How Computer Boots up?

Have you ever given it a thought that when you press the power button on your laptop
or PC, what happens behind the logo of Windows XP/Vista/Seven or Linux? From the
pressing of the power button to the appearance of the login screen there are more than
hundred components/peripherals that are initialized and thousand lines of code is
executed during the process of booting. But what is booting? We will look inside the
machine, that actually what all happens. So let us start
What is Booting?
Booting is a process or set of operations that loads and hence starts the operating
system, starting from the point when user switches on the power button.
What is Booting Sequence?
Basically documents related to booting are generally confusing as they are often related
to some specific operating system that is Linux machine or Windows machine. But I will
keep it as general as possible. General Booting sequence comprises of the following
steps:

Turn on the Power button.

CPU pins are reset and registers are set to specific value.
CPU jump to address of BIOS (0xFFFF0).

BIOS jumps to MBR(Master Boot Record).

Primary Bootloader runs from MBR and jumps to Secondary Bootloader.
Secondary Bootloaders loads Operating System.
Check sam file to log on
These are the tasks that are carried during booting process. Now let us discuss them in
detail.
As soon as we turn the power button, the reset signal is sent and the registers in the
CPU are set to their pre defined value. The first and foremost is the reset vector as
shown in the figure (example is taken of 4GB RAM). It should be noted that RAM
contains the garbage value at this time, and the instructions/data stored at any memory
location is due to the memory map of the chipset. Memory map maps the location
(address) to flash memory containing values or instructions. It is ensured that the
instruction stored at this reset vector location is jump to system BIOS, as BIOS takes up
further process of powering up the system.

BIOS-Basic Input Output System

As we have seen that at power up CPU is reset and its registers are set to the default
value, which is an address pointing or directing to the hardware containing BIOS.
Generally the hardware is EEPROM containing the BIOS. The tasks performed by BIOS
are categorized as follows:
POST - Power on Self Test is the foremost routine which checks and tests the basic
hardware. If it fails then it displays error.
Initialization of the hardware devices by letting them run their individual BIOS( eg.
video card have their own inbuilt BIOS code).
Searching for the Master Boot Record and reading it.
Copying the boot sector code to RAM and then switching the control to it.
Boot Sectors
A sector is a part of the hard disk having length of 512 bytes. A sector is termed
as boot sector because of its location and because this sector is responsible for
the further boot process of the system. This boot sector is generally called
Master Boot Record. The MBR is a 512-byte sector, which is located in the first
sector on the disk (sector 1 of cylinder 0, head 0). As soon as BIOS gets the boot
sector, it tends to copy MBR to RAM and switches the execution authority to it.
In the MBR the first 446 bytes are the primary boot loader, which is also referred as
PBL.

 The next sixty-four bytes are the partition table, which has the record for each of the
partitions.
The MBR ends with two bytes that should be 0xAA55. These numbers act as
validation that this sector is the boot sector or Master Boot Record.

How to reset bios default setting?

There are three way to reset Press F7 on bios setting.
Power off. Open casing, then open cmos battery. Wait for 10 minutes. Then
replace the battery to its place. Boot your pc.
Power off. Open casing. Change bios jumper 2-3 from 1-2. Start pc. Again set
jumper 1-2. Start your pc.
How to enter bios settingsTime of booting press F2/ DELETE button.
How to save bios settings?
Press F10 when you are in bios.