf] xf]
*@!_ jftj/0fsf zAbx? ;j{k|yd k|of]u ug]{ JolQmx?
 lbuf] ljsf; —afa{/f jf8{ - a|'6Nof08 cfof]u _
 h}ljs ljljBtf — Ocf] ljN;g
 h}ljs k|ljlw — sfn{ P/]nL
 ko{j/0f lj1fg —cg]{:6 x\ofsn
*@@_ jftj/0fsf ;j{k|yd cjBf/0f k|:t'tstf{
lbuf] ljsf; — a|'6Nof08 cfof]u
xl/t u[xsf] cjBf/0f Nofpg] —j]l/; hLg km]l/o/
xl/t u[x k|efj ePsf] elg kTtf nufpg] —cfly{g;
cDnf aif{sf] cjBf/0f —/j{6 Pªu; l:dy
cf]hg tx kTtf nufpg] JolQm — h];L km/Dofg
cf]hg tx kftflnb} uPsf] JolQm —z]/p8 /f]Nof08
*@#_ xl/t u[xdf kfOg] UoFf;sf] dfq
sfj{08fOcS;fO8 — %& k|lt;t
Snf]/f]km\nf]/f] sfj{g —@% k|lt;t
ldy]g —!@ k|lt;t
gfO6«;cS;fO8— ^ k|lt;t
;a}eGbf a9L xl/t u[x UFof; pTkfbg ug]{ b]z cd]l/sf / rLg
x'g
*@#_ ;a}eGbf a9L clS;hg pTkfbg ug]{ jg:ktL lkkn xf]
Pp6f jo:s ?vn] ;/b/ @=& s]lh clS;hg pTkfbg u5{
Pp6f dflg;nfO{ b}lgs !^ s]hL clS;hg cj:os k5{
lbg/ft clS;hg lbg] ag:ktL t'nl; xf]
*@$_ ck/fw cg';Gwgsf l;nl;nfdf k|x/Laf6 hf/L ul/g] ljz]if
;'rgf sf]8x?
 Red Corner Notic —Most wanted JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug{
hf/L ul/g] gf]l6z
Yellow Corner Notic —x/fPsf] JoltmnfO{ vf]htnf; ug]{
hf/L ul/g] gf]l6;
Blue Corner Notic —s'g} klg ;+sfsf] 3]/fdf /x]sf] JolQmsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L lngfsf] nflu hf/L ul/g] gf]l6; \
Green Corner notic —s'g} Ps ck/fwLn] cGo s'g} d'n'sdf
ck/fw u/]sf] 5 5}gf egL a'emgf hf/L ul/g] gf]l6;
 Orange Corner Notic—;b:o /fi6«nfO{ xftxltof/ tyf
lj:kmf]6s kbfy{-sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg ul/g] gf]l6;
United Nations Special Notice —s'g} klg ck/flws
JolQm jf ;d"xsf] af/]df UNO af6 k|fKt x'g] ;'rgf ,cn sfobf
Black Notic —;gfvt x'gf g;s]sf] zjaf/] hfgsf/L lbg
hfl/ ul/g] gf]l6;

*@%_g]kfnL dlxnf km'6andf klxnf] cGt/fli6«o uf]nstf{ sf] x'g<

 k]df 8f]df nfdf - ;g !((( lkmlnlkG; lj?b|
 !#cf}F ;fudf g]kfn pkljh]tf ePsf] lyof] ,ef/t ljh]tf
*@^_ ljleGg k|b]zn] ;'? u/]sf] ljleGg cleofgx?
 d cl3 a9\5' cleofg — k|b]z g !
 a]6L k9fpm a]6L arfpm cleofg— k|b]z @
 Ps g;{ Ps ljBfno —k|b]z # -afudlt k|b]z
 pHofnf] k|b]z cleofg —u08sL
 ;fg} 5' j9\gf b]pm,afnljaxf xf]Og k9\gf b]pm —
;"b'/lkZrd
 cuf{lgs cleofg —s0f{nL k|b]z
*@&_ xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gsf] sf/0fx?
  pmhf{ cfk"lt{ —@%=% k|lt;t
 jg ljgf; — !&=$ k|lt;t
 oftoftsf] ;fwg —!#=! k|lt;t
 k|b'if0f kmf]xf/d}nf —@=* k|lt;t
 pBf]u — !(=$ k|l;t
 s[lif —!#=$ k|lt;t
 cfjlzo Jofkfl/s ejg —&=( k|lt;t
*@*_ slt cf}F /fli6«o v]n sxfFeof]
v]n ldlt :yfg
k|yd @)#* efb|f Sf7df08f}
bf];|f] @)$) r}q kf]v/f
t];f|] @)$@ kmfu'g k;f{ lj/uGh
rf]yf] @)%% r}q g]kfnuGh
kfFrf} @)^% r}q sf7df08f}F
5}6f}F @)^* kmfu'g Wfgu9L
;ft}F @)&# k'; lj/f6gu/
cf7f}F @)&^ a}iffs k|b]z g %
*@(_ dlxnf ljZjsksf] ;'?jt slxn] ePsf] lyof]<
 dlxnf ljZjsksf] ;'?jt ;g !((! rLg af6 ePsf]
xf]
 xfn ;g @)!( df cf7f}F ljZjsk k|mfG;df ;DkGg
ePsf] xf] / o;sf] ljh]tf cd]l/sf / pkljh]tf g]b/Nof08
xf]
*#)_ ;g @)!* sf] ljZjsk km'6andf ;]dL kmfOgn k'Ug] $
/fi6« s'g s'g x'g
 km|fG;,a]lNhod,qmf]Pl;of ,OªNo08
 ;g @)!* sf] ljZjskdf ^$ v]ndf !^( uf]n ePsf]
lyof]
 !@ cfTd3ftL uf]n ePsf] lyof]
 ljZjsksf] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s lel8of] cl;:6]g
/]lkm|sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof]
 ;g @)!* sf] ljZjskdf cfO;Nof08 / kfgfdf
klxnf]k6s ;xeflu hgfPsf lyP
 ;a}eGbf a9L uf]n ug]{ l6d a]lNhod !^ uf]n
*#!_ gf]jn k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] dlxnf sf] x'g <
Dof8d So'/L
  /]l8od kTtf nufP jfkt ef}lts z:qtkm{sf] So/L
bDktLnfO{ !()# df gf]jn k'/:sf/
 /]l8od / kf]nf]lgod af/] cWofg u/] afkt ;g !(!!
df /;fog zf:qtkm{sf] gf]jn k'/:sf/ k|bfg
*#@_ :6]kmf]g xlsªnfO{ s'g /f]u nfu]sf] lyof]<
cdfOl6«s Nof6]/n :snf]/f]l;g
 xlsªsf] hGd * hgfj/L !($@ df ePsf] lyof] eg]
d[To' !$ dfr{ @)!* df ePsf] xf]
 A brief history of time k|d'v k':ts xf] / o;df
JNofs xf]n af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
*##_;"o{nfO{ ;a}eGbf l56f] / l56f] ultdf a'w u|xn] kl/qm|df
ub{5 eg] ;a}eGbf l9nf] / l9nf] ultdf a?0f u|xn] kl/qmdf
ub{5
 ;}fod08nsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] pku|x Uoflgld8 xf] h'g a'w
u|x eGbf lg 7'nf] 5
 l66fg jf 6fO6g zlg u|xsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] pku|x xf] / of]
of] ;f}o{d08nsf] bf];|f] 7'nf] pku|x xf]
*#$_ caf g]kfndf af]lng] efiff !#! k'u]sf 5g yk ul/Psf]
efiffx? df/]v ofSvf / gfjf z]kf{ /x]sf] 5g
  @)^* ;fnsf] hgug0f cg';f/ !@# efiff lyP eg] @)&^
sflt{sdf ^ j6f efiff yk ul/Psf] lyof]
*#%_ ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] ;dosf] lbg ePsf] u|x j[x:ktL xf] eg]
;a}eGbf nfdf] ;dosf] lbg ePsf] u|x z'qm xf] ,z'qm u|xdf aif{
eGbf lbg nfdf] x'G5
*#^_ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf;DaGwL s]lx dxTjk'0f{ k':tssf n]vsx?
 a'4Lgf/fo0f If]i7 — g]kfnsf] l;dgf
 kml0fGb| g]kfn — g]kfn l6i6fb]vL ;tnh;Ddf
 lx/0onfn If]i7 — sfnfkflg / sfnLsf] d'xfg
 /tg e08f/L —cltqmd0fsf] rk]6fdf lnlDkofw'/f /
lnk'n]v
*#&_ l8Puf] Dof/f8f]gfsf] lgwg slxn] ePsf] lyof]
 gf]e]Da/ @% ;g @)@)
 pgsf] sKtfgLdf ch]{lG6gfn] ;g !(*^ sf] ljZjsk
lht]sf] lyof]
 Dof/f8f]gf / k]n]nfO{ ljZj km'6an dxf;+3n] ;g @))) df
zftfAbLsf] pTs[i6 km'6an/sf] ?kdf 3f]ifgf u/]sf] lyof]
*#*_ s'g /f]u s] sf/0fn]
  8]uF' —Pl8; PlhK6fO{ / Pl8; PNaf] lkS6; hftsf]
nfdv'6'6]sf] 6f]sfOaf6
 dn]l/of —Pgf]lkmN; nfdv'6\6]sf] 6f]sfOaf6
 xfltkfOn] —So'n]S; nfdv'6\6]sf] 6f]sfOaf6
 lhsf efO/; —Pl8; PlhK6fO nfdv'6\6]sf] 6f]sfOaf6 ;g]{
/f]u
 :jfOg km\n' —H1N1
*#(_ ljb]z hfgsf] nflu dlxnfsf] pd]/
 cd]l/sf dxfb]z ,o'/f]k dxfb]z hfg —!* aif{
 vfl8 d'n\'sdf 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ?kdf hfg] dlxnfx?sf]
Go"gtd pd]/ — @$
 Oh/fon s]o/lue/df hfg —@%
*$)_s] =kL zdf{ cf]ln g]kfnsf] slt cf}F k|wfgdGqL x'g
 $! cf}F klxnf x'bfF #* cf}F
 k|wfgdGqLdf lgo"Qm —@)&$ kmfu'g # - ;+ljBfgsf] wf/f
&^ cg';f/_
 kIfdf —@)* / ljkIfdf ^) dt
*$!_ g]kfn;+uf xjfO ;'Demf}t fug]{ clGtd /fi6«
 xfn;Ddf $) b]z;+uf xjfO ;Demf}tf ePsf]] 5
  $) cf}F d'n's —ci6]«lnof
 #( cf}F d'n's —sDjf]l8of
 #* cf}F d'n's —Go"lhNof08
 k|yd — ef/t
*$@_ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf sd pd]/df k|wfgdgqL x'g] dlxgf
 ;fGgf dfl/g -#$_ lkmgNof08sf] k|wfgdGqL
*$#_ !@ cf}F /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)&* sf] gf/f
 d]/f] u0fgf d]/f] ;xeflutf
 @)&* h]i7 @% b]lv c;f/ * ;Ddf
 s]lGbo tYofªs ljefu4f/f

*$$_cf]kg 6]lg; ljz]iful/ $ j6f 5g

!_ ljaN8g cf]kg 6]lg; — :yfkgf ;g= !*&&
;a}eGbf k'/fgf] 6]lg;
@_ km|]Gr cf]kg —:ykgf ;g !*(!
#_ o'P; cf]kfg — :ykgf !**!
$_ ci6]«lnog cf]kg —:ykgf !()%
cf=j @)&^.&& cg';f/ jfl0fHo a}Fssf] ;+Vof slt 5
 jfl0fHo j}Fs @&
 ljsf; j}Fs @#
 ljQ sDklg @@
 nu'ljt ljlto ;+:yf *(
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}Fs !
*$^_g]kfndf /fhkqsf] k|sf;g ;j{k|yd slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 @))* >fjg @# g]kfn uh]6
 @)@# df3 !& /fhkqsf] gfddf ;+zf]wg ul/of]
 of] g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L ug]{ cflwsf/Ls ;'rgf tyf
b:tfj]h xf]
 g]kfn /fhkqdf ^ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] xf]
 efu ! —;+ljBfg jf ;+ljBfg ;/xsf] 3f]ifgfkqsf]
k|sf;g ul/g]5
 efu @ — P]g tyf cWofb]z
 efuf # — g]kgn ;/sf/n] hfl/ u/]sf] cfb]z
,clwsf/kq ,lgodx?
 efu $—;+ljBfg cGt/utsf lgo'lQm tyf ;'rgfnfO{
o; efudf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5
 efu % —P]g,lgod,jf cWofb]z cGt{/ut jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd /fhkqdf k|sfl;t x'g] ;'rgf
 efu ^ — g]kfn kIf ePsf] ;GwL tyf ;Dem}tfx?
*$&_ lrlgofF /IffdGqLsf] g]kfn e|d0f
 j]O km]ªx]
 e|d0f —@)&& d+ªl;/ !$ - ;g @)@) gf]e]Dj/ @(
 b'O{ klIfo lxt tyf ;}Go ;xof]usf ljifodf 5nkmn
*$*_ :ykgfsf] cfwf/df ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] km'6jn sk s'g xf] –
 sf]kf cd]l/sf - ;g !(!^
 blIf0f cd]l/sfdf x'g] v]n t/f ;g @)!^ sf] sf]kf cd]l/sf
eg] klxnf]k6s blIf0f cd]l/sfaflx/f cd]l/sfdf ePsf]
lyof]
 ;a}eGbf a9L k6s pkflw lhTg] d'n's p?Uj] xf]
*$(_ :ykgfsf] cfwf/df ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] u|f08 :nfd x'g xf]<
 ljDjN8g -;g !*&&
 o'P; cf]kg —;g !**!
 ci6]«lnPg cf]kg —!*(!
 km|]Gr cf]kg —;g !()%
*%)_ Sof]6f] 3f]ifgfkq s]xf]<
  hfkgsf] Sof]6f]df ;g !((& l8;]Da/ !! df ;DkGg ljZj
;Dd]ngn] @& wf/fsf] wf]ifgfkq hfl/ ul/Psf] lyof] To;}nfO{
Sof6f] 3f]ifgfkq elgG5 . o;df Joj:yf ul/Psf d'Vo
ljifo
!_ cf}Bf]lus /fi6«x?n] jftj/0fnfO{ c;/ k'/\ofg] ^ lsl;dsf
xl/tu[x UofF;x? pTkfbg x'g] pBf]unfO{ lj:yflkt ug]{
k|lta2tf x'g'kg]{ afWosf/L Joj:yf ul/Psf]
@_ ;g @))* b]lv ;g @)!@ ;Ddfdf xl/tu[x Uof; pT;h{g
b/ ;g !(() sf] sf] bfhf]sf] lgDgfcg';f/ s6f}lt ug'kg]{
 cd]l/sf & k|lt;t
 hfkg ^ k|lt;t
 ci6]«lnof * k|lt;t
#_ ;g @)%) ;Ddfdf xl/tu[x UofF; pT;h{g &) k|lt;t
36fpg'kg]{
 Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn sfof{Gjfogdf cfPsf] —;g @))%
km|]a'cl/ !^
*%!_ bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o nIo cGt/ut{ ;d[l4 tkm{ s] s] /x]sf]
5
 ;j{;'ne cfw'lgs k"j{wf/ Pj\d ;3g cGt/ cfj4ttf
  dfgj k'lhF lgdf0f{ tyf ;Defjgfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u
 pRrf / lbuf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjf
 pRr / ;dtfd"ns /fli6«o cfo
*%!_g]kfn /fhkqsf] ;'?jt slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 @))* >fjg @# g]kfn uh]6
 @)@# df3 !& /fhkqsf] gfddf ;+zf]wg ul/of]
 of] g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L ug]{ cflwsf/Ls ;'rgf tyf
b:tfj]h xf]
 g]kfn /fhkqdf ^ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] xf]
 efu ! —;+ljBfg jf ;+ljBfg ;/xsf] 3f]ifgfkqsf]
k|sf;g ul/g]5
 efu @ — P]g tyf cWofb]z
 efuf # — g]kfn ;/sf/n] hfl/ u/]sf] cfb]z
,clwsf/kq ,lgodx?
 efu $—;+ljBfg cGt/utsf lgo'lQm tyf ;'rgfnfO{
o; efudf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5
 efu % —P]g,lgod,jf cWofb]z cGt{/ut jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd /fhkqdf k|sfl;t x'g] ;'rgf
 efu ^ — g]kfn kIf ePsf] ;GwL tyf ;Dem}tfx?
 *%!_ g]kfnsf] s'g ;+ljBfg slxn] 3f]ifgf ePsf] lyof]
;+ljBfg 3f]ifgf ldtL
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] j}wflgs sfg'g @))$ @))$ df3 !#
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zf;g ljBfg @))& @))& r}q @(
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)!% @)!% kmfu'g !
g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg @)!( @)!( kf}if !
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)$& @)$& sflt{s
@#
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljBfg @)^# @)^# df3 !
g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg @)&@ @)&@ efb| #)
kfl/b
@)&@ c;f]h #
nfu'

*%@_ :yfgLo txdf klxnf] ;a}eGbf w]/} 7fpdf s'g kfl6n]

lht]sf] lyof]
  g]skf Pdfn] —@($
 g]kfnL sfu|]; —@^^
 g]skf dfcf]jfbL —!)^
 ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d —#$
$%#_;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] s'g aif{nfO{ cGt/fli6«o dlxnf aif{sf]
?kdf dgfof]
 ;g !(&%
 ljZjdf n}ªlus pt/bfoL ah]6sf] ;'?jt — ci6]«lnof
 n}ªlus ptbfoL ah]6sf] ;'?jt —;g !(*$
 g]kfndf n}Fªlus pt/bfoL ah]6sf] yfngL — cf=j
@)^$.^%
$%$_ cfl;ogsf] k|d'v # j6f cªux?
 /fi6« tyf ;/sf/ k|d'vsf] a}7s
 ljb]z dGqLx?sf] a}F7s
 ;lrjfno
$%%_ 3fp lgsf] x'gfdf ;xof]u ug]{ le6fldg s'g xf]<
 le6fldg l;
 c08fdf kfOg] — P lj l8
  v';f{gLdf kfOg] le6fldg — le6fdLg ;L

*%^_ ;g @)!( df ljleGg b]zdf cfPsf cflwx?

 sfd'/L — ;g @)!( df l8;]Dj/df lkmlnlkG;df cfPsf]
cfwL
 n]lsdf — ;g @)!( cu:6df rLgdf cfPsf] cfwL
 xluaL; —;g @)!( cS6f]a/df hfkgdf cfPsf] cfwL
 a'na'n —;g @)!( gf]e]Dj/df a+unfb]z / ef/tdf cfPsf]
cfwL
*%*_s'g dxfgu/kflnsdf slt j8f
 sf7df08f} —#@
 nlntk'/ —@(
 e/tk'/ —@(
 kf]v/f n]vgfy —##
 lj/f6gu/ —!(
 jL/uGh —#@
*%(_ljleGg kj{sf] kf]n vf]Ng] JolQmx?
 #* ;fnsf] kj{ —pQ/Wjh vjf;
 e08f/vfn kj{ —ljho/fh kl08t
 ds} kj{ —/fdx/L clwsf/L / ef]h/fh hf]zL
 nfOa]/L kj{ —/fdrGb| clwsf/L

*^)_ s;sf] wg'nfO{ s] elgG5

 uf08Lj — ch'{gsf] wg'
 ;f/ª — lji0f'sf] wg'
 ;'bz{g — lji0f'sf] rqm|
 lkgfs — lzjsf] wg'

*^!_ 3f]lift ePsf] a}s tyf a}Fs ckm lb Oo/x?

 ;g @)!^ — g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}Fs
 ;g @)!& — PgPdla a}Fs
 ;f @)!* — PgPdla a}Fs
  ;g @)!( — d]uf a}Fs
 ;g @)@) — PgPdlj a}Fs
*^@_ ;fs{sf] !$ cf} dxf;lrj
 >L+nsfsf] Pnf; lj/fs'g
 ;g @)@) dfr{ ! b]vL sfo{sfn ;'?
 sfo{sfn # aif{
 o;cl3 kfls:tfgsf cdhfb x';]g la l;ofn lyP
 klxnf] dxf;lrj ca'n cx;g
 g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 @ hgf dxf;lrj ePsf 5g –ofbjsfGb
l;njfn $cf}F / ch'{g j yfkf !@ cf}F
*^#_If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ljZjsf] % ;fgf b]zx? qmdz ;fgf]
af6 7'nf]
 Eofl6sg l;l6 ,df]gfsf] ,gfp/ t'efn',;fgdfl/gf]
 % 7'nf b]z ?;,Sofg8f,cd]l/sf,lrg,a|lhn
,ci6]lnof,ef/t,ch]{lG6gf
*^$_ ljZjsf] s]lx k|d'v glbsf] pbud tyf ljno :yn

glb pbud ljno

 gfOn leS6f]l/of tfn e"dWo] ;fu/
OGb; s}nf; kj{t c/j ;fu/
cd]hg Pl08h kj{t Kofl;lkms cf]l;g
ldl;l;kL Onf:s tfn d]lS;sg vfl8
a|dfxk'q Dfg;/f]j/ a+ufnsf] vfl8

*^%_ g]kfndf l;d;f/ If]qdf ;"lrs[t l;d;f/ If]qsf]

If]qkmn slt /x]sf] 5
 ^)%^! ju{ x]S6/ /x]sf] 5
 l;d;f/ lbj; km|]a'cl/ @ df dgfOG5
 ;g @)@) sf] gf/f l;d;f/ / h}ljjs ljljBtf /x]sf]
5 eg] ;g @)@! sf] nflu l;d;f/ / hnjfo' kl/jt{g
/x]sf] 5
 g]kfndf !) j6f If]qx? l;d;f/df ;"lrs[t 5g eg]
klxnf] ;"lrs[t If]q sf]zL6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If0f If]q xf]
eg] clGtd kf]v/f pkTosfsf ( tfnx? x'g
*^^_ g]kfn / rLg ljrsf k|d'v gfsf / cjl:yt lhNnf
  cf]nfªr'ªuf]nf —tfKn]h'ª
 sf]bf/L . tftf]kfgL —l;Gw'kfNrf]s
 of/L .lxN;f —x'Dnf
 gfªkf . nfdfau/ — bf]nvf
 s]?ª — /;'jf
*^&_ g]kfnsf] s]lx k|d'v tfn / cjl:ytL lhNnf
 /f/f tfn — d'u'
 kmf]S;'08f] tfn — 8f]Nkf
 OGb| ;/f]j/ — dsjfgk'/
 ltlnrf] — dgfª
 aL;xhf/L — lrtjfg
 5f]—/f]Nkf tfn — bf]nvf
 a]ugf; — sf:sL
 km]jf tfn — sf:sL
*^*_ s'g v]ndf slt v]nf8L ;+Vof x'G5
 lqm|s]6 ,km'6an — !!
 kf]nf] — $
 af:s]6an —%
 x]G8jn —&
  vf]— vf] — (
 sj\88L —&
*^*_;fs{ /fi6«sf /fli6«o v]nx?
 g]kfn — elnjn
 >L+nsf] — elnjn
 a+unfb]z — sa8\l8
 kfls:tfg — xsL
 ef/t — xsL
 e'6fg — wg'ifjf0f
 ckmufg:yfg —a':sf;L
 rLg — 6]jn 6]lg;
*^(_ dfgj z/L/df ;fdfGo cj:yfdf slt km/]gxfO6 tfkqmd x'G5
km/]gxfO6 (*=^
l8u|L ;]lN;o;df #&
s]lNeg #!)=!%
*&)_ g]kfn af6 ;a}eGbf a9L k6s ;fs{ ;Dd]ngdf efu lng
hfg] JolQm sf] x'g
 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf % k6s - ^,&,!),!$,!% cf}F
 /fhf lj/]Gb| $ k6s - !— $_ cf}F
 s[i0fk|;fb e6\/fO{ - % cf}
 dgdf]xg clwsf/L - * cf}
 nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb| -( cf}F
 z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf - !! cf}
 ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf - !@ cf}F
 /fhf 1fg]Gb| - !# cf}F
 dfwj s'df/ g]kfn - !^ cf}F
 8f= afa'/fd e6\/fO{ — !& cf}F
 ;'lzn sf]O/fnf — !* cf}
 ;u/dfysf] gofF prfO{

 3f]ifgf —@)&& d+l;/ @# ,;g @)@) l8;]Dj/ *

 ;u/dfy lbj; d] @( df dgfOG5
 g]kfn / rLgn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
*&@_ lje"if0f
lje"if0f P]g @)^$ , nfu' ePsf] —@)^$—$—#@
lje"if0f lgodfjnL @)^%— k|f/De ePsf] @)^%—!!—!@
  /fli6«o lhjgsf ljleGg If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg
k'/\ofpg] dxfg'efjnfO{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 sb/ tyf
;Ddfg:j?k k|bfg ul/g] dfgkbfjL,cn+sf/ tyf kbsnfO{
lje'if0f elgG5
!_ dfgkbfjL
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] lje"if0fx?dWo] ;a}eGbf
pRrf dof{bfqmddf /x]sf] lje'if0f dfgkbfjL xf] . dfgkbfjL
$ k|sf/sf x'G5g ,
!_g]kfn /Tg @_ /fi6« uf}/j #_ /fi6«bLk $_hg;]jf>L

 g]kfn /Tg / /fi6«uf}/jsf] >]0fL ljefhg ul/Psf] 5}gf ,

 g]kfnsf] ;jf]{RrdfgkbfjL g]kfn /Tg xfn ;Ddf slt

hgfnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 <
% hgfnfO{
 g]kfn /Tg xfn;Ddf lhljt JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf]
5}gf
  u0f]zdfg lz+x —@)^&
 lul/hfk|zfb sf]O/fnf—@)&!
 dbg e08f/L —@)&#
 ljkL sf]O/fnf —@)&$
 k'iknfn >]i7—@)&%
 g]kfnsf] ;j]{Rr dfgkbfjL g]kfn /Tg xf]
 /fi6«f]Tyfgsf] laGb' /fi6«k|]d , cfbz{ jfSo s'g
dfgkbfljdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 ,g]kfn /Tg
 dftf;dfg eft[e"dL, cfbz{ jfSo s'g dfgkbfljdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 ,/fi6« uf}/j
 /fi6«elQm cd"No zlQm , cfbz{ jfSo s'g dfgkbfljdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 ,/fi6«bLk
 ;]jf g} k/d wd{ , cfbz{ jfSo s'g dfgkbfljdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 ,hg;]jf>L

*&#_ s'g cfGbf]ng sxfF ePsf] lyof] =

cfGbf]ngsf] gfd cfGbf]ng ePsf] b]z
Yellow Revolution lkmlnlkG;
Red Revolution ?;
Orange Revolution o'qm|\]g
Lotus Revolution OlhK6
Purple Revolution O/fs
Rose Revolution hlh{of

*&$_em08fsf] l:ytL
em's]sf] em08f /fli6«o zf]s
pN6f] em08f /fli6«o ljktL
/ftf] em08f vt/fsf] lrGx
Xl/of] em08f vt/f d'Qm
sfnf] em08f lj/f]w kb{zg
;]tf] em08f cfTd;dk{g

*&%_g]kfnn] lnPsf] ljleGg nIo / k'/f ug]{ ldtL

 afnljaxf cGTo ug]{ ;g @)@)
  xfltkfOn] lhjf0f'd'Qm ;g @)@)
 af3sf] ;+Vof bf]Aa/ ;g @)@@
 lasflzn /fi6« ;g @)@@
 ef]sdf/L cTTo ;g @)@%
 cf}nf] /f]u pGd'ng ;g @)@%
 ul/jL cGTo ;g @)#)
 dWod cfo ePsf] d'n's ;g @)#)
*&^_bacterial lhjf0f' ;d'xdf kg]{ /f]ux?
nx/] vf]sL x]}hf
Eofu't] /f]u Dofb] Hjf/f]
Go'df]gLof Ifof/f]u
Dl:tis h/f] wg'i6sf/

Virus ljiff0f' ;d'xdf kg]{ /f]ux?

ljkm/ /]ljh
x]k6fOl6; P bfb'/f
x]k6fO6L; aL xfF8]
7]pnf ?3fvf]sL
OGkm'nGhf

g]kfnaf6 ;fs{ /fi6«sf] ;do cj:yf

 ckmufg:yfg = -1;15 m
 dflNb; = -0;45 m
 kfls:tfg = - 0;45 m
 ef/t = -0;15m
 >L+nsf = -0;15m
 a+unfb]z = +0;15m
 e'6fg = +0;15m
*&(_ ufFhf xflgsf/s nfu"cf}ifw sf] ;"lrjf6 x6]sf] 5
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo nfu"cf}ifw ;DaGwL cfof]u –o"Pgl;Pg8L_
n] ufFhfnfO{ xflgsf/s nfu"cf}ifwLsf] ;"lraf6 x6fPsf] xf]
 ;g @)@) l8;]Da/ @ df ePsf] dbtfgdf x6fpg] kIfdf
dt lyof]
 dtbfgdf cfa4 %# ;b:o /fi6«dWo] @& n] x6fpg] kIfdf
dtbfg u/]sf lyP / g]kfnn] klg x6fpg] kIfdf dtbfg.
u/]sf] lyof]
**)_ s;sf] kbfjlw slt jif{sf] x'G5
 /fi6«klt — % aif{
 pk/fi6«klt —% aif{
 k|ltlglw ;ef— % aif{
 /fli6«o ;ef —^ aif{
 d'Vo ;lrj — # aif{
**!_ ljleGg efiffsf lnlkx?
 g]kfnL — b]jgfu/L
 g]jf/L — /Ghgf
 tdfª — tdlxu
 ef]hk'/L —s}yL
 d}lynL —lt/x'tf
 lnDa' — l;l/ªhf
 n]Krf — /f]ª
**@_ s'g o'4df s;n] lj/ult kfPsf x'g <
 sfhL sfn' kfF8] — sLlt{k'/sf] o'4df
 ;/b/ elQm yfkf — b]pynsf] o'4df
 ;/b/ uGbe{ /fgf — sfFu8f o'4df
  rf}tl/of x:tLbn zfx —cNdf]8f
**#_ g]kfnsf] s'g o'4df s;n] g]t[Tjf u/]sf] lyof]<
 h}yssf] o'4 —/0fhf]/ l;+x
 b]pynsf] o'4 —elQm yfkf
 cNdf]8fsf] o'4 —cd+/l;+x yfkf
 gfnfkflgsf] o'4 —ane|4 sFjf/
**$_ s'g lxdfnnfO{ s] gfdn] lrlgG5
 ;u/dfy —kGwf}F r'nL ,t];|f] w'|j
 dfR5fk'R5]« — s'df/L lxdfn
 uf}l/z+sf/ — kflye/f lxdfn
 cdfbAnd — n]l8h lks,6]lSgsn dfpG6]g
 dsfn' — hg' lxdfn
 sGrgh+ª\uf — g]kfn lks ,kfr r'nL
 wf}nflu/L — ;]tf] lxdfn ,5 r'nL
 h;Daf —kf;fª r'nL
**%_xfn ;Ddf stL hgf g]kfnLn] leS6f]l/of qm; kfPsf lyP<
 !# hgf
  k|yd ljZj o'4df — @ hgf ,s'nlj/ yfkf / s/0fjxfb'/
yfkf
 l4tLo ljZj o'4 — !)
 af]lgof] o'4 — ! /fdaxfb'/ lnDa'
**^_ ei6frf/ lj?b|sf] cGt/fli6«o lbj; slxn] dgfOG5
 l8;]Dj/ (
 ;g @))% b]lv dgfpgf ;'?jt
 g]kfnn] @)!! af6 ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg
 Recovery with Integrity
**&_/f]dg cªsx? n]Vgf slt cIf/x? k|of]u ul/G5
 I,V,X,L,C,D,M- 7
***_!* cf} Pl;ofnL v]n slxn] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof]
 ;g @)!* cu:6 !* — ;]K6]Dj/ @ OG8f]gf]l;of
 ;xeflu b]z —$%
 v]n — $)
 k|yd rLg,hfkg,b=sf]l/of,O08f]gf]l;of,pHh]ls:tfg
 g]kfn ## cf}F :yfgdf , ! /ht kbs k|fKtf u/]sf]
*()_ s'g glb ef/tdf k|j]z u/]kl5 s] gfdn] lrlgG5
  s0f{nL —3f3/
 dxfsfnL — ;f/bf
 sf]zL — bfdf]b/
 aaO{ — ;/o'
 d]rL — dxfgGb
*(!_ ;lt k|yfsf] s;n] cTo u/]sf lyP<
 rGb| zdz]/ lj; !(&&
 /f0fx?nfO{ A,B,C ju{df jlu{s/0f
 ldlnl6l/ c:ktfnsf] :ykgf
 g]kfnsf] gS;f 5kfPsf
 hgu0fgfsf] ;'?jt cflb
*(@_6fOd k;{g ckm lb Oo; @)@)
 cd]l/ls /fi6«klt hf] jfO8g / pk/fi6«klt sdnf x|ofl/;
 ;g @)!( sf] u|]6f ygju{
 ;g !(@& df :ykgf ePsf] xf]
*(#_xfn ;Ddf slt hgf JolQm /fli6«o ;efsf] cWoIf ePsf
5g
 # hgf
 a]gLaxfb'/ sfls{ lj; @)$*—@)%^
 df]xDb df]xl; lj; @)%^—@)%*
 u0f]z k|;fb ltlDnl;gf lj; @)&$— xfn;Ddf
*($_@)&$ sf] lgjf{rgdf slt bnnn] /fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt
kf6L{ ePsf] lyP<
 g]skf Pdfn]
 g]kfnL sªu|];
 dfcf]jfbL
 /fli6«o hgtf kfl6
 ;+ª3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d
gf]6 — /fli6«o kf6L{ x'gfsf] nflu k|ToIfdf ! l;6 /
;dfg'kfltsdf # k|lt;t Nofpg'kb{5
*(%_k|ltlglw ;ef @)&$ sf] :jtGqaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] pDd]/bf/
sf] x'g <
 5Ss axfb'/ nfdf h'Dnf
*(^_ s'g kj{t s'g dxfb]zdf kb{5
  sf/sf]/d /]Gh —Pl;of
 cfNk; kj{tdfn — o'/f]k
 h'/f —o'/f]k
 P6n;\ — clkm|sf
 cN6fO{ —Pl;of
 /sL — pt/ cd]l/sf
*(&_ clkm|sf dxfb]zsf] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] b]z s'g xf]<
 ;];]N;
 Pl;of — dflNb;
 o'/f]k — Eofl6sg l;l6
 ci6«]lnof — gfp/
 b cd]l/sf — l6«lgbfb
 p cd]l/sf —;]G6 ls8\; P08 g]lj;
*(*_ cd]l/sfsf] 6«Dk k|zf;gn] cd]l/sf slxn] hnjfo'
kl/j{tg ;DalGw k]l/; ;Dem}tfaf6 aflxl/g] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf]
 ;g @)!( gf]e]Da/ %
cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;g @)@) gf]e]Dj/ $ af6 aflxl/Psf] xf]
*((_ s'g of}lus s'g s'g tTjx? ldn]/f ag]sf x'G5g
kfgL —xfO8f]«hg / clS;hg
 lrlg — xfO8f]«hg , clS;hg / sfj{g
vfg] g'g — ;f]l8od / Snf]l/g
jfn'jf — l;lnsg / clS;hg
())_;g !((@ df ePsf] k[YjL ;Dd]ngn] kfl/b u/]sf] rf/ ljifox?
s] s] x'g <
h}ljs ljljBtf
Ph]08f— @!
df};d kl/jt{g
jg ;+/If0f

()!_ s'g Pl;ofnL v]n sxfF cfof]hgf x'b}F5

 klxnf] ;+:s/0f —;g !(%! ef/t
 !* cf}F — ;g @)!* O08f]gf]l;of
 !( cf}F —;g @)@@ rLg
 @) cf]F — ;g @)@^ hfkg
 @! cf}F — ;g @)#) stf/
 @@ cf}F — ;g @)#$ ;fpbL c/j
()@_ dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg @)@)
of] ;g @)!( sf] cj:yf xf]
 o'Pgl8kL n] ;fj{hlgs ug]{
 !*( b]z ;xefludf g]kfn !$@ -)=^)@ c+s _gDa/df
 ;g @)!* df g]kfn !$& :yfgdf
 lzif{ :yfgdf —
gj]{,cfo/Nof08,:jLh/Nof08,xªsª,cfO;Nof08
 ;fs{ /fi6«sf] l:ytL
 >Lnsf &@
 dflNb; (%
 e'6fg !@(
 ef/t !$!
 a+unfb]z !##
 kfls:tfg !%$
 ckmufg:yfg !^(
()#_ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+~rfng P]g @)&$ cg';f/ /fhkqdf
k|sfl;t ug'{kg]{ ;"rgfx? s'g s'g x'g <
!_ ufFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf] ;+Vof / l;dgf lgwf{/0f tyf
;f]sf] x]/kmf]/
@_ ufFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf] gfd tyf ;f]sf] x]/km]/
#_ ufFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf] j8f ;ªVof ,rf/lsNnf v'n]sf]
;Ldgf lgwf{/0f ;f] sf] x]/km]/
$_ ufFpkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf Ps cfk;df uflePsf]
%_ gu/kflnsf ,pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
3f]ifgf
()$_ lxGbs'z lxdfnodf kg]{ b]zx? s'g s'g x'g <
 g]kfn,ef/t,rLg,ckmufg:yfg,e'6fg,j+unfb]z,kfls:tfg
,Dofgdf/
()%_ e"dWo] /]vfn] sf6]/f hfg] b]zx? s'g s'g x'g <
 s]Gof,O08f]gf]l;of,sf]nlDjof,a|lhn,dflNb;,OSjf]8f]/,lsl
/jf6L,u]jg,;f]dflnof,u0ftGq s+uf=,k|hftGqLs u0ftGq
s+uf],o'uf08f,;fcf]6f]d P08 lk|G;]k
()^_ k|wfg dWofg /]vfdf kg]{ b]zx?
 a]nfot,a'lggf]kmf;f],:k]g,cNh]l/of,km|G;,dfln,3f6f,6f]uf]
 ()&_ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] s'g v08fsf] s;sf] ;xof]udf
lgdf0f{ ePsf] lyof]
 d]rL – 9Ns]a/ — ef/t
 9Ns]a/ — kyn}of — ;f]leot ;+3
 kyn}of — x]6f}8f — g]kfn ;/sf/
 x]6f}F8f — gf/fo0f3f6 —Pl8lj
 gf/fo0f3f6 — j'6jfn —a]nfot
 a'6jn — sf]xnk'/ — ef/t
()*_ljleGg k|b]zsf] If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df 7'nf] / ;fgf] lhNnf
k|b]z 7'nf] lhNnf ;fgf] lhNnf
k|b]z g+ ! tfKn]h'ª t]x|y'd
k|b]z g @ ;Kt/L dxf]t/L
afudtL k|b]z l;Gw'kfNrf]s eQmk'/
U08sL k|b]z Uff]/vf kj{t
k|b]z g % bfª gjfnl/;L klZrd
s0f{nL k|b]z 8f]Nkf ?s'd klZrd
;'b'/klZrd aemfª a}t8L

(!)_:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+~rfng P]g @)&$ , @)&$ c;f]h @( df

k|df0Ls/0f ePsf] xf] h; cg';f/ g]kfnsf] lhNnfsf] jlu{s/0f
 lxdfnL lhNnfx? —@!
 kxf8L lhNnfx—@*
 leqL dw]zsf lhNnfx? —&
  t/fO{sf lhNnfx? —!*
 sf7df08f} pkTosf —#
(!!_wfg,ds},ux",sfbf],hf} g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] k|d'v vfB aflnx? x'g
 pv',cfn',t]nxg,h'6,dx k|d'v gub]jfnL x'g
 d';'/f],e6df;,df;,c/x/,uf|k;L k|d'v bnxg jfln x'g
 cb'jf,a];f/,n;'g,v';f{gL cflb k|d'v d;nf afnLx? x'g

(!@_g]kfnn] cGt/fli6«o v]ns'bdf ;g !(%! df ef/tdf ePsf] k|yd

Pl;ofnL v]ns'baf6 ;xeflu hgfPsf] xf]
 g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 cGt/fli6«o ;xeflutfdf klxnf]kN6f kbs
lhTg] v]nf8L lhtaxfb'/ s]=l; x'g pgn] ;g !(&# df
klxnf] Pl;ofg 6«ofs P08 lkmN8 RoflDkogdf sf:o kbs
lht]sf lyP

 g]kfnnfO{ cGt/fli6«o k|ltof]lutfdf :j0f{ kbs lhtfpg]

v]nf8L a}s'08f dfgGw/ x'g ,pgn] k|yd blIf0f Pl;ofnL
v]ns'bdf Dof/fyg tkm{ klxnf] :j0f{ kbs lht]sf x'g
 g]kfnn] ;g !(^$ df hfkgsf] 6f]lsof cf]nlDks v]ndf
klxnf] kN6 cf]nlDks v]ndf ;xeflu hgfPsf] xf]
(!#_ ;ft dxfb]zsf 7'nf lxdglbx?
 Pl;of — l;ofr]g lxdglb
 clkm|sf — lslndGh/f] lxdgbL
 p cd]l/sf — xjf8{ lxdgbL
 b cd]l/sf —k]/L6f] lxdgbL
 cG6fs{l6sf —nfDj6{ lxdgbL
 o'/f]k — e6\gfhf]s'n lxdgbL
 ci6«]lnof — x8{ cfONof08 lxdgbL
(!$_ yf]d; cNjf Pl8;g
 j}1flgsx?sf klg j}1flgs
 cflj:sf/sf lktf
 cfkmgf] gfd cfkm} e'Ng] j}1flgs
 sl/j !)(# cflj:sf/
 ;f !()$ df ef}ltsz:q tkm{ gf]jn k'/:sf/
 ljw't jNj,k|f]h]S6/,u|fdf]kmf]g,6fOk/fO6/ cflbsf]
cflj:sf/
 x]nf] zAbsf] k|of]ustf{
(!%_ c?0f u|xsf] ljz]iftfx?
 xl/of] u|x
 ;f}o{d08nsf] t];|f] 7'nf] u|x
  klZrdaf6 ;"o{ pbfpg]
 c;kmn tf/f
 ljlnod xz]{nn] kTtf nufPsf
 j[x:ktLsf] xh'\a'jf
 l66fgL ;a}eGbf 7'nf] pku|x -@&_
(!^_ cGtl/If ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
 cGtl/Ifdf ofg k|If]k0f ug]{ b]z qmdz= ?;
,cd]l/sf,km|fG;,hfkg,rLg,ef/t cflb
 cGtl/Ifdf k'Ug] k|yd ko{6s 8]lg; l66f]
 cGtl/Ifdf k'Ug] klxnf] JolQm o'l/ uful/g
 cGtl/Ifdf lx8g] k|yd JolQm cn]S;L lnof]g]e
(!&_ s'g le6fldgsf] /f;folgs gfd s]
 A = /]l6gn
 B1 = yfoldg
 B2 = /fO{af]km\nf]lag
 B3 = lgol;g
 C = P:sflj{s Pl;8
 D = s}lN;km]/f]n
 E = 6f]sf]kmf]/f]n
  K = lkmnf]sljnf]g
(!*_ s'g j:t'df s] /f;folgs tTj kfOG5
 ;'tL{ — lgsf]l6g
 lrof — 6]lgg
 slkm — Soflkmg
 ;"o{d'lv km"n — clS;g
 a];f/ — s's'/ldg
 aif{sf] kflg — le6fldg lj !@
 /S;L — OyfO{n cSsf]xn
 b'w — s]lhg
 pv' — ;'s|f]h

(!(_
 ;a}eGbf xn'sf wft' — lnlyPd
 ;a}eGbf xn'sf Uof; – xfO8f]«hg
 ;a}eGbf s8f kbfy{ — xL/f
 kffgLsf] z'4 ?k — jif{sf] kfgL
 ;a}eGbf s8f wft' —Kn]l6gd
(@)_g]kfndf kfOg] Ct'x? s'g s'g x'g <
j;Gt Ct'— r}q ,j}zfs
u|Lid Ct' —h]i7 ,c;f/
jiff{ Ct' —;fpg ,ebf}F
z/b Ct' —c;f]h,sflt{s
x]dfGt Ct' —d+lz/,k';
lzlz/ Ct[—df3,kmfu'g
(@!_cfl:6«of]nf]hLn] s] ;DalGw cWofg ul/G5 x8\8Lsf]
cWofg
+;fO6f]nf]hL sf]lzsf sf] cWofg
kf]df]nf]hL kmnkm'nsf] cWofg
kLl;sNr/ dfR5f kfng
OSyLof]nf]hL dfR5fsf] cWofg
g]kfnsf] ;+;b slxn] slxn] lj36g eof]<
(@@_ g]kfndf ;+;b lj36g slxn] slxn] eof]
 !_ @)!& k'; ! ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf
 @_ @)%! c;f/ @^ ut] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
 #_ @)%@ dgdf]xg clwsf/L - @)%@ ebf}F !@ df
;j]{RRf cbfntn] cj}wflgs 7x/
 $_ @)%( h]i7 * z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf
 %_ @)&& d+l;/ % s]kL zdf{ cf]nL
(@#_ o'Pg8LkLn] ;g @)@) l8;]Da/df ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] dfgj
ljsf; ;"rs cg';f/ g]kfn ;fs{df slt cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5
^ cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5
 ljZjdf !$@ cf}F :yfgdf ,!*( b]z ;dfj]z
 >L+nsf,dflNb;,e'6fg,ef/t,a+ªunfb]z,g]kfn,kfls:tfg,
ckmufg:yfg
 g]kfnsf] cf}F;t cfo" —&)=* aif{
 ljBfno ljtfpg] ;do —!@=* aif{
 ul/aL hg;+Vofsf] lx:;f —#$
  /f]huf/ k|fKt hg;+Vofsf] lx:;f —*@=^
 s[lifdf cfwfl/t hg;+Vof —^% k|lt;t
 s'g /fli6«o cflDbflgsf] cfwf/df k|lQmJolQm cfDbfgL
#$%& 8n/ /x]sf] 5
(@$_g]kfnsf] s'g 7fpFnfO{ s] gfdn] lrlgG5
 g]kfnsf] d?e"dL — d':tfª
 g]kfnsf] agf/; —l/8L kfNkf
 g]kfnsf] tfhdxn —/fgLdxn kfNkf
 g]kfnsf] r]/fk'GhL —n'Dn] sf:sL
 g]kfnsf] l:jh\/Nof08 —lh/L bf]nvf
 g]kfnsf] slZd/ —h'Dnf
 g]kfnsf] dfpG6 km'hL —dgf:n'
(@%_ @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ kl/jf/n] pkof]u u/]sf
;fwg tyf ;|f]qx?
 /]l8of] —%)=*@ k|lt;t
 6]lnlehg —#^=$%
 s]jn 6]lnlehg —!(=##
 sDKo'6/ —&=@*
 OG6/g]6 —#=##
 ljh'nL —^&=@^
  df]jfOn kmf]g —^$=^#
(@^_ax/fogsf /fhs'df/ ;]v df]xDdb xdfb df]xDdb cn
vlnkmfn] g]kfnsf] s'g s'g lxdfn slxn] cf/f]xg ug'{ef]
 /fhs'df/ !* hgfsf] 6f]ln ;lxt @)&& ebf} #) df g]kfn
cfPsf
 klxnf cf/f]xg ul/Psf] lxdfn n'j'r] @)&& c;f]h !&
 bf];|f] cf/f]xg ul/Psf] lxdfn dgf:n' @)&& c;f]h @(
ljxfg ^+=#) ah]
 uf]/vf r'dg'a|L ufpkflnsf ! ;dfufpjf;Ln] :yfgLo
x';'/8fF8fnfO{ /f]on ax/fog lks elg gfds/0f ul/Psf]

(@&_stf/sf] /fhs'df/ z]v df]xdb ljg cAb'Nn]

cf/f]xg u/] cdfbAnd lxdfn
 g]kfn cfPsf — @)&& sflt{s $
 cf/f]xg ul/Psf] lxdfn cdfbAnd -^*!$ld_
 cf/f]xg @)&& sflt{s @^ ljxfg !! ah]/f @)
ldg]6 hfbf
(@*_@)^* ;fnsf] hgug0f cg';f/ ;a}eGbf sd
hg;+Vof /x]sf]
 s';'08f — @&#
 g'/fª — @&*
 /fp6] — ^!*
 snf/ — !)&&
 nf]x/fª— !!%#

(@(_s'g k|b]zsf] :yfoL /fhwfgL / gfd

k|b]z :yfoL /fhwfgL k|b]zsf] gfd gfd / /fhwfgL
tf]s]sf] ldlt
k|b]z % /fKtL pkTosf n'lDagL @)&& c;f]h @)
b]pv'/L
k|b]z X]6f}F8f,dsjfgk'/ afudtL @)&^ k'; @&
#
k|b]z $ kf]v/f Uf08sL @)&% c;f/ !*
/fhwfgL ,c;f/
@@ k|b]z gfd
k|b]z & Uf]fbfj/L ,s}nfnL ;"b'/klZrd @)&% c;f]h !@
k|b]z ^ jL/]Gb|gu/ ,;'v]{t s0f{nL @)&$ kmfu'g !@
k|b]z ! lj/f6gu/ — @)&^ a}iffs @#
/fhwfgL
k|b]z — – —
@

(#)_ ljZj vfB lbj;

 x/]s aif{ cS6f]j/ !^ df dgfOG5
;g @)@) df $) cf}F vfB lbj; dgfOof]

(#!_ ci6]«lnof dxfb]zsf] ljz]iftfx?

 kftfn s'jfsf] dxfb]z
 cfwf efu d?e'ld /x]sf]
 cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ Pjf]/f]lhlgh eg]/f lrlgG5
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf w]/} pmg pTkfbg
 sªuf?sf] /fHo
(#@_s]lx ef}uf]lns pkgfd / b]zsf] gfd
 cd/ zlxbx?sf] ;x/ — /f]d
 ;"of]{bosf] b]z — hfkg
 gx/x?sf] b]z — g]b/Nof08
 r6\ofªsf] b]z —e"6fg
  dlGb/x?sf] ;x/ —sf7df08f}F
 ;]tf] xfltsf] b]z — yfONof08
 n8fs'x?sf] b]z — g]kfn
(##_ ;a}eGbf nfdf] ;d'b|L lsgf/f /x]sf] b]z
 !_ Sofg8f
 @_ OG8f]gf]l;of
 #_ /l;of
 $_ lkmlnlkG;
 %_ hfkg
Sofg O08f] /l; lkmhf
(#$_ s'g lxdfnnfO{ s] gfdn] lrlgG5
 dgf:n' — lsn/ dfp6]G6
 wf}nflu/L — ;]tf] lxdfn
 dfR5fk'R5] — s'df/L lxdfn
 uf}/Lz+sf/ lxdfn — kflye/f lxdfn
 ;u/dfy — kGwf}F r'nL
 h;Daf lxdfn — kf;fª Nofd' lxdfn

(#%_ jftj/0f ;DalGw dxTjk'0f{ lbj;x?

  ljZj jf3 lbj; — h'nfO{ @(
 ljZj h}ljs ljljBtf lbj; —d] @@
 ljZj jftj/0f lbj; — h'g %
 ljZj kfgL lbj; —dfr{ @@
 ljZj hg;+Vof lbj; — h'nfO{ !!
 cf]hg tx ;+/If0f lbj; —;]K6]Dj/ !^
 ljZj jg lbj; — dfr{ @!
(#^_ Ol;df]8 – cGt/fli6«o Ps[lst kj{tLo ljsf; s]Gb|_ sf]
:ykgf slxn] ePsf]
 ;g !(*# l8;]Dj/ %
 k|wfg sfo{no – v'nd6f/, nlntk'/ g]kfn
 lxGb|s'; kj{lto If]qsf] * b]zx?
 ckmufg:yfg,kfls:tfg,ef/t,g]kfn ,rLg,e"6fg
,a+unfb]z,Dofgdf/
(#&_zlg u|xsf] ljz]iftfx?
 kx]Fnf] u|x
 3]/fo'Qm u|x
 kflgdf pqg] u|x
 cf}F;t 3gTjf ;a}eGbf sd ePsf]
 Uoflnlnof]n] kTtf nufPsf
  bf];|f] 7'nf] u|x
(#*_sd ;fIf/tf /x]sf] lhNnfx? @)^*
 /f}tx6 —$!=&
 ;nf{xL —$^=#
 dxf]t/L —$^=$
 x'Dnf —$&=*
 l;/xf – %)=@
(#(_g]kfnsf] dlxnf ;fIf/tf sd ePsf] lhNnfx?
 /f}Ftx6 —#@
 x'Dnf — ##
 dxf]t/L —#^=^
 ;nf{xL —#^=^
 d'u" —#^=(

($)__ 3f]lift ePsf] a}s tyf a}Fs ckm lb Oo/x?

 ;g @)!^ — g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}Fs
 ;g @)!& — PgPdla a}Fs
 ;f @)!* — PgPdla a}Fs
  ;g @)!( — d]uf a}Fs
 ;g @)@) — PgPdlj a}Fs
($!_g]kfndf ;fs{sf s'g s'g sfo{no /x]sf 5g<
;fs{ ;lrjfno
;fs{ Ifo/f]u tyf PrcfO{ leP8\; s]Gb|
;fs{ cfly{s ;+3sf] sfo{no
;fs{ cf}nf] /f]u pGd'ng s]Gb|
;fs{ ;efd'v tyf ;+;b ;+3sf] sfo{no
;fs{ lgjf{rg If]q sfo{no
($@_dbg k'/:sf/ @)&^ sf nflu 5gf]6
ePsf k':tsx?
 ofqfdf zf/bf zdf{
 df]xky nlnt lji6
 dxf/fgL rGb|k|sfz aflgofF
 hf]s/sf] aGb's ljdn lgef
 w;}{w;f{sf] rqmJo"x tLy{ >]i7
 kl/TofQm e'jg 9'Fufgf
 dxf/; lg3f06' v08 !—# of]uL wd{dxf/;

($#_cf=j @)&^.&& cg';f/ jfl0fHo a}Fssf] ;+Vof slt 5

 jfl0fHo j}Fs @&
ljsf; j}Fs @#
ljQ sDklg @@
nu'ljt ljlto ;+:yf *(
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}Fs !
($$_cf=j @)&^.&& cg';f/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf dWo] slt
k|lt;t dlxnf 5g <
k'?if — () k|lt;t
dlxnf — !) k|lt;t
bIf sfdbf/ — !=% k|lt;t
cw{bIf — @$
cbIf — &$=% k|lt;t

($%_ kf]v/f lk|ldo/ lnusf] ;'?jt slxn] ePsf] xf]<

 ;'?jt — ;g @)!*
 ;xefuL l6d ^
 ;g @)!* sf] ljh]tf — kf]v/f kN6\g
 ;f @)!( sf] ljh]tf — lrtjfg /fOgf]h
($^_;Ldf;DaGwL s]lx dxTjk'0f{ k':tssf n]vsx?
  a'l4gf/\fo0f >]i7 —g]kfnsf] l;dgf
 kmlbG4 g]kfn —g]kfn, l6i6fb]lv ;thn;Ddf
 lx/0onfn >]i7 —sfnfkfgL / sfnLsf] d'xfg
 /tg e08f/L —cltqmd0fsf] rk]6fdf lnlDkofw'/f
lnk'n]v

($&_ s'g lhjsf] s] ljz]iftf

 Pp6} k|l0fdf efn] / kf]ly b'j} cªu x'g] — u8\of}nf
 k]6df bft x'g] — u+u6f]
 ;a}eGbf w]/} cfvf x'g] — k'tln
 kv]6f gx'g] k+lIf — lsjL
 ;]tf] /ut x'g] — ;fªnf]
 lhj|f]af6 kl;gf lgsfNg] — s's'/
 vfgf vfPkl5 ?g] — uf]lx
($*_kmfOh/ jfof]PG6]s vf]knfO{ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] slxn]
cg'dlt lbPsf] xf]<
 ;g @)@) l8;]Dj/ #!
$$(_sf]df]8f] 8«ofug s] xf],
  of] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] 5]kf/f] xf] ,of] O08f]gf]l;ofdf
kfOG5 . of] ;g !(!@ df kTtf nfu]sf] xf] / of] #=& ld6/
;Ddf 7'nf] / !$) s]lh ;Ddf t}n x'G5
(%)_;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g @)@! nfO{ s'g jif{sf] ?kdf dgfpgf
3f]ifgf u/]sf] 5 <
 pkrf/fTds jif{
(%!_s] xf] j'6\Nof08 cfof]u
 ;g !(*# l8;]Dj/df gj]{sf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL u|f] xd]{n
j'6\Nof08sf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf] cfof]u xf] .
 o; cfof]un] cfkgf] k|ltj]bg ;g !(*& df j'emfPsf]
lyof]
 k|ltj]bgsf] gfd xfd|f] ;femf elj:o eGg] lyof]
 k|ltj]bgdf ul/jL lgjf/0f / lbuf] ljsf; Ps csf{df
cGof]Gofl>t elgPsf] 5

(%@_;lhn};+uf gi6 gx'g] Knfl:6snfO{ Biopol elgG5

(%#_/fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] kfnfdf ePsf k|wfgdGqLx?
 lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf
 ;'o{axfb'/ yfkf
 n]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb|
  z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf

(%$_k[YjLsf nflu cfj:os kg]{ ;f}o{ tfkqmddf sld eO{

k[YjLsf] tfkqmd 36L dfgj j;f]jf;sf nflu cg"s'n gx'g] u/L
k[YjL clt lr;f] x'g] cj:ynfO{ Go"lSno/ pG6\/ elgG5

(%%_;d'Gb|df kfgLsf] k|jfxdf c:jfefljs ?kdf tfkqmd a9g]

,cltj[li6,cgfj[li6,af9L klx/f] cflb sf/0fn] hnjfo' c:jefljs
ag]sf] cj:ynfO{ Pn lgnf] elgG5
(%^_;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] $) 8]l;dnsf] cfjhaf6 x'g] jftj/l0fo
c;/nfO{ zfGt dfg]sf] 5

(%&_xfldx?n] k[YjLsf] jftj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ klxnf] Wofg

k'/\of{pg'k5{ clg c? sfd ug'{k5{ egL cd]/LsL o'jfx?4f/f
;+~rfng ul/Psf] cfGbf]nfgnfO{ cy{ km:6 gfd lbOPsf] lyof]

(%*_k|b'lift jftj/0fjf6 dfgj hfltnfO{ jrfpg hf]8 lbOPsf]

x]u 3f]ifgf !! dfr{ ,;g !(*( df g]b/Nof08df x]u ;x/df
ePsf] lyof]

(^)_ UNO sf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf ;kmn c+u s'g xf]<

 lhDdf hdfgL kl/ifb
 of] c+ªu ;g !(($ b]lv lg:s[o /x]sf] 5
(^!_ s'g v]n v]Ng] 7fpnfO{ s] elgG5 <
 km'6jn — u|p08
 af:s]6 an — sf]6{
 al;ª — l/ª\u
 a];an — 8fod08
 6]an 6]lg; — af]8{
 3f]8f bf}8{ — /]; sf];{

(^@_ s'g v]ndf slt v]nfl8

 l6d x\of08an —$
 cfO; xls — ^
 j6/ kf]nf] g]6jn — &
 sa8\l8 — &
 cfO; xls —^
 vf]vf] — (
 kf]nf] — $

(^#_ cf7f}F /fli6«o v]ns'b ljz]if

 v]n ;'? — @)&% r}q @&
  pb3f6g —@)&^ j}iffs % /fi6«klt af6
 d:s6,nf]uf] / lut ;fj{hlgs —@)&$ kmfu'g *
 d:s6 — xfltsf] 5fjf
 nf]uf] / d:s6 l8hfOg/ — ;Gtf]if lji6
 ;dfj]z v]n — #%
 ;xeflu l6d — !!
 ;a}eGbf w]/} :j0f{ kbs lhTg] — g]kfnL ;]gf sd
s0f{nL k|b]z
(^$_;u/dfy c/f]xg ug]{ k|yd % dlxnfx?
!_ h'Gsf] tfj]O — ;g !(&% d] !^ hfkg
@_ s'df/L kmfGtf]ª – ;g !(&% d] @& rLg
#_jf08f?lsljh — ;g !(&* cS6f]j/ !^ kf]Nof08
$_x]lgnf]/ l:dh – ;g !(&( cS6f]j/ @
%_a]r]Gb|L kfn — ;g !(*$ dfO{ @#
(^%_ sf]kf]ld; s] xf]<
 g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgsf
nflu ;+~rfngdf NofPsf] cgnfOg ;km\6j]onfO{
sf]kf]ld; elgG5
 of] cgnfOg g]kfndf lj; @))$ df cfPsf] xf]<
(^^_ Pl;ofaf6 zflGtsf gf]jn zflGt k'/:sf/ kfpg] k|yd
JolQm sf] x'g <
 nL 8s yf] leotgfd – c:jLsf/ u/]sf]
 O;fs' ;ftf] hfkg
 d]gfr]d j]luª
 db/ 6]/];f
 bdfO{ nfdf
(^&_/fli6«o ;efdf slt hgf dlxnf ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf /x]sf]
5
 @@ k|To]s k|b]zaf6 #.# hgf / /fi6«kltaf6 dgf]lgt !
hgf
(^*_ /fli6«o ;efdf s'n slt hgf blnt ;b:o /xg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5
 & hgf ,k|To]s k|b]zaf6 !.! hgf
(^(_ gful/ssf] st{Jo wf/f slt df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
 wf/f $* $
 /fi6«k|lt lgi7jfg x'b} g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,;fj{ef}d;tf /
cv08fsf] /Iff ug'{
 ;+ljBfg / sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'{
 /fHon] rfx]sf] jvt clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{
 ;fj{hlgs ;Dkfltsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug'
(&)_ kfOn6 hguggf eg]sf] s] xf]<
 k|To]s JolQm ,kfl/jfl/s cfly{s ,;fdflhs
kIf,JolQmsf] gfd y/,lnªu ,pd]/,ju{,hflt,dft[efif,bf];|f]
efiff,wd{,ck+ªutf,lzIff ,j;fO;/fO,k|hgg nufPtsf
kIfdf ul/g] u0fgfnfO{ kfOn6 hg0fggf elgG5

(&!_ufFhf xflgsf/s nfu"cf}ifw sf] ;"lrjf6 x6]sf] 5

 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo nfu"cf}ifw ;DaGwL cfof]u –o"Pgl;Pg8L_
n] ufFhfnfO{ xflgsf/s nfu"cf}ifwLsf] ;"lraf6 x6fPsf] xf]
 ;g @)@) l8;]Da/ @ df ePsf] dbtfgdf x6fpg] kIfdf
dt lyof]
 dtbfgdf cfa4 %# ;b:o /fi6«dWo] @& n] x6fpg] kIfdf
dtbfg u/]sf lyP / g]kfnn] klg x6fpg] kIfdf dtbfg.
u/]sf] lyof]
(&@_ _ _xfn ;Ddf slt hgf dlxnfn] dbg k'/:sf/ lht]sf 5g
<
 $ hgf
  kfl/hft-lzl/;sf] km'n_ @)@@
 emds s'df/L l3ld/] –lhjg sf8f ls k'mn @)^&
 /fwf kf}8]n – vnªu\df xdnf @)&)
 lgnd sfsL{ of]udfof @)&$
(&#_;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"lr slt j6f /x]sf] 5<
 #% j6f
 k|b]zsf] @! j6f
 ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf @% j6f
 :yfgLo @@ j6f
 ;+3,k|b]z, :yfgLo ;femf —!% j6f
(&$_lbuf] ljsf; Ph]08fsf k|yldstfsf If]qx?
 hgtf
 k[YjL
 ;d[l4
 zflGt
 ;fem]bf/L
(&%_;f]n'v'Dj'sf] sfnfkTy/df s;sf] g]t[Tjdf
dGqLkl/ifbsf] a]F7s a;]sf] lyof]
 tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL dfwa s'df/ g]kfnsf]
  lj; @)^^ d+l;/ !( df
 ;f]n'v'Dj'sf] sfnfkTy/df - %%$@ ld
prfO{
 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ jf/] ljZjnfO{
Wofgsif{g ug]{

(&^_dGqLkl/ifbsf] a}F7fs kfgL d'lg
 dflNb;df
 ;g @))( cS6f]j/ !^
 hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ jf/] ljZjnfO{
Wofgsif{g ug]{

(&&_xl/tu[xdf k|efj kg]{ Uof;sf] lx:;f

 sfj{08fOcS;fO8 —%& k|ltzt
 Snf]/f]Knf]/f] sfj{g — @% k|lt;t
 ldy]g — !@ k|lt;t
 gfO6«; cS;fO8 — ^ k|lt;t
(&*_xl/tu[x Uof; pT;h{gsf sf/0fx?
 k|b'if0f / kmf]xf/d}nf — @=* k|lt;t
 phf{ cfk"lt{ — @%=%
 oftoftsf ;fwg — !#=! k|lt;t
 cfjl;o tyf Jofkl/s ejg —&=( k|lt;t
 pBf]u — !(=$ k|lt;t
 s[lif — !#=$
jg ljgf; — !&=$ k|lt;
(&(_/fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] kfnfdf ePsf k|wfgdGqLx?
 lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnf
 ;'o{axfb'/ yfkf
 n]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb|
 z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf
(*)_z"o{ u|x0f
 z"o{u|x0f cf}l;sf] lbgdf dfq nfUb5 eg] z"o{
u|x0f nfUbf z"o{sf] klZrdL efu af6 ;'? u5{
,cf};Lsf] lbg hjf k[YjL / z"o{sf] ljrdf rGb|df
 kb{5 To;a]nf z"o{sf] k|sf; rGb|dfn] 5]Sb|5
To;nfO{ z"o{ u|x0f elgG5
(*!_rGb| u|x0f
 k"l0f{dfsf] /ftfdf z"o{ / rGb|dfsf] ljrdf hjf
k[YjL kb{5 To; cj:yfnfO{ rGb|u|x0f rGb|
u|x0f elgG5 o;df z"o{sf] k|sf; k[YjLn] 5]Sbf
rGb|df ;Ddf k'Ub}gf ,rGb|u|x0f k"lj{ efuaf6
nfUgf ;'? ub{5

(*@_ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 klxnf] cGt/fli6«o uf]n ug]{ JolQm

sf] x'g <
 jfOaL 3n] – odaxfb'/ 3n] – s'j]t lj?b|
 dlxnf — k]df 8f]Ndf nfdf –lkmlnlkG; lj?b|
(*#_ ;fg} 5' a9\gf b]pm, afnljjxf xf]Og k9gf b]pm s'g
k|b]zsf] cleofg x'g
 ;"b'/lkZrd
(*$_O/f6]:y]lghsf] of]ubfgx?
 k[YjLsf] k|yd a}1flgs gS;f
 clws aif{sf] cawf/0f
 k[YjLsf] kl/wL kTtf nufpg'
 z'o{ / k[YjL ljrsf] b'/L
 k[YjLsf] sIfsf] e'msfO kTtf nufP
(*%_clkm|sf dxfb]z
 cWofF/f] jf sfnf] dxfb]z,
 e'dWo] /]vfn] ljrdf sf6]sf] dxfb]z
 pRr ;d:ynLsf] dxfb]z
 eflif{s ljljBtfsf] dxfb]z
 gfOn glbsf] pbud:yn leS6f]l/of tfn
 ;+;f/sf] lrl8ofvfg cflb gfdn] lrlgg] dxfb]z
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;x/f d?e'ld ePsf] dxfb]z

(*^_g]kfnsf] h:tf] gS;f ePsf] lhNnf , afUn'ª

 g]kfnsf] h:tf] gS;f ePsf] b]z , kf]r'{un
  pt/ lxdfnob]lv blIf0f dxfef/t;Ddf km}lnPsf]
lhNnf , wflbª
 pt/ lxdfnb]lv blIf0f r'/] If]q;Ddf km}lnPsf] lhNnf ,
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
 ef/t h:t} :j?k ePsf] lhNnf ;+v'jf;ef

(**_jL/ zdz]/
lj; !($@ b]vL !(%& ;Ddf
cfkmgf sfsf /0f]4Lk l;+xsf] xTof u/]/f k|wfgdFqL ePsf
of]ubfgx?
 g]kfndf df]6/ r9\g] klxnf] AolQm
 306f3/,jL/ c:ktfn,gf/fo0flx6L b/jf/sf] lgdf0f{
 gfdsf] k5f8L ha/f n]Vgf ;'?
 b/jf/ :s'ndf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 5f]/f5f]/L k9\gf kfpg] Aoa:yf
 dlxnf lzIffsf] ;'?jt

(*(_ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu dgfOb} cfPsf] aif{x?

 g]kfn e|d0f aif{ !((*
 uGtJo g]kfn aif{ @))@.)#
 g]kfn ko{6g aif{ @)!!
  n'lDagL e|d0f{ aif{ @)!@
 cfGtl/s w'dlkm/ aif{ @)&#
 g]kfn e|d0f jif{ @)@) - :yflut

(()_;fs{ cjf8{
/fzL @% xhf/ cd]/LsL 8n/ / :j0f{ kbs
;fs{ cjf8{sf] 3f]ifgf ;g !((^
;fs{ cjf8{ kfpg] klxnf] JolQm lhofp/ /xdfg ;g @))%
gf]e]Da/ !@ df a+unfb]zsf] 9fsfdf !# cf}F lzv/
;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf

((!_a]nfot Oo'af6 aflx/Lof]

 a]nfot ;g !(&# hgfj/L !df hgfdt ;+u|xaf6
Oo'df k|j]z u/]sf] lyof]
 a]nfot ;g @)!^ h'g @# df aflxl/g] jf ;+3df
g} a:g] eGg] ljifodf hgfdt ;+ux ePsf] lyof h;df
%!=( aflxl/g] eGg] kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf lyP<
  a]nfot ;g @)@) hgfj/L #! Df cf}krf/Ls
?kdf aflxl/Psf] 5 o; lbgnfO a]nfotn] BREXIT
day sf] ?kdf dgfPsf] 5
((@__ xfn;Ddf g]kfndf slt j6f nufgL ;Dd]ng ePsf] 5
 # j6f @)$(,@)&#,@)&%
((#_ g]kfndf xfltkf]nf] k|ltof]lutfsf] ;'?jt slxn]b]lv ePsf]
xf]<
 ;g !(*@
(($_ The Father of Water eg]/f lrlgg] glb s'g xf]<
 ldl;l;lk
((%_hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 7'nf /\ ;fgf :yfgLo tx
 7'nf] sf7df08f}F dxgfu/kflnsf
 ;fgf] jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsf
pkdxfgu/kflnsf
 7'nf] hgsk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf
 ;fgf] hLtk'/ —l;d/f
gu/kflnsf
 7'nf] d]rLgu/ gu/kflnsf
 ;fgf] 7'nL e]/L gu/kflnsf
ufpFkflnsf
 7'nf] /fKtL;f]gf/L
 ;fgf] gfkm"{ ufpFkflnsf
((^_ cd]l/sfsf] 6«Dk k|zf;gn] cd]l/sf slxn] hnjfo'
kl/j{tg ;DalGw k]l/; ;Dem}tfaf6 aflxl/g] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf]
 ;g @)!( gf]e]Da/ %
 cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;g @)@) gf]e]Dj/ $ af6 aflxl/Psf] xf]
((&_ nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ x:tsnf gu/ 3f]ifgf slxn]
ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)&% sflt{s @*
((*_ /fgLkf]vl/sf] k"g —lgdf0f{ kl5 slxn] pb\3f6g ul/Psf]
xf]<
 @)&& sflt{s %
(((_ g]kfndf ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx slxn]af6 dgfpgf yflnPsf]
xf]<
 @)%^

!)))_g]kfnsf] sf] zflGt If]q k|Ztfj

/fhf lj/]Gb|n] g]kfnnnfO{ lj; @)#! kmfu'g !# ;g !(&%
km|]j'cl/ @% df zflGt If]q 3f]ifgf ul/of]; eGg] k|:tfj k]z
u/]sf lyP
rLg ,kfls:tfgn] tTsfn ;dy{g hgfPsf lyP eg]
p sf]/Lof ;g !(&% cu:6 !
b sf]/Lof ;g !(&% cu:6 &
a+unfb]z ;g !(&& l8;]Da/ !(
/ kl5Nnf] /fi6« cfo/Nof08n] ;g !(() dfr{ !* df ;d{yg
hgfPsf] lyof] ef/tn] ;d{yg hgfPsf] 5}gf . ;fs{ /fi6«df
;d{yg ghgfpg] /fi6« ef/t xf]

!))!_ ;g @)@! cg';f/ zlQmzfnL kf;kf]6{sf] ;'lrdf

g]kfn slt cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5
 !)$ cf}F :yfgdf
 x]GnL kf;kf]6{ O08]S; @)@! cg';f/
 klxnf] b]lv qmdz hfkg,l;+xk'/,blIf0f sf]/Lof,
hd{g
  !!) clGtd :yfgdf ckmufg:yfg

!))$_hf]lvddf /x]sf] ;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ s0f{nL k|b]zn]

;+~rfngdf NofPsf] qmfo{qmdnfO{ s] elgG5 <
cfdf 3/
!))%_s]lx lrlr{t k':tsf n]vs
 ;]tf] ;+;f/ –vu]Gb| ;+uf}Fnf
 cfwf h'g – emns ;'j]bL
 qf;df O{Zj; –7fs'/ a]nfaf;]
 x/fosf] /fxfbfgL –o'jf/fh gof3/]

!))^_ b Dofg a's/ k'/:sf/ / b Dofg a's/

OG6/g];gn k'/:sf/
 _b Dofg a's/ k'/:sf/ b Dofg a's/
OG6/g];\gn
 :yfkgf ;g !(^( ;g @))$ k|bfg @))%
 slt ;do x/]s aif{ x/]s aif{
 k|bfg ug]{ Dofg u'|k Dofg u'|k
 /flz %) xhf/ kfp08 %) xhf/ kfp08
 s;nfO{ lbOG5 c+u|]lh efiffsf] s[lt ;a} efiff

!))&_af}4 wd{sf] d'Vo ljxf/x?

 :joDa' g]kfn
 ljqmdlznf ef/t
 tIflznf kfls:tfg
 tfd|flznf >L+nsf
 :j0f{lznf yfONof08
 lqlk6s ltAat
!))(_af}4 wd{sf] kfFr /u+sf] cy{
lgnf] a'4sf] zl//
/ftf] a'4sf] /ut
;]tf] a'4sf] bft
sn]hL a'4sf] cGt/:s/0f
kx]Fnf] a'4sf] cl:t/wft'
!))*_;Ktu08sLsf] ;fxos glb – k'j{ af6 klZrd _
lqj''4 ddf;]sf
 lq , lqz'nL
 j' j'9L u08sL
 b b/f}bL
 d d:of{ªbL
 ;] ;]tL
 Sf sfnLu08sL
!))(_cUnf] :yfg
 lxdfno If]qsf] cUnf] kj{t — ;u/dfy ;f]n'v'Da'
  dxfef/t kj{tsf] cUnf] kj{t—z}n'ª ,bf]nvf
 r'/]kj{tsf] cUnf] kj{t — ufjf{ ,s}nfnL
!)!)_k|j]z4f/x?
 ;u/dfysf] k|j]z4f/ — gfDr] jhf/ ,;f]n'v'Da,
 g]kfnsf] k|j]z4f/f — jL/uGh,k;f{
 s0f+{nLsf] k|j]4f/ —jL/]Gb|gu/ ,;'v]{t

!)!!_k|b]zn] 5'g] b]z

 rLgnfO{ 5'g] k|b]z — % j6f
 ef/tnfO{ 5'g] k|b]z — ^ j6f
 rLg / ef/t b'j}nfO{ 5'g] k|b]z—$
- k|b]z !,jfudtL,u08sL,;"b'/klZrd
 rLgnfO{ dfq 5'g] — ! s0fnL
 ef/tnfO{ dfq 5'g]—k|b]z @,%
 rLg / ef/t Ps} ;fy g5'g] k|b]z —# j6f,
- s0f{nL k|b]z,k|b]z g @ ,k|b]z g %_

!)!@_ s'g hflt s'g :yfgaf6 cfPsf

 lnR5jL —ef/tsf] j}zfnL
 xfo' — n+sf
lzv — k~hfj
;tf/ — emf/v08fsf] b'Dsf
s'dfn — u9jfnsf] s'dfn
!)!#_ u}/ cfjfl;o g]kfnL ;+3sf] :ykgf slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 ;g @))# cS6f]a/ !!
 g]kfndf k|jf;L g]kfnLx?sf] nufgL a9fpg] pb]Zon]
 klxnf] cWoIf — pk]Gb| dxtf]
 xfnsf] cWoIf — s'df/ kGt
!)!$_g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] wf/f @(@ cg';f/ ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{
ug'{ kg]{ kbx?
 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmf/L;df lgo'Qm x'g]
k|wfgGofwL;
 ;j]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwL;
 Gofo kl/ifbsf] ;b:o
 ;+a}wflgs lgsfosf] k|d'v jf kbflwsf/L
 /fhb'tx?
!)!%_nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k|lts lrGXdf pNn]lvt gf/f —
of]Uotf,lgikIftf,:jR5tf
 !)!^_a]nfotL ;]gfaf6 u8{ ckm cg/ ;Ddfg kfpg] g]kfnL —
t'n axfb'/ k'g
!)!&_ dlxnfnfO{ dtflwsf/ lbg] klxnf] /fi6« Go'lhNof08 xf]
eg] xfn ;Ddfsf] clGtd /fi6« ;fpbL c/j
!)!*_g]kfnaf6 gf]jn zflGt k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;km/L; ePsf]
JolQm lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
!)!(_g]kfnsf] gful/tf kfpg] klxnf] s';'08f /fhfdfdf x'g, .
pgn] la; @)^# c;f/ #) ut] gful/tf k|fKtf ug]{
!)@)_ g]kfnsf] klxnf] d'VodGqL 8f]/d0fL kf}8]n – k|b]z g #
x'g
!)@!_g]kfndf cf/f]xgsf nflu v'Nnf u/]sf] lxdfn $!% j6f
/x]sf] 5g
!)@@_ &_;+ljBfg ;efjf6 ;+ljBfg hfl/ ug]{ klxnf]
/fi6« km|fG; xf] eg] g]kfn $$ cf}F /fi6« xf] / $# cf]F
/fi6« 6\ol' gl;of xf]
!)@#/fhf lj/]Gb|n] k]; u/]sf] g]kfnnfO{ zflGt |If]q 3f]ifgf
ul/of]; eGg] k|:tfj ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] %
/fi6«dWo] s'g /fi6«n] ;dy{g hgfPsf] lyPg
 ?;
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lxdglbn]] cfkmgf] dfu{df /x]sf r6\6fg pSsfpbf aGg] 7'n
7'nf vfN8fnfO{ lxd;fu/ elgG5
lxdglbn] aufP/f NofPsf] df6f] ,afn'jf,9'ªuf,emf/kft cflb
kbfy{nfO{ lxdf]9 elgG5
lxdf]9 y'lk|P/f ag]sf] l9:sf]nfO{ P:sf/ elgG5
!)@%_;fs{ If]qLo s]Gb|x?
 ;fs{ s[ifL ;'rgf s]Gb| 9fsf a+unfb]z !(**
 ;fs{ Ifo/f]u tyf PrcfOeL P8; s]Gb| sf7df08f}F g]kfn
!((@
 ;fs{ phf{ s]Gb| O:nfdjfb kfls:tfg @))^
 ;fs{ ;+:s[lts s]Gb| sf]nDaf] >L+nsf @))(
 ;fs{ jfta/0f tyfk|sf]k Aoa:yfkg s]Gb+| gofF lbNnL ef/t
@)!$

!)@^_ s'g lxdfn s'g lhNnfdf kb{5 <

 zflGt lzv/ — ;f]n'v'Dj'
 e}/j 6fs'/ —l;Gw'kfNrf]s
  r08L lxdfn — x'Dnf
 sfGtL lxdfn —d'u'
 ofnf lxdfn — /;'jf
!)@&_g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df dNn/fhfx?dWo] ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL
sf] lyP<
 k|tfk dNn
 ;]tf] dlR5Gb|gfysf] hfqf rnfPsf
,blIf0fsfln,xg'dfg9f]sf / /fgLkf]v/Lsf] lgdf0f{ u/]sf lyP
!)@*_ s'g tfn s'g lhNndf kb{5 <
 lj/]Gb| tfn — uf]/vf
 d'h'/f tfn — lrtjfg
 /fgL tfn — s~rgk'/
 vKtf8 tfn — 8f]6L
 ?b| tfn — afUn'ª
!)@(_s;sf] jxfg sf] —
 nIdL — nf6f]sf;]/f]
 s'df/ — do"/
 b'uf{ — l;+x
 ;/:jftL — xfF;
  od'gf — s5'jf
 u+uf — uf]xL
!)#)_ k~r]afhf cGt/ut s'g s'g afhf kb{5g <
 bdfx,;xgfO{,6\ofDsf],em\ofnL,g/l;x
!)#!_vfgfdf /;folgs agf]6sf] cfwf/df jlu{s/0f
 sfaf]{xfO8]8 — zlQmsf] ;|f]t
 k|f]l6g — zlQm k|bfg
 vlgh tTjf —x8\8L alnof] agfpg]
 le6fdLg — /f]u;+uf n8g] zlQm
!)#@_ k|b]z g+ ! df kg]{ lhNnfx?
;'q— t]O; ah] cf]emfnfO{ ;'tfp / sk8f vf]ln df];f]
wkfp ef]
 t]x|y'd,Onfd,;+v'jf;ef,cf]vn9'ªuf,emfkf,;'g;
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ok'/ ,ef]hk'/
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;l; af / d ;u} k;n u/f}n F f wg]
 ;nfxL,l;/fxf,af/f
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!)#$_s'g Nxf];f/ s;n] dgfpG5g

 td' Nxf];f/ — u'?ª
 UofNkf] Nxf];f/ —z]kf{ ;d'bfo
 ;f]gfd Nxf];f/ —tdfª ;d'bfo
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& b]lv ePsf] lyof] / !)( If]qdWo] &$ sfu|];n] lht]sf] lyof]
!)#^_@)!^ h]i7 !# df ljlk sf]O/fnf g]kfnsf] klxnf]
hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdFGqL eP .s[i0f k|;fb e6\/fO{ klxnf] ;efd'v
tyf klxnf] cfd lgjf{rgdf ljho x'g] dlxnf 4l/sfb]lj 7s'/fgL
x'g
!)#&_/fhf dx]Gb|n] aLlk sf]O/fnfnfO @)!& k'; ! df ckb:t
ul/ k\'; @@ af6 k~rfolt zf;g ;'? u/] / /fhf dx]Gb|sf]
cWoIftfdf dGqLd08n u7g eof] k~rfolt Joj:yfsf] klxnf]
k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf x'g eg] clGtd nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb|
x'g –k~rfolt Joj:yf k'; @@ ,@)!&—r}q @)$^
!)#*_ k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf]lnn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf]
&% cf}F dxf;efdf slxn] ;Daf]wg ug'[eof] <
 @)@) ;]K6]Da/ @%
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 cui6 *
 o'g]:sf]sf] kxndf ;g !(^& af6 dgfpgf
yflnPsf]
 ;g @)@) df %$ cf}F ;fIf/tf lbj; dgfOof]
 lj; @)&^ nfO{ ;fIf/ g]kfn aif{sf] ?kdf 3f]ifgf
ul/Psf]
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ePsf] 5 <
 !^* b]z
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 !^^ — O:jfltgL —@)!( d] (
!)$!_ ;g @)@) df dgfPsf] ljZj jftj/0f lbj;sf]
cfb{z jfSo s] /x]sf] 5
 Time for Nature
 Host Countery —Colombia
 2019 — Beat air pollution —China
 2018 — Beat plastic Pollution – India
 x/]s aif{ h'g % df of] lbj; dgfOG5
 ;g @)@) sf] gf/f — Bio Diversity
 g]kfnsf] /fli6«o gf/f ;'/lIft lhjgsf nflu h}ljs
ljljBtf
 ;g !(&$ af6 dgfpgf yflnPsf]

!)$@_ k[YjLsf nflu cfj:os kg]{ ;f}o{ tfkqmddf sld

eO{ k[YjLsf] tfkqmd 36L dfgj j;f]jf;sf nflu cg"s'n
gx'g] u/L k[YjL clt lr;f] x'g] cj:ynfO{ Go"lSno/ pG6\/
elgG5
!)$#_;d'Gb|df kfgLsf] k|jfxdf c:jfefljs ?kdf tfkqmd
a9g] ,cltj[li6,cgfj[li6,af9L klx/f] cflb sf/0fn] hnjfo'
c:jefljs ag]sf] cj:ynfO{ Pn lgnf] elgG5

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] $) 8]l;dnsf] cfjhaf6 x'g] jftj/l0fo

c;/nfO{ zfGt dfg]sf] 5
!)$$_xfldx?n] k[YjLsf] jftj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ klxnf] Wofg
k'/\of{pg'k5{ clg c? sfd ug'{k5{ egL cd]/LsL o'jfx?4f/f
;+~rfng ul/Psf] cfGbf]nfgnfO{ cy{ km:6 gfd lbOPsf]
lyof]
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 /fd]5fk,wflbª,/;'jf,dsjfgk'/,l;Gw'nL,bf]nvf,e
Qmk'/,sf7df08f}F,g'jfsf]6,lrtjfg,nlntk'/,l;Gw'kfN
rf]s,sfe|f]knfGrf]s
k|b]z $ —uf]kn / dt :ofd'sf Dofg af
 uf]/vf,kj{t,ndh'ª,dgfª,tgx'F,:ofªhf,d':tfª,
sf:sL,DofUbL,gjfnk/fl;,afUn'ª
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 /fd]5fk,wflbª,/;'jf,dsjfgk'/,l;Gw'nL,bf]nvf,eQm
k'/,sf7df08f}F,g'jfsf]6,lrtjfg,nlntk'/,l;Gw'kfNrf]s,sf
e|f]knfGrf]s
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 c7f/f k'/fg dWo] ;a}eGbf sfG5f] k'/fg cUgL
k'/fg xf]
 snfsf] lx;fjdf sf7df08f} v'Nnf ;+ufno dflgG5
 af}4sf] rf/ :t'k rf?dltn] agfPsf]
!)(^_ k|b]z cg';f/ :yfgLo tx
k|b]z ufpFkflnsf g=kf pk=dfgkf d=gkf hDdf
! ** $^ @ ! !#&
@ %( &# # ! !#^
jfudtL &$ $! ! # !!(
Uf08sL %* @^ ) ! *%
n'DjLgL &# #@ $ ) !)(
s0f{nL %$ @% ) ) &(
;"b'/klZrd %$ ## ! ) **
hDdf $^) @&^ !! ^ &%#
!)(&_ s'g k|b]zdf slt lgjf{r0f If]q
k|b]z g= k|ltlglw ;ef k|b]z ;ef
! @* %^
@ #@ ^$
JffudtL ## ^^
u08sL !* #^
n'lDjgL @^ %@
s0f{nL !@ @$
;"b'/klZrd !^ #@
hDdf !^% #@)

!)(*_ cGtl/Ifdf k|j]z ug]{ k|yd % /fi6«

 ?; —;g !(%& cS6f]j/ $
 cd]l/sf –;g !(%* hgfj/L #!
 km|fG; –!(^% gf]e]Dj/ @^
 hfkg —!(&) km]j'cl/
 rLg —!(&)
 ef/t —!(&% clk|n !(
!)((_s'g j}1flgssf] hGd s'g b]zdf ePsf]
 cfls{ldl8h —l;l;nf ,lu|;
 Uoflnnof] Uoflnln —lk;f O6fnL
 ;/ cfOHofs Go'6g — a]nfot
 dfOsn km/f8] — glju+6g a]nfot
 n'O{ kfZr/ — km|fG;
 Dof8d So'/L —af;f{ ,kf]Nof08
!!))_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ko{j]Ifs /fi6«x?
 xf]lnl; / :6]6 ckm Kofn]:6fOg
 cfl;ofgsf] ko{j]Ifs /fi6« ,kk'jf Go'lugL / k"jL{
l6df]/
!!)!_ s]lx ;x/ tyf b]zsf] ef}uf]lns pkgfd
 lxGb| dxf;fu/sf] tf/f — df}l/;;
 lxGb| dxf;fu/sf] df]lt — >L+nsf
 Pl;ofsf] lj/fld — lkmlnlkG;
 o'/f]ksf] lj/fld — 6sL{
 clkm|sfsf] d'6' — a'?08L
 clkm|sfsf] d[t d'6[ —rf8
  uugr'DjL ;x/ —Go'of]s{ cd]l/sf
!!)@/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfpgl;ndf g]kfn k'0f{
lgjf{lrt
 ;g @)@) cS6f]a/ !#
 g]kfnn] !%) e]6 k|fKt u/]sf]
 o;clw ;g @)!* b]lv @)@) ;Ddfsf] nflu g]kfn
lgjf{lrt ePsf] lyof]
!!)#_tf/fx?sf] cfkmgf] tfk / k|sfz x'G5 t/f u|xsf]
x'b}gf . z"o{ klg Pp6f tf/f xf] h'g k[YjLaf6 ;a}eGbf
glhs /x]sf] 5
 k[YjLaf6 z"o{kl5sf] glhssf] tf/f k|f]lS;df ;]G6'cl/ xf]
 ;a}eGbf rlDsnf] tf/f Sirius xf] o;nfO{ 8u :6f/
klg elgG5 – z"o{ afx]s _ eg] bf];|f] ;a}eGbf rlDsnf]
tf/f Sofgf]k; xf]
 Ol/; s] xf] —% hgfj/L @))% df vf]h ul/Psf]
o;nfO{ cfOPo" n] ;]K6]Dj/ !# ;g @))^ df k'8\s]
u|xsf] dfGotf lbof]
!!)$_z"o{ u|x0f
  z"o{u|x0f cf}l;sf] lbgdf dfq nfUb5 eg] z"o{
u|x0f nfUbf z"o{sf] klZrdL efu af6 ;'? u5{ ,cf};Lsf]
lbg hjf k[YjL / z"o{sf] ljrdf rGb|df kb{5 To;a]nf
z"o{sf] k|sf; rGb|dfn] 5]Sb|5 To;nfO{ z"o{ u|x0f
elgG5
!!)%_rGb| u|x0f
 k"l0f{dfsf] /ftfdf z"o{ / rGb|dfsf] ljrdf hjf

{ rGb|u|x0f rGb| u|x0f elgG5 o;df z"o{sf]

k|sf; k[YjLn] 5]Sbf rGb|df ;Ddf k'Ub}gf ,rGb|u|x0f
k"lj{ efuaf6 nfUgf ;'? ub{5

!!)^_ k[YjL cfkmgf] cIfdf ^^=% l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf 9Ns]sf]

x'gfn] k[YjLdf lgDgflnlvt c;/ k/]sf] kfOG5
s_ e'dWo] /]vfdf afx]s cGo :yfgdf lbg / /ft j/fj/
g'x'g' jf slxn] lbg nfdf] /ft 5f]6f] / slxn] lbg 5f]6f] /ft
nfdf] x'g'
v_ k[YjLdf Ct'sf] kl/jt{g eO/xg'
u_;"o{sf] ls/0f hlxn] klg Ps} 7fpFdf nDa ?kn] gkg'{
3_;"o{ ;w}F Ps} 7fpFaf6 pbo gx'g' jf gc:tfpg'
ª_ ;"o{sf] dWofg a]nfsf] prfO{ lbg lbg} 36j9 eO/xg'
!!)&_cIf+zsf] k|efj
s_ ljZjsf] xfjfFkflgdf k|efj —cIf+z a9b}F hfbfF tfkqmd
36b}F hfG5
v_lbg / /ftsf] nDjfO{df k|efj,—cIf+z hlt a9\b} hfG5
plt plt lbg / /ftsf] nDjfO km/s kb} hfG5
u_gS;f lgdf0f{ / cWofgdf k|efj

!)*_>L+nªsfsf] kl/j{tLt Joj:yfklso /fhwfgL s'g xf]<

 >L+ hojw{g]k'/f
 sf]nDjf] — sfo{kfnLsf / Gofokflnsf /fwhfgL xf]
!!)(_dfbs kbfy{ ;]jfg u/] gu/]sf] hfFr ug]{ oGqnfO{ s]
elgG5
 a]|ynfOh/
 )=!# cªseGbf a9L cfPdf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jfg
u/]sf] eGg] a'lemG5
!!!)_OG6/kf]nsf] gf/f s] xf],
 sg]lS6ª k'ln; km/ P ;km/ jN8 – Ps ;'/lIft
ljZjsf nflu k|x/L ;+~hfn
 :ykgf —;g !(@# ;]K6]Dj/ &
 o;sf] d'Vofno km|G;sf] lnof]gdf /x]sf] 5
 g]kfn !(^& df -!)) cf}F ;b:o /fi6« ag]sf]
 xfn !($ ;b:o /fi6« 5g
 xfn o;sf] k|d'vdf blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] lsd hf]ª
ofª 5g ,
!!!!_xfn g]kfndf slt k|hfltsf] ;k{ kfOG5
 *#
 ;a}eGbf kl5 kTtf nfu]sf] z'Snfkmf6f /flg df
p7'jf nx/] ;fk
!!!@_;/sf/n] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq nfO;]G; df :df6{
sf8sf] Joj:yf slxn]b]lv u/]sf] xf]
 @)&@ d+ªl;/ !$
!!!#_cfsf/sf] cfsf/df 7'nf] af6 ;fgf] u|xx?
 !_j[x:ktL, @_zlg ,#_c?0f ,$_j?0f, %_k[YjL
 ^_z'qm ,&_dªun *_a'w
!!!$_cGtl/Ifsf] k|yd % ko{6sx?
 8]lg; l66f] —@))!
 dfs{ ;6njy{ —@))@
 lu|u]/L cf]N;]g —@))%
 cg'z]x cG;f/L —@))^ -k|yd dlxnf
 rfN;{ l;of]GdL —@))&.(
!!!%_e'dWo /]vfnfO{ ) l8u|L cIf+z /]vf klg elgG5
 o; /]vfdf lbg / /ft j/fj/ x'G5
 of] /]vfsf] s'n nDjfO{ $))&% ju{ lsld 5
 o;sf] &*=& k|lt;t kfgL / !*=# k|lt;t
hldgdf kb{5
 e'dWo] /]vfdf ;a}eGbf uld{ x'G5
!!!^_@)!^ h]i7 !# df ljlk sf]O/fnf g]kfnsf] klxnf]
hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdFGqL eP .s[i0f k|;fb e6\/fO{ klxnf]
;efd'v tyf klxnf] cfd lgjf{rgdf ljho x'g] dlxnf
4l/sfb]lj 7s'/fgL x'g
!!!&_/fhf dx]Gb|n] aLlk sf]O/fnfnfO @)!& k'; ! df
ckb:t ul/ k\'; @@ af6 k~rfolt zf;g ;'? u/] / /fhf
dx]Gb|sf] cWoIftfdf dGqLd08n u7g eof] k~rfolt
Joj:yfsf] klxnf] k|wfgdGqL ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf x'g eg]
clGtd nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb| x'g –k~rfolt Joj:yf k'; @@
,@)!&—r}q @)$^

!!!*_afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw !(*( nfO{ g]kfnn] slxn] cg'df]bg

u/]sf] xf] ,
 g]kfnn] @)$& ebf} @( ,;g !(() ;]K6]Dj/ !$
 @)^# b]lv x/]s aif{ ebf} @( df afn lbj; dgfOG5
 @)^# cl3 efb| $ df dgfOGof]
 lj; @)@! af6 dgfpgf yflnPsf]
!!!(_ n]vgfy kf}8\onfO{ slj lz/f]dl0fsf] pkflw slxn] k|bfg
ul/Psf] xf] ,\
 lj; @))*
 hGd lj; !($! — @)@@
!!@)_ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf @) aif{ k'/fgf ;fj{hgLs ;jf/L
;fwg rnfpgf slxn]b]lv /f]s nufPsf] xf]<
 @)&# kmfu'g !*
!!@!_sf]OnfnfO{ hLjz]if OGwg klg elgG5 / sf]OnfnfO{
jfikzLn kfby{ elgG5
!!@@_e'sDksf] pTktL,j]u,tLj|tf gfKg] oGqnfO{ l;:df]u|fkm
elgg5
 e'sDk pTkGg x'g] k[YjLsf] lelq s]Gb|nfO{ xfOkf];]G6/
elgG5
 xfOkf];]G6/af6 pTkg ePsf] sDk l;w} cfOk'Ug]
k[YjLsf] ;txsf] s]Gb\nfO{ Olk;]G6/ elgG5
!!@#_Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] d?e"ld s'g xf]<
 c/]laog d'?e"ld
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] anf}6] d?e"ld eg]/f klg
c/]ljog d?e"ldenfO{ lrlgG5
!!@$_ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] tfn — Sof;lkog tfn
 ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] tfhf kfgLsf] tfn —;'k]l/o/
tfn
 bf];|f] 7'nf] tfhf kfgLsf] tfn —leS6f]l/of tfn
  ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf ulx/f] tfn —a}sfn tfn
!!@%_ ljZjdf e'kl/j]li7t /fi6«x? —$*
 Pl;ofdf —!@
 clkm|sfdf —!^
 o'/f]kdf —!*
 b=cd]l/sf —@
 ;a}eGbf 7'nf] e'kl/j]li7t —sfh:tfg
 ;a}eGbf ;fgf] — Eofl6«sg l;l6
 bf]xf]/f] e'kl/j]li7t /fi6« —ph]ls:tfg / lnr]:6fOg
!!@^_ Ps} b]z ;+uf dfq e"kl/j]li7t ePsf b]zx?
 n];f]y —b =clkm|sfdf
 ;fg dfl/gf] —O6nL
 Eofl6s; l;l6 —O6nL
!!@&_ ;u/dfyf cf/f]xg k|yd % dlxnf
 h'Gsf] tfj]O{ —;g !(&% d] !^
 s'df/L kmfGt]ª — ;f !(&% d] @&
 jf08f?lTjlsh — ;g !(&* cS6f]j/ !^
 x]lgnf]/ — ;g !(&( cS6f]j/ @
 j]r]GbL kfn — ;g !(*$ d] @#
!!@*_ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf]
 cGg — e6df;
 v]n — kf]nf] –O/fg
 wft' — tfdf –OlhK6
 /fli6«o ufg — lsldofuf] –hfkg
 efiff — ;+:s[t
 cIf/ — lxGb'
 cIf/ — ) z'Go

!!@(_s;n] sxfF a:tL a;fn]sf x'g

 sflGtk'/ —u'0fsfdb]j
 lslt{k'/ —lzjb]j k|yd
 nlntk'/ — j/b]j
 uf]s0f{ — dfgb]j
 anDa' — c+z'jdf{
 yfgsf]6 — lzjb]j l4tLo
 xf8LFufpF — anb]j
!!#)_kz'kltgfysf] % d'vx?
  k"j{sf] d'v —tTk'?if – 1fg
 klZrdsf] d'v —;Bf]hft -;Dklt
 pt/sf] d'v – jfdg - bDktL
 blIf0ftkm{sf] d'v — c3f]/ - zq'gf;
 dflytkm{sf] — O;fg
!!#!_ljleGg efiffdf ag]sf] k|yd rnlrq
 zf]kf{ efiffdf ag]sf] k|yd —v8\uL
 g]jf/L efiffdf jg]sf] —lzn'
 lwdfn efiffdf ag]sf] — pgL
 /fO{ efiffdf ag]sf] — ;fOj'ª
!!#@__/f0f zf;gsf] cTo tyf k|hftGq :ykgf kl5 gful/s
:t/af6 klxnf] k|wfgdGqL x'g] JolQm dft[sfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
x'g pgn] @))* d+l;/ ! df dGqLd08n u7g u/]sf
!!##__ /fhf lj/]Gb|n] slxn] bnljlxg zAb tyf bndfly nfu]sf]
k|ltjGw km's'jf ug]{ lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf lyP
 @)$^ r}q @^ a]n'sL !! ah]/f !@ ldg]6
!!#$_sf]zL ;Dem}ftf
 g]kfn / ef/taLr @% clk|n !(%$ - @)!! a}iffs
!@ df k|wfgdGqL dft[sfk|zfb sf]O/fnfsf] kfnfdf
ePsf] xf] .
!!#%_u08s ;Dem}ftf
 g]kfn / ef/t ljr ;g !(%( l8;]Da/ $ df
k|wfgdGqL ljlk sf]O/fnfsf] kfnfdf ePsf] lyof] eg]
g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 x:tIf/ ;'j{0fzdz]/n] u/]sf x'g

!!#^_dxfsfnL ;GwL
 of] ;GwLdf !@ km|a'c/L !((^ df – lj; @)%@ df3
@( df x:tIf/ ePsf] xf] . of] ;GwL ubf{ k|wfgdGqL
z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf lyP eg] ;+;bn] @)%# c;f]h $ df
cg'df]bg u/]sf] xf] / of] ;GwL% h'g !((& b]lv nfu'
ePsf] xf]
!!#&_ jftj/0f ;DaGwL s]xL dxTjk'0f{ k|Zgx?
 ;lhn};+uf gi6 gx'g] jf un]/f ghfg] Knfli6snfO{
Biopol elgG5
 k[YjLsf] nflu cfj:os kg]{ ;f}o{ tfkqmddf sld eO{
k[YjLsf] tfkqmd 36L dfgj j;f]af;sf nflu cg's"n
gx'g] ul/ k[YjL clt lr;f] x'g] cj:yfnfO{ Go"lslno/
jG6/ -Nucelar Winter elgG5
!!#*_ s'g 7fpF s'g hgfj/sf nflu k|Voft 5
 u}F8f,3l8ofn uf]xL,gLnufO{ —lrtjfg /flg
  cgf{ —sf]zL 6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If
 s[i0f;f/ —albof{ /flg
 Wjf;] lrt'jf —dsfn' j?0f /flg
 emf/n —nfª6fª /flg
 af3 —lrtjfg,jlb{of,z'Snfkmf6,k;f{
!!#(_g]kfndf ;+/lIft k+IfLx?
 sfnf] u?8
 ;]tf] u?8
 ;f/;
 rL/ sfnLh
 8fFkm]
 d'gfn
 v/ d'h'/
 ;fgf] v/ d'h'/
 /fh wg]z
!!$)_ul/j kl/rokqsf] ljt/0f sfo{sf] ;'?jt s'g lhNnfaf6
ePsf] xf]<
 slknj:t'
 @)&% c;f/ @( df ;j{k|yd slknj:t' lhNnfaf6
;'? ePsf]
!!$!_ uf}/jdo qmflGt slxn] 36]sf] 36gf xf]
 ;g !^**
 /fHo zlQmnfO{ /fhfaf6 cnu u/fpg /fhf /
;+;bljr rn]sf] ;+3if{ g} uf}/jdo qmflGt xf]
 h;nfO{ /QmxLg qmflGt klg elgG5
!!$@_k"j{sf] uf];fOs'08f eg]/f tfKn]h'ªsf] ltDa'ª kf]v/LnfO{
lrlgG5 eg] k"js { f] dfsfdgfb]j eg]/f l5Gtfªb]jL ,wgs'6fnfO{
lrlgG5
!!$#_s'g em/gf s'g lhNndf
 hf]/kfgL —8f]6L
 krfn —sfnLsf]6
 ;'nLu8 —8f]Nkf
 ?K;] —DofUbL
 hnlj/] —lrtjfg
 gd:t] —wgs'6f
 cf]8/L vf]nfsf] em/0f —pbok'/
!!$$_s'g pkgfdn] s'g /fhfnfO{ lrlgG5
 hgtfsf /fhf — /fhf lqe"jg
 hLljt /fhf — of]ug/]Gb| dNn
 /fhgLlt1 /fhf — /fhf dx]Gb|
  cefuL /fhf —hok|sfz dNn
 ;fdflhs ;'wf/s /fhf — hol:yt dNn
!!$%_g]kfndf sf]le8 —!( dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f :ylut ePsf]
cfGtl/s p8fg slxn] af6 v'Nnf eof]
 @)&& c;f]h %
 g]kfndf @)&^ r}q !! ut]af6 /f]lsPsf] cfGtl/s
p8fg !&( lbgkl5 @)&& c;f]h %
 To;}u/L @)&& r}q $ af6 aGbf ul/Psf] cGt/fli6«o
p8fg eg] @)&& ebf}F !^ af6 lgoldt ?kdf v'Nnf
ul/Psf]

!!$^_ ( १९७७)
( १९८७)
?
  ॰
– ?
– ( १९०३ १२)
– ३८ ( १९३८)  ॰
– ( १९८८)  ॰
– ( १९९३)  ॰
1147)
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 २०७५ ४ ॰
( २०७५ २९
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!!$*_ ‘ फ ’
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 २०१८ २६ ॰
–

॰
– २०१८
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!!$(_ (
२०१८–२०२२)
?
 २०७४ २८ ॰
–( २०१३–२०१७)
– २०२२ २४
, ; २०
, २७ १२
॰
– ॰
1150) ?
 ॰
– १९६९ २०

॰
– ,
१९६९ १६ ११ फ
२० ॰
–
॰
– ११ २०२७
फ ॰
– १७ फ
॰
1151) ?
१९६६ १९ ॰
– ३१ ४८ १९
६७ ॰
– फ ॰
– २०१५ १५.७ , १५.६
, ६.५ , ६.५ ५.८
॰
1152) –
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॰
–( २०३८ ॰
1153) ?
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– २०७७ २३
॰
– ॰
– ६५ ८,८४८ २९,२८.८७ फ
॰
1154)
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२०७५ २६ ॰

1155)
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 ,( २०१६ २४ ) ॰

1156) ?
  ॰
(
, ,
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1157) ?
 १९६१ २९ ॰
– फ  ॰
–
 ॰
–  ॰

1158) ‘ ’
?
  ॰

1159) ?
 फ  ॰
–
१८२ (५९७ फ )  ॰
– २०१३ २०१८
 ॰
– फ  ॰

1160) औ
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 ३०  ॰

1161) फ ( )
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 २०१३ ॰
– . . २०७४ २५ ॰
२०७४ २९ फ ॰
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1162)
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 २०११ २० ॰
– , , , ,
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– १५ ७५ ॰

1163) फ
?
 ( २०१७ २७) ॰
–( फ ॰ फ २०१८ १७
॰)

1164) ?
 ॰
– . . १९६८ ॰
– ( . . १९९८) ( )
(२००९÷११) ॰
– ‘ ’ . .
२०१८ ॰
– . . २०२८ ॰
1165) ?
 १९९६ ॰
– २०१६  ॰
–  ॰
1166)
?
 २४  ॰
1167) ( – )
‘ ’ ?
 २०२१

!!^*_ afO;] /fHox?

!_ ljnf;k'/ @_afh'/f #_af]u6fg $_ladsf]6 %_aemfª
^_h'Dnf &_hfh/sf]6 *_hxf/L (_b'Nn' !)_b}n]v
!!_bgf{ !@_bfª !#_8f]6L !$_yfn/f !%_?s'd
!^_;Nofg !&_un'n !*_v'd|L !(_/f;sf]6 @)_dfng]6f
@!_;fGgL @@_ c5fd
!!^(_g]kfnsf] xfn;Ddfsf] ;efd'v
 !_ s[i0f k|;fb e6\/fO{
 @_bdggfy 9'ªuf0ff
 #_/fdrGb| kf}8]n
 $_tf/fgfy /f0ffef6
 %_;'jf;rGb| g]Djfª
 ^_cf]d;/L 3tL{ du/
 &_ s[i0f jxfb'/ dx/\f
 *_ cUgLk|;fb ;fksf]6f
!!&)_ l6 @) ljZjsksf] klxnf] ;+:s/0fsf] cfof]hs /fi6« s'g xf]M
 blIf0f clkm|sf -@))&_
 ;g @)@! df ;ftf}F ;+:s/0f ci6]lnofdf cfof]hgf x'b}5
  j]i6 OlG8hn] @ k6s ljh]tf ePsf] 5 eg]
ef/t,kfls:tfg,OUnf08,>L+nsf !.! k6s ljh]tf ePsf] 5
!!&!_g]kfnsf] s'g ;+ljBfg xfn ;Ddf slt k6s ;+zf]wg eof]
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] j}wflgs sfg'g -@))$_— nfu' ePgf
 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d zf;g ljBfg -@))&_ — ^ k6s
 g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg -@)!%_ —;+zf]wg ePg
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg -@)!(_ — # k6s
 g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg -@)$&_ — ;+zf]wg ePgf
 g]kfnsf] cGt/Ld ;+ljBfg -@)^#—!@ k6s
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg — @ k6s xfn ;Ddf
!!&@_ s'g s] kfOG5
 dl/r — kfOkl/g
 d]jf — klkg
 j]n — dfdf]{nf]l6;g
 d'nf — cfO;f];fOgf]6
 v';f{gL — SofK6fOl;g
 b'w — sf]lhg
 ;'tL{ — lgsf]l6g
 slkm — s]lkmg
 sf]sfsf]nf — yfof]a|]ldg
 ;"o{d'lv km"n —clS;g
 /S;L — OyfOn cNsf]xn
 lrof — 6]lgg
 6df6/ —tfOsf]k]g
  l:f:gf]n] kf]Nbf —kmld{s Pl;8
 sf|sf]sf] km]b — s's'/ lj6fl;g
 pv' — ;'qm|f]h

1173) ?
 २०७७ ६ ॰
– , ( )
 ॰
1174) २०७४ २५
?
 ५७ ॰
– ४९  ॰
– (६)  ॰
1175) ( ) ?
 १९८९ ॰
– १२ २१  ॰
–  ॰
– १९८९  ॰
1176) फ २०२० ?

–  ॰
– ‘ ’  ॰
1177) –२०७७ ?

– , १९८९ २०४७
२९ ( १९९० १४) . २०६३
२९  ॰
– . . २०२१ ४  ॰
1178)
( ÷ ) ?
 ( –१), ( –२), ( ), ( ),
( –५), ( ) ( )
–
॰
– २०७६  ॰
– . . २०७१÷७२
 ॰
1179) ?
 २०२७ २६ ॰
– २०२७ २६ ऐ –२०२१
॰
– २०३३ ६ ॰
1180) ?
 ॰
–(
॰)

!!*!_jg tyf e" ;+/If0f cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&&—&*

 ljZjsf] s'n e'—efusf] #)=* k|lt;t jg If]qn]
cf]u6]sf] 5 ,hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|lt JolQm
)=^ x]S6/ jg If]q / $@@ j6f ?v kb{5g
 g]kfndf j'6\ofg / emf8Ln] $=$ k|lt;t e"—efu cf]u6]sf]
5 eg] $)=$ k|lt;t jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 ,k|lt JolQm
)=@ x]S6/ jg If]q / !!! j6f ?v kb{5g
1182) फ १०–१०
?
 ( )
–( १०
॰)
1183)
?
 २०७५ १८ ॰
– –२०७५ (८)
 ॰
–
 ॰

1184) ( १९७७)
( १९८७)
?
  ॰
– ?
– ( १९०३ १२)
– ३८ ( १९३८)  ॰
– ( १९८८)  ॰
– ( १९९३)  ॰

1185) ÷
‘ ’ ?
 ०.१३ ॰
1186) a
?
 २०१९ २७
(
  ॰

!!*&_rGb+| zdfz]/ lj; !(%* —!(*^ ;Ddf

 b]j zdz]/nfO{ gh/jGwgdf /fv]/f k|wfgdGqL ePsf
 lkm:6] dxf/fhf ,w't{ k|wfgdgGqL ,3/sf] af3 agsf] :ofn
 Ogsf] zf;g sfn g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ;'Wff/ sfn dflgG5
 d]l6«s kf;-P;Pn;L_ ug]{ klxnf] /f0f k|wfgdGqL

/f0fx?nfO{ P,lj,l; ju{df ljefhg u/]sf

 P ju{ cGt/ut{ , ljjflxt If]qL k\6Lsf] h]7L
dxf/fgLaf6 hGd]sf z'4 ;Gtfgx? pgLx?
K|fwfgdGqLsf] /f]nqm|df x'Gy]
 lj ju{ cGt/ut{ , bf];|f] ljjflxt /fgLaf6 hGd]sf
;Gtfgx? pgLx?n] sf7df08f}sf] hg{{]n ;Ddf x'gf
kfpy]
 l; ju{ /vf}6L jf cljjflxt kTgLaf6 hGd]sf
;Gtfgx? pgLx? Sf7df08f}F aflx/fsf] hg]{n ;Ddf

!!**_@)&& kmfu'g d;fGt;Ddf cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&& —&*

  jfl0fHo a}Fªs —@& -g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}Fs /
lxdfnog a}Fs dh{ eO xfn @^ j6f
 ljsf; a}ªs —!(
 ljt sDkgL —@)
 nw'ljt ljlto ;+:yf —&^
 k"jf{wf/ ljsf; a}Fs !
hDdf !$@ j6f a}Fs tyf ljlQo ;+:yf
 xfn;Ddf &%) j6f :ygLo txdf jfl0fHo a}Fssf]
zfvf k'u]sf] 5 eg] wflbªsf] ?aL EofnL,hfh/sf]6sf] h'gL
rfb] / aemfªsf] ;fOkfndf k'Ugf afsL
 @)&& kmfu'g d;fGt;Ddf @#=$ k|lt;t hgtfdf
ljdfsf] kx"r k'u]sf] 5 ,j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / DofbL lhjg
ljdf ;d]t ubf{ @^ k|lt;t k'u]sf] 5

!!()_ ;d'Gb|df kfOg] s]xL d'Vo njfgx?

 ;f]l8od Snf]/fO8
 DofUg]l;od Snf]/fO8
 DofUg]l;od ;Nkm]6
 Sofnl;od ;Nkm]6
 kf]6fl;od ;Nkm]6
!!(!_ljZjsf] s]lx k|dv em/0fx?
em/0f b]z
  PGh]n — e]g]h'onf — (&( ld
 6'h]n — blIf0f clkm|sf — ($* ld
 So'gfg — e]g]h'onf —^!) ld
 ;'b/Nof08 —Go'lhNof08 — %*) ld
 tfsfsfjf — sf]nlDaof — %)# ld

!!(@_ $& cf}F G7 ;Dd]ng @)@! h'g !!—!# ;Ddf a]nfotdf

ePsf] lyof]
 Sofg8f,km|G;,hd{g,O6nL,j]nfot,cd]l/sf,hfkg ;b:o
/fi6« x'g
!!(#_ljleGg dxfb]zsf nfdf lxdglbx?
 Pl;of —l;ofr]g
 clkm|sf —lslndGh/f]
 p=cd]l/sf —xjf8{
 b=cd]l/sf—k]l/6f] df]l/gf]
 o'/f]k — e6\gf hf]s'n
 ci6]«lnof —x8{ cfONof08
 cG6fs{l6sf —nfDj8{
!!($_Pl;ofsf] cltsd ljsfl;t /fi6«x?
 (,g]kfn,e'6fg,a+unfb]z,ckmufg:yfg,nfcf];,Dofgdf/,
sDjf]l8of,Oi6 l6df]/,odg
!!(%_cfly{s jif{ @)&^.&& df ;a}eGbf a9L gfkmf sdfpg]
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?
 g]kfn cfon lgud
 g]kfn ljB't k|lws/0f
 g]kfn b"/;+~rf/ k|lws/0f
 jfl0fHo a}Fs
 s[lif ljsf; a}Fs

!!(^_ljZjsf] s]lx k|d'v 7'nf 6fk'x?

 lu|gNof08
 Go" lulgof
 af]lgof]
 d8fuf:s/
 jflkmg

!!(&_ljZjsk km'6an k'?if

 ;g !(#) af6 ;'? ePsf]
 x/]s $.$ aif{df cfof]hgf ul/G5
 bf];|f] ljZj o'4sf sf/0f ;g !($@,!($^ sf] @ j6f
ljZjsk x'gf ;s]g
 a|lhn ;jf{lws % k6s ljh]tf /fi6« xf]
  klxnf ljZjsksf] ljh]tf /fi6« p?Uj] xf] / klxnf]
cfof]hs /fi6« klg
 ;g @)@@ sf] stf/df x'b}F5
 ;g @))@ df Pl;ofsf] hfkg / b=+sf]/Lofdf cfof]hgf
ePsf] lyof]
 g]kfnn] ;g !(*^ sf] ljZjsksf] nflu klxnf] 5gf]6
v]n v]n]sf] lyof]

!!(*_ g]kfnn] s'g zlGwk|Zrft :jtGqtf /fi6«sf] ?kdf

cGt/fli6«o dfGotf kfPsf] xf]<
 g]kfn la|6]g lbuf] zflGt tyf d}qL ;lGw !(@#
l8;]Da/ @! df ePsf] xf] . o; ;lGwk|Zrft la|6]n]
g]kfnnfO{ :jtGqtf / ;fj{ef};Qf;DkGtf d'n's eg]/f
:jLsf¥of] ,o;} ;lGwsf cfwf/df g]kfn] :jtGqtf /fi6«sf]
?kdf cGt/fli6«o dfGotf kfPsf] xf],
!!((_xfn cf]k]ssf] ;b:o /fi6«x? slt 5g
 !$
 ;g !(^) df k]6f]«lnod kbfy{ lgof{t ug{ Psh'6
ePsf d'n'ssf] ;d"x – Organization of the
petroleum exporting countries _ OPEC df
;+:yfks % /fi6«x? – O/fg,O/fs,;fpbL
 c/j,s'j]t,e]g]h'onf,_ / o;sf] k|wfg sfo{no leofgf
cli6«ofdf /x]sf] 5
!@))_ s'g 6]lg; k|ltof]lutfsf] sf]6{ s:tf] x'G5
 km|]Gr cf]kg 6]lg; —/]8 Snf] - /ftf] df6f]
 ljDaN8g 6]lg; — u|f; sf]6{
 ci6]«lnog cf]kg / o'P; cf]kg —xf8{ sf]6
!@)!_ z'Go jh]6df cfwfl/t k|s[lts v]ltsf] ;'?jt s'g
lhNnfaf6 ePsf] xf]
 @)^( df emfkfsf] ;'/]Gb|gu/af6
 ef/tLo s[lif cg';Gwftf ;'jf; kfn]s/n] ;g !((%
df k|ltkfbg u/]sf x'g z'Go jh]6df cfwfl/t k|s[lts
v]ltsf] ;'?jt
!@)@_g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf :ykgf ePsf] bn s'g xf]<
 g]kfn k|hfkl/ifb
 lj; !((# h]i7 @) -!(#^ h'g @
 6+sk|zfb cfr{osf] cWoIftfdf u7g ePsf]
!@)#_g]kfnsf] k|yd ;lxb sf] x'g
 nvg yfkf
 nvg yfkfnfO{ !(## df d[To'b08 lbOPsf] lyof]
  lj; @)%^ kmfu'gdf ;lxb 3f]ifgf ul/Psf] lyof] eg]
@)&@ c;f]h # df ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] k|yd ;lxb eg]/f
3f]ifgf u/]sf] xf]
1104) ?
 ,२०७३. .२४ ॰
ऐ २४
२०७३ ‘ ’
 ॰
१९५८ २४ ‘ ’
 ॰ ,
२०१७ फ ७
 ॰
1105) ?
 ,१९०१ ॰
– फ १९६८  ॰
–
 ॰
–  
1106) ?
१९६६ १९ ॰
– ३१ ४८ १९
६७ ॰
– फ ॰
– २०१५ १५.७ , १५.६
, ६.५ , ६.५ ५.८
॰
!@)&_ ;g !@!% h'g !% df x:tIf/ ePsf] DofUgfsf6f
,:jtGqtfsf] dxfclwsf/kqn] a]nfotL hgtfnfO{ lgDgflnlvt
clwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5
 ;DktLsf] clwsf/
 JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/
 hyfefjL ;hfo lj?4sf] clwsf/
 :jtGqtf / lgikIf k'k{Ifsf] clwsf/
 DofUgfsf6f{df x:tIf/ ul/Psf] 7fpF /lgd]8 xf] ,
 j]nfotL /fhf hf]g l4tLosf] ;dodf a]nfotsf kf]d
Ogf];]G6 t[tLo lyP
!@)*_km|fG;sf] /fHo qmflGtsf] k|d'v gf/f —;dfgtf,:jtGqtf /
eft[Tjf
 n'O{ !^ cf}F zf;gsfndf -!&*( _ sf] u[xo'4 g} km|fG;sf]
/fHoqmlGt xf]
 o;nfO{ af}l4s jf ljrf/sf] qmflGt klg elgG5
 !&% aif{ kl5 km|fG;sf] /fhfn] ;g !&*( d] % df
af]nfPsf] a}7ssf] gfd :6]6 hg/n xf]
 km|fG;sf] /fHoqmflGtsf] k'q dflgg] gf]kf]lnog ;g !&((
df ;Qfdf cfP
!@)(_bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o nIo cGt/ut{ ;'vL g]kfnLsf] nIox?
 kl/is[t tyf dof{lbt hLjg
 ;'/lIft ;Eo / Gofok"0f{ ;dfh
  :jf:Yo / ;Gt'lnt kof{j/0f
 ;'zf;g
 ;an nf]stGq
 /fli6«o Pstf ;'/Iff / ;Ddfg
!@!)_bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o nIo cGt/ut{ ;d[4 g]kfnsf] nIox?
 ;j{;'ne cfw'lgs k"j{wf/ Pjd ;3g cGt/ cfj4tf
 dfgjk'FhL lgdf0f{ tyf ;Defjgfsf] k"0f{ pkof]u
 pRr / lbuf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjf
 pRrf / ;dtfd"ns /fli6«o cfo
!@!!_ ;+oQ' m /fi6« ;+3sf] k"j{ dxf;lrj Xofleo/ k]/]hsf] lgwg
slxn] ePsf] xf],
 ;g @)@) dfr{ $
 k]?sf k]/]h !)) aif{sf] pd]/df d[To' ePsf] lyof]
 ;g !(*@ —!((! ;Ddf @ sfo{sfn dxf;lrj ePsf
lyP
!@!@_g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] efu @& df s'g s'g cfof]usf] Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5
 /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u wf/f @%@
 /fli6«o blnt cfof]u wf/f @%%
 /fli6«o ;dfj]lz cfof]u wf/f @%*
 cflbjf;L hghftL cfof]u wf/f @^!
  dw]zL cfof]u wf/f @^@
 yf? cfof]u wf/f @^#
 d'l:nd cfof]u wf/f @^$
!@!#_ ;+ª\u / k|b]zlar tyf k|b]z k|b]zlar pTkGg /fhgLlts
ljbfb ;dwfg ug]{ u7g ul/g] ;+oGq s'g xf]
 cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb -;+ljBfgsf] wf/f @#$ adf]lhd cGt/
k|b]z kl/ifb u7g x'G5
 k|wfgdGqL — cWoIf
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u[xdGqL —;b:o
 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqL —;b:o
 ;DaGwLt k|b]zsf] d'VodGqL — ;b:o

!@!$_;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf slt wf/fdf ul/Psf] 5

 wf/f @*$
 ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] u7g
 k|wfgdGqL — cWoIf
 k|wfg GofwLz —;b:o
 k|ltlgwL ;efsf] ;efd'v —;b:o
 /fli6«o ;efsf] cWoIf —;b:o
  k|ltlgwL ;efsf] ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf —;b:o
 k|ltlglw ;efsf] pk;efd'v —;b:o
!@!%_g]kfndf lk5fl8Psf] lhNnfx? ( j6f /x]sf] 5g
 c5fd,ahfª,hfh/sf]6,8f]Nkf,sflnsf]6,d'u',x'Dnf,h'Dnf
afh'/f , z'q —ca hf8f] sfd' x'h'af
 xfn ;/sf/n] %& j6f :yfgLo txnfO{ lk5l8Psf]
If]q elg 3f]ifgf u/]sf] 5
 s'g k|b]zdf slt lk5l8Psf] If]q
 k|b]z ! — @
 k|b]z @ —$ j6f
 k|b]z # — @
 k|b]z $ —! –nf]dfGyfª uf=kf d':tfª
 k|b]z g % —! – t/}gfk'/ uf=kf –afFs]
 k|b]z g ^ —#)
 k|b]z g & —!&
!@!^_ w]/} hg;+Vof ePsf] % cNk;+Vofs hfltx?
 !_ snjf/ -)=$*
 @_ sfg' hflt-)=$&
 #_ s'dfn -)=$^
 $_ 3tL{ . e'h]n hflt-)=$%
  %_xhfd . 7fs'/ hflt -)=$$

!@!^_kz'kltgfydf s;n] s] agfP ,

 kz'kltgfysf] dlFb/ agfpg] —k|r08b]j
 e6\6 k'hf/L /fVg] —oIf dNn
 dxf:gfg — ceo dNn
 /fhdfGotf —c+z'jdf{
 ;'gsf] 5fgf r9fpg] —lzjb]j
!@!&_s'g /fhf sf] d[To' s;/L eof]
 of]ug/]Gb| dNn — tdfv'df ljif k/]/f
 k|tfk dNn —xl/l;l4sf] gfr x]bfx]b}F
 ceo dNn —e'sDkdf k/]/f
 efifs/ dNn —dxfd/Ldf k/L dg]{ /fhf
 e'kn]Gb| dNn —tLy{ ug]{ hfbfF af6f]df dg]{ /fhf

!@!*_s'g o'4df s;n] lj/ult kfP

 b]pynsf] o'4 —elQm yfkf
 gfnfkfgLsf] o'4— ane4 s'Fj/
 sflGtk'/ —t'nf/fd kfF8]
  sLlt{k'/ —sfhL sfn' kfF8]
 knf~rf]ssf] o'4 —cd+/l;=x yfkf

!@!(_ ljleGg kj{x? slxn]

 dftflty{ cf};L —j}iffs s[i0f cf};L
 a'4hoGtL —j}iffs z'Snf k'l0f{df
 uf]j{wg k'hf —sflt{s z'Snf k|ltkbf
 efOl6sf — sflt{s z'Snf l4tLof
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 tLh —efb| z'Snf t[tLof
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 ( १९८७ १८ )॰
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1500 Question
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%)_g]kfndf gful/s a8fkqsf] ;'? slxn]af6 ePsf] xf]<
 @)%^
%!__ a]nfot Oo"af6 cf}krf/Ls ?kdf slxn] aflxl/Psf] xf]<
 ;g @)@) hgfj/L #!
%@_ rGb|dfsf] k|sfz k[YjL;Ddf cfOk'Ugf slt ;do nfU5 <
 !=# ;]s]08
%#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g jif{nfO{ j[If/f]kg aif{sf] ?kdf dgfpg]
3f]ifgf u/]sf] xf]<
 @)&^—@)&&
 j[If/f]kg jif{sf] cf}krf/Ls ;'?jt @)&^ c;f/ !$ df
ul/Psf] xf]
%$_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] s'g lbgnfO{ ;kmf xfjf lbj; 3f]ifgf
ul/of]
 ;]K6]Dj/ & - ;g @)!( l8;]Da/ !( df dxf;ef4f/f ;f]
lbj; 3f]ifgf
%%_ ef/lto lqm|s]6/ dx]Gb|l;+x wf]lgn] slxn] cGt/fli6«o
lqm|s]6af6 ;Gof;sf] 3f]ifgf u/]sf x'g <
 @)@) cu:6 !%
%^_ g]kfnsf] gofF gS;fsf] c+u|]hL ;+:s/0f slxn] :jLs[t eof] <
 @)&& ;fpg #)

%&_ ?;n] sf]/f]gf lj?b|sf] vf]k tof/ kfl/Psf] 3f]ifgf slxn]

u/]sf] xf]<
 ;g @)@) cu:6 !! - :k'tfgLs eL
%*_ km|fO8] km/ km\o'r/ sfo{qmdsf] cleofGt sf] xf] <
 u|]6f ygju{ - :jL8]g
%(_ g]kfnn] ko{6s bzssf ?kdf 3f]ifgf u/]sf] cjlw s'g xf]<
 ;g @)@) —@)#)
^)_ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] d"lt{ s'g xf]<
 :6\ofr' ckm o'lg6L –ef/t
!!_ cf=j @)&^.&& ;Ddf k|To]s g]kfnLsf] efudf slt ;/sf/L
C0f /x]sf] 5
 $@^))
^@_ xfn g]kfndf lk5fl8Psf] If]qdf ;"rLs[t :yflgo tx slt
/x]sf] 5
 %&
^#_ g]kfndf lgjf{rg lbj; slxn] dgfOG5
 kmfu'g &
^$_ ljifv]nf kj{ s'g hfltdf k|rlnt kj{ xf]<
  ;tf/
^%_ g]kfndf phf{ tyf hn;|f]t bzs elg s'g cjlwnfO{
3f]ifgf ul/Psf] 5
 lj; @)&%—*%
^^_ ljZjd} b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;x/af6 ;a}eGbf glhsdf /x]sf]
/fli6«o lgs'Ghf s'g xf]<
 lzjfk'/L /flg
^&_ cgnfOg u]d kAhLsf] l8hfOg/ sf] x'g<
 a]G8g lu|g
^*_ OG8f] Kofl;lkms /0flgtL s'g b]zsf] g]t'Tjdf ;+~rflnt
sfo{qmd xf]<
 cd]l/sf
^(_ #@ cf}F cf]nlDks v]n slxn] cfof]hgf x'b}F5
 ;g @)@! h'nfO{ @# — cu:6 * hfkg
&)_ sf]/f]gfsf] sf/0f ul/Psf] ns8fpg slxn]af6 cTo ul/Psf]
xf]<
 @)&& ;fpg & - @)&^ r}t !! af6 ;'? ul/Psf]
&!_ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gaf6 cd]l/sfn] cf}krfl/s ?kd}
aflxl/Psf] 3f]ifgf slxn] u/\of]{
 ;g @)@) h'nfO{ ^
&@_ ;nx ls/f slxn] g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] lyof]<
 @)&& c;f/ !#
&#_ vf8L d'n'sdf 3/]n' sfdbf/df hfg] dlxnfsf] pd]/sf] xb
slt t]s]sf] 5 <
 @$ aif{
&$_ g]kfnn] >d ;Dem}tf u/]sf] klxnf] /fi6« s'g xf]<
 stf/
&%_ s'g efiffnfO{ tfhk'\/L efiff klg elgG5
 /fh+jzL
&^_ g]kfn /fhkqnfO{ ;/n Pj\d ;'nj agfpg NofPsf] df]jfOn
Pk s'g xf]<
 g]kfn uh]6
&&_ lzIffljb\ cªu'/afaf hf]zLsf] lgwg slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 @)&& c;f/ ^
&*_ g]kfndf klxnf]k6s /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo ;j]{If0f slxn] ul/of]
 ;g !((^

&(_ xfn /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 slt efiffdf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f x'G5<

 @!
*)_;a} lhNnfdf :j:Yo ljdf nfu' ug]{ k|b]z s'g xf]<
 ;'b"/klZrd k|b]z
*!_n}ªlus lx+;flj?b| !^ lbg] cleofg slxn]af6 ;'? ePsf] xf]<
 ;g !((!
*@_ g]kfndf lrlgofF OG6/g]6 slxn]b]vL ;+~rfngdf cfPsf] xf]<
 @)&$ k'; @*
*#_ OlhK6sf] k"j{ /fi6«klt xf]:gL d'jf/ssf] lgwg slxn] ePsf]
xf]<
 ;g @)@) km]a'cl/ @%
*$_cfj:otfdf cfwfl/t pTk|]/0fsf] l;4fGtsf k|ltkfbs sf] x'g
<
 ca|fxd df:nf]
*%_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfgsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 @)&& c;f/ $
*^_!% cf}F of]hgfdf sltj6f ?kfGt/0fsf/L cfof]hgf ;d]l6Psf]
5?
 !* j6f
*&_kfxfFr/] kj{ s'g hfltsf] k|rlnt kj{ xf]<
 g]jf/
**_g]kfn / ef/t ljr zflGt tyf d}qL ;+lGw slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 ;g !(%) h'nfO{ #!
*(_zflGtsf] ;'?jt d':sfgaf6 x'G5 , of] s;sf] egfO xf]<
 db/ 6]/]';f
()_ cf7f}F dlxnf ljZjsk km'6jn @)!( sf] ljh]tf /fi6« s'g
xf]<
 cd]l/sf
(!_ ANofs xf]nsf] tl:a/ klxnf]k6s slxn] ;fj{hlgs eof]<
 ;g @)!( clk|n !)
(@_g]kfnsf] klxnf]k6s ah]6 k]z ubf{ cy{dGqL sf] lyP<
 ;'j0f{ zdz]/ hj/f
(#_ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf pRrf efudf d'xfg /x]sf] glb s'g xf]<
 c?0f glb
($_g]kfndf slxn]b]lv /fli6«o ufg ufpgf yflnPsf] xf]<
 lj; !(^@
(%_ ufO{,l;ld|s ,8fFkm],nfnLu'/fF; slxn] /fli6«o k|lts lrGxsf]
?kdf 3f]ifgf ul/of]<
 lj; @)!( ;fn
(^_uf]/vfkq ax'efiffdf slxn]af6 k|sfzg ug]{ yflnof]<
 @)^$ c;f]h !
(&_g]kfn cfO l; l; af6 slxn] P;f]l;o6 /fi6«sf] dfGotf
kfof]<
 ;g !((^
(*_cG6{/li6«sf ;lGw slxn] ePsf] lyof]< slt /fi6«n] x:tIf/
u/]sf lyP<
 ;g !(%( ,!@ b]z
((_blIf0f cd]l/sfsf] cd]hg h+undf a;f]af; ug]{ cNk;ªVos
lk5fl8Psf] hfltnfO{ s] elgG5
 af/f]
!))_pt/ cd]l/sf dxfb]zdf kg]{ s'g s'g % tfnnfO{ u|]6 n]s
elgG5 <
 ;'k]l/o/,ldl;ug,6o'/]g,Ol//,cf]G6fl/of
!)!_k|yd /fli6«o v]ns'b slxn] ePsf] lyof]<
  @)#*
!)@_rDkf s;sf] s[lt xf]<
 nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6f
!)#_ n]vgfy k}f8]nsf] klxnf] s[lt s'g xf]<
 >t[ af]wlg
!)$_lghfdlt ;]jf lbj; slxn] af6 dgfpg ;'? ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)^!
!)%_ljZj /fli6«o lgs'Ghf ;Dd]ng slt slt aif{sf] cGt/df
ul/G5 <
 !).!)
!)^_ ;j{k|yd P]g kfl/b ug]{ hg k|ltlglw sf] x'g <
 ;'jf;rGb| g]dfª
@(_Do or die s;sf] egfO{ xf]<
 dfxfTd uflGw
!)&_g]kfln efiffnfO{ ef/tn] slxn] ;+a}wflgs dfGotf lbof]<
 @)$(. !((@

!)*_ xfn;Ddf g]kfndf slt j6f nufgL ;Dd]ng ePsf] 5

 # j6f @)$(,@)&#,@)&%
!)(_ g]kfndf xfltkf]nf] k|ltof]lutfsf] ;'?jt slxn]b]lv ePsf]
xf]<
 ;g !(*@
!!)_ The Father of Water eg]/f lrlgg] glb s'g xf]<
  ldl;l;lk
!!!_ cd]l/sfsf] 6«Dk k|zf;gn] cd]l/sf slxn] hnjfo' kl/j{tg
;DalGw k]l/; ;Dem}tfaf6 aflxl/g] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf]
 ;g @)!( gf]e]Da/ %
 cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;g @)@) gf]e]Dj/ $ af6 aflxl/Psf] xf]
!!@_ nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ x:tsnf gu/ 3f]ifgf slxn]
ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)&% sflt{s @*
!!#_ /fgLkf]vl/sf] k"g —lgdf0f{ kl5 slxn] pb\3f6g ul/Psf]
xf]<
 @)&& sflt{s %
!!$_ g]kfndf ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx slxn]af6 dgfpgf yflnPsf] xf]<
 @)%^
!!%_ hLljt b]jL dflgg] s'df/Lsf] k|rng slxn]b]lv ;'? ePsf]
xf]<
 lnR5ljsfn
!!^_ g]kfnnfO{ ;j{k|yd cGt/fli6«o kbs lbnfpg] v]nfl8 sf]
x'g
 lhtaxfb'/ s];L
!!&_ g]kfndf ;'/lIft ue{ktgn] sfg'gL dfGotf slxn] kfPsf]
xf]<
 @)%( c;f]h !)
!!*_sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ljB'lto a; ;]jfsf] ;'?jt
slxn]b]lv ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)&^ ebf}F @#
!!(_ cd]{lgof / ch/j}hg ljr k'g o'4sf] ;'?jt slxn] ePsf]
xf]<
 @)@) ;]K6]Dj/ @&
!@)_t]hj tyf cGo 3fts /;folgs kbfy{ lgodg cWofb]z
@)&& slxn] hf/L ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)&& c;f]h !@
!@!_ ;fs{ /fi6«dWo] cfkmgf gful/snfO{ O kf;kf]6 pknAw
u/fpg] klxnf] /fi6« s'g xf]<
 dflNb; ;g @))&
!@@_ g]kfn ;/sf/4f/ x]nf] :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jt slxn]af6
ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)^( sflt{s @(
!@#_hgsk'/b]lv ef/tsf] hogu/;Ddf rNgf g]kfndf slxn]
/]n NofPsf] xf]<
 @)&& c;f]h @
!@$_ cfªl/\tf z]kf{sf] lgwg slxn] ePsf] xf]<
 @)&& c;f]h %
!@%_g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg lgdf0f{sf] qmddf slxn] hgtfsf] ;'emfj
;+sng u/]sf] lyof]<
  @)&@ >fj0f $ / %
!@^ g]kfnL efiffsf] k|yd k':ts s'g xf]<
 cIf/fs+ lzIff
!@&_g]x? k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{ k|yd g]kfnL sf] x'g<
 t'n;L df]x/
!@*_ufO{,l;ld|s ,8fFkm],nfnLu'//fF; slxn] /fli6«o k|lts lrGxsf]
?kdf 3f]ifgf ul/of]<
 lj; @)!( ;fn
!@(_;+ljBfgnfO{ b]zsf] d'n sfg'g dfGg] klxnf] ;+ljBfg s'g
xf]<
 g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)!%
!#)_b]jgful/s lnkLnfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf] /fi6« efiffsf] ?kdf
dfGotf lbg] ;+ljBfg s'g xf]<
 g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)!%
!#!_g]kfnsf] ;+ljBfg @)!( sf] af6 hf/L ePsf] lyof]<
 /fhf dx]Gb|
!#@_;fj{ef}d;tf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt n]lvPsf] klxnf]
;+ljBfg s'g xf]<
 G]fkfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljBfg @)$&
!##_;/sf/L sfdsfh g]kfnL efiffdf x'g'kg]{ Aoa:yf slxn]
ul/of]<
 lj; @)@! a};fs @
!#$_g]kfn ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL ljr a[xt, zflGt ;Dem}tf slxn]
ePsf] xf]<
 @)^# d+lz/ % ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf
/ dfcf]jfbLsf] tkm{af6 k|r08n] x:tIf/ u/]sf lyP<
!#%_g]kfnsf] gofF /fli6«o ufg slxn] ;fj{hlgs ul/of]<
 @)^$ ;fpg !*
!#^_uf]/vfkq ax'efiffdf slxn]af6 k|sfzg ug]{ yflnof]<
 @)^$ c;f]h !
!#&_ xfn ;Ddf ;a}eGbf sd pd]/df dbg k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug]{
JolQm sf] / pgsf] s[lt s] xf]<
 df]bgfy k|>Lt dfgj dxfsfJo
 @$ aif{sf] pd]/df
!#*_g]b/Nof08n] slxn] ;+dlnlu lajxfnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] xf]<
 ;g @))) jf6
!#(_gf/L lbjz g]kfndf slxn] b]lv dgfpgf ;'? ul/Psf] 5
 lj; @)!^
!$)_ &% lhNnfaf6 && lhNnf agfpg] lg0fo{ dGqLkl/ifbaf6
slxn] wf]ifgf ul/of] <
 @)&$ ebf} %
!$!_t/fO{ k|b]zdf slt k|lt;t hldg v]ltof]Uo 5<
 ^!=( k|lt;t
!$@_ljZjdf k|x/Lsf] ;'?jt s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] 5 <
 a]nfot
!$#_ lrgdf slxn] b]lv Ps ;Gtdf lglt nfu' ul/Psf] xf]
 ;g !(&(
!$$_g]kfnsf] klxnf] hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL sf] x'g<
 ljlk sf]O/fnf
!$%_g]kfnnfO{ zflGt If]q dfGotf lbg] cd]l/sL /fi6«klt sf] x'g
<
 /f]gfN8 /]ug
!$^_lj|l6; pklgj]zaf6 :jtGqtf ePsf] klxnf] b]z s'g xf]<
 3fgf
!$&_g]kfnn] klxnf] Pl;ofln v]ndf s'g v]ndf efu lnPsf]
lyof]<
 PYn]l6S;
!$*_ef/lto :jtGqtf ;+ufdsf] a]nf h]n kg]{ g]kfln sf] x'g <
  df]gdf]xg clwsf/L
!$(_lj1fgsf] ;lxb elg s;nfO{ lrlgG5 <
 luxfl8g j'|gf]
!%)_k|wfgdGqLaf6 ;ky lng] k|wfg Goflw; sf] x'g <
 lblnk s'jf/ kf}8]n
!%!_g]kfn ISBN df slxn] cfa4 ePsf] xf]<
 @)%^ df3 !@
!%@_cGt/fli6«o k|dfl0fs ;do slxn] lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] xf]<
 ;g !**$ gf]e]Da/ !
!%#_cS6f]a/ qmflGtsf] ;'?jt ul/Psf] 7fpF s''g xf]<
 k]6f]«ufb
!%$_cGt/fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt x'g] ul/ ljZjnfO{ sltcf]6f
;do If]qdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 <
 @$
155-for a living planet gf/f s'g ;+:yfsf] xf]<
 WWF
!%^_kf]df]nf]lhn] s] ;+alGw cWofg ub{5 <
 kmnk'mn
!%&_g]kfnsf] ;+;lbo Oltxf;df k|wfdGqL;+uf k|ToIf k|Zgf]t/
qmfo{qmdsf] ;'?jt slxn] af6 ePsf] xf]<
 @)&%4 df3 $
!%*_z'Go xf]d 8f]lnel/ cleofg ;+~rfng ug]{ klxnf] :yfgLo
tx s'g xf]<
 dflnsf uf+ kf u'NdL

!^)_ ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf] tl:j/ c+lst l;Ssf slxn] ;fj{hlgs

ul/of]<
 @)&^ ebf}F @$
!^!_ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ejg s'g xf]<
 Go' ;]Gr'/L Unf]an ;]G6/ - rLg_
!^@_ g]kfndf klxnf]k6s /fli6«o dlxnf lbj; slxn] dgfOof]<
 @)&^ h]i7 !^
!^#_ g]kfndf klxnf]k6s sn]hf] k|Tof/f]kg slxn] ul/Psf] xf]<
 @)&# dª\l;/ @@
!^$_ g]kfnsf] klxnf] aGohGt' c:ktfn sxfF :ykgf ul/Psf] 5
<
 ;f}/fx –lrtjfg_
!^%_ dxfef/t kj{tsf] dfly p7]sf] If]qnfO{ k|ltgtL elgG5 eg]
tnf efl;Psf] If]qnfO{ s] elgG5
  ;GgtL elgG5
 o; kj{t If]qnfO{ df]8bf/ kj{t klg elgG5
!^^_ ljZjdf % lh b"/;+~rf/ ;]jfsf] ;'?jt ug]{ /fi6« s'g xf]<
 blIf0f sf]/Lof
!^&_;g @)@) ;]K6]Dj/ !^ df hfkgsf] ;+;bn] k|wfgdGqLdf
s;nfO{ rog u/]sf] xf]<
 of]l;lxb] ;'uf
!^*_jftj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu xl/t ;]gf u7g ug]{ b]z s'g xf]<
 ci6«]lnof
!^(_ sf7df08f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] slxn]b]lv ljB'lto k||0fnLaf6
PsLs[t s/ lgwf{/0f tyf ;+sng ug]{ u/]sf] 5
 @)&& c;f]h !
!&)_ k|b]z g ! n] to u/]sf] k|b]lzs gf/f s] xf]<
 :jR5,;'vL / ;Dd'gt k|b]z
!&!_ ef/tsf k"j{/fi6«klt k|0fj d'vlhsf] lgwg slxn] ePsf]
xf]<
 ;g @)@) cu:6 #!
 g]kfndf ;j{k|yd x'nfs l6s6sf] k|sf;g slxn]
ul/of]<
 lj; !(#*
 /fi6«slj dfwj k|zfb l3ld/]sf] lgwg slxn] ePsf] xf]<
  @)&& ebf}F @
 k|b]z % ;/sf/n] k|b]z uf}/jsf cfof]hgf lgwf{/0f
;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&^ slxn] :jLs[t u/]sf] xf]<
 @)&^ kmfu'g @
!&%_ h+ªunL hgfj/af6 ;'/lIft x'gf nufOPsf] ljB'lto
tf/nfO{ s] elgG5
 PGhfOj/
!&^_c08f kfg]{ :tfgwf/L hLj s'g xf]<
 Kn]l6k;
!&&_dfOqmf];K6 slxn] b]lv ;+~rfngdf cfPsf] xf]<
 ;g !(&%
!&*_k[YjLsf] s'n If]qkmndf Pl;of dxfb]zn] slt k|lt;t e'
efu cf]u6]sf] 5
 *=& k|lt;t
!&(_lj:jdf klxnf] v'NNf ljZj ljwfnosf] :yfkgf slxn]
ePsf] xf]<
 !(^(
!*) _lx6n/sf] hGd s'g b]zdf ePsf] xf]<
 cli6«of
!*!_;a}eGbf sd ;fIf/tf ePsf] lhNnf s'g xf] @)^* sf]
hgug0f cg';f/
 /f}tx6
!*@_d'gf / dbg s[ltsf n]vs sf] x'g <
 hfgsL k|;fb l/dfn
!*#_;dfa]lzs/0fsf] ;'?jt s'g b]zaf6 ePsf] xf]<
 :jLh/Nof08
!*$_Eof6sf] b/ slxn] af6 !# k|lt;t agfOof]<
 @)^# df3 !
!*%_g]kfnsf] klxnf] gu/kflnsf s'g xf]<
 nlntk'/
!*^_n]vgfy k}f8f]nsf] klxnf] s[lt s'g xf]<
 >t[ af]wlg
!*&_g]kfn / ef/t ljrsf] kf/jxg ;lGw slt slt aif{df
gljs/0f ul/g] Aoa:yf 5
 &.&
!**_/ljGb|gfy 6}uf]/n] s'g s[ltdf gf]jn k'/:sf/ lht]sf x'g
 lutfGhnL
!*(_d?e'lddf l;rfO{ ul/ v]ltkftL ug]{ ;lsg] pe{/ 7fpFnfO{
s] elgG5<
 d?Bfg
!()_;/sf/n] g]kfn ;+jtnfO{ /fli6«o dfGotf slxn] lbPsf] xf]<
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