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Alligation or Mixture PDF
Alligation or Mixture PDF
1. Alligation:
It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the
given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of desired price.
2. Mean Price:
The cost price of a unit quantity of the mixture is called the mean price.
3. Rule of Alligation:
If two ingredients are mixed, then
Quantity of cheaper
Quantity of dearer
We present as under:
Mean price
(m)
(d m)
(m c)
Ex.1.
In what ratio must rice at Rs 9.30 per Kg be mixed with rice at Rs 10.80 per Kg so that the
mixture be worth Rs 10 per Kg?
Sol.
ratio=80:70
= 8:7
Ex.2.
How much water must be added
mixture worth I 10 2/3 a Hter?
Sol.
Ex.3.
How many kg. of salt at 42 P per kg. must a man mix with 25 kg. of salt at 24 P per kg. so that he may , on selling
the mixture at 40 P per kg, gain 25% on the outlay?
100
Sol.
P = 32 P per kg.
125
(By the rule of fraction)
42
24
32
10
Ratio = 4 : 5
Thus for every 5 kg. of salt at 24 P, 4 kg . of salt at 42 P is used.
4
:
= 20.
Ans.
Ex.4.
A mixture of a certain quantity of milk with 16 litres of water is worth 90 P per litre. If pure milk be worth Rs. 1.08
per litre how much milk is there in the mixture?
Sol.
milk
water
108
90
90 0
108 90
Ans.
Ex.5.
A goldsmith has two qualities of gold - one of 12 carats and another of 16 carats purity . In what proportion should
he mix both to make an ornament of 15 carats purity?
Sol.
II
12
16
15
Ex.6.
A person has a chemical of Rs 25 per litre. In what ratio should water be mixed in that chemical so that after selling
the mixture at Rs 20/litre he may get a profit of 25%?
Sol.
In this question the allegation method is applicable on prices, so we should get the average price of mixture.
SP of mixture = Rs.20/litre;
profit
= 25%
100
:
Average price = 20 x
= Rs. 16 / litre.
125
Chemical
Water
25
16
16
:
C : W
= 16 : 9 Ans.
Ex.7.
A container contained 80 kg of milk. From this container 8 kg of milk was taken out and replaced by water . This
process was further repeated two times. How much milk is now contained by the container?
Sol.
Amount of liquid left after n operations , when the container originally contains x units of liquid from which y units is
taken out each time is
xy
units.
x
kg
58.32 kg.
80
Ex.8.
A butler stores wine from a butt of sherry which contained 30% of spirit and he replaced what he had stolen by
wine containing only 12% of spirit. The butt was then 18% strong only. How much of the butt did he steal?
Sol.
By the allegation rule we find that wine containing 30% of spirit and wine containing 12% of spirit should be mixed in
the ratio 1 : 2 to produce a mixture containing 18% of spirit.
30%
12%
18%
6%
12%
Ratio = 6 : 12 = 1 : 2
This means that 1/3 of the butt of sherry was left , i.e. to say , the butler drew out 2/3 of the butt.
:
Ex.9.
In what ratio must rice at Rs. 9.30 per kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 10.80 per kg so that the mixture be worth Rs. 10
per kg?
Sol.
930
1080
Mean price
(in paise)
1000
80
:
Required ratio = 80 : 70
70
= 8 : 7.
Ex.10. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs. 15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively so as to get a
mixture worth Rs. 16.50 per kg?
Sol.
Rs.15
Rs.20
Mean price
Rs. 16.50
3.50
:
1.50
Ex.11. How many kgs. of wheat costing Rs.8 per kg must be mixed with 36 kg of rice costing Rs.5.40 per kg so that 20%
gain may be obtained by selling the mixture at Rs. 7.20 per kg?
Sol.
100
x 7.20
120
By the rule of allegation, we have :
= Rs. 6.
Mean price
(600 p)
60
st
200
nd
Ex.12. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs. 15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively so as to get a
mixture worth Rs. 16.50 kg?
Sol.
Rs. 15
Rs. 20
Mean price
Rs. 16.50
3.50
:
1.50
Ex.13. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts syrup. How much of the mixture must be drawn
off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup?
Sol.
3-
+ x
litres
8
5x
Quantity of syrup in new mixture = 5
litres
8
3x
:
5x
+x
=>
5x + 24 40 - 5x
=>
10x = 16
=>
x =
8
.
5
8
So, part of mixture replaced =
1
x
1
=
Ex.14. A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby gains 25%. The
percentage of water in the mixture is:
Sol.
4
x 1
125
Re.1
Mean price
Re. 4/5
4/5
1/5
= 4/5 : 1/5 = 4 : 1.
2
Ex.15.
Sol.
%.
3
3
100 x
x 1
350
Re. 1
Mean price
6
Re.
7
Ex.16.
kg.
Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to produce a mixture worth Rs. 6.30 a
Sol.
720p
570p
Mean price
630 p
60
: Required ratio: = 60 : 90 = 2 : 3.
90
Ex.17. A merchant has 1000 kg of sugar, part of which he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He gains 14% on the
whole. The quantity sold at 18% profit is:
Sol.
8%
18%
Mean profit
14%
3
x 1000
kg = 600 kg.
Ex.18. In what ratio must tea at Rs. 62 per kg be mixed with tea at Rs. 72 per kg so that the mixture must be worth Rs.
64.50 per kg.
Sol.
6200p
7200p
Mean price
6450p
750
250
Sol.
In vessel B, milk = 8/13 of the weight of mixture . Now we want to form a mixture in which milk will be 9/13 of the
weight of this mixture.
By alligation rule :
5/7
8/13
9/13
1/13
2/91
Ex.20. A trader has 50 kg of pulses , part of which he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit . He gain 14% on the
whole . What is the quantity sold at 18% profit ?
Sol.
By allegation method :
I part
II part
8% profit
18% profit
Mean profit
14%
4%
6%
= 4 : 6 = 2 : 3
50
There for the quantity sold at 18% profit =
x 3 = 30 kg.
2 + 3
Ex.21. A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which he sells at 10 % profit and the rest at 5% loss. He gains 7% on the whole .
What is the quantity sold at 10% gain and 5% loss?
Sol.
I part
II part
10
(-)5
12
Note :
Whenever there is loss, take the negative value. Here , difference between 7 and (-5) = 7 -(-5) = 7 + 5 = 12.
Never take the difference that counts negative value.
Ex.22. The cost of Type 1 rice is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 rice is Rs. 20 per kg . If both Type 1 and Type 2 are mixed in the
ratio of 2 : 3, then the price per kg of the mixed variety of rice is :
Sol.
Rs.15
Rs.20
Mean price
Rs. x
(20 x)
(x 15)
(20 x)
:
2
=
(x 15)
= > 60 - 3x
2x 30
= > 5x
= 90 = > x = 18.
Ex.23. A container contains 40 litres of milk . From this container 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by water .
This process was repeated further two times . How much milk is now contained by the container?
Sol.
4
=
40
litres
40 x
40
9
x
10
9
x
10
= 29.16 litres.
10
Ex.24. Two vessels A and B contain spirit and water mixed in the ratio 5 : 2 and 7 : 6 respectively . Find the ratio in
which these mixture be mixed to obtain a new mixture in vessel C containing spirit and water in the ratio 8 : 5?
Sol.
(5/7)
(7/13)
Mean price
(8/13)
(1/13)
(9/91)
: 9/91
= 7 : 9.
Ex.25. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of tea worth Rs. 60 a kg and Rs. 65 a kg so that by selling the mixture
at Rs. 68.20 a kg he may gain 10%?
Sol.
x 68.20
110
= Rs. 62.
Rs. 60
Rs. 65
Mean price
Rs.62
Required ratio
= 3 : 2.
1
Ex.26.
a litre?
Sol.
2
litres for Rs.20 so as to have a mixture worth Rs. 10
2
2
20 x
40
= Rs.
Mean price
32
Rs.
3
40
32
32
=
3
32
- 0
3
8
: Ratio of water and milk =
32
:
= 8 : 32 = 1 : 4.
3
1
x 60 litres
4
= 15 litres.
=
3
Ex.27. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts syrup. How much of the mixture must be drawn
off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and syrup ?
Sol.
+ x litres.
8
5x
Quantity of syrup in new mixture =
5-
litres.
8
3x
:
5x
+x
=>
5x + 24 = 40 5x
=>
10x = 16 = > x =
.
5
8
So, part of the mixture replaced =
1
x
1
=
.
5
Ex.28.
In what ratio must water to be mixed with milk to gain 20% by selling the mixture at cost price?
Sol.
Ex.29. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs 15 and Rs 20 per Kg respectively
so as to get a mixture worth Rs 16.50 per Kg?
Sol.
Ex.30. 4Kg s of rice at Rs 5 per Kg is mixed with 8 Kg of rice at Rs 6 per Kg .Find the average
of the mixture?
Sol.
price