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AGC expressly retains title and the worldwide copyright to the AGC Contractors Guide
to BIM. In making this guide available, AGC authorizes only personal or individual use of
same. AGC does not authorize the reproduction, sale, license or distribution of this guide, or
any other use that would be inconsistent with AGCs retained rights. Requests to use the AGC
Contractors Guide to BIM in any manner or for any purpose that AGC does not hereby
authorize should be made in writing and directed to AGCs General Counsel.
AGC is particularly proud of the cross-organizational effort put into the development
of this document. All AGC Occupational Divisions (Building, Federal & Heavy,
Highway & Transportation, and Municipal & Utilities) had representation on the
Task Force. In addition, subject matter experts from AGC Committees and Councils
including Contract Documents, Contractor Relations, Electronic Information Systems,
Risk Management, Specialty Contractors, and Surety Bonding participated in the
process. Individual contributions are acknowledged below.
Primary Authors & Task Force Leaders
Bill Ernstrom, Alberici Group, Inc.
David Hanson, Walbridge Aldinger Co.
Damian Hill, AGC of America
Joseph Jarboe, Clark Construction Group, LLC
Mike Kenig, Holder Construction Company
Doug Nies, Turner Construction Co.
Dan Russell, Sundt Construction, Inc.
Les Snyder III, Barton Malow Company
Tim Webster, Barton Malow Company
Contributing Authors & Editors
Jim Boone, Alberici Group, Inc.
Dirk Elsperman, Tarlton Corporation
Randy Foster, Foster & Company General Contractors, Inc.
Dirk Haire, Holland & Knight LLP
Marvin House, Merit Construction, Inc.
John Linenberg, Walbridge Aldinger Co.
Richard Lowe, Duane Morris, LLP
Dan OBrien, Current Electrical Construction Co.
Kevin Peartree, Ernstrom & Dreste LLP
Frederick Poppe, The Weitz Company
Joseph Stella, P.J. Stella Construction Corp.
John Tocci, Tocci Group
Troy Wagener, Stewart Sneed Hewes, Inc.
Guest Contributors
Christopher Holm, Walt Disney Imagineering
Mark McCallum, National Association of Surety Bond Producers
Special thanks to Emilie McClelland of Barton Malow Company for her excellent project
management and supervision.
Table of Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 2
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 30
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Foreword
The future of the design and construction industry is going to be driven by the use of
technology. The best example emerging today is the use of three-dimensional, intelligent
design information, commonly referred to as Building Information Modeling (BIM).
BIM is expected to drive the construction industry towards a Model Based process
and gradually move the industry away from a 2D Based process. This Model
Based process where buildings will be built virtually before they get built out in the
field is also referred to as Virtual Design and Construction (VDC). This guide is for
contractors who recognize this future is coming and are looking for a way to start
preparing themselves so that when the future arrives, they will be ready. This guide is
intended to help contractors understand how to get started.
What does getting started mean? It could mean finding a champion among your senior
company leadership to provide the encouragement and support that change requires.
It could mean educating yourself and your champion on what is happening and what
other contractors are already doing. It could mean getting your champion and a few
key people in your organization interested enough to at least start understanding what
the software tools are and what they can do. It could mean appreciating the difference
between receiving a 3D Design versus Converting a 2D Design into 3D. It could
mean either finding someone already on your payroll or hiring someone who is not
intimidated by the software, but actually enjoys using it! It could mean all of these
things or it could mean just understanding at a basic level what BIM and VDC stands
for, in which case you can stop here. If you are interested in doing more, AGC of
America would like to help and this guide is offered as a place to start.
Setting aside a couple of myths already spreading
Myth #1: BIM is only for large projects with complex geometries
Fact:
The benefits of using BIM on all projects, regardless of size and
shape, are being proven by contractors using BIM today.
Myth #2: BIM is only for large contractors who can afford the investment.
Fact:
The benefits of using BIM are being seen by contractors of all sizes.
The level of investment and commitment is scalable.
The fact is that the construction industry is already beginning to go through what many
predict will be a significant transformation. With all the press and related industry
discussions, it can start to feel overwhelming.
This guide was prepared, in large part, by contractors who were where you are now,
trying to sort it all out and determine where to start. Lessons based on their experiences
were used in preparing this guide. Though the process is evolving rapidly and the
guidance offered here may be become dated quickly, it is hoped that the basic framework
for how to get started will be useful to all contractors.
This guide is version number one, and as fast as this area is evolving, it is expected that
updates will be provided periodically.
Please let us know if it was useful to you...
the Collaboration Techniques Tools and Technologies (C3T)
Task Force of AGC of America.
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Those contractors who are using BIM will almost universally tell you that the number
of new benefits they continue to discover seems endless. There are so many processes
that we think of in the context of a 2D Based mindset. As we continue to shift to a
Model Based process, contractors continue to find innovative uses for their new tool
(for example, design phases going away).
Who should pay for the model? The most common question asked is, Whos receiving
the most benefit and therefore should bear the cost of developing the model? The
growing consensus is that everyone benefits and therefore everyone should bear some
of the cost. It is generally accepted that there is an initial cost and loss of productivity
while obtaining the necessary resources as firms go through the initial learning curve.
Contractors who have made it through this initial learning curve (on average between
6 and 18 months) experience the benefits, including improvements in productivity,
lower warranty costs, fewer field errors and corrections, etc. and for a period of time,
a competitive marketing advantage. These benefits offset the costs and over time may
actually reduce them.
2D Conversions versus 3D Designs (a factor throughout the guide) This issue is a
critical one for contractors, and is likely to remain until such time that the majority of
design firms are designing using 3D design software. Projects using BIM are either
designed in 3D or designed in 2D and converted into 3D. Since most of todays issues
are significantly affected by which of these two scenarios is applicable, this distinction
is made throughout this entire guide. (For example, answering the question about the
cost of the model is greatly affected by whether or not the design is being done in 2D
and someone has to invest the time in doing a conversion. If the design is done using
intelligent 3D design software, there is no conversion and the contractors ability to
start using the tool is immediate and much less expensive to the contractor.)
Overview of the Guide The guide addresses the following:
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Architectural
Model
Structural
Design
Structural
Model
Mechanical
Shop Drawings
Mechanical
Model
Plumbing
Shop Drawings
Plumbing
Model
Electrical
Shop Drawings
Electrical
Model
Other
Shop Drawings
Other
Model
BIM
(linked with
phasing,
sequencing,
construction
schedule)
Composite
Model
Subcontractors
Contractors Clash Detection,
Shop Drawing Review and Feedback Process
What does it mean to use BIM? What defines a project using BIM
BIM It is not
necessary to model the entire project to be using BIM on a project. In fact, many
contractors are involved in projects with intelligent models without realizing it. The
designer and/or some of the suppliers and specialty contractors may be using models
for their own benefit and not sharing the information with the other members of the
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BIM Tools
So you are ready to try out BIM but a number of questions arise: What tools do you
use? What will it cost? Where do you get help? This section provides a summary of
BIM tools that will help you get started. While any tool can appear complicated, if you
know what to look for in a tool and make a commitment to learn how to use the tool,
great results can be achieved. BIM tools are based on current software applications,
so they are constantly being upgraded. Despite all the change, now is the time to get
started.
What should you be concerned with when starting down the BIM path? The best
way to get started is to have the right plan and keep it simple. First, make sure you
pick a specific BIM objective you want to accomplish for your companypick a new
job that will help you prove a return on investment. Keep it simple and specifican
objective you can measure for tangible results. Consider the following in your plan:
Steering Committee create a senior managment group involved in the BIM
implementation process to ensure leadership support.
Dedicated Effort dedicate someone to this project who has a keen interest in
BIM and will see the project through. Then keep them focused on attaining results
by empowering them with the authority to make decisions toward achieving your
goals with effective regular status updates.
Integrate the Effort ensure that the project works with your existing business
processes and partners. Work with what you currently have for processes, whether
starting with a new 3D model or converting 2D drawings to 3D, and identify where
the new BIM tools will require change in your processes. Pick a project with team
members who will readily share the data.
Collaboration BIM tools work best in a truly collaborative environment with your
partners. Sharing information at various times throughout the model life cycle will
be critical to success, so make sure you and those you work with can be flexible in
collaborating. Use standards wherever possible to ease the collaboration efforts.
Hardware Requirements the BIM tools will require appropriate computer
hardware to make the tools work properly. Avoid the temptation to throw the tools
on inadequate equipment for expediencys sake, since this will cost more time and
frustration in the end. Follow the minimum recommendations for the tools.
Connectivity because BIM tools work best in a collaborative environment, make
sure you have appropriate connectivity to the Internet and your office network as
well as your job site. Being able to update a model from the office or the work
site may become invaluable. Typical DSL connection speeds of at least 256 kbps
should be adequate, but as with most applications, the more bandwidth, the better.
Do not over complicate the planthe goal is to get started and see results quickly. Pick
a specific case and stay focused on it. All too often, projects fail because of the dreaded
scope creep, just like out-of-control change orders on a job. Stick to your goal until
achieved, then learn from the results and adjust for ongoing use.
An alternative to using BIM for the first time on a new project is to take an existing
project and use BIM tools to remodel it, to see if you would really have gained savings.
The problem with this is the added cost to remodel a past project without an actual
return on that investment. However, you can consider this an investment if you achieve
an ROI on future jobs.
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BIM Tools
What should you look for in a BIM tool? Once you have your specific plan, finding the
right BIM tool(s) for your use is best accomplished by making your selection based on
the following criteria:
Simplicity make sure the software is easy to learn and use. Read the
instructions.
Functionality ensure that the tool meets your specific needs and usage by reading
about the tool before you start using it.
Interoperability/Collaborative the tools you use should work well with other
software, as being able to interchange document formats or convert documents
helps.
Providers Longevity despite a quickly changing technology environment, make
sure you are confident that the vendor will be around for the long run.
Support / Training the tool should have quick, effective help and the provider
should include appropriate training (electronic and in-person).
Environment double-check that the tool will work in your environment with your
hardware, communications, and collaborative partners. You may want to consider
using one of the various technology hosting services to provide the environment for
your tools (especially in the beginning, until you determine your specific needs).
How do you pick a BIM tool? This may seem like a daunting task, but if you have a plan
and know what you are looking for in the tools, the best BIM solution to choose can be
much more obvious. To help with selection, this guide includes a matrix of Example
BIM Tools (Appendix B), that can serve as a starting point for understanding currently
available BIM solutions. The matrix includes sections for both BIM software and BIM
services showing:
Product Name tool specifically for BIM (note that this matrix does not contain
2D Drawing tools, which are already plentiful)
Manufacturer the company that makes the tool
BIM Use how the tool is intended to be used in modeling
Description a brief manufacturers description of the tool
Supplier who supplies the tool
Hardware Requirements specifications for manufacturers recommended
hardware with which to run the tool
Approximate Cost an approximate cost for relative comparing and planning
purposes only (always check with vendors/suppliers about free downloads, trial
subscriptions, volume discounts, etc.)
The sections of the Example BIM Tools matrix include:
Software
3D Modeling software tools that create and manipulate 3D models
2D to 3D Conversions software tools that convert 2D to 3D models (At this
time, this type of tool is custom developed based on specific requirements.
While many of the 3D tools will import 2D drawings, 3D tools may not be able
to update the 2D drawing.)
3D Interoperability tools that allow you to work with a variety of different
types of 2D drawings or 3D models, regardless of format
Tracking tools that allow you to track changes among drawing sets
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BIM Tools
Services
Training these are service providers or tools that train specifically in the use
of BIM tools
Consulting these are service providers that offer consultation on installation,
support, integration or other implementation needs specifically for BIM tools
Hardware
Lists typical hardware that meets the minimum requirements of BIM software
from several popular hardware providers.
What will BIM tools cost? There are several components involved in identifying the
cost for using BIM tools, from software and hardware to time needed to set up and
use the solutions. The Example BIM Tools matrix includes the range of cost for the
solutions listed. Note that the suppliers of these tools may have a number of differing
pricing options, depending on the number of users you have and how you use the
software. It is wise to check with the supplier to determine current pricing models
and offers. Hardware costs vary depending on what solution you choose, but can be
estimated from the pricing in the table included in Appendix B.
The Example BIM Tools Matrix identifies approximate costs for hardware that
meets the minimal requirements of BIM software. While your existing hardware
may work for BIM software, it is wise to make sure that the speed of the computer
and graphics capability are sufficient to give a positive experience when using the
tools. Hardware is relatively inexpensive, so do not skimp on obtaining the best
hardware for your needs.
Other costs that you may incur are for consulting services to help you set up and use
BIM tools or help you develop appropriate processes that use BIM tools effectively for
your firm. The bottom line is: For as little as $5,000 you can get started with BIM and
begin to see the benefits. A wise plan would be to consider an investment of $10,000
to $50,000 depending on your needs, recognizing that these costs will quickly be
recovered by the benefits your company attains.
Note that this matrix is meant as a guide only and is not a recommendation of any one
tool over another. Nor is it an exhaustive list of tools. Items were selected for inclusion
in the list based on high availability and popularity. The costs shown are approximate
and any specification may change over time. AGC cannot guarantee the accuracy of
information, as it may change at any time.
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A special note about the cost of BIM which is addressed in each approach: The
out-of-pocket expense, even after spreading out the initial technology and training
investment, is generally believed to be much less than the cost benefits. Research
efforts are underway to prove this point, but until results are in, the biggest challenge is
aligning who is receiving the benefit versus who is paying the out-of-pocket expenses.
The delivery method, the contract type and the basis of reimbursement may dictate
how and to whom the cost benefits will flow.
The information offered is intended to give a contractor a sense of what the BIM
process will look like. Where enough experience has been gathered by the industry,
suggestions are offered. More experience will eventually lead to better practices, but
for now, this information should be a good place for a contractor just learning BIM to
get started.
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2D Based Process
Linear, Phased
Design
Paper 2D
Drawings
Value Engineering
Alternatives
Site Planning
Code Review
Light Tables
Design Validation
2D Drawings
Field Drawings
Assembled near
completion
Closeout Documents
Scheduling
Limited Scenarios
evaluated
Sequence Planning
Field Coordination
Use manuals
Operation Training
Concurrent, Iterative
Digital 3D Object based
tied to intelligent data
Evaluated in 3D instantly
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Relief Contours
Expedited and
Automated
Clash Detection with
Audit Trails
2D Drawings and
Perspectives
Intelligent models
for operations and
maintenance instructions;
Constantly updated
during construction
Activities linked to
Models
Extensive Scenarios
Evaluated earlier in the
process
Overlaying Digital
Models using collision
detection software
Visual
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4. 3D Designs
a. What is a 3D design?
The term 3D design is intended in this section to mean an intelligent BIM
model-based design. A 3D design is one that is produced with one of a number
of BIM software applications. The BIM is in a three-dimensional, geometric,
object-oriented representation of the project and has data attributes making the
model intelligent.
Eventually the data embedded into the BIM can include design criteria,
detailed specifications or performance criteria. Commissioning, maintenance
data and spare parts list, and other information that may be useful later in the
life-cycle of the project also may be included. This kind of data is not typically
available today and should not be expected until data exchange standards
(interoperability), currently in development, are established.
b. Typical Process3D design
Upon receipt of a 3D design file, the first step is determining how best to open
the file. The software it was created in and how you are planning to use it
will affect this determination. Are you planning on just viewing it? Are you
planning on extracting data? If so, which data? Are you planning on adding
data to make it construction-ready by, for example, taking a single solid slab
and breaking it into multiple slab pours?
(Important Note: Almost all 3D modeling software offers some type of a free
viewer application. Therefore, a contractor who is being provided a 3D design
from the design team, but has not made any initial effort towards investing in
BIM technology itself, should at least take advantage of the visualization of
the 3D model. With the free viewers, this most basic application should be
available to any contractor at virtually no cost!)
As in the process of a 2D Design, an initial review of the 3D model is necessary.
A basic review for overall completeness and accuracy is necessary. Though
similar to 2D Design, it is easier because of the added benefit of seeing the
design in 3D. Depending on how you are going to use the model, and on its
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THE WALL
Have Experience
See the Benefits!
COSTS
SOFTWARE COMPLEX
BENEFITS?
LEADERSHIP SUPPORT
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Clarification of Responsibilities
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Overview of Responsibilities:
As stated in the introduction, BIM is a tool. Recent advances in computer hardware
and software have made BIM technology available and relevant to the work of all
members of a project team. The use of BIM may well change the ways that projects
are conceived, designed, communicated and defined, but this tool will not change the
core responsibilities of the members of the project team.
In a fully integrated 3D virtual construction environment contractors and construction
managers will still need to organize and lead the onsite construction effort. No amount
of technology will replace the need for a well-thought-out approach to construction
that will allow each specialty contractor to apply its skills in a safe environment.
Similarly, BIM will not replace the need for designers to convey their design intent,
nor will it replace the dialogue of the submittal process through which subcontractors
demonstrate their interpretation and understanding of the design intent.
Outside of the immediate construction effort, owners and code enforcement officials need
to be afforded the ability to evaluate the cost and adequacy of the various components
of a project. Again no amount of technology will replace the core responsibilities or
actions of these members of the project team.
Software vendors and data warehouses must recognize the work-flow processes
and responsibilities of the project team members in order to provide software and
infrastructure that will adequately support the application of BIM technology. BIM
technology processes must facilitate the building process and these relationships as
they exist. Attempts to shift the responsibilities of the project team members into a
contrived software work-flow process will ultimately obscure the goals of the project.
In order to optimize efficiencies from a tool such as BIM, a collaborative team structure
must be in place. One in which team members are either contractually obligated or have
agreed to work in a cohesive fashion and one in which they will provide each other
with data that will allow its partner to perform its work faster, better or cheaper.
BIM technology can radically change the form of the work product of several members
of the project team. It can allow projects to be built faster, with fewer surprises, and lower
costs. However, the final goal of the project will remain an economically completed
building ready for safe occupation and use. This goal can only be achieved if each
member of the project team faithfully meets each of its traditional responsibilities.
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safety and economy derived from this system of checks and balances is essential to the
success of the project.
The submittal process, while critical to the success of a project, is often difficult to
implement through traditional methods in the fast paced environment of modern
construction. The dialogue is further complicated by the extensive use of performance
criteria, which allow specialty contractors to bring savings and speed to the project
through the application of their proprietary designs and processes. These proprietary
elements must be reviewed and approved by the designer to ensure that the design
intent has been properly interpreted and that the project design is modified where
appropriate to incorporate them.
It is important to realize that the dialogue, not the medium of communication is the
critical element of the submittal process. BIM technology allows electronic information
to replace printed documents as the medium of communication. Information contained
in BIM software is extracted directly to the detailing and fabrication processes without
the need for further human interpretation. The speed and reduced cost of electronic
communication saves the project the time and money associated with printing and
shipping traditional shop drawings. These savings are easily identifiable and on large
projects can be significant. Submittals can be handled electronically through review
of the subcontractors BIM, regardless of whether the design is issued in a 2D or 3D
format.
The purpose of the submittal process is to check those elements of the design that
require interpretation on the part of the builder prior to construction. The database
qualities of BIM allow many items of a design to be explicitly defined without the use
of the traditional symbols or schedules utilized in two-dimensional design drawings.
This database quality of BIM could reduce the amount and content of submittals. For
instance, if the builder extracts the information directly from the database created by
the designer, no interpretation of the design information is required by the builder. A
practical example of this is a situation in which a designer provides a BIM model with
the size, grade and location of each steel beam contained within it. The information
in this BIM model is then extracted by a fabricator and placed directly into the shop
drawings. In this situation, no interpretation of the design has been performed by the
builder and therefore a submittal showing this information to the designer would be
redundant and thus not required.
The submittal process will continue to evolve as BIM technology develops and is adopted
by the industry. Ultimately, the format and content of submittals is the responsibility of
the entire project team. Each team member must realistically evaluate the extent of its
responsibility and ensure that the interpretation of the design is adequately evaluated
prior to implementation.
Changes
BIM processes must accommodate changes. Changes are part of the building process,
and no amount of technology will or should prevent them. Regardless of the delivery
method, the design team must be able to present the various alternative design solutions
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at a schematic level in a form that can be evaluated and refined as the project moves
forward. Design is an iterative process that spirals toward a final solution. It is not
a straight line progression, and attempts to force it to fit a contrived work-flow to
facilitate BIM implementation will obscure the ultimate goals of the project.
As discussed previously, several elements of a project are often built according to
performance specifications, and implementation of these elements may require
refinements of the design. Changes in financing, emerging technology, and building
use will also dictate changes to the design as the project moves forward.
Design teams need a process through which to issue these changes and must be able
to maintain a current set of design documents, whether paper or electronic. This set of
documents must reflect the design intent at any stage of the project. Without a current
set of the documents, the ultimate basis of the contracts will be in question. Without
a firm basis for a contract, owners and code enforcement officials will not be able to
evaluate the projects cost or suitability for occupation. Any BIM process must allow
all project team members to modify and disseminate the information that they are
responsible for.
Impact of 2D or 3D design on Project Responsibilities
Whether the design is issued in the form of 2D printed documents or a 3D electronic
medium or in a combination of both, the responsibilities of the members of the project
team remain unchanged. However, it is not necessary to go to this level in the 3D
model for it to be effective. The important issue is to ensure that project team members
thoroughly understand the nature, value and exactitude of the information that is being
conveyed.
BIM presents the designer with the ability to precisely model every component of a
design showing every conduit, bolt, door hardware set, bent plate, and carpet pattern
in a project. This is not reasonable or desirable. In order to economically construct
a project and complete the design in timely fashion, the builders must be allowed
the flexibility to coordinate the trades. BIM design models cannot be photorealistic
representations of the completed project.
It is also important to recognize the difference between design and coordination.
Creation of a coordination model does not require or supplant a design that is conveyed
in 2D printed documents. When a contractor or CM creates a coordination model,
the BIM tool is completely analogous to a light table used for overlaying mechanical
and electrical drawings. Likewise a design model must not be interpreted as containing
more or better quality information than the designer has included. A steel analysis
model may not include the exact geometry of the project, and yet it may still be a valid
representation of the required load paths. Regardless of whether the analysis model
is an exact representation of the project, it is the responsibility of the design engineer
to accurately convey the load carrying members of the project in a design document.
Recognizing the validity and value of the information in any BIM is the responsibility
of every project team member that utilizes it.
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Actions/Responsibilities of Project Participants to Encourage the Use of BIM:
Contractors and Construction Managers
Contractors and Construction Managers need to recognize that coordination, whether
with BIM technology or a light table, is a core service rather than an added service.
BIM tools that can facilitate a great deal of coordination are now available, and when
applied appropriately they can reduce the cost and time of construction. The question
is not whether BIM will be used on a project, but to what extent it will be used. It is
known that BIM coordination improves communication, which decreases construction
costs and time, thus reducing risk. Contractors and construction managers have a
responsibility to evaluate the costs of various implementation processes and provide
the results of this evaluation to owners and design teams in quantifiable terms.
As the leaders of construction coordination, contractors and construction managers
have a responsibility to encourage and facilitate the sharing and distribution of BIM
technology on a project. They must also understand and convey the nature of the
information that is being shared. Appropriate contract language that will foster the
open sharing of BIM information must be developed. The contract language cannot
alter the relationships of the project team members or change their responsibilities
beyond their ability or what they are licensed to perform.
As an example, if a designer approves an electronic file prepared by a detailer, and
this file contains a dimensional inaccuracy, the designer must be protected to the same
extent that it would be had the approval document been a printed drawing. Similarly
in the case where a designer provides an analysis model or three-dimensional facade
rendering to supplement the design documents, and the designer has stated that the
analysis or rendering model shall not be considered to accurately show all aspects of
the geometry (presumably the designer has issued and identified a separate document
for specification of geometry) the designer shall not be liable if a detailer ignores the
warning and bases the geometry on the supplemental model or rendering. The 3D
information is valuable and should be shared with the team, but its use and accuracy
must be carefully defined.
Design Teams
Design teams must recognize the benefits of sharing all available electronic information
with the entire project team. Structural analysis models, for instance, have value to
other team members, so delivery of these models should be part of the design contract.
Along with the responsibility of sharing information, the designer has the obligation
to convey the quality of the information that is provided. If the geometry or the load
cases in a design model are not completely accurate, this needs to be made known and
documented. In addition, the source of the correct information in the design documents
needs to be established.
Design teams must also honestly evaluate the submittal process and work with the
rest of the project team to develop the best process for the project. Together the team
must find appropriate ways to facilitate communication without unduly burdening any
single member with additional liability. Requiring printed shop drawings or resisting
the requests of the team to distribute electronic files, simply because that is the way
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business has traditionally been conducted, is not helpful to the project or the growth
of the industry.
Public Agencies
Public agencies, like design teams must recognize the industrys movement toward
electronic information and evaluate what information is truly needed to perform
code enforcement checks and permitting. They must ensure that project design
and construction are compatible with community safety and facilitate community
development. They must be open when appropriate to adopt new formats for
demonstration of a projects compliance with specified standards.
Owners & Program Managers
Owners that recognize the value of BIM must accept the responsibility of the costs
associated with it. While the use of BIM coordination does not constitute an added
service, it does represent added value or better service. Owners also need to recognize
that additional deliverables (such as final as-built models) do constitute added services,
and pay for these as warranted.
Subcontractors
Subcontractors are responsible for fully conveying their interpretation of the design
intent to the Design Team. They also must coordinate their work with that of other
subcontractors by sharing the electronic information they have developed in file
formats that can be used and combined with the work of others. They must encourage
their software vendors to develop file formats that can be readily exchanged between
the various trade subcontractors. Subcontractors also must ensure that all parties
understand what they will supply as part of their contract and what will constitute
additional work.
Software Providers and Data Warehouses
To date, BIM technology has been developed to facilitate specific processes and
activities related to a project. At the core, BIM software is a database. Its application
to a process requires that the database be initially populated and then maintained as the
project progresses. The amount of redundant effort required to develop and maintain the
various databases of the many subcontractors that employ BIM technology represents
the greatest source of waste and error associated with BIM implementation. In order to
facilitate the full integration of BIM technology, software vendors must develop ways
for the various members of the project team to input and maintain the data relating to
the specific aspects of the project within their responsibility. In short, interoperability
is essential, and must be accommodated by the software industry.
Software providers must also understand the process of design and construction, and
fit their software to these work-flows. BIM software must be capable of modification
as design progresses, so that the increasing levels of detail characteristic of the various
design stagesfrom schematic design to construction documentscan be included in
the BIM at the appropriate point in the design process. The software must also be able
to accommodate changes.
23
AGC of America
Clarification of Responsibilities
BIM Adaptation:
BIM is a tool that will help the project team to communicate the needs of the project
more quickly and accurately than through current practices. However, the tool cannot
perform without the cooperation of the entire team. Each member must contribute its
information to the BIM for the betterment of the project, and understand the quality of
the information that is included in the BIM.
Current practice is evolving such that the contractors and construction managers are
taking a lead role in coordination modeling. This makes sense, as they have the most
immediate need and can reap the highest return for being able to virtually assemble
and view the various components of the project prior to construction in the field. Each
project is unique, and the implementation of BIM should be tailored to the needs of
the project. We must remember that BIM is only a tool. BIM will not create, correct
nor prevent errors. BIM will help find and more fully expose errors earlier in the
construction process when the project team members work responsibly together.
24
AGC of America
Risk Management
g
Legal Environment and Contract Documents
The emergence of BIM as a vehicle for dramatic change in design and construction
occurs in a legal environment that has not fully come to grips with all the risk
management implications of the underlying technology of electronic representation,
or transmission of documents of any type. Some concerns are obviouswhat are the
liabilities associated with participating and collaborating in the model? As the use of
BIM expands, other concerns are only beginning to be recognized.
But even as lawyers spot the legal issues, how best to resolve those issues remains an
open question. Some fear that an excess of concern over all the potential questions of
liability, risk allocation, shifting and sharing associated with BIM might inhibit many
from experimenting with it, and in the process deny owners, designers and constructors
the opportunity to sort through the issues as they experiment in the laboratory of the
real world.
This guide will not attempt to answer all the legal questions presented by BIM, but
rather will discuss some of the concerns contractors should at a minimum understand
and if possible address as they climb the BIM learning curve. While the risks presented
by BIM may be different in some respects, it does not automatically follow that a
contractors risk should be greater.
First, contractors should do their best to reach an understanding with all parties about
the ability and right to rely upon the model. Disclaimers of reliance that some have
sought to apply to design documents in electronic format should be discarded.
Second, the same risk allocation principles that apply to traditional two-dimensional
design should apply to a BIM model. Even with a BIM approach, the architect/
engineer remains responsible for project design. A contractors involvement in, and
corresponding liability for, design should not extend beyond that typically associated
with constructability issues, construction means and methods, and shop drawings.
Thus, for example, the fact that the shop drawings are added into a model should
not change the risks for the information being added. The crucial questions for the
contractor are: what are the deliverables and who is responsible for them?
Third, when a model is used, strict rules are applied to police the model, so that access
rights are reasonably restricted, the ability to change the model is strictly limited to
those who are responsible for changes to that portion of the model, outdated versions
of the model can be destroyed, and a precise audit trail can be maintained for the
various iterations of the model. Anyone who has been involved in a project where one
of the participants was working off an obsolete version of the drawings knows that
the 2D world has problems of its own. In fact, adherence to 2D drawings as the gold
standard of design is built on a faulty premise. The problems long inherent in the use
of 2D drawings make clear that regarding them as sacrosanct is a mistake.
The issue of ownership of the model can be worked out through the contract, just as
ownership of design documents is now addressed in AGCs standard form documents.
The issue of ownership of the model becomes much more complex when the final
Contractors Guide to BIM - Edition One
25
AGC of America
Risk Management
model is actually a gathering of the input of a single model or of many models
through the use of software that allows such a roll-up process. Many parties will have
contributed to the model in a fully modeled project and the issues of design input
versus design responsibility will need to be sorted out. In addition, the licensing and
royalty requirements of potentially selfish members of the Building Team need to be
discouraged in standard form documents. Owners need to be particularly aware of the
implications of such issues and are expected to play an important role in addressing
them.
Other issues that should be understood and considered:
Methods for maintaining version control of electronic documents, including a
depository of record copies of transmitted and received electronic documents.
Specific privacy and security requirements.
Storage and retrieval requirements for electronic documents and data.
The parties should review contract provisions in the design and construction
agreements that address the line and flow of communications among the project
parties. This allows them to assess whether such provisions need modification
in appropriate, limited circumstances to permit direct communications among
parties not in contractual privity, such as the principal design professional and a
specialty contractor performing a portion of the design. In such circumstances,
contemporaneous notification of such communications or exchanges should be
given to the parties otherwise in the line of communications.
Contractual reporting requirements for known or observed errors or omissions in
contract documents should be reviewed, to ascertain whether they are adequate
and consistent given the potentially increased pace of electronic document
exchanges.
Confidentiality provisions should be reviewed for consistency with similar
requirements in exchange agreements.
Finally, as the use of BIM becomes more and more commonplace, standards will
be developed as to who is responsible for inputting what information into a model.
Currently, the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) is engaging in such
an effort.
BIM and other collaborative technology will compel owners, constructors and designers
to interact differently than they have traditionally. As those relationships change, so
too will the contractual language that defines them. However, the current uncertainties
that accompany the changes brought on by BIM need not inhibit the constructor
from experimenting with and ultimately embracing the future of construction. The
traditional tri-party approach to design and construction will, over time, be replaced
by Integrated Practice and collaboration.
Insurance
Any convergence of the design and construction processes signals the need for
contractors to review not only their overall risk profiles, but also their risk-financing
programs. BIM presents many of the same risk management questions contractors
already face as they increasingly provide preconstruction services that require them
Contractors Guide to BIM - Edition One
26
AGC of America
Risk Management
g
to analyze, price, and suggest modifications to the architects design prior to its
completion. Therefore, it is strongly advised that any contractor looking to participate
in the BIM process consult with an insurance advisor to examine any potential increase
in risk as well as the appropriateness of its current insurance coverage.
For example, the Commercial General Liability (CGL) policy should be examined.
Unless so endorsed, the industry standard Insurance Services Organization (ISO)
CGL policy does not contain an exclusion pertaining to the rendering of design
and/or professional services. However, many insurers will add such exclusionary
language by endorsement. The optimal situation for a contractor that undertakes
design-build projects is to have a CGL policy with no professional services exclusion.
The next-best option is to have the CGL policy endorsed with ISO form CG 22 80.
This endorsement excludes coverage for claims arising out of the rendering of design
services as a standalone service, but will provide coverage where the contractor also
builds the project, i.e., design-build. Bear in mind that the CGL policy will respond
only to claims for third-party Bodily Injury (BI) and/or Property Damage (PD) arising
out of a design error.
Claims arising out of services provided as part of the BIM process may only be passive
in nature. That is, they could involve pure economic loss when there is a design error
that needs to be corrected, but BI or PD as defined in the CGL policy has not occurred.
Thus, as neither BI nor PD has occurred the CGL policy will provide no coverage for
the purely economic loss. As a result of this potential coverage gap, it is recommended
that the contractor who becomes involved in any level of the design process consider
the purchase of Professional Liability (PL) insurance. Here again, the counsel of a
savvy construction insurance professional is critical as not all PL policies are alike.
For example, some PL insurers may exclude and/or not specifically address coverage
for claims arising from such services as value engineering and constructability review.
Frankly, these are services that any contractor may currently be providing without
having become involved in the BIM process.
A thorough review of the contactors involvement or intended involvement in the
design process should be undertaken to assess the potential exposures presented.
Contract documents should be reviewed in conjunction with legal counsel and
modified as appropriate, and available insurance protection should be discussed with
your insurance advisor (including, but not limited to, Commercial General Liability
and Professional Liability insurance policies), prior to entering the realm of potential
design risk.
Beyond the design/professional services liability issues that may arise from participation
in the BIM process, or that may exist with current project delivery methodologies, the
contractor may very well have exposure to other electronic data/technology issues
such as: project management software, project web-hosting/web-sharing, transmittal
of electronic viruses, or intellectual property ownership/infringement, to name but a
few. These potential exposures should also be discussed with both legal and insurance
advisors to address both the contractual and risk-financing options of these and other
technology and/or intellectual property related exposures.
Contractors Guide to BIM - Edition One
27
AGC of America
Risk Management
Exposures Checklist
If you answer yes to one or more of the following provisions of services, it is
recommended that you discuss these exposures with both your legal and insurance
advisors. Making these advisors aware of such exposures will allow for an appropriate
dialogue to address the contractual and risk-transfer/risk-financing options available
for such exposures.
Does our company provide (or may it become involved with):
28
AGC of America
Risk Management
g
and protocols, the preparation of the model, and the distribution of information from
the model. In this regard, a contractor and its surety who are evaluating BIM should
consider how the contractors organization can best manage the risks associated with
utilizing this new project tool. If BIM technology is clearly defined contractually, it
should decrease conflicts and make the design and construction process more efficient.
As a result, the surety industry should embrace its utilization.
29
AGC of America
Summary
The major objective of the The Contractors Guide to BIM Edition One was to
generally introduce the subject and provide an outline of the how-to for getting
started. Regardless of the extent to which you decide to participate in BIM, simply
getting started and understanding the topic will keep you in touch with a subject that
is probably the most revolutionizing tool to come into the design and construction
industry in recent times.
As this guide identifies, BIM is a tool that enables our industry to more efficiently
operate in new and increasingly expeditious ways. Initially, BIM and 3D models
have primarily helped eliminate design conflicts with far more efficient coordination.
Expanding beyond this premise to some other specific practices, contemplate the future
with BIM in regard to:
Project scheduling and the concept of 4D, in which time considerations are inserted
into the modeling process. With manpower loading inserted into the scheduling
portion of the model, the project team will be able, on a long-term, look-ahead
basis, to observe and plan to the detail on a daily (perhaps eventually even hourly)
basis. Manpower can be best concentrated in a constrained area, thus providing
resolution to increased field production. Imagine drilling down into the 3D
model and actually being able to realize that your schedule exposes the conflict
of an erroneously planned overabundance of manpower in a constricted area. By
identifying such a conflict early, redirection and rescheduling of manpower will
allow for fewer field conflicts and increased production.
Estimating and quantification when 5D concepts are incorporated with the
BIM process. As the 3D model is developed, a materials quantity report is
instantaneously available. Further, depending on the sophistication of the software,
pricing information could also be instantaneously generated. As good contractors
know, the human element and judgment process for estimating will never be
replaced by software. But given the capability of instantaneous estimate reports,
as long as they are properly monitored, the project team will be able to tweak
the design in real time to match the project budget, thus eliminating the need for
complex value engineering after a design develops to more complete stages.
The speed of shop drawing development and the associated coordination between
all trades. Simply put, with 3D, it is realistic to envision that shop drawings
could be developed simultaneously as the design unfolds. Thus, the issued for
construction model is just thateliminating the need for approvals and submittal
turnarounds, as that process will already have been accomplished during the
design period.
Requests for Information (RFIs) will be significantly reduced during field
construction due to the enhanced coordination and conflict reduction with the use
of 3D.
Accurate as-built drawings are available immediately at the close of construction
with the use of BIM and a 3D model. The 3D model, as it is updated throughout the
project duration, actually represents in electronic format the physical design and
construction of the project throughout all trades. Imagine the future capabilities
for the owner in maintaining and revising its structure or facility when inheriting a
3D model as its as-builts.
30
AGC of America
Summaryy
The use of BIM and 3D modeling allows for the optimization of lean construction
techniques and principles. Modeling allows one to precisely plan and coordinate
the design and execution of the project, leading to the potential for increased
prefabrication, the minimization of waste in both the shop and the field, the reduction
of field interferences and collisions, and a general increase in productivity at all
stages of the project.
And the list goes on and on when our creative thinking allows us to imagine the
possibilities with BIM.
As the use of BIM accelerates within the design and construction industry, it will
lead to a revolution in project delivery. Many are already referring to this revolution
as leading to the fully collaborative project team. The theory of full collaboration
generally envisions the entire project team: Owner, Architect, Engineers, Consultants,
GC/CM and Specialty Contractors being involved from the projects inception by
sitting together at one table in developing the project design. Essentially the team
constructs the project electronically in 3D with the use of BIM. This full collaboration
allows for increased speed of project delivery, enhanced economics for the project, and
true lean construction all at levelsnever yet experienced in our industry.
The Construction Users Round Table (CURT), an organization of international owners
from a variety of industries, is addressing the future of the design and construction
industry from their perspective. Their research and committee work on collaboration
is summarized within their White Paper publications1. Owners are under increasing
pressure to more efficiently and expeditiously deliver projects due to more intense
worldwide competition, which varies by each of their respective industries. Increased
or full collaboration fulfills the owners new and futuristic objectives in delivering
projects.
We must face the fact that our design and construction industry has historically reacted
rather slowly to change, especially revolutionary change. The use of BIM, for those who
react quickly, will propel them beyond their competition in monumental proportions.
Fortunately, as contractors, any magnitude of the use of BIM will improve the way
we conduct our business. Additionally, contractors do not need to wait until other
specific areas of our industry adapt the use of BIM. Many of the specialty contractors
with whom GC/CMs subcontract are well established in 3D coordination. With the
recent developments in BIM, the software tools are now available for the GC/CMs
coordination of the overall project with 3D models, thus allowing incorporation of
these related efforts of specialty contractors.
This is one of the major reasons why this Contractors Guide to BIM Edition One
specifically addresses the use of BIM by contractors when receiving the project design
in a 3D format or when receiving a 2D representation of design for conversion to a 3D
model. Simply put, we as contractors can only move further ahead just by coordinating
1
The two most recent CURT White Papers relating to Collaboration are Collaboration, Integrated Information and
the Project Life Cycle in Building, Design, Construction and Operation (WP-1202) August 2004 and Optimizing
the Construction Process: An Implementation Strategy (WP-1003) July 2006.
31
AGC of America
Summary
a project in 3D versus utilizing existing 2D methods. Reducing field corrections and
re-fabrication alone provides tremendous labor production increases and resultant cost
savings.
Just as the technology and software of BIM expands and improves, this Contractors
Guide to BIM is expected to evolve through future editions to keep AGC member
contractors on the cutting edge of this industry revolution. With this guide, you now
have a roadmap to begin your companys industry participation with BIM and 3D
models. You control the options and decisions regarding the extent to which your firm
will get started and participate with BIM and 3D models. But more than anything
make those decisions and
GET STARTED USING BIM!
32
AGC of America
Appendix
pp
A: Glossaryy
3D Parametric Modeling (3D Model with Attributes)
Model elements not only include visual aspects of the building elements they represent,
but also have the properties (or knowledge) of the solids they represent.
4D Model
Term used to describe the linkage of a schedule to a modelessentially turning on
model elements in the order in which they are built.
5D Model
Term used to describe the linkage of estimating software to a modelelement quantities
are downloaded from the model database and imported directly into estimating
software.
BIM
Building Information Modeling is the development and use of a computer software
model to simulate the construction and operation of a facility. The resulting model, a
Building Information Model, is a data-rich, object-oriented, intelligent and parametric
digital representation of the facility, from which views and data appropriate to various
users needs can be extracted and analyzed to generate information that can be used to
make decisions and improve the process of delivering the facility.
Construction Coordination
The process of ensuring that the various elements of a building are constructed in a
sequence that allows the various elements of the building to be.
Coordination Model
A Building Information Model that is developed from a completed design. The creation
of the model is an interpretation of a design as opposed to the creation of a design.
Design Coordination
The process of ensuring that the various elements of the design (architectural, structural,
electrical, etc.) fit together and complement one another.
33
AGC of America
Appendix A: Glossary
Interoperability (as it relates to BIM)
The ability of data rich models to share valuable data, either through import or
export.
blank
34
AGC of America
Graphisoft
Bentley
Virtual
Construction
Bentley
Architecture
AutoDesk
Revit
Building
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Architecture
Design
3D Modeling/
Virtual Building
Creating and
reviewing 3D
models
BIM Use
Various
Supplier
35
5D Construction Management
http://www.
bentley.com/
BentleyWebSite/
Tools/sales_
contact.aspx
Bentley
Architecture
http://www.
graphisoft.
com/products/
where_to_buy/
Various based on
region
http://usa.
autodesk.com/
adsk/servlet/inde
At the heart of the Revit platform is the Revit parametric change engine, x?siteID=123112
&id=2435651
which automatically coordinates changes made anywherein model
views or drawing sheets, schedules, sections, plansyou name it.
Manufacturers Description
Hardware Requirements
System Recommendations:
Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 (or
later)
Processor: Intel Pentium 4 2.8 GHz or equivalent
AMD Athlon processor
RAM: 2 GB with Two-button mouse with scroll
wheel
System Requirements:
Microsoft Windows XP (Professional, Home,
Tablet PC Edition) or Microsoft Windows
2000 SP4 (or later)
Intel Pentium 4 1.4 GHz or equivalent
AMD Athlon processor
1 GB RAM with 1 GB free disk space
1024 x 768 monitor and display adapter capable
of 24-bit color
Internet connection for license registration
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0
AGC of America
Contact Bentley
sales for a
customized
quote:
http://www.
bentley.com/
BentleyWebSite/
Tools/sales_
contact.aspx
~$4,000 To
$6,000 Per
Seat plus
Subscription
Approx.
Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
VectorWorks
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Architect
Autodesk
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Revit
BIM Use
2D and 3D
Production
Management
BIM Use
Software
Fundamentals
and Advanced
Training
VectorWorks ARCHITECT
RAM: 256MB
Hard drive space: 200MB
Hardware Requirements
Macintosh
Operating System: Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later
Other Software: QuickTime 6 or higher
Processor: PowerPC G3 or newer
Other Hardware: CD-ROM drive
Screen Resolution: 1024 x 768 (XGA)
Display color depth: 16 bit
Windows
Operating System: Windows 2000 SP4 or later;
Windows XP
Other Software: QuickTime 6.5.2 or 7.0.2
Processor: Pentium or newer
Other Hardware: CD-ROM drive
Screen Resolution: 1024 x 768 (XGA)
Display color depth: 16 bit
Hardware Requirements
AGC of America
~$1,000
Approx.
Cost
Approx.
Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
Supplier
VectorWorks
http://www.
nemetschek.
net/sales/index.
php
Supplier
Autodesk
For more than twenty years, VectorWorks Architect has provided building
information modeling (BIM) capabilities that offer a true increase in
productivity. With BIM, your 2D drawings, 3D drawings and project data
are linked into a simple, yet powerful design environment. VectorWorks
BIM technology allows you to design in 2D and 3D simultaneously.
Changes made in one view are automatically updated in the other. And,
because your drawings are linked, a change in one can automatically
ripple through the entire drawing set, saving you time and reducing
drawing errors. Plus, you can integrate information into your design to
automatically generate schedules, as well as track materials and costs.
And, you can export this information to use downstream in other costing
and database programs.
Software - Training
Manufacturers Description
Tutorials
A complete set of self-paced training exercises is available to help you
become more productive using Autodesk Revit Building.
Revit Classroom Training
Autodesk offers Autodesk Revit Fundamentals and Autodesk Revit
Advanced training courses from our offices in Waltham, Massachusetts
and San Rafael, California.
How-to Articles
Through step-by-step lessons written by recognized experts in their
fields, Autodesk how-to articles and tutorials can help you master the
techniques you need to become more productive with Autodesk products
and solutions.
API Training and Consulting for Developers
Visit the Autodesk Developer Center for the latest courses and schedules
of hands-on API training. Also, get information about Autodesk API
consulting services.
36
U.S. Army
Engineer
Research and
Development
Center
BIM Training
and Transition
BIM Training
and Support
Kristine Fallon
Associates, Inc.
ERDC
Various
Various
KFA
37
OnDemand eLearning
OnDemand eLearning delivers professional training to every desk
through recorded interactive courses and lectures. Hundreds of hours
of OnDemand eLearning courses are available to Bentley LEARN and
Enterprise Training Subscription users.
Distance Learning
Live, instructor-led distance learning is taught by experienced Bentley
instructors via the Internet. Distance learning is available through
scheduled courses or as account-specific courses tailored to your
workflow.
Bentley
Bentley
Graphisoft
Bentley
Training
Programs
Classroom Learning
Led by experienced Bentley instructors, classroom learning is offered
through scheduled courses at Bentley training facilities or as accountspecific training in your office or nearby training facility convenient to
your work location.
Construction Modeling
Constructability Analysis
Estimating Support
4D Sequencing Support
Production and Procurement Planning Support
Site Planning Support
5D Construction Simulation Presentation
Supplier
Bentley
Architecture
Transition
Services
To both ease the transition to the new technology and to provide additional
customer support during peak loads, Graphisoft Construction Services
will utilize this product line under the direction of the Customers project
team. Services include:
Manufacturers Description
Graphisoft
BIM Use
Virtual
Construction
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Software - Training
Hardware Requirements
AGC of America
Varies based on
need
Varies based on
need
Varies based on
need
Varies based on
need
Approx.
Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
BIM Use
Manufacturers Description
Supplier
Hardware Requirements
Approx.
Cost
(as of 2006)
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Varies based on
need
Software - Training
Gehry Technologies
Various
AGC of America
Component of
JetStream plugin architecture
Approx.
Cost
Various
http://www.
navisworks.
com/resellers/
resellers.php
Various
http://www.
navisworks.
com/resellers/
resellers.php
Hardware Requirements
Gehry
Technologies
Software - Interoperability
Manufacturers Description
Powerful and flexible yet affordable and easy to use, JetStream v5
saves time and reduces the risk of problems onsite, thus saving money.
JetStream v5 gives access for all stakeholders to work effectively together
on a project employing 3D design models on the desktop or over the Web,
and regardless of size or file format.
BIM compliant, a solution for Virtual Construction and an aid to LEAN
construction techniques, JetStream v5 has become an integral part of
many major companies review processes.
Our product is used in diverse markets including Engineering,
Construction, Oil & Gas, Petrochemicals, Energy, Shipbuilding,
Automotive, and Utilities, and offers proven benefits in saving time
and money throughout the project lifecycle for both engineering and
procurement contractors as well as owner operators, and for CAD and
non-CAD user alike.
Our fifth major release, JetStream v5, is scalable and easy to deploy
and administer; fitting into existing processes and linking to third party
software and databases.
Supplier
Combining and
reviewing 3D
models
BIM Use
Digital
Technology
Integration
Navisworks
Navisworks
Product
Manufacturer
Name
JetStream v5
JetStream v5
Roamer
Combine
Designs into
one model
Roamer can be used to navigate and explore the design free from the
limitation of pre-programmed animation and without specialist skills or
hardware. Fully compatible with the all major 3D design* and laser scan
formats, Roamer can quickly open and combine competing 3D files to
create a single virtual model for review of geometry, object information
and linked ODBC databases. Textures, materials and lights can also be
viewed from .nwd files or, when used with the Presenter plug-in, other
compatible formats. Stereo viewing support, collision detection, gravity
and a third person view improve the reality of the Roamer experience.
Allows collaboration using 3D design models regardless of format.
38
**For custom Interoperability options, please see the consulting section below.
Notes:
1.
Products presented are not in any specific order
2.
Costs are typical and may vary based on configuration or other requirements
Contractors Guide to BIM - Edition One
Navisworks
Graphisoft
Change
Manager
Gehry Technologies
Various
AutoDesk
Revit
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Report
indifferences
in 3D project
models and
track project
status
JetStream
v5 Clash
Detective &
TimeLiner
Digital
Technology
Integration
BIM Use
Identify,
communicate
and manage
changes
BIM Use
Product
Manufacturer
Name
Various
Gehry
Technologies
39
Supplier
http://www.
graphisoft.
com/products/
construction/
products_and_
services/change_
manager/contact.
html
Graphisoft
http://www.
navisworks.
com/resellers/
resellers.php
Various
Supplier
Description
Software - Consulting
Description
Hardware Requirements
Hardware Requirements
AGC of America
Varies based on
need
Varies based on
need
Approx.
Cost
Volume
discounts
available
~$895 + VAT
**Indicated cost
for budgetary
purposes only.
TimeLiner:
~$1,500
Sold separately:
Clash Detective:
~$4,000 per seat
Both included
with JetStream
Roamer v5
Pro which is
~$8,000 Per Seat
Approx.
Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
Dell
Dell
Dell
High End
Mid Range
Low End
Product
Manufacturer Performance
Name
Dimension
1100
Optiplex
GX620
Precision
690
Hardware Options
Base Description
Dell (www.dell.com)
Basic
Essential Productivity at an Affordable Price
AGC of America
Fully loaded at
~$8,500
Starting base at
~$2,358
Fully loaded at
~$2,250
Starting base at
~$1,100
Fully loaded at
~$1,000
Approx. Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
40
Gateway
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
E-6610
Series
Dx2200
Dc7600
Gateway
E-1500D SB
High End
Low End
High End
Low End
Product
Manufacturer Performance
Name
Memory
512 MB (533 MHz)DDR2 (2x256)
41
Processor features
3.2 GHz, 2-MB L2 Cache, 800-MHz front side bus
Processor type*
Intel Pentium 4 Processor 640
Memory
256MB PC2-5300 (DDR-667)
Processor features
2.53GHz, 256-KB L2 Advanced Transfer Cache, 533MHz Front Side Bus
Processor type*
Intel Celeron D 326
Hewlett-Packard (www.hp.com)
160GB Serial ATA II/300 7200RPM w/Raid 0 (2-80GB Hard Drives - Striping)
Intel 975X Chipset with DDR2 and Intel Core Duo support
Intel Core2 Duo E6300 (1.86GHz 1066MHz FSB 2MB cache, non-HT)
Gateway (www.gateway.com)
Base Description
Hardware Options
AGC of America
Fully loaded at
~$1,500
Fully loaded at
~$3,530
Starting base at
~$1,350
Fully loaded at
~$1,165
Approx. Cost
(as of 2006)
Appendix
pp
B: Example
p BIM Tools
NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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