Stratum plus

113

6. 2014

. .

VIVII .
Keywords: Crimea, Chersonesos, Bosporus, Dory, Early Byzantine time, the armed forces, dux, Ducats, federates,
fortification structure.

Cuvinte cheie: Crimeea, Chersones, Bospor, Dori, perioada bizantin timpurie, fore armate, dux, ducate, federai,
structur de fortificare.

: , , , , , , , , , .
S. B. Sorochan
Byzantine Military Forces in the Crimea in 6th7th Centuries
History of military forces in the Crimea in 550 early 7th centuries has been seldom subject of special research.
Now we have sucient sources, particularly archaeological evidence, which require study and analysis. Along with written
accounts, these materials provide background for a new concept of Taurica's history in the early Byzantine period. The
main postulate of this new concept consists in rejection of the fact that Byzantium lost its authority in the Crimean region
in the mentioned period, when an Imperial Province appeared on the territory between the Crimean Peninsula between
Chersonesos and Bosporus. It was divided into archontates, with Chersonesos as the main center. Mangoup was another
large political center the capital of Dori country.
The armed forces of this province consisted of Chersonesos militia, irregular military units and allies of the Empire, their
total number being 30004000 people. The core consisted of federates-espondoi free wealthy landlords, peasantssoldiers from among the local population, the Alani and the Goths. They were under political and fiscal control of the
central Byzantine authorities aer 575, the lands of the Tauric province were transferred by the local archontes to the
administration of the supreme military and civil governor, who was called 'dux'. Chersonesos and Bosporus transform into
a Ducat structure.
S. B. Sorochan
Forele armate bizantine din Crimeea secolului VIVII
Istoria forelor armate din Crimeea bizantin, din a doua jumtate a sec. VI nceputul sec. VII, a constituit rar subiectul
unor cercetri speciale. n momentul actual a fost acumulat un material impuntor, provenit mai ales din surse arheologice,
care necesit a fi prelucrat i analizat. mpreun cu izvoarele scrise, aceste materiale permit crearea unei baze pentru o nou
concepie a istoriei Crimeei n perioada bizantin timpurie. Postulatul principal al acestei noi concepii const n refuzarea
recunoaterii pierderii de ctre Bizan a autoritii n perioada respectiv n Crimeea, cnd provincia imperial era localizat
pe teritoriul peninsulei, ntre Cherson i Bospor. Ea era mprit n arhontate cu centrul principal n Cherson. Un alt centru
politic important era Mangop, capitala statului Dori.
Forele armate ale provinciei erau compuse din miliia Chersonesului, uniti militare neregulate i aliai ai imperiului,
cu un numr total de circa 30004000 de persoane. Baza forelor armate era constituit din federai agricultorii liberi
nstrii, rani-soldai din rndurile populaiei locale, alani i goi. Acetia se aflau sub controlul politic i fi scal al autoritii
centrale bizantine. n ultimul sfert al sec. VI, teritoriile provinciei Taurica au fost transferate de sub controlul arhonilor locali n administrarea guvernatorului suprem militar i civil, numit ,,dux. Chersonesul i Bosporul se integreaz n structura
ducatului.
. .
VIVII .
VI VII . . , ,
.
. ,
.
.
. ,
30004000 . -
, - , .
. VI . -
, . .
Stratum plus. .
. . , 2014.

114

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

50- . VI .
. ,
,
(552651 .). ,
VI ., , , ,
. 560561 .
,
, ,
, 567568 . ( 1936:
2226; 1981: 11; 2004: 171).
70- . VI .
( ),
,
(juxtum
Chersonam) , ( 1950:
388 (IV, 5, 2728); 1960: 72, 37, . 119; 1995:
328). , ,
VI .
,
, 7080- . VI .
, VII . (
1898: 179; 1906: 63; 1905: 9597;
1908: 1112; 1954: 152,
158; 1964: 27; 1984: 87;
1984: 20; 1990; 1994).

.
- , , , ,
, , , , . .
, ,

. .
, ,

,
, ,
( ) ( 1989:
243; Bortoli, Kazanski 2002: 652).
, , 567568 .
.
- , ,
558, 562, 563, 568 . VI . ( 1860: 370384, 398400,
416418, 462; 1860:
492493; Theophylacti Simocattae 1834: 282;
Theophanis Chronographia 1883: 239).
,
( 575 576 .) (--),
,
, , , - ,
(Menandr 1871: 90, fr. 45;
1860: 422, 423; 1896: 12;
1967: 106; 1979: 96;
1986: 1819),
580581 . . ,
,

, 70-
80- . VI ., , -
()
, 581 . (Moravcsik 1958: 72), , ,
, , , , ,
II . ,
,
- , (, 2004: 379382).

Stratum plus

VIVII .

115

6. 2014

,
-
.
80- . VI ., , ,
.
581 . ,
15- , , ,
, , , , (, .),

596 . ,

, , ,
, 602 ., , ,


( 1936: 39; 2004:
199). 631632 .
. 588 ., ,

(, 2004: 381; .:
2006: 5), 589591 .
.
.
598 .,

( 1996: 188192 (VII.
79); 1962: 140).


, , , (),
,
(
1991: 112), , .
,



, , , ,

, .
, , ,
, , , .
, VI .
, (dux, ) ,
,

( 2000: 62; 2013: 334338).
,

. ,

( )
( 1911: 154, sec. 2). , , ,
( 2004: 532;
2004: 381).

, , ,
, , , ,

,
, ,
( 1894: 567662; 1895:
5661, 64; 1896: 98; 1901: 6, 7; Feissel
1987: 219220; 2004: 379381).
11 , 15- 537 ., 547/548 562/563 ,
I, ,
.
-

116

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

,
, , . ,
I ,

(, ), , ( 2004:
520530).

, , II
(565578 .) ( 1906: 122123,
37; 1959: 6768;
1986: 213214, 4; 1994: 560,
. 45). ,

II,
, 575/576 .
. , 575 .
, .
,
,
, ,
,
, , , ,
. ,
, ,
,
, .
1927 .
, VI . ( 2001: 107108, 4).
40 ,
(XVII), -

( 1905 : 3637;
- 1907: 112).
, , IVV .
, , I, , , , . ,
,
. , ,
, , 563 .,
,


,
, - ,
, , , ,
.
590 ., . .
1803 . - ,
, ,
, (
)
, ,
(, , ) ,
( ) ( 1894:
662672; 1896: 105109, 99). ,
, VI .
, ,
(
1998: 245).
,
, , , , , ,
.
(Ruggendorfer 1996: 213223), -

Stratum plus

VIVII .

117

6. 2014

. , , , , ,
( ) , , . ,
, , ,
, .
I (518527), I (527565), ,
- .

, ,
,

, , ,
, ( ), VI
VII . ,
cursus dignitatum (Bury
1911: 2324; 1896: 670; Ostrogorsky
1936: 4161; Durliat 1979: 306320; Kadan
1991: 659). , ,
( 2005: 119; Winkelmann 1985: 39).
, .

.

. , ,
,
,
(Synesii 1863: 13921393, 1400).
,
VI VII . ()
2000 3000 ,

, (magister militum), ,
, ,
(), (Das Strategikon des Mauricius 1981: I.
34; Durliat 1979: 307 sq.). VI . . , (Ioannis Malalae 1831: 339, 9).

( )
( ), ,
(Ioannis
Malalae 1831: 381, 5; 382, 1516; 429, 17).
,
, , . ,

(Durliat 1979: 312).
, ,
, ()
,
.
() ( 2005: 109115; Miller
1969: 128). ,
VI VII . (
1991: 206, 14, 15; 1996: 193194, . 4).
, . , ,
, ,
tribunus civitatis, VI .

,
(Grosse 1920: 148).

, , ,
( ), ,
,
, ,

118

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

, , , , (
2005: 117, 152; 2001: 74, 75).
,
- , ,
, .
I
(Jones
1964: 282283, 567). ,
,
II (565578) () , , ,
, ,
( 1906: 121123, 37;
1986: 213214). , ,
, ,
, , ( 2004: 2829, . 29, 31).

( ),

, , ,
, -, , , (
, ),

, , ,
(,
1998: 123124).
,

VI . , , , -

,
. ,
, . , ,
, , , , ,

VI VII .
,
,
(
. 2009: 206207; 2010: 152164;
2013: 310326). , , 20 ,
( 2004:
435).
,
.
. , , VII . ,
.
, , (, )
, ,
- , , ( 1980: 156, 164;
1990: 68; 1999: 226).
,
,
, , , , (Lefort 1983: 100; Gregory 1992:
252253; Dunn 1994: 6080; Haldon 1999:
1218; 2002: 2122; 2004:
240245, 246247).
(), (
2010: 169170), -

Stratum plus

VIVII .

119

6. 2014

( ) ,
[]

1
( 1906: 163, . 5) . ,
CC
,
.
.
, ,

2
. . .
.
, , .
. ,
, , , , C
( ).
, ,
, .
:
, , II, VII .
, , ,

,
(602610).
, . .

, .

VII .
. ,

1
. . ,
.
2
. . .

, . . , VII .
(
), ,
,
. ,
(610641) ( 2008: 200216;
2013: 334338; 2011: 3750).

, , ,
,
-,
, ( 1994: 32;
2002: 148).
VII . , , (
).

VII .
(
2004: 569; 2011:
3750), VII , , ,
- ,
. ,
,
,

30- 40- . IX .,
-
(Treadgold 1997: 376, 443, map 11;
2013: 337338). , II
710 .,
, , VII .
- ,

120

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

- ,
, ,

:
, ,

( 180: 156, 164).
VI .
()
( ), ,
560 . I (Procopii Caesariensis 1964: III,
7, 1317). , , (
) , ,
- ,
,
,
- ( 1979: 106113; ,
1998: 121; 2001: 261263; .:
1991: 6970). , , ,
,
,
: .
, ,
-, 200 , ,
, -,

, , , , ,
, , ,
(Procopii Caesariensis 1964: III,
7, 11; . 1995: 64; 2000:
96). ,
, , , , , (Kazhdan 1995: 213;
2004: 247248).

(.: 2003: 3940).
. , - ,
( 2004: 125).
, , ,
, 50- . VI . , ,
.
- : , , , .
, , II (565578)
II (578582), ,

. , , , , ,
, , .
,
,
, , , ,
,
, , , , .


,
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
-
, -
,
50- 60- ., ,

Stratum plus

VIVII .

121

6. 2014

,
( 1918: 7475; 1918:
1819, . 1; 1953: 386;
1959: 197; 2001: 7071;
2006: 68, 69), II
( 574 .). , , 527541 .
- ( VI .), , , ,
,
, , , ,
(
2002: 338). I

, ,
60- . VI .
(.: 2002: 275).
, , , ,
VI ., ,
, ,
, , , , .
, ,
,
.
, VI .,
- (-, , ) ( . -,
, , -, )
- .

. ,

, Limes
Tauricus, ( 1908:
8, 9; 1927: 182; 1932:
136137; Vasiliev 1936: 7273;
1953: 324; 1959: 2627;
1997: 3334; .: 1961: 254255;
1998: 41; 2002: 253262;
2004: 4142; 2010: 175294). ,
. , ,
, , , .
, ,
, ,
, ,
( 1982: 163; 1984:
4950; 1999: 3435).
,
-
,
(,
2003: 3537). ,
,
,
, , , , , ,
,
. , , ,
, (, 1998:
121; 1999: 35).
,
,
( 2000:
5260). , , ,

,

122

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

( 2002: 301, .78, . 19;

302, . 20; 1983: 3536).

,

-
,
, , ,

(, 1992: 190191).
, ,
, . ,

, , (.:
1997: 12). , , ,
,
,
(
1997: 33). ,
, , , ,
() ,
. .
, , : .
, , .

. , , VIII ., - , ,
.
, ,
-
, (), , ,

(), VIVII .
,
3000 (Procopii Caesariensis 1964:
III, 7, 1314; 1991: 111;
1999: 119120).
, .
, , 70- . VI . (Treadgold
1997: 251).
(.: 1912:
209210). ,
- , ,
, , , ,

(Stein 1919: 140).
530 . milites , (Codex Iustinianus 1895: IV, 65, 35).

, -, - , ( 1999: 148).
,
,
,
VVII . (
2006: 69). - ,
, ( 1995: 5859;
, 2003: 2734).
, ,
, ,
(
2006: 321322).
-
, .
. , , , , , , ,
, -

Stratum plus

VIVII .

123

6. 2014

, , , , VI VII .,

, ,
(c.: 1959:
171189).
, , . , -, ,

(
1959: 4445; 2001: 322323).
,
- . .
, . , , ,
IVVI . .
, , , . ,
-
.
, , , , ( fuls , ( 1958: 261)),
.
.
, - , ,
, ,
,
, VI .
. , , .
, , ,

VII ., , -

,
(, 2001:
9192).
VII .
( 2003: 18).
-
,
. VIII .
, (Oikonomides
1972: 312). , , ,
,
.
, , . ,
, , , ,
. 29 ,
, 1,2 ( 1974: 70; 1996:
105). 2,5 , ,

, ,
, (, 1972: 261).
, , , ,
()
,
, , , - . VI . 60 000 ( 1979: 109).
6000 .
,
,
- .

590 . , 590602 . ( 1999: 147,

124

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

7). , -, , , ,
.
19 , VI VII .
, , , , 1015
( . 2003: 66, 6971).
2005 .
. .
IX .,


(18,0 6,60 , 118,8 2)
31, 22 23 2 ( 2008:
167173). ,


, I ,
, 471 .,
. , , ,
(sacra palatia vel praetoria), ,

,
(inhabitare) , () .
( ) (speciebus)
, ( 2004: 418).
(iudex, iudicans),
, , , .
, ,
, , , . , -

IVV . (,
1998: 119120), .
VI VII . , ,
, ( ...
),
( .
1995: 98, 107; 100, 110; 104, 119, 120).
. .
, 586 . 597 ., , , ,
( ),
,
,
,
(Lemerle 1979: 136, 1920;
. 1995: 106. 9799,
124).
VI .
( ),
,
(Theophanis Chronographia 1883: 274).
, ,
exercitus VII ., ,
,
640- ., , ,
,
(De Liber Pontificalis 1886: 328).
, , 60007000 (
1998: 347348),
(1 : 6
). ,


( 1989: 254255,
. 53, 147156).
,

Stratum plus

VIVII .

125

6. 2014

( , . .) []
( )
( )
( 1989: 254255,
. 53, 156158). , ,
. , , VI
VII . ( 1995: 260 (VI),
. 123). 3000 .
,
20004000 ( 1975:
82; Oikonomides 1996: 105125). .
- , , , . , 15002000
(Oikonomides 1996: 108119).
,
,
.
-

. ,
-, . , , VI ., , II,
, , , , , ,
,
,
, , ,
, . -,
-, , ,
, , (.:
2003: 257). ,
, VI VII .,
- ,
, .

. . 1990.
. I, 3689.
. . 1999. . : .
. . 2006.
VI . VII .
. Oikos. , 56.
. . 1999.

19971998. , 138160.
. . 1981. V VIII .
. : ,
836.
. . 1995. - . IVVII . IV, 5472.
. . 1974. XIV
. .
. : , 6774.
. . 1996. - . . 7, 101109.

. ., . . 1972. . 1969 .
4. , 258264.
. . 1936. . : .
. . 1962. . :
.
. . 1994. ( VIIX .): . .
. . . : .
. . 1905. . . -:
. . .
. . 1959. ( 1951 1953 ). 5,169190.
. . 2001. .
. : .
. . 1927. II. 5,
70196.
. . 2001. . ANAXARSIS. . . . 11, 6773.
. . 2004. -

126

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

. . . 63
(88), 2533.
. . 2002. (VXIV .). , 12, 334340.
. . 2002.
. . : 34 (4546), 253262.
. 2003. . . -
. . . 56, 3644.
. . 2004. VI .
- (-).
, , . II . .
. 2. ; : , 4048.
. . 2010. : IV VII .
: .
. . 1979. IXX . : .
. . 1984. ( ). ,

. .
, 8687.
. . 1997. . . . , 3235.
. . 2001. . . 32, 258266.
. . 2003. : . : . . (. .). . XI
. :
, 1718.
. . 2006.
- .
VII .
. Oikos. , 6769.
. ., . . 2001. -. .
. :
, , 9192.
. ., . . 1992. -. . : , 186194.
. 2005. . :
.
. . 2002. VII
IX .: . . . . . . : .
. . 2001. . VIII, 96122.
. . 1967. . : .
. . 2004. V
(741775), . . ; : ,
431438.

. . 1958. . : .
. 2002. . IX,
272281.
. . 1998.
. 29, 242251.
. . 2004. (VIXII .). . . .
(). : . -.
. . 2000. .
(2), 5260.
. ., . . 1998.
VVI .: . 9, 118132.
. . 1984. VI .
. 45, 3654.
. 1960. . Getica.
. ., ., . . . . : .
. . 2004.
. . ; : , 168179.
- . . 1907.
1905 . 25,
87134.
. . 1896. VI . 3, 418.
. . 1898.
VIII . 3 (1), 172181.
. . 1906. .
. : - . . .
. . 1912. . . 1. :
-. . . .
. . 1975.
IXX . ( ). 12,
7684.
. . 2002. De
castrametatione. . . . . 61 (86),
294308.
. 1911. . 2, 148156.
. . 1894. . 1 (34), 567672.
. . 1895. ,
. 17, 3278.
. . 1896. . .
. . 1901.
. 1, 314.
. . 1906.
. 18, 94138.
. 1918.
. 65, 426.
. . 2002.
. . :
, 144156.
. . 2003. . ; : .
1860:
. 1860. . . ,
. . . .
-, 361482.
. 2004.
( -

Stratum plus

VIVII .

127

6. 2014

). Civitas DivinoHumana. . . :
, 238254.
. . 2000. .
. : ,
86164.
. 2009: . ., . .,
. ., . . 2009.
. :
.
. 1995. :
2. : , 327330.
. . 1991. XXV . :
.
. . 1984. . . . . . . : .
. ., . . 2003. . : .
, 3438.
. 1998. .
. .
. 1982. VX . : .
1905 :
. . 14.
. . 1906. . 18, 158165.
. . 1990. . : .
. . 1986. . : .
1918: . 1918. .
.
19131915 . , 6389.
. 1950. . . .
. . . : .
. . 1932. - 19281929 . 12,
116169.
. . 1999. . . . . . . : .
. . 2004. . ., , . . . . . 1:
364491 . : .
. . 1991.
.
II, 106119.
. . 1991. VI
IX . . 52, 198210.
. . 1996. . . 26,
187196.
. . 1986. . 47, 202218.
. . 1998. IVIX : . : .
. . 2008.
. 3. ; :
, 200216.
. . 2008. IX .
. : . ., . . (. .). .
. : . -,
167173.

. . 2013. . : . .
. (.). . .
. : -, 334338.
. . 2013. (
VI .).
. . 1. ; : .
. 2003: . ., . ., . . 2003. .
: .
. . 1961. .
19, 251264.
. . 1953. . 34, 369398.
. . 1953. - . 34, 309368.
. . 1959. VI . : .
. . 1989. . : .., .., .. (.).
. . 2.
VII XII . : , 236264.
. ., . . 2003.

-. : . : -,
2734.
. 1860. .
. . , . . . . -, 483496.
. 1995. 2. . . . ,
. . , . . . :
, 259264.
. 1996. . . . . . : .
. . 1997. : . .
. . 1979. . 40, 106113.
. . 2006.
-
VIVII . VII .
. Oikos. : - ,
321322.
2004: I . . . VI . . .
. 2004. : .
. . 2000. IVVI . (1), 5764.
. . 2004.
VI . V .
. . : - , 379381.
. . 2011.
. 70 (95), 3750.
. 1994.
IV . IV, 556564.
. . 1980. : ,
. , , . : .
. . 1995. : . .,
. ., . . (.). -

128

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

2. :
, 95107.
. ., . . 2004. . .
; : , 378384.
. . 2005. . : . . (.). Albo dies notanda
lapillo; . . . : , 109115.
. . 1908.
VIX .. (3). .
. . 1954. . 21, 148165.
. . 1959. .
63.
. . 1964. . . ;
: .
. . 1983. .
: .
Bortoli A., Kazanski M. 2002. Cherson and Its Region.
In: Laiou A. E. (ed.). The Economic History of
Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth
Century. Washington D. C., 659665.
Bury J. B. 1911. The Imperial Administrative System in the
Ninth Century with a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philothees. London: Oxford University
Press.
Codex Iustinianus 1895: Corpus juris civilis. 1895. Vol. 2.
(Rec. P. Krueger). Berolini: Apud Weidmannos.
Das Strategikon des Mauricius. 1981. Dennis G. T., Gamillscheg E. (eds.). Wien: sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
De Liber Pontificalis. 1886. Texte, introd. et comment. par
labb L. Duchesne (1). Paris: E. Thorin.
Dunn A. 1994. The Transition from polis to kastron in the
Balkans (IIIVII cc.): General and Regional Perspectives. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 18,
6080.
Durliat J. 1979. Magister militum Stratelates dans lEmpire Byzantin (VIeVIIe sicles). Byzantinische
Zeitschrift 72, 306320.
Feissel D. 1987. Nouvelles donnes sur linstitution du pater
tes poleos. In: Dagron G., Feissel D. Inscriptions de
Cilicie. Paris, 216228.
Haldon J. 1999. The Idea of the Town in the Byzantine Empire. In: Brogiolo G., Ward-Perkins (eds.). The Idea
and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the
Early Middle Ages. Leiden; Boston; Kln, 1218.
Gregory T. 1992. Kastro and Diateichisma as Responses to
Early Byzantine Frontier Collapse. Byzantion 62,
249262.
Grosse R. 1920. Rmische Militrgeschichte von Gallienus
bis zum Beginn der byzantinischen Themenverfassung. Berlin: Arno Press.
Ioannis Malalae 1831. Chronographia ex rec. L. Dindorfii.

Bonnae: Weber.
Jones A. H. M. 1964. The Later Roman Empire. 284602:
A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey.
3 vols. In: Heichelheim F. M. (ed.). Journal of Roman Studies 55. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Kadan A. 1991. Doux. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 1. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press,
659.
Kazhdan A. 1995. Byzantine Town and Trade as Seen by Niketas Choniates. Byzantinoslavica 56/1, 207218.
Lefort J. 1983. Villages de Macedoine 1. La Chalcidique occidentale. Paris: Boccard.
Lemerle P. 1979. Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de
Saint Demetrius et la pntration des Slaves dans les
Balkans 1. Le Texte. Paris: CNRS.
Menandr 1871: Menandri Fragmenta. 1871. In: Dindorf L.
(ed.). Historici graeci minores (2). Lipsiae: Teubner,
1118.
Miller D.A. 1969. Imperial Constantinople. New York:
J. Willey and sons.
Moravcsik Gy. 1958. Byzantinoturcica 2. Berlin: Akademie
Verlag.
Oikonomides N. 1972. Les listes de prsance byzantines
des IXe et Xe sicles. Paris: CNRS.
Oikonomides N. 1996. The Social Structure of the Byzantine Countryside in the First Half of the Xth Century.
Symmeikta (10). Athena, 105125.
Ostrogorsky G. 1936. Die byzantinische Staatenhierarchie. Seminarium Kondakovianum (8). Praha,
4161.
Procopii Caesariensis 1964: Procopii Caesariensis Opera
omnia. 1964. Rec. J. Haury, G. Wirth. 4: Peri Ktismaton libri VI sive de aedificiis. Lipsiae: Teubner.
Ruggendorfer P. 1996. Zum Kaisareion von Alexandria.
FREMDE ZEITEN. Festschrift fr Jrgen Borchhardt zum sechzigsten Geburtstag am 25. Februar 1996 dargebracht von Kollegen, Schlern und
Freunden 2. Wien, 213223.
Stein E. 1919. Studien zur Geschichte des byzantinischen Reiches vornehmlich unter den Kaisern Justinus II und
Tiberius Constantinus. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Synesii 1863: Synesii episcopi Cyrenes. 1863. Opera quae
extant omnia. Ed. et interpreteter D. Petavio. Patrologiae cursus completus. Series graeca, accurente
J. P. Migne. Patrologia graeca 66, 12101674.
Theophylacti Simocattae 1834: Theophylacti Simocattae
historiarum libri octo 1834. Rec. I. Bekkeri. Bonnae: Weber.
Theophanis Chronographia 1883. Rec. C. de Boor. Vol.1:
Textum graecum continens. Lipsiae: Teubner.
Treadgold W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford: Calif.
Vasiliev A.A. 1936. The Goths in the Crimea. Cambridge
(Mass.): The Mediaeval Academy of America.
Winkelmann F. 1985. Byzantinische Rang- und Amterstruktur im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Akadem.
Verlag.

References
Aibabin, A. I. 1990. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii
Tavrii (Materials on Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) I, 3689 (in Russian).
Aibabin, A. I. 1999. Etnicheskaia istoriia rannevizantiiskogo Kryma
(Ethnical History of Early Byzantine Crimea). Simferopol:
Dar Publ. (in Russian).
Aibabin, A. I. 2006. In VII Bosporskie chteniia. Bospor Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i srednevekovia.
Oikos (7th Bosporan Readings. Cimmerian Bosporus and
Barbarian World in Antiquity and Middle Ages. Oikos).
Kerch, 56 (in Russian).

Alekseenko, N.A. 1999. In Drevnosti 19971998 (Antiquities

19971998). Kharkov, 138160 (in Russian).
Ambroz, A. K. 1981. In Stepi Evrazii v epokhu srednevekovia (Eurasian Steppes in the Middle Ages). Moscow: Nauka
Publ., 836 (in Russian).
Ambroz, A. K. 1995. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii
Tavrii (Proceedings on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) IV, 5472 (in Russian).
Antonova, I.A. 1974. In Khersones Tavricheskii. Remeslo i kultura
(Tauric Chersonese. Craft and Culture). Kiev: Naukova
dumka Publ., 6774 (in Russian).

Stratum plus

VIVII .

129

6. 2014
Antonova, I.A. 1996. In Khersonesskii sbornik (Chersonessos Collected Works) 7, 101109 (in Russian).
Antonova, I.A., Ryzhov, S. H. 1972. In Arkheologichni doslidzhennya v Ukrani v 1969 g. (Archaeological Investigations in
Ukraine in 1969). 4. Kiev, 258264 (in Ukrainian).
Artamonov, M. I. 1936. Ocherki drevneishei istorii khazar (Sketches
on the Earliest History of Khazars). Leningrad: Academy
of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Artamonov, M. I. 1962. Istoriia khazar (The History of Khazars).
Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Baranov, I.A. 1994. Tavrika v sostave Khazarskogo kaganata (seredina VIIX vv.) (Taurica as Part of Khazarian Khaganate
(Middle of 7th 10th cc.)): Dokt. diss. Kiev: Archaeology Institute of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences (in
Russian).
Bobrinskii, A.A. 1905. Khersones Tavricheskii. Istoricheskii ocherk
(Tauric Chersonese. Historical Essay). Saint Petersburg:
I. N. Skorokhodov Publ. (in Russian).
Borisova, V. V. 1959. In Khersonesskii sbornik (Chersonessos Collected Works) 5,169190 (in Russian).
Borodin, O. R. 2001. Ravennskii ekzarkhat. Vizantiitsy v Italii (Exarchate of Ravenna. The Byzantians in Italy). Moscow:
Aleteia Publ. (in Russian).
Vasilev, A.A. 1927. In Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi Akademii istorii
materialnoi kultury (Reports of the State Academy for the
History of Material Culture) 5, 70196 (in Russian).
Vinogradov, A. Iu. 2001. In ANAXARSIS. Pamiati Iu. G. Vinogradova. (ANAXARSIS. In memory of Yu. G. Vinogradov).
Khersonesskii sbornik (Chersonessos Collected Works) 11,
6773 (in Russian).
Voitenko, A.A. 2004. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook)
63 (88), 2533 (in Russian).
Voronov, Iu. N. 2002. In Problemy istorii, filologii i kultury (Problems of History, Philology and Culture) 12, 334340 (in
Russian).
Vus, O. V. 2002. In Narodoznavchi zoshyty: Instytut narodoznavstva
NANU (Ethnological Notebooks: Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnology) 34 (4546),
253262 (in Ukrainian).
Vus, O. 2003. In Lvivskyj nats. un-t im. I. Franka. Naukovy zoshyty istorychnoho fakultetu (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Academic Notebooks of History Faculty) 56,
3644 (in Ukrainian).
Vus, O. V. 2004. In Prychernomore, Krym, Rus v ystoryy y kulture
(Pontic Area, Crimea, Rus in History and Culture) 2.
Kiev; Sudak: Akademperyodyka Publ., 4048 (in
Ukrainian).
Vus, O. V. 2010. Oboronna doktryna Vizanti u Pivnychnomu
Prychornomor: Inzhenernyj zakhyst Tavryky ta Bospora v kintsi IV na pochatku VII st. (Defense Doctrine of
Byzantium in Northern Pontic Area: Engineering Defense
of Taurica and Bosporus in late 4th early 7th cc.). Lvov:
Triada Plyus Publ. (in Ukrainian).
Gadlo, A. V. 1979. Etnicheskaia istoriia Severnogo Kavkaza IXX vv. (Ethnic History of Northern Caucasus in 9th
10th cc.). Leningrad: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G. 1984. In Dushetskaia nauchnaia konferentsiia, posviashchennaia probleme vzaimootnoshenii mezhdu gornymi i ravninnymi regionami (Dusheti Conference Dedicated
to the Interaction between Mountains and Valley Regions).
Tbilisi, 8687 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G. 1997. In Vizantiia i Krym. Mezhdunarodnaia konferentsiia (Byzantine Empire and Crimea. International Conference). Simferopol, 3235 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G. 2001. In Antichnaia drevnost i srednie veka (Antiquity and Middle Ages) 32, 258266 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G. 2003. In Kumuliatsiia i transliatsiia vizantiiskoi
kultury. Materialy XI Nauchnykh Siuziumovskikh chtenii
(Cumulation and Translation of Byzantine Culture. Proceedings of the XI Academic Syuzyumov Readings). Yekaterinburg: Ural State University, 1718 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G. 2006. In VII Bosporskie chteniia. Bospor Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i srednevekovia.
Oikos (7th Bosporan Readings. Cimmerian Bosporus and
Barbarian World in Antiquity and Middle Ages. Oikos).
Kerch, 6769 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G., Alekseenko, N.A. 2001. In Problemy istorii i arkhe-

ologii Ukrainy: materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi

konferentsii (Problems of History and Archaeology of
Ukraine: Materials of the International Scientific Conference). Kharkov: Kharkov National University V. N. Karazin, 9192 (in Russian).
Gertsen, A. G., Mogarichev, Iu. M. 1992. In Problema istorii peshchernykh gorodov v Krymu (History of cave towns in the
Crimea). Simferopol: Tavriia Publ., 186194 (in Russian).
Guillou, A. 2005. Vizantiiskaia tsivilizatsiia (Byzantine Civilization).
Yekaterinburg: Ural State University (in Russian).
Gogolev, D.A. 2002. Goroda i kreposti Vizantii v VII pervoi
polovine IX v.: evoliutsiia i funktsii (Cities and Fortresses
of Byzantium in 7th First Half of 9th cc.: Evolution and
Functions). PhD Thesis. Tyumen: Tyumen State University (in Russian).
Golofast, L.A. 2001. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii
Tavrii (Proceedings on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) VIII, 96122 (in Russian).
Gumilev, L. N. 1967. Drevnie tiurki (Ancient Turks). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Guruleva, V. V. 2004. In Sugdeiskii sbornik (Sugdaia Collected
Works). Kiev; Sudak: Akademperiodika, 431438 (in
Russian).
Gukhman, M. M. 1958. Gotskii iazyk (The Gothic Language). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Daim, F. 2002. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii
(Proceedings on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) IX, 272281 (in Russian).
Zalesskaia, V. N. 1998. In Antichnaia drevnost i srednie veka (Antiquity and Middle Ages) 29, 242251 (in Russian).
Zelenko, S. M. 2004. Torhovelne sudnoplavstvo serednovichno
Tavryky (VIXII st.) (Commercial Navigation in Medieval
Taurica (6th 12th cc.)). PhD Thesis. Kiev: Kiev National
University (in Ukrainian).
Zubar, V. M. 2000. In Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia (Russian Archaeology) (2), 5260 (in Russian).
Zubar, V. M., Sorochan, S. B. 1998. In Khersonesskii sbornik (Chersonessos Collected Works) 9, 118132 (in Russian).
Ivanov, S.A. 1984. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook) 45, 3654 (in Russian).
Jordanes. 1960. O proiskhozhdenii i deianiiakh Getov. Getica (De
origine actibusque Getarum. Getica). Moscow: Academy
of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Komar, A. V. 2004. In Sugdeiskii sbornik (Sugdaia Collected Works).
Kiev; Sudak: Akademperiodika Publ., 168179 (in
Russian).
Kostsiushko-Valiuzhinich, K. K. 1907. In Izvestiia Imperatorskoi
arkheologicheskoi komissii (Proceedings of the Imperial
Archaeological Commission) 25, 87134 (in Russian).
Kulakovskii, Iu.A. 1896. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook) 3, 418 (in Russian).
Kulakovskii, Iu.A. 1898. In Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniia (Journal of the Ministry of Popular Education) 3 (1), 172181 (in Russian).
Kulakovskii, Iu.A. 1906. Proshloe Tavridy. Kratkii istoricheskii
ocherk (The Past of Taurida. Brief Historical Essay). Kiev:
I. N. Kushnerev i K Publ. (in Russian).
Kulakovskii, Iu.A. 1912. Istoriia Vizantii (History of Byzantium) 1.
Kiev: S. V. Kulzhenko Publ. (in Russian).
Kuchma, V. V. 1975. In Antichnaia drevnost i srednie veka (Antiquity and Middle Ages) 12, 7684 (in Russian).
Kuchma, V. V. 2002. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook)
61 (86), 294308 (in Russian).
Lavrov, P. 1911. In Pamiatniki khristianskogo Khersonesa (Sites of
Christian Chersonesos) 2, 148156 (in Russian).
Latyshev, V. V. 1894. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook)
1 (34), 567672 (in Russian).
Latyshev, V. V. 1895. In Materialy po arkheologii Rossii (Proceedings for the Archaeology of Russia) 17, 3278 (in Russian).
Latyshev, V. V. 1896. Sbornik grecheskikh nadpisei khristianskikh vremen iz iuzhnoi Rossii (A Collection of Greek Inscriptions from Christian Times Found in Southern Russia). Saint Petersburg (in Russian).
Latyshev, V. V. 1901. In Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi
komissii (Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological
Commission) 1, 314 (in Russian).

130

. .

Stratum plus
6. 2014

Latyshev, V. V. 1906. In Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi

komissii (Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological
Commission) 18, 94138 (in Russian).
Latyshev, V. V. 1918. In Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi
komissii (Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological
Commission) 65, 426 (in Russian).
Maiko, V. V. 2002. In Tserkovnaia arkheologiia Iuzhnoi Rusi
(Church Archaeology of Southern Rus). Simferopol: Tavriia Publ., 144156 (in Russian).
Maslennikov, A.A. 2003. Drevnie zemlianye pogranichnooboronitelnye sooruzheniia Vostochnogo Kryma (Ancient Earth Frontier and Defensive Structures in the East
Crimea). Moscow; Tula: Grif I K Publ. (in Russian).
Menandra Vizantiitsa prodolzhenie istorii Agafievoi (History of
Menander the Guardsman). 1860. In Vizantiiskie istoriki
(Byzantine Historians). Saint Petersburg, 361482 (in
Russian).
Milanova, A. 2004. In Civitas Divino-Humana. Sofia: Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, 238254 (in Bulgarian).
Mogarichev, Iu. M. 2000. In Drevnii i srednevekovyi Krym (Ancient
and Medieval Crimea). Simferopol: Tavriia, 86164 (in
Russian).
Mogarichev, Iu. M., Sazanov, A. V., Stepanova, E. V., Shaposhnikov,
A. K. 2009. Zhitie Stefana Surozhskogo v kontekste istorii
Kryma ikonoborcheskogo vremeni (The Life of Stephan
of Surozh in the Context of the Iconoclastic Time in the
Crimean History). Simferopol: AntikvA Publ. (in Russian).
Monemvasiiskaia khronika (Chronicle of Monemvasia). 1995. In
Svod drevneishikh pismennykh izvestii o slavianakh (Collection of the Earliest Written Accounts on the Slavs) 2.
Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura Publ., 327330 (in
Russian).
Myts, V. L. 1991. Ukrepleniia Tavriki XXV vv. (Fortifications of
Taurica in the 10th 15th Centuries). Kiev: Naukova dumka Publ. (in Russian).
Nikolaeva, E. Ia. 1984. Bospor posle gunnskogo nashestviia (Bosporus after the Huns Invasion). PhD Thesis. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Archaeology (in
Russian).
Novichenkov, V. I., Novichenkova, N. G. 2003. In Vostok Zapad:
mezhkonfessionalnyi dialog (East West: Inter-Confessional Dialog). Sevastopol, 3438 (in Russian).
Obolenskii, D. 1998. Vizantiiskoe sodruzhestvo natsii. Shest vizantiiskikh portretov (Byzantine Commonwealth. Six Byzantine
Portraits). Moscow (in Russian).
Ovcharov, D. 1982. Vizantijski i blgarski kreposti VX v. (Byzantine and Bulgarian Fortresses of 5th 10th cc.). Sofia:
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (in Bulgarian).
Otchet za 1905 god (Report for 1905). Archive of the National Preserve of Tauric Chersonesos. Dossier 14 (in Russian).
Panchenko, B.A. 1906. In Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi
komissii (Proceedings of the Imperial Archaeological
Commission) 18, 158165 (in Russian).
Pioro, I. S. 1990. Krymskaia Gotiia (Crimean Gothia). Kiev: Naukova dumka Publ. (in Russian).
Pletneva, S.A. 1986. Khazary (Khazars). Moscow: Nauka Publ.
(in Russian).
Proizvodstvo arkheologicheskikh raskopok. 1918. In Otchety Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi komissii za 19131915 gody
(Reports of the Imperial Archaeological Commission for
19131915). Petrograd, 6389 (in Russian).
Procopius of Caesarea. 1950. Voina s gotami (Gothic War). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Repnikov, N. I. 1932. In Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi Akademii istorii
materialnoi kultury (Reports of the State Academy for the
History of Material Culture) 12, 116169 (in Russian).
Sazanov, A. V. 1999. Goroda i poseleniia Severnogo Prichernomoria
rannevizantiiskogo vremeni (Towns and Settlements of
Northern Pontic Region in the Early Byzantine Period).
Doct. Diss. Moscow: Moscow State University (in Russian).
Serov, V. V. 2004. Zakonodatelnye pamiatniki administrativnoi i
finansovoi politiki rannei Vizantii (Legislative Sources of
Administrative and Financial Politics of the Early Byzantium). Part 1: Period 364491 gg. (Period of 364491).
Barnaul: Azbuka Publ. (in Russian).
Sidorenko, V.A. 1991. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i et-

nografii Tavrii (Proceedings on the Archaeology, History

and Ethnography of Tauria) II, 106119 (in Russian).
Sokolova, I. V. 1991. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook)
52, 198210 (in Russian).
Sokolova, I. V. 1996. In Vizantiia i srednevekovyi Krym. Antichnaia
drevnost i srednie veka (Antiquity and Middle Ages) 26,
187196 (in Russian).
Solomonik, E. I. 1986. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook) 47, 202218 (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B. 1998. Vizantiia IVIX vekov: etiudy rynka (Byzantium of 4th 9th cc.: Market Etudes). Kharkov: Biznes Inform Publ. (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B. 2008. In Sugdeiskii sbornik (Sugdaia Collected
Works) 3. Kiev; Sudak: Akademperiodika Publ.,
200216 (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B. 2008. In . Sbornik statei v chest Vladimira Vasilevicha Kuchmy (. Collection of Papers in Honor of Vladimir Vasilevich Kuchma). Armavir:
Armavir State Pedagogical University, 167173 (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B. 2013. In Bosporskii fenomen. Greki i varvary na
evraziiskom perekrestke (The Phenomenon of Bosporan Kingdom. Greeks and Barbarians on the Crossroads
of Eurasia). Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriia Publ.,
334338 (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B. 2013. Vizantiiskii Kherson (vtoraia polovina VI
pervaia polovina Kh vv.). Ocherki istorii i kultury (Byzantine Chersonessos (Second Half of 6th First Half of
10th cc.). Essays on History and Culture). Part 1. Kharkov;
Moscow: The Russian Foundation for Support to Education and Science (in Russian).
Sorochan, S. B., Zubar, V. M., Marchenko, L. V. 2003. Khersones
Kherson Korsun(Chersonesos Kherson Korsun).
Kiev: Stilos Publ. (in Russian).
Talis, D. L. 1961. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook) 19,
251264 (in Russian).
Tikhanova, M.A. 1953. In Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii
(Proceedings and Research in Archaeology) 34, 369398
(in Russian).
Tikhanova, M.A. 1953. In Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii
(Proceedings and Research in Archaeology) 34, 309368
(in Russian).
Udaltsova, Z. V. 1959. Italiia i Vizantiia v VI veke (Italy and Byzantium in 6th c.). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR
(in Russian).
Udaltsova, Z. V. 1989. In Kultura Vizantii (Culture of Byzantium).
Vol. 2. Vtoraia polovina VIIXII vv. (Second Half of 7th
12th cc.). Moscow: Nauka Publ., 236264 (in Russian).
Ushakov, S. V., Filippenko, A.A. 2003. In Vostok Zapad:
mezhkonfessionalnyi dialog (East West: Inter-Confessional Dialog). Sevastopol: Strizhak-Press Publ.,
2734 (in Russian).
Theophanes of Byzantium. 1860. In Vizantiiskie istoriki (Byzantine
Historians). Saint Petersburg, 483496 (in Russian).
Theophanes the Confessor. 1995. Svod dreVneishikh pismennykh izvestii o slavianakh (Collection of the Earliest Written Accounts on the Slavs) 2. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura
Publ., 259264 (in Russian).
Theophylact Simocatta. 1996. Istoriia (History). Moscow: Arktos
Publ. (in Russian).
Filippenko, V. F. 1997. Kalamita Inkerman: krepost i monastyr
(Kalamita Inkerman: Fortress and Monastery). Sevastopol (in Russian).
Firsov, L. V. 1979. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook)
40, 106113 (in Russian).
Khairedinova, E.A. 2006. In VII Bosporskie chteniia. Bospor
Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i
srednevekovia. Oikos (7th Bosporan Readings. Cimmerian
Bosporus and Barbarian World in Antiquity and Middle
Ages. Oikos). Kerch: Crimean Branch of the Institute for
Oriental Studies, NASU, 321322 (in Russian).
Khersones Tavricheskii v seredine I v. do n. e. VI v. n. e. Ocherki istorii i kultury (Tauric Chersonesos in the Middle 1st c.
BC 6th c. AD. Essays on History and Culture). 2004.
Kharkov: Maidan Publ. (in Russian).
Khrapunov, M. I. 2000. In Arkheolohiya (Archaeology) (1), 5764
(in Ukrainian).
Khrapunov, N. I. 2004. In V Bosporskie chteniia. Bospor Kimmeri-

Stratum plus

VIVII .

131

6. 2014
iskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i srednevekovia.
Etnicheskie protsessy (Bospor Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii
mir v period antichnosti i srednevekovia (5th Bosporan
Readings. Cimmerian Bosporus and Barbarian World in
Antiquity and Middle Ages. Ethnic Processes). Kerch:
Crimean Branch of the Institute for Oriental Studies,
NASU, 379381 (in Russian).
Khrapunov, N. I. 2011. In Vizantiiskii vremennik (Byzantine Yearbook) 70 (95), 3750 (in Russian).
Zuckerman, K. 1994. In Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii
Tavrii (Proceedings on the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) IV, 556564 (in Russian).
Chichurov, I. S. 1980. Vizantiiskie istoricheskie sochineniia: Khronografiia Feofana, Breviarii Nikifora. Teksty, perevod,
kommentarii. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).
Chudesa sv. Dimitriia Solunskogo (Miracles of Saint Demetrius of
Thessaloniki). 1995. In Svod drevneishikh pismennykh izvestii o slavianakh (Collection of the Earliest Written Accounts on the Slavs) 2. Moscow: Vostochnaia literatura,
95107 (in Russian).
Shabashov, A. V., Shabashova, M. N. 2004. In Sugdeiskii sbornik
(Sugdaia Collected Works). Kiev; Sudak: Akademperiodika Publ., 378384 (in Russian).
Shandrovskaia, V. S. 2005. In Albo dies notanda lapillo; kollegi i
ucheniki G. E. Lebedevoi (Albo dies notanda lapillo;
G. E. Lebedevas Colleagues and Disciples). Saint Petersburg: Aleteia Publ., 109115 (in Russian).
Shestakov, S. P. 1908. In Pamiatniki khristianskogo Khersonesa
(Monuments of Christian Chersonessos) (3). Moscow (in
Russian).
Yakobson, A. L. 1954. In Sovetskaia Arkheologiia (Soviet Archaeology) 21, 148165 (in Russian).
Yakobson, A. L. 1959. Rannesrednevekovyi Khersones (Early Medieval Chersonese). Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii (Proceedings and Researches in Archaeology) 63
(in Russian).
Yakobson, A. L. 1964. Srednevekovyi Krym. Ocherki istorii i istorii materialnoi kultury (The Medieval Crimea. Essays of
History and the History of Material Culture). Moscow;
Leningrad: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).
, . . 1983. . : .
Bortoli, A., Kazanski, M. 2002. Cherson and Its Region. In: Laiou
A. E. (ed.). The Economic History of Byzantium from the
Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. Washington D. C.,
659665.
Bury, J. B. 1911. The Imperial Administrative System in the Ninth
Century with a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of
Philothees. London: Oxford University Press.
Corpus juris civilis. 1895. Vol. 2. (Rec. P. Krueger). Berolini: Apud
Weidmannos.
Das Strategikon des Mauricius. 1981. Dennis G.T., Gamillscheg E.
(eds.). Wien: sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
De Liber Pontificalis. 1886. Texte, introd. et comment. par labb
L. Duchesne (1). Paris: E. Thorin.
Dunn, A. 1994. The Transition from polis to kastron in the Balkans
(IIIVII cc.): General and Regional Perspectives. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 18, 6080.
Durliat, J. 1979. Magister militum Stratelates dans lEmpire Byzantin (VIeVIIe sicles). Byzantinische Zeitschrift 72,
306320.
Feissel, D. 1987. Nouvelles donnes sur linstitution du pater tes

poleos. In: Dagron G., Feissel D. Inscriptions de Cilicie.

Paris, 216228.
Haldon, J. 1999. The Idea of the Town in the Byzantine Empire. In:
Brogiolo G., Ward-Perkins (eds.). The Idea and Ideal of the
Town Between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
Leiden; Boston; Kln, 1218.
Gregory, T. 1992. Kastro and Diateichisma as Responses to Early
Byzantine Frontier Collapse. Byzantion 62, 249262.
Grosse, R. 1920. Rmische Militrgeschichte von Gallienus bis zum
Beginn der byzantinischen Themenverfassung. Berlin:
Arno Press.
Ioannis Malalae 1831. Chronographia ex rec. L. Dindorfii. Bonnae:
Weber.
Jones, A. H. M. 1964. The Later Roman Empire. 284602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey. 3 vols. In: Heichelheim F. M. (ed.). Journal of Roman Studies 55. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Kadan, A. 1991. Doux. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 1.
New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 659.
Kazhdan, A. 1995. Byzantine Town and Trade as Seen by Niketas
Choniates. Byzantinoslavica 56/1, 207218.
Lefort, J. 1983. Villages de Macedoine 1. La Chalcidique occidentale. Paris: Boccard.
Lemerle, P. 1979. Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint
Demetrius et la pntration des Slaves dans les Balkans 1.
Le Texte. Paris: CNRS.
Menandri Fragmenta. 1871. In: Dindorf L. (ed.). Historici graeci
minores (2). Lipsiae: Teubner, 1118.
Miller, D.A. 1969. Imperial Constantinople. New York: J. Willey
and sons.
Moravcsik, Gy. 1958. Byzantinoturcica 2. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
Oikonomides, N. 1972. Les listes de prsance byzantines des IXe
et Xe sicles. Paris: CNRS.
Oikonomides, N. 1996. The Social Structure of the Byzantine Countryside in the First Half of the Xth Century. Symmeikta (10).
Athena, 105125.
Ostrogorsky, G. 1936. Die byzantinische Staatenhierarchie. Seminarium Kondakovianum (8). Praha, 4161.
Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia. 1964. Rec. J. Haury, G. Wirth. 4:
Peri Ktismaton libri VI sive de aedificiis. Lipsiae: Teubner.
Ruggendorfer, P. 1996. Zum Kaisareion von Alexandria. FREMDE
ZEITEN. Festschrift fr Jrgen Borchhardt zum sechzigsten Geburtstag am 25. Februar 1996 dargebracht von
Kollegen, Schlern und Freunden 2. Wien, 213223.
Stein, E. 1919. Studien zur Geschichte des byzantinischen Reiches vornehmlich unter den Kaisern Justinus II und Tiberius Constantinus. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Synesii episcopi Cyrenes. 1863. Opera quae extant omnia. Ed. et interpreteter D. Petavio. Patrologiae cursus completus. Series graeca, accurente J. P. Migne. Patrologia graeca 66,
12101674.
Theophylacti Simocattae historiarum libri octo 1834. Rec. I. Bekkeri. Bonnae: Weber.
Theophanis Chronographia 1883. Rec. C. de Boor. Vol.1: Textum
graecum continens. Lipsiae: Teubner.
Treadgold, W. 1997. A History of the Byzantine State and Society.
Stanford: Calif.
Vasiliev, A.A. 1936. The Goths in the Crimea. Cambridge (Mass.):
The Mediaeval Academy of America.
Winkelmann, F. 1985. Byzantinische Rang- und Amterstruktur im
8. und 9. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Akadem. Verlag.
4 2014 .

Sergej Sorochan (Kharkov, Ukraine). Doctor of Historical Sciences. V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University.1
Sergej Sorochan (Harkov, Ucraina). Doctor n tiine istorice. Universitatea naional din Harkov V. N. Karazin.
(, ). .
. . . .
E-mail: ssoro4an@yandex.ua
Address: 1 Svobody Sq., 4, Kharkov, 61022, Ukraine