Caringfor

OurPlanet
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OurPlanet
JoyceHannam
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Introduction
Carefu[[y4
1 UsingResources
2 Keeping
OurPlanetCoo[ 8
3 MakingCleanElectricityt2
16
Travel
4 Reducing
OurPlanetClean20
5 Keeping
24
Ptants
5 Protecting
28
Animals
7 Protecting
32
8 TheWayForward
36
Activities
52
Projects
54
Glossary
AboutReadandDiscover 56

OXFORD
U N I V E R S I TY

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With thanks to Ann |ullick fbr sciencechc'ckine

An@ducffi@m
Onour planetEarththereare manybeautifulplaces.
Sadty,someof the thingsthat peopledo aredamaging
our planet.We mustcarefor it, to keepit safeandclean
for a[[ the plants,animals,andpeoplelivinghere.
Whatbeautifulptacescanyouseebetow?
Whatbeautifulplacesaretherein yourcountry?
Howdo peoptedamageourplanet?
Howcanwe carefor ourptanet?

photocopying

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lo Ilre lllil Rights DepartneDt, OxfordUniversityPress, at
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itaquifcr
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ret-eued to in this publication are in the

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An Au(lio (il) I'rck coutniniDg tltis book and a CD is also
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'I I)('(:l) hirs:r ( hoi(e ol Antcriciln rnd British English
rf(r)rdir)As ()l lhc (1)trrl)icte lcxt.
n D irc(r)nrl)ilIyiIg Activity Book is also available,
r\xN,)7ll o t{) {(),ls(x) o
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well r)liilrirAc(ls()ufccs.

Nowreadanddiscover
more
ptanet!
rt caringfor ourbeautifut

UsflnglBes@qffi@@s

Cameffiqilry

Ourptanetgivesus manynaturalresources
likeair
to breatheandwaterto drink.lt givesus plantsand
animalsto eat,andcoa[andoil to makeelectricity.
We needto usea[[ theseresources
careful[y.

WeAllNeed
Water
\7ater is one of the most important natural resources
on Earth.W'e need fresh water to drink, and we need it
to grow and cook food, and to wash. Plants, animals,
and people all need water to live.
About 70% of Earth is coveredwith water, but most
of this water is salt water in oceans.Peopleneed fresh
water to drink, but only about 3o/oof Earth's water
is fresh water.
In some countries there isn't enough water.
Sometimes,people have to travel a long way
to collect water, or they move to a new place
where there is water.

Renewable
Resources
Some natural resources,like water, sun, wind, soil,
animals, and plants, can replacethemselvesnaturally.
They are called renewableresources.They will not
run out if we don't use them too quickly. If we use
them carefully,we will have lots of these resourcesto
use for a long time.
/1

Non-Renewa
bleResou
rces

Pollution

Sfe use fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil in power
stationsto make electricity.\7e use electricity to power
lights. Refrigerators, televisions, and computers all
neecielectricity,too. Many people use electricity to
cook and to heat their homes.\(/e also use electricitv
to power some vehicles,and we use oil to make
gasolineto power cars and other vehicles.

Sometimeswe make our resourcesdirty. This is called

pollution.S(/e pollute the air when we use fossil fuels
to make energy like electricity.\Wepollute water when
we put waste into it. People,animals, and plants all
need clean air and water.

The problem is that thesefossil fuels cannot be

replaced,so when we have used them all, they will
run out. They are called non-renewableresources!
and we are using them too quickly.

There are lots of ways we can help.'Wemust keep

water clean, and we must not waste it. Some charities
are helping people to collect and store water.They are
also building new dams, wells, and pumps, so that
people can have clean water nearer their homes.

h V|AA7,
thefourcountries
thatusedthe most

WhatCanWeDo?

We must use non-renewableresourcescarefully,

and we must not waste them. Scientistsare
mvesugaung ways
to use renewable
resources,like sun,
wind, and water,
to make electricity
so that we don't
need to use so
many fossil fuels.
\il7ecan also try
to use less
electricity.

Goto pages36-37 for activities.

[fr@@pf,ng
@qm
PilonffiC@@il
Scientists
thinkthat Earth'sclimateis changingandthe
weatheris gettingmoreextreme.Theythinkthat this is
happening
becauseEarthis gettingwarmer.Why is this
happening,
andhowcanwe keepour planetcoot?

TheGreenhouse
Effect
llarth getsheat from the sun. Some of the heat escapes
into space,but some is trapped by a blanket of gases.
This keepsEarth warm enough for us to live here,
and it's called the greenhouseeffect becauseit works
like a greenhouse.
\$

t\

GlobalWarming
'When we use fossil fuels

we make a gas called carbon

dioxide. Scientiststhink that we are putting too much
carbon dioxide into the air. The carbon dioxide
increasesthe greenhouseeffect and Earth gets
warmer. This is called global warming.

Extreme
Weather
Scientiststhink that global warming is changing our
climate and making the weather more extreme.This is
a problem for people, animals, and plants.
Hurricanes are getting more dangerous.In 2005, a
huge hurricane hit New Orleans in the USA. About
2,000 people died, and most of the city was flooded.
There are many rivers in Bangladesh.There are always
floods in the rainy season,but the floods are getting
worse. Every year, some people die
and thousands of people
lose their homes.
''J
tr4)*
''5(J, In Bangladesh,
some

-peopte makefl.oating
gardens.
Theygrowfood
on them,so that they have
foodduringthe floods.

lrr thc SaharaDesert in Africa, there is not enough

nrirr and the desert is getting bigger. Peoplehave left
tlrcir homesbecausethey can't grow food.The Gobi
l)cscrt in China and Mongolia is also getting bigger.
I )cscrt sand blows all the way into cities in North
l(orca and South Korea.

M elt in glc e
l,hrth is gctting warmer and the ice is melting at the
North and South Poles.As this ice changesto water,
tlrt' scu lcvcl is getting higher.This is dangerousfor
Iow r'orrntricslike Bangladesh,and for low islands.
'l\rvrrltris u country in the Pacific Ocean and it's made
ul gnrrrpsol'islands.Parts of the capital,Funafati, are
ttuw ottly l0 ccntimetersabovesealevel.Scientists
tlrtrrktltnt thc occanwill soon coverthe land, and
llte pcoplc wlro livc thcre will haveto move to other
ItttUlltt'lcrilikc Ncw Tcaland orAustralia.

WhatCanWeDo?
Scientists are investigating ways of predicting extreme
weather so that people can be ready for it. Charities
are working with people to build stronger and higher
homes.They are also giving people specialradios so
that they can hear about extreme weather and move
to a saferplace.
Our planet has natural ways to reduce carbon dioxide.
Oceansand plants use carbon dioxide, so we must
protect our oceansand plants.
$(/emust try to keep Earth cool by using fewer fossil
fuels and producing lesscarbon dioxide.W'eneed
electricity, but we can make it without using fossil
fuels. Instead, we can use nuclear energy, or natural
energy from the sun, wind, or water.
38-39foractivities.
) Goto pages

MaffingCtrXeon

Eil@ffie@

Scientistsare investigating
waysof makingclean
electricitythat is not madewith fossilfuels.Thisis
importantif we want to reducegtobatwarmingand
pollution.Howis electricitymadein yourcountry?

Nuclear
Energy
Nuclear power stationsmake electricity without using
fossil fuels.They don't put carbon dioxide into the air,
but they produce dangerousradioactivewaste.This
waste is put underground or under the ocean, where
it must stay for thousandsof yearsbefore it's safe.
If there's an accident at a nuclear power station,
dangerous radioactive waste can get into the air
and travel a long way. In 1986 an accident happened
in Chernobyl in Ukraine. People died and many more
people were sick. About 336,000 people had to move
away to new homes. Scientists are working hard to
make nuclear power stations safer.

SolarEnergy
Another way to make electricity is to use the heat
from the sun. Solar power stations only work well
in places where it's very sunny all year long.
In many countries, people use solar energy from
solar panelsto heat water in homes, offices,and
swimming pools, and to power watches, calculators,
and road signs.

In sunny
youcan
countries,
cookbyusingonly
heatfromthesun.At[
youneedis sunshine
anda solarpanet!

WindEnergy

Energytrom Water

Wind turbines use the

energy from the wind to
make electricity.'Wecan
build wind turbines in
isolatedplacesand also
in the oceans.They can
be useful in colder
countries where there is
not enough sunshine to
use solar energy to make
electricity. Germany, for
example, makes 6o/oof its electricity in wind farms. All
around the world there are more and more wind farms.

\il7ecan make electricity by using energy from

moving water in rivers, lakes,or oceans.This is
called hydroelectricity. The first hydroelectric power
station was built in 1882. It was a simple water
wheel. It made enough electricity for 250 light bulbs.
The biggest hydroelectric power station in the world
today is the Three Gorges Dam in China. It can make
enough electricity for whole cities!

Energy
Geothermal
Geothermal energy comes from the heat that is trapped
underground. Hot water and steam from underground
can be used to heat buildings, and to make electricity.
In Iceland there is lots of hot water underground.
Geothermal power stationsmake about 25o/oof
Iceland's electricitv.

lP!r.
l:>t

Hotwaterfromthe
geothermal
power
Svartsengi
stationin lcetandis usedto ilitffi
fitt anoutdoorpoo[.lt's
enoughforswimming.

In 1966, scientistsin France started to make

electricity using energy from ocean tides. Then other
scientists used energy from waves.Scientists are now
investigating better ways of using energy from tides
and wavesto make cheap and clean electricity.
I

Goto pages40-4t for activities.

What CanWeDo?
Mostof ustravelto schoolor to workeveryday.Maybe
we travelby carto go shopping
or to visitfriends,or by
ptaneto go on vacation.
Whyshouldwe trave[less?

It's very difficult to stop traveling, but we can think

carefully about the way we travel. For short journeys,
we can walk or cycle.This is also better than sitting
in a car becauseexerciseis good for us.W'ecan share
cars or use public transportation for some journeys.
\Wecan try to use small cars becausethey use less
fuel than big ones.
We should also reduce the number of vehicles that
we make, becausewe use fossil fuels to power the
factories where we make the vehicles.
Some people try to fly lessoften, and if they have to
fly, they do something called carbon offsetting. They
find out how much carbon dioxide their journey will
produce.Then they pay to plant enough trees to use
all the carbon dioxide that the journey made.

TheProblem
withTravel
Cars, planes,buses,and ships all put carbon dioxide
into the air. This increasesthe greenhouse effect and
makes our planet warmer. Vehiclesalso pollute the air
with other gases.This makes our cities dirty.

Airports
aregettingveryvery
busy.About59,000internationaI
passengers
travelthroughthe main
airportin NewYorkeveryday.

Cleaner
Planes
Engineers are trying to make plane enginesthat don't
pollute the air, but it's very difficult. They know that
lighter planes with bigger wings use lessfuel. They are
designingbetter planes all the time.
Some planes can fly using biofuels, but many people
think it's wrong to grow plants for planes.They say
that we need the land to grow food for people.What
do you think?
A few planes are alreadypowered by solar energy,but
they don't have any spacefor passengers.
\*--*-

-ffiw
'.\9,

TheZephyrptaneis powered
by solarenergy.
lt's verytightand
people.
it doesn'tcatry
In 2008it
ftewwithoutstopping
for 83 hours!

Cleaner
Cars
Engineers are investigatinghow to make car engines
cleanerso that they won't damage our planet so much.
Modern cars have machines called catalytic converters
that changeexhaustgasesinto cleanergases.
Instead of using gasoline,some cars use electricity
and others use a mixture of gasolineand electricity.
Some cars use fuels made from plants.These biofuels
can be made from nuts, corn, and other plants.There
are also a few cars that use electricity made from solar
energy.Maybe in the future all cars will be powered
in theseways.
lri"

fE

Goto pages42-43for activities.

@qm
Keepffing
filan@CCflean
Everydaywe throwawaywastefrom our homes,schools,
offices,andfactories.Thiswasteis coltectedin trucks,
then someis recycled,andsomeis burnedor put
Whatdo you do with yourwaste?
underground.

TooMuchWaste
People throw away too much waste. In some
countries, there is not enough spaceto put any more
waste underground. Some things that we throw away,
like plastic bags,refrigerators,and cars,will stay
underground for hundreds of years.

In the USAeverypersonproduces
of wasteevery
morethan2 kitograms
day.Sofor the whotecountrythat's
morethan232 miltionmetrictons!

WasteMakesPollution
Sometimes,people throw waste into rivers, lakes,
or the ocean.Human waste and waste from factories
also pollute water. More than a billion people in the
world do not have clean water to drink. Every day,
people die from dirty drinking water.
Some people leavewaste on streets,in the
countryside, and on beaches.This pollutes our planet,
and it's dangerousfor animals if they eat the waste.

What CanWeDo?
\(/hen we throw things
away we must do it carefullY
- never throw waste into
streets,rivers, or the ocean.

TooManyPlastic
Bags
'Wethrow away more plastic bags than anything else!
Plastic bags are a huge problem for our planet. It's
difficult to recycle them.You can use a plastic bag
for only five minutes, but it can take 500 years ro
decompose.Peoplethrow away too many plastic bags
and this pollutes our cities, countryside, and oceans.
Many fish, birds, and other animals die if they eat a
plastic bag, becausethen they can't breathe or eat food.
If people have to pay for plastic bags,they will use
them less.In 2002, when people in Ireland were
askedto pay for plastic bags,the number of bags
used reduced by 90% in one year! In many countries
today, there are no free plastic bags.
Try to use plastic bags lots of times, or use a bag that
is made of a natural material instead.

W'e can throw away less waste,

for example, we can reuse more
things before we throw them away.
'We can throw away much less
food and garden waste by using
a compost bin. In a compost bin,
worms and bacteria eat the waste
and changeit into good soil called
compost.w'e can use compost to
help plants to grow better.
Another way to reduce waste is to recycle things.
Many people alreadyrecycle lots of things' like
paper, cans,plastic and glasscontainers,and clothes.
\7e can also recycle bigger things like parts of cars.
The recycled materials can then be
used again to make new things.
-u

in Japan,
In Kamikatsu
peoplearehopingto recycle
by 2020.They
everything
dividetheirwasteinto34
differenttypesfor
)

Goto pagesM-45 for activities.

,

-l;:,

Mmgfilontu
Withoutplants,we wouldhavenothingto eat.We also
useptantsto makeclothes,homes,andmedicines.
Ptantstake carbondioxidefrom the air,andthey give
us oxygento breathe,too. Ptantsare rea[lyimportant!

FoodandDrink
Plants give us food like fruit, vegetables,and rice.
\Weeat fruit and vegetablesbecausethey contain
vitamins that keep us healthy. Cereal crops, like
wheat and corn, give us flour to make bread.
Many drinks, like tea, coffee, and chocolate come
from plants.\7e also use some plants as herbs or
spicesto make our food taste good.

FoodChains
All living things are parr of food chains. Plants are at
the start of all food chains becauseplants only need
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the air to
make their food. Animals need to eat plants, or they
eat other animals that eat plants. So we all need plants!

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kitterwh-ate

We useotive
treesin manyways.
We caneat the fruit,
anduseoil madefrom
the fruitfor cooking.
TheoiI is alsogood
for ourhairandskin.

Medicines
For thousandsof years,people
have used plants as medicines.
Many modern medicines are
made from chemicalsthat
were first found in plants.
Many plants that are used for
medicines grow in rainforests.
For example, the rosy
periwinkle from Madagascar
contains chemicalsthat can
treat two types of cancer.

Reducing
Global
Warming
In the daytime, plants take carbon dioxide from the
air to make their food. This helps ro reduce global
warming. It's one of our planet's natural ways to
reduce carbon dioxide.

Plantsin Danger
Plants need clean air and water to grow - polluted air
and water can damage them. Global warming is also
a problem. Some plants cannot grow in their usual
place if the temperature gets too high, or if there is
extreme weather like floods.
\il7eare using too many trees. Big international
companies cut down huge numbers of trees for wood
to make furniture or paper. Sometimes they cut
down trees in rainforests to make spaceto grow crops
or to raise cattle, so that they can produce cheap food
like palm oil and hamburgers.

WhatCanWeDo?
If we keep our planet clean and use fewer fossil fuels to
reduce global warming, we will savemillions of plants.
\il7emust also use fewer trees.\7e can use less paper and
recycle it. Some charities collect money to buy trees to
keep them safe.\$7ecan pay people to care for trees and
use them in different ways to make money. For example,
farmers can sell nuts from their trees.\il(/emust stop
companies destroying rainforests to bring us cheap food.
\7e can plant new trees.Countries and big companies
can also replacethe trees that they use. Finland and
Canada already do this.
) Goto pages46*47for activities.

Pffing
Amffimails
Earthis hometo manyamazinganimals,fromtiny
bacteriathat we can'tevensee,to hugewhates.We
shareour planetwith a[[ theseotheranimats.
Animats
helpus in manydifferentwaysandwe mustprotectthem.

WeNeedAnimals
Many animals, like cows, sheep,and chickens,are
raised for food. Farmers raise them to give us meat,
cheese,egBS,and milk. In the ocean,there are fish
farms where large numbers of fish are raised for
food. \7e use animals to give us leather,wool, and
feathers.Around the world, animals are also used to
help us with work. They carry people and crops, and
they help with farm work.

Minibeasts
Useful
Insects,like beetles,flies, and ants, help the planet,
too. Some insectscarry pollen from flower to flower.
Many flowers need pollen from another flower to
make seeds.Bees fly from flower to flower to get
nectar to make honey. People collect the honey and
enjoy eating it! Many insectsare useful becausethey
eat waste,and worms help us by making compost
and keeping the soil healthy.

in Danger
Animals
Every animal has a specialplace to live called
its habitat, but people are destroying many of
these important habitats.When we cut down the
rainforest trees,we destroy the habitat of gorillas
and tigers, and hundreds of smaller animals.
Global warming is also a problem for animals.
For example,if too much ice at the North Pole
melts, polar bears will lose their habitat.

Hunters kill some animals for money. Many

elephantswere hunted becausepeople could sell
their ivory tusks for a lot of money. Now this has
stopped, but all around the world, hundreds of
different types of animal, from insects to tigers, are
disappearingbecauseof lost habirarsor hunting.
Pollution is also a huge problem for animals.

WhatCanWeDo?
\il7emust protect habitats, and we must keep the
countryside clean. Many countries have made
special places called national parks or wildlife parks
where wild animals can live safe from hunters. In
Africa there are also safari parks where tourists
from all around the world can come and see the
animals in their natural habitat.

ZoosToday
Many wild animals are kept in zoos or animal
reserves.If they are rare animals, the last ones can be
kept safe there. They can hdve babies and there will
be more of them again. Many modern zoos keep
animals in places similar to their natural habitat.
Sometimes they take the animals back to their
natural home when it's safe.
Some charities work to saverare animals and their
habitats.You can pay to adopt an animal and help to
keep it safe.These giant pandas live in a special
animal reserve in China. Many people are adopting
giant pandas and helping them here.

Goto pages48-49for activities.

ffieWeyffiorooffid

NewTechnology

Mostpeopleunderstand
that we mustcarefor our
planet.We mustnow learnhow to do it better.Earth
is our homeandwe mustprotectit for the future.
Whatwill you do to carefor our planet?

A SimpleLife?
Some people think that modern city life is bad for
Earth. \ilfe use too much energy and we make too
much waste.They think that we should live in small
villages, grow our own food on the land, and not
travel far. This life would not damage our planet.

Other people think that we cannot go back to a

simpler way of living. They think that new technology
can help us to find new, clean ways to travel and
make energy.
You can see some of this new technology in new
types of house design.These new housesdon't use
any energy from fossil fuels, but they are still
comfortable in very hot or cold weather.They have
solar panels in the roof, and they are made of wood
from forests where trees are always replaced.
Do you think we should live more simply or use new
technology?Or should we do both?

WhatCanWeDo?
\7hen we go shopping, we must think carefully about
what we buy. Some food that we buy comes from near
our homes. Other food comes on planes and ships
from far away,and we use fossil fuels to transport it.
Some people say we should eat more food that is
grown near to our homes. Do we need summer fruit
in winter? How much of the food that vou buv was
grown near where you live?
In our everyday life we can all help the planet in small
ways.We can reuse and recycle as much as possibleto
reduce waste and pollution. We can turn off lights to
saveelectricity, and we can try not to use our cars too
much, to reduce carbon dioxide.\$7ecan give money to
charities that care for the planet. If millions of people
do small things, this will make a difference.

It s OurPlanet

\7e must not be greedy. For example, no one

wants oceanswith no fish in them. \7e can take some
fish, but we must not take too many.\Wemust be
careful not to use too many of E,arth'snatural
resourcestoo quickly.

Scientiststhink that we don't

have much time to reduce
global warming. So we have
to change the way we live now.
The people of Tuvalu and
Bangladeshare worried about
their future. So are the people
near the Saharaand Gobi Deserts.
They need everyoneto help. We
must all help to care for our planet.
I

Goto pages50-51 for activities.

UsingResources
Carefu y

Things
thatuseelectricity:

Readpages4-7.

1 Writethe words.Thenwrite{if

it'ta renewable
resource.

coal ptants oil sun water animats

qx. u mo r l
4t.r 2
l.-\C.

Writefive thingsthat useetectricityandfive thingsthat

don't useelectricity.

siln

#ili[

-tqffif :

003

Things
thatdon'tuseetectricity:
(p

It',

o
o
o
o
o

Answerthe questions.
1 Whatresources
naturatly?
canreplace
themsetves
Ke,$sr**bi+
fiatairaiiy.
ra*ourcsscarnrg"ptnmffi,
t$lmfrTl*$tvs*
2 Whyiswatersoimportant?
3 Whatdo peop[edo if thereisn'tenoughwater?

2 Completethe sentences.
electricity fuels water Reneuabte
pollution fresh fossil
1

4 Howcanwe carefor water?

Kpnsvrabie resources
canreplace
themselves
naturally.

2 We a[ need

to [ive.

3 Peopleneed

waterto drink.

5 Whatis the probtem

with fossiIfuets?

for?
6 Whatdo youuseelectricity

gas,andoiI are
4 Coa[,
5 We make

in powerstations.

6 Whenwe makeresources
dirtythis is catled

i@

KeepingOurPlanetCool
3

Readpages8-11.

1 Writethe numbers.

New
Zealand

o
o
D
o
o
o
o
o
o

Bang[adesh
Sahara
Desert
China
USA
Tuvatu

GobiDesert

SouthKorea
Austratia

2 Completethe sentences.
warm fuels effect greenhousefossiI
sun carbon gases dioxide
1 Heatcomesto Earthfromthe
2 Someof the heatis trappedby a blanketof
effectkeepsEarth
3 Thegreenhouse
enoughfor usto livehere.
4 We makecarbondioxidewhenwe use
the
dioxideincreases
5 Carbon
andthis makesEarthwarmer.
6 Oceanandplantsuse

Write true or false.

1 Therearemanyriversin Bangtadesh.

irue

2 TheSahara
Desertis gettingsma[[er.
3 Manypeoptediedin a hurricane
in NewOrteans
in 2005.
4 Thesea[eve[is gettinglowerbecause
of
meltingice.
5 Funafati
is the capitalof Tuvatu.
6 lt's possibte
to growfoodon floatinggardens.

4 Orderthe words.
1 increases
/ Carbon
/ dioxide/ the/ etfect./ greenhouse
climate./gtobat/ our/ thlnk/ is / Scientists
/ that/
warming
/ changing

10 / tevet./ Funafati/ only/ Parts/ are/ of / centimeters

/
sea/ above

dioxide./ to / has/ Our/ reduce/ natural./planet/ ways/

carbon

5 Howcanwe keepour planetcool?

Travel
Reducing
+

3 Complete
the puzzle.Writethe secretword.

Readpages16-19.

Circlethe correctwords.
1 We canwalk or cyctefor long/ shortjourneys.
2 Smat[carsuseless/ morefuelthanbig cars.
wantto makecarsthat usesotarenergy/
3 Engineers
gasoline.
gasesintocleaner/
changeexhaust
converters
4 Catatytic
dirtiergases.
aremadefromfossilfuels,/ ptants.
5 Biofuets
with bigger/ smallerwingsusetessfuel.
6 Planes

2 Completethe chart.
big cars catatyticconverters cycting ptanes watking
gases
carbonoffsetting pollution biofuels exhaust
Goodfor Earth

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

We canuseetectricityto _ cars.
lf youwashyouwitt be_.
_ energycomesfromthe sun.
Theyhavefourwheelsandwe usethemfor traveling.
Thesefuelsaremadefromplants.
Sotar_ don'thavemuchspace.
Thisis the opposite
of sma[[.
Forshortjourneys
we canwalkor _.
Pottuti on
m ak esourc i ti es_.
_ usecarbondioxide.

Thesecretwordis:

4 Write abouthowyou travet.

Plants
Protectins

1 Completethe
foodchains.

a|u

We areusing

ffi

I
G

Manyusefulptantsgrow '*--"\.

mouse fox ptantPlankton

grass fish kitterwha[e
person sealion rabbit corn
lettuce owl cow

C Readpages24-27.

3 Match.Thenwrite sentences.

tr

Write true or false.

\\

in rainforests.

Fish

needptants.

We makeflour

eat plantplankton.

We atl

too manytrees.

*tua ,r r r ttrr",.*l *.
1 M a n v U *g .fu Pta
l
l ttnr r r o \,,,{
2

fromwheatandcorn.

"+

4
5

Answerthe questions.
1 Whatdoplantsneedto maketheirfood?

areat the startof everyfoodchain.

1 Peopte
2 A rabbitis in the middteof a foodchain.

2 WhatoiI is goodforyourhairandskin?

theygive
because
3 Ptantsareimportant
dioxide.
uscarbon

3 Whydo companies
cut downtrees?

to makefood
We useherbsandsPices
tastegood.
that canbe
Ptantscontainchemica[s
usedasmedicines.
lf we usemorefossiIfuets,we wit[ save
of plants.
mi[tions

4 Howcanwe protectptants?

Animals
V) Protecting
+

Readpages28-3L.

Writet he anim a t s .
1 lcnc i e h

7 ebe

2 tesif

B l yaogll

3 nat

9 o3rp,aebr

4 anpbhts

10 lsesbt

5 anpda

11 ehsFe

6 cwo

t2 eahwI

1 Thesepeopleki[[some
animals
for money.
ptacewhere
2 ThespeciaI
ananim all i v es .
3 lf therearen'tmanyof them
left,theseanimalsare_.
Thisis a hugeproblem
for animals.
$ ->
5 Bir dsgiveus_.
6 A veryimportant
habitat
foranima[s .
A hugean i m althat
livesin the ocean.
Theygiveus meatandmitk.

Correctthe sentences.

Completethe sentences.
honey compost farms work
animals eggs fish nectar
1 We shareourptanetwith manyother
of fishareraisedin
2 Largenumbers

1 Whenwecutdownrainforest
treeswedestroy
honey.
lf the iceat the NorthPolegrows,potarbearswitt be
in danger.

peop[ecoutdsetltheirtai[s.
3 Elephants
werehuntedbecause

giveus
3 Chickens
4 Beesget
make

Complete
the puzzte.

fromftowersto
4 Rainforests
arethe naturaIhabitatof potarbears.

alsohelpuswith
5 Animals
6 Wormshetpusby making

5 Anima[s
arein dangerin safariparks.

ThewayForward

6
3

Correctthe sentences.
1 lt'simportant
to remember
to turnon[ights.

Readpages32-35.

1 Completethe sentences.
Problems
for our ptanet:

less reuse food

energy electricity
transport greedy waste

2 It's badto eatfruitfromyourowncountry.

3 It'sgoodto reuseandrecycte
thingsas little as possibte.

1 We usetoo much
2 We maketoo much
3We

foodfromfar away.

4 We cannothetpthe planetin smaltways.

Howwe cancarefor our planet:

Answerthe questions.

4 We mustnot betoo
5 We canuse

energy.

6 We canbuy

fromourowncountry.

1 Wouldyou[iketo livein a cityor in a vittage?

Why?

asmuchas possib[e.

7 We can
8 We cansave

Wheredo you buythe foodthatyoueat?Wheredoesit

comefrom?

Writethe opposites.
Findthe page.
1 protect
2 increase
3 oLd
4 near
5 cotd
6 summer

dantacre
3 Whatcanwe do to carefor ourplanet?

AnAnimal
Poster

1 lmagineyouaregoingto adoptan animalin danger.

2 Writenotesandcompletethe diagramabout
youranima[.

S$hylr it
frrrdnngar?

AnElectricityDiary

1 Keepan electricitydiary.Write/ ru"rytime you use

somethingthat is poweredby etectricity.

lights

Natunalhatpntmt?
cornputer
telavision

C.Dplalar

Whmt$mmd
dss.*[t mmt?

t4mwr.mm
Nameof animal:

r**"hm.tp?

Hor-rmanl arg
le-{irn the,viorld?

Makea posteraboutyouranimal.Writesentences
and
pictures
add
to decorateyourposter.
4 Disptayyourposter.

Writeaboutthe results.Howcouldyou useless

electricity?
Disptayyourresutts.

GIossary ffi:1ilU"#:X"J::
:Tillilli
illXhXl'"1fr1,;ff[:::,
enough how muchwe want or need
escape to get awayfromsomething
everyday normal,not special
exercise what we do whenwe moveto
stay healthy
exhaustgases badair that comesout of
the backof a car
extreme verystronganddangerous
feathers the soft partsthat covera
bird'sbody
float to stay on the top of water
tly @luralflies) an insect
forest a placewith a lot of trees
fresh cleanand cool
fue[ somethingthat we useto produce
heator energy
furniture tables,chairs,beds,etc.
gas it's not a sotidor a liquid;[ikeair
gasoline(orpetrot) a liquidthat burnsand
p o w e rsa n engrne
chemistry
glass a hardmaterial;you can makebottles
ctimate the usualtype of weatherin a
a n dw i n d ow sw i th i t
country
greedy wantingmorethanyou need
coal otd woodthat you burnto makefire
comfortableniceto be in, for example,soft greenhousea buitdingmadeof glassfor
growingplants
bedsor chairs
grow to get bigger
company a groupof peoplethat makes
heatthy not sick
moneyby producingor sellingthings
huge verybig
contain to havesomethinginside
countrysidethe tandoutsidea town or city human from people
hurricanea verystrongwind
cover to put somethingoversomething;
to
increaseto get bigger,or to make
be oversomething
somethingbigger
crop a plantthat we growin largeamounts
insect a verysmatlanimalwithsix legs
dam a structurethat is built acrossa river
investigateto find out aboutsomething
to catchthe water
island landwith watera[[ around
damage to makesomethingbador weak
decompose to breakdowninto smatlerparts isolated far from other places
ivory tusks the white teethof elephants
destroy to damagesomethingverybadly
ki[[ to makesomethingor someonedie
die to stopliving
divide to breaksomethingintosma[lerparts lake a big areaof water
energy we needenergyto moveand grow, leather the skin of an anima[;we useit
to makeshoesandjackets
and machinesneedenergyto work
energyto
tight butb the glasspartof an electric
engine a machinethat produces
Light
rou" a vehicle
lampthat produces
that happens
by chance
accident something
adopt to carefor a childor an animalwhen
the parentscan'tdo this
bacteria verysimptetivingthings
beetle an insect
blanket a thick coverthat you put on a bed
blow to movewith the wind
breathe to take in and let out air through
yournoseand mouth
burn to makeflamesand heat
cancer a verydangerous
disease
capital the mainplacein a country
carry to take somethingto anotherplace
change to becomedifferent;to make
somethingdifferent
charity (pluralcharities)a groupof peopte
who collectmoneyto help peopleor
a n i ma ts
chemicaI a sotidor tiquidthat is madeby

dl

main the biggestor mostimportant

material somethingthat we useto make
otherthi ngs
medicine somethingthat you takewhen
you aresick,to makeyou better
melt to changeinto a liquid,like water
mi ni beasta verysm a[ [anim al
modern of today;not fromthe past
natural from nature;not madeby people
natural]esourcessomethingproducedby
our planet,that we can use
nectar a sweetliquidproducedby ftowers
nuctearenergy energythat is madeby
breaki ng
or j oi ni ngat om s
oit a tiquidfrom ptantsor animalsthat we
usefor cookingor to makegasotine
oxygen a gasthat we needto breathe
palm oil a thick liquidfrom palmtrees
passengersomeonewho travelsin a bus,
train,plane,ship,for example
ptanet a large,roundthing in spacethat
goesarounda star
plastic a man-madematerial
pollen the yettowpowderin flowers
pollute to make[and,water,or air dirty
power to makesomethingworkor operate
power station a buitdingwhereelectricity
i s made
predict to saywhatwi[[ happenin the future
problem somethingthat isn't easy
produce to growor makesomething
protect to keepsafefrom danger
pubtictransportationvehiclesthat we can
share[ike buses,planes,trains
raise to feedandtakecareof animats
rare not very many;not very often
recycleto useagain;to makesomething
new
reduce to makesomethingsma[[eror less
replace to put a newthing backin the
placeof an otd one
reuse to useagain
river wateron landthat goesto the ocean
roadsi gn a thi ngneara r oadwit h wor dsor
pi ctureson i t to tell youwh, r tlo r kr

run out to haveno moreof something

becauseit is finished
sea [eve[ how highthe wateris in the sea
or ocean
sheep(pluralsheep) an animalthat we
raisefor wool andmeat
ship a big boat
similar like someoneor something
soil the groundthat ptantsgrowin
solar fromthe sun
space an areawherethereis nothing;where
the moonandstarsare
special differentfromwhat is normal
steam the hot gasthat watermakeswhen
it boits
store to keepsomethingto uselater
technology the designof new things
temperature how hot or cotdsomethingis
tide the movementof the oceantoward
landandawayfrom land
tiny verysmall
transport to takesomethingor someone
from one olaceto anotherin a vehicte
trap to keepsomethingin a ptacewhereit
can'tescape
treat to makea sickpersonwe[[ again
useful that helpssomeoneto do something
goodsor
vehicle somethingthat transports
people
vitlage a groupof housestogetherin the
countryside;
it's smatlerthana town
vitamin somethingin foodthat makesus
heatthy;they arecaltedA, B, C, etc.
waste to usesomethingmorethanyou
haveto; thingsthat we throwaway
water wheel a wheel that turns in moving
waterto makeenergy
wave a [ineof waterthat movesacrossthe
top of the ocean
wing birdsand planeshavewingsto help
them to fly
without not havingsomething;
not doing
sonr ct hing
wool t lr c soll.t hi<: h.
k r irof slr ur . lr
wor m , r lonr l.llr ir r , r r r ir r wr
r , r lllrr r olr , r t s

SeriesEditor:HazelGeatches. CLILAdviser:
JohnClegg
OxfordReadand Discovergradedreaders
areat fourlevels,from
3 to 6, suitabte
for students
fromage8 andotder.Theycovermany
topicswithinthreesubjectareas,
andcansupportEnglish
across
the
(CLIL).
curriculum,
or Content
andLanguage
Integrated
Learning
Avai[ab]e
for eachreader:
. A u d i oC DP a c k( bo o k& a u d i oC D )
. ActivityBook
go to
ForTeacher's
Notes& CLILGuidance
www.oup.com/ elt/ teacher/reada
nddiscover
1 Subiec tTheWortdof Science
\rea
& Technology
Level \

The Natural
Wortd

HowWe Make Products

SoundandMusic
600
SuoerStructures
headwords YourFiveSenses

AmazingMinibeasts
Animatsin the Air
Life in Rainforests
WonderfulWater

t
t
.
750
headwords.

All About Plants

Howto StayHeatthy
MachinesThenand Now
Why We Recycle

. Al[ About DesertLife

. Al[ AboutOceanLife
" Animalsat Night
* Incredible
Earth

Materiatsto Products
MedicineThenand Now
Transportation
Then
900
headwords and Now
Witd Weather

. All Aboutlslands
' Animal LifeCycles
" ExploringOurWorld
' GreatMigrations

.
.
.
1,050
headwords.

.
.
.
.

Cetlsand Microbes
ClothesThenand Now
Incredibte
Energy
YourAmazingBody

TheWortd of Arts
& SocialStudies
FestivalsAround
the Worl.d
FreeTimeAround
the World
" Animalsin Art
. Wondersof the Past

HomesAround
the World
OurWorld in Art

. HelpingAround
Al[ AboutSpace
the Wortd
Caringfor Our Planet
. FoodAround
EarthThenand Now
the Wortd
WonderfulEcosystems

Foryoungerstudents,DotphinReadersLevelsStarter,t, and2 areavaitabte.

I
I