o lng l mt qu trnh : nh gi nh lng i lng cn o

c c kt qu bng s so vi n v o
Nguyn nhn gy ra sai s trong php o trc tip l : Do thit b o, Do
ngi thc hin php o, Do iu kin thc hin php o v bn thn ca i tng
o
Cn c vo cc loi dng in s dng trong c cu o ngi ta chia
thnh : Dng c o xoay chiu, Dng c o mt chiu
Cn c vo cch bin i nng lng t mch o vo c cu o ngi ta
chia dng c o thnh : Dng c o kiu c in, Dng c o kiu nhit in,
Dng c o in t v k thut s
Trong cc loi dng c no sau khng phi l dng c o in : Dng c
o nhit
Trong cc loi dng c no sau l dng c o in : m mt o in tr, Ot
mt, Vn mt
Dng c o nhit in l cc loi dng c o bin i : Nhit nng
thnh in nng
Dng c o kiu c in l cc loi dng c o bin i : C nng
thnh in nng
gim nh sai s ngu nhin thng dng phng php : Thc hin
php o nhiu ln
Sai s tuyt i l : Hiu gia gi tr thc ca i lng cn o vi
gi tr o c
o lng in l qu trnh : o cc i lng vt l khc thng qua
php o cc i lng in
n v o th hin : Gi tr n v tiu chun v mt i lng no
c quc t quy nh
khng m bo o theo kiu A l th hin : S bin ng o
khng theo quy lut
khng m bo o theo kiu B l th hin : S bin ng o theo
quy lut
1

Chc nng ca b phn cn du trong cc c cu o c in l : Gim

thi gian n nh
khng m bo o c trng cho : bin ng ca kt qu o
khng m bo chun tng hp l khng m bo o i vi :
Kt qu o hiu chnh
Cp chnh xc ca dng c o c qui nh l : Sai s tng i qui
i ca dng c o
in p ra ca cu o cn bng o in tr c gi tr ph thuc vo :
Bng 0V
Gi X l i tng cn o, X0 l n v o v A l con s ca kt qu o.
o lng l qu trnh so snh i lng cn o vi i lng mu v
c biu din bng biu thc sau :
X = A.X0
Vi X l kt qu khi o, Xth l gi tr thc ca i lng o. Sai s tuyt
i X c biu din bng biu thc no sau : X = Xth X
Vi X l kt qu khi o, Xth l gi tr thc ca i lng o. Sai s
tng i % c th hin bng biu thc no sau : % = (Xth
X)/Xth
Gi X l i lng u vo, Y l i lng u ra. Khi thay i u vo
mt lng l dX th u ra cng thay i mt lng l dY. nhy S ca
dng c o c xc nh bng biu thc sau : S = dY/dX
Cc ch tiu c bn nh gi dng c o c th hin bng nhng
ch tiu no sau : Tnh chnh xc ca dng c o, nhy v thi gian n nh
ca mt dng c o, Cng sut tiu th ca mt dng c o
nh gi tnh chnh xc ca dng c o thi thng qua cc sai s no
sau: Sai s tuyt i, Sai s tng i, Sai s quy i v sai s cho php
phn loi dng c o ngi ta da vo cc ch tiu no ? i lng cn
o, Bin i nng lng t mch o vo c cu o, Tn hiu s dng trong c cu o
Cc yu t no sau nh hng n kt qu o : Ngi thc hin php o v
gia cng kt qu o, Dng c o v iu kin mi trng khi thc hin php o
2

Da vo i lng cn o ngi ta phn dng c o thnh : Dng c o

in, Dng c o khng in, Dng c o thng tin
Hy la chn cc cch o no sau y cho kt qu km chnh xc : o
gin tip
Hy in t cn thiu vo cu sau:
Mt dng c o m tiu thu cng sut khi o Cng nh th
c chnh xc cng cao
Mt h thng o bao gm n thit b o mc ni tip vi nhau, gi sai s
tng i ca cc thit b o l I (i=1n). Vy sai s tng i ca h
thng o s l : =
Trong phng php o bin i thng th khu bin i no sau y s
quyt nh chnh xc ca php o : b m ha
Trong phng php o so snh th khu bin i no s quyt nh
chnh xc ca php o : b so snh
Thit b o c s cu trc nh hnh bn. Khu A trong thit b o l
khu : b x l tn hiu
Mch
o

chuy
n i s
cp

ng ho o c dng in cng nh th nhy ca n s : cng ln

Dng c o in c in tr ra cng nh th cng sut tiu th ca n s
: cng nh
Mt dng c o c cu trc theo kiu bin i thng gm n khu bin
i, mi khu c mt nhy ring (S1, S2 .. , Sn) th nhy ca ton
dng c l S s c gi tr : S = S1. S2Sn
Thit b o c s cu trc nh hnh bn. Khu A trong thit b o l
khu : Mch o
chuy
n i s
cp

Ch th

Hiu chnh kt qu o nhm mc ch : B li cc sai s h thng

Cc thit b o tng t m c cu ch th ca n dng tia sng ch th s
c : nhy cao
Thit b o c s cu trc nh hnh bn. Khu A trong thit b o l
khu : chuyn i s cp

Mch
o

Ch th

Mt volmet c gii hn o 250V, dng volmet ny o in p 200V th

c kt qu 210V. Sai s tng i ca php o l : 5%
Mt ampemet c gii hn o 30A, cp chnh xc 1%, khi o ng h ch
10A th gi tr thc ca dng in cn o l : 9,710,3 A
Mt in tr thc c gi tr 20. Khi dng mmt o in tr ny th
gi tr o c l 19 hi sai s tuyt i l bao nhiu ? 1,00
Mt in tr thc c gi tr 20. Khi dng mmt o in tr ny th
gi tr o c l 19 hi sai s tng i l bao nhiu ? 5%
ng h dng in c in tr vo mi vn l 5000 /V th nhy thc
t l : S= 200A
Mt vnmt c thang o 10V, bit khi o in p l 4V c sai s ca
php o l 2%. Vy chnh xc ca vnmt s l : 0,8%
Ampemet c thang o 2A, sai s 1.5%. Khi o thang o 0,8A s c sai
s l : 3.75%
in p ri trn mt ph ti l 50V, nhng khi o bng 1 vn mt th s
ch ca vn mt l 49V. chnh xc ca php o s l:
A. 0.88
B. 0.98
C. 0.78
D. 0.68
Mt vnmt c thang o 10V, bit khi o in p l 4V c sai s ca
php o l 2%. Vy sai s ca vnmt s l:
4

A. 2,5 %
B. 0,5%
C. 1 %
D. 1,5%
o in tr R bng phng php vn-ampe (vnmt mc trc
ampemt). Bit in tr ca vnmet rV = 50k v in tr ca ampemet
rA = 1, in tr cn o R =250. Vy sai s ca php o R trn s l :
0.4%
o in tr R bng phng php vn-ampe (ampemt mc trc
vnmt). Bit in tr ca vnmet rV = 100k v in tr ca ampemet
rA = 1, in tr cn o R =200. Vy sai s ca php o R trn s l :
0.2%
in p ri trn mt in tr ph l 80V. Khi o bng vnmt l 79V th
sai s tuyt i l : 1V
in p ri trn mt in tr ph l 80V. Khi o bng vnmt l 79V th
sai s tng i l : 1,25%
in p mt chiu 20V c ln lt o bi mt vn mt tng t v
vn mt s. Bit vn mt tng t c thang o l 25V v chnh xc l
2%, vn mt s c b ch th 3 1/2 ch s v chnh xc l (0.6+1).
chnh xc ca tng php o dng vn mt tng t v vn mt s
l : 2.5% v 1,1%
Mt multimet c chnh xc l (0.5+1). Dng multimet ny o
in p trn ti, sai s ti php o 1.800V s l : 0,56%
o in tr R bng phng php vn-ampe. Bit khng m bo o
ca cc php o dng v p l u I v uV, I v V l kt qu c c trn
ampemet v vn mt. Vy khng m bo o ca cc php o R s
l :
Cc c cu no sau y cho php o dng mt chiu : T in, in t,
in ng
Cc c cu no sau y cho php o dng xoay chiu : in t, in ng
Cc c cu no sau y ch o dng mt chiu m khng o dng xoay
chiu : T in
Cc c cu no sau y khng cn b phn cn du : T in
5

Ngi ta s dng c cu no sau y to ra dng c o cng sut :

in ng
Cc c cu no sau y c s dng lm Ampemt v Vnmt xoay
chiu : in t, in ng
C cu o in ng c s dng lm dng c o no sau y : Amme
mt, Vn mt, Ot mt
to ra dng c o tn s ngi ta s dng c cu no sau y: T l
k in ng
Hnh bn l k hiu ca c cu o no sau y : c cu o in ng

to ra dng c o in tr ln ngi ta s dng c cu no sau y :

T l k t in
Hnh bn l k hiu ca c cu o no sau y : c cu o t in

to ra dng c o h s cng sut ngi ta s dng c cu no sau

y : T l k in ng
to ra thang o dng ln trong c cu o t in ngi ta phi lm g
: Mc vo c cu mt in tr song song vi c cu o v c gi
tr nh hn in tr c cu
Hnh bn l k hiu ca c cu o no sau y : c cu o in t

 to ra thang o p ln trong c cu o t in ngi ta phi lm g :

C a, b, c
A. Mc vo c cu mt in tr ni tip vi c cu o v c gi tr nh
hn in tr c cu.
B. Mc vo c cu mt in tr ni tip vi c cu o v c gi tr bng
in tr c cu.
C. Mc vo c cu mt in tr ni tip vi c cu o v c gi tr ln
hn in tr c cu.
D. C a, b, c
Gc quay ca c cu t in t l bc my vi dng in : Bc mt
Gc quay ca c cu in t t l bc my vi dng in : Bc hai
to ra thang o dng ln trong c cu o in t ngi ta phi lm
g : Chia nh cun dy in t thnh nhng phn on
to ra thang o p ln trong c cu o in t ngi ta phi lm g :
Mc vo c cu mt in tr ni tip vi c cu o
Gc quay ca c cu o t in c biu din bng biu thc no
sau : = Bws.I
Gc quay ca c cu o in t c biu din bng biu thc no
sau : = I1.I2
Gc quay ca c cu o ng c biu din bng biu thc no sau :
C ba u sai
Gc quay ca c cu o in ng o dng mt chiu c biu
din bng biu thc no sau : = I1.I2
Gc quay ca c cu o in ng o dng xoay chiu c biu
din bng biu thc no sau : = I1.I2.cos
Gc quay ca t l k in ng c biu din bng biu thc no
sau : = F()
Gc quay ca t l k t in c biu din bng biu thc no sau
: = F()
7

Trong dng c o, chuyn i s cp lm nhim v : Chuyn i tn

hiu o thnh tn hiu in
Trong dng c o, mch o thc hin chc nng : Thu thp, gia cng
thng tin o sau cc chuyn i s cp, thc hin cc thao tc
tnh ton trn s mch
Ch th t ghi dng : Ghi li nhng tn hiu o thay i theo thi
gian
B ch th s gm cc khu l : M ha Gii m Hin th s
C cu o cm ng c momen quay t gi tr ln nht khi gc lch pha
gia hai t trng t : 900
C cu o in ng c 2 l xo phn khng dng : To ra momen
cn v dn in vo cun dy
C cu o t in l c cu o : Ch o c dng mt chiu
i vi c cu t in, khi dng in u vo tng gp i th gc quay :
Tng gp i
u im ca c cu ch th t in l : t b nh hng ca t trng
nhiu bn ngoi; chnh xc cao, cng sut tiu th b; Thang
o chia u
C cu o in t : o c dng mt chiu v dng xoay chiu
tn s thp
i vi c cu in t, khi dng in u vo tng gp i th gc quay :
Tng 4 ln
Nhc im ca c cu ch th t in l : Kh nng chu qu ti km;
Ch o c dng mt chiu; Cu to phc tp, gi thnh cao
u im ca c cu ch th in t l : Chu s qu ti tt, d ch to
Nhc im ca c cu ch th in t l : Tiu th cng sut ln;
nh hng ca t trng bn ngoi ln; Km chnh xc, thang
o khng u

Nhc im ca c cu ch th in ng l : Tiu th cng sut ln,

nhy thp; Thang o khng u; nh hng ca t trng
bn ngoi ln
iu kin c mmen quay tc ng ln c cu cm ng l : Phi c
t nht hai t trng xoay chiu
Yu cu i vi vt liu ch to nhit in tr l : C h s nhit
ln, bn ha hc, in tr sut ln, kh chy
gim tn hao nhit dn, chiu di ca nhit in tr : Cn phi ln
hn ng knh dy gp nhiu ln
Trong cc c cu o di dy c cu no c nhy ln nht : c cu
o t in
u im ca b ch th tinh th lng LCD so vi LED 7 thanh l : dng
tiu th nh
Cm bin phi tuyn c nhy : ph thuc vo gi tr i lng vo
Mch cu o c s nh hnh bn. in p ra ca cu c xc nh :
Ura = (

- ). E

ng

Eng

Ura

Trong php o dng in, yu cu c bn v in tr ni ca dng c o

so vi in tr ca ph ti phi : Nh hn nhiu ln
Trong php o dng in; in tr ni ca dng c o phi nh hn
nhiu ln so vi in tr ph ti nhm mc ch : Gim sai s ca
php o
m rng gii hn o cho php o dng in mt chiu th phi dng
in tr mc : song song vi c cu o

My bin dng (BI) c cng dng : Bin dng in ln thnh dng

in nh ph hp vi dng c o tiu chun
S ampe k nh hnh bn. Khi di chuyn kha K t v tr s 1 n 3
th in tr ni ca my o s : Gim xung

RCC

10

1
0,1

2
3

My bin dng in (BI) ch c s dng o loi dng in : Xoay

chiu
Khi s dng my bin dng (BI), Dng in cn o I 1 c tnh : I1 =
Ki.I2
Mt my bin dng in c t s bin dng l 25; Gi tr dng in c
c l 2,5A. Th gi tr thc t ca dng in trong mch l : 62,5A
Dng in th cp nh mc ca my bin dng l : 5A
Khi o in p; php o c chnh xc, in tr c cu so vi in
tr ti phi : Rt ln
m rng gii hn o ca php o in p mt chiu th phi dng
in tr mc : Ni tip vi c cu o
Gii hn o ca in p cng c m rng khi : Rp cng ln so vi
Rcc
xc nh tng tr vo ca von k; ngi ta s dng khi nim :
nhy
Khi s dng my bin in p, in p cn o U1 c tnh : U1= Ku.U2

10

Mt my bin in p (BU), c t s bin p l 1150. Gi s in p c

c trn Vn mt l 95V th gi tr thc t in p trn thanh gp l :
109.250V
in p th cp nh mc ca my bin p l : 100V
Cng sut mng in mt chiu c o gin tip bng : Vn mt v
Am pe mt DC
Cng sut mng in mt chiu c o trc tip bng : Wattmets DC
Phn t c bn trong Wattmet DC la : Cun dng v cun p
Khi mc ngc cc tnh ca mt trong hai cun dy ca Wattmet DC th
kim ca n s : Quay ngc li
Khi o in tr bng cu Wheastone nh hnh 13. Du hiu bit cu
cn bng l : in k G ch 0V

C
RX

R2

K
R3

R4
D

Cng sut tc dng mng 3 pha 3 dy c o trc tip bng :

Wattmet 3pha 2 phn t
Khi dng cu Wheastone nh hnh bn.Nu
tnh : RX = R2

=1, th in tr RX c

C
RX
A

R2

K
R3

R4
D

11

Khi s dng s Vn mt- Am pe mt o gin tip in tr. Nu

in tr cn o cng ln so vi in tr trong ca Am pe k th : Sai s
ln hn, khng chnh xc
Dng ba Wattmet 1 pha o cng sut tc dng mng 3 pha khi :
Mng ba pha bn dy v ph ti khng i xng
Dng 2 Wattmet 1 pha o cng sut tc dng mng 3 pha khi :
Mng ba pha 3 dy v ph ti khng i xng
Dng 1 Wattmet 1pha o cng sut tc dng
Mng ba pha c ph ti i xng

mng 3 pha khi :

Khi s dng s Ampemet- Vonmet o gin tip in tr. Nu in

tr cn o cng nh so vi in tr ni ca volt k th : Sai s c
gim thiu
Khi s dng s Ampemet- Vonmet o gin tip in tr. Nu in
tr cn o kh ln so vi in tr ni ca volt k th : Sai s ln hn,
khng chnh xc
Cu to ca Mgmet bao gm cc b phn chnh : Hai cun dy t
lch nhau 900
Trong Mgmet phi s dng ngun cung cp c gi tr ln l do : in
tr cn o c gi tr ln
H s phm cht ca cun dy c nh ngha : Q=
H s phm cht ca cun dy c ngha : nh gi mc thun
cm ca cun dy
$. Cu o in cm nh hnh bn. Ngun cp cho mch c hot ng,
ni ti im : A v B

12

M rng thang in p cho von mt xoay chiu dung : in tr ph

v bin p o lng

Cu o in cm nh bn. Ngun cp cho

Ngun xoay chiu

mch hot ng phi l:

T in l tng l t in : Khng tiu th cng sut tc dng

Cu o in cm nh hnh bn. S ny ch p dng khi : Thnh phn
RX khng ng k

Tn s k ch th s (loi m tn s) c s xung m c N c xc
nh theo biu thc: N= K
13

iu chnh hng s ca cng t bng cch : iu chnh v tr ca nam

chm vnh cu
Tn s k ch th s (loi m thi gian) c s xung m c N c
xc nh theo biu thc: N= K
S tng ng t in tn hao t bao gm : t in thc c in
dung C ni tip vi in tr R
Phi chnh 0 cho ohm mt v : Do ngun pin yu
Thay i thang o ca vn mt t in bng cch : thay i in tr
ph ca vn mt
o in tr cch in ca ng dy bng megmet th gi tr in tr
o c s : nh hn gi tr in tr cch in thc
o cng sut tc dung 3 pha ti bt k ngi ta dng s hai
wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Bit P1 v P2 l cng sut trn
2 watt met 1 v 2. Khi cng sut tc dng 3 pha P3pha s c gi tr
l: P3pha = P1 + P2

Cu i Kelvin o c tr s in tr nh di 1 ohm v : Loi b c

in tr dy dn
Mch in nh hnh bn. Nu rA = 1, rV = 10K, in tr Rx khong
1K, trng IX hp ny s : Khng nn dng, do sai s ln

Thay i thang o cho ampetmt t in bng cch : thay i in tr

sun
14

Mch in nh hnh. Nu rA = 1, rV =
10K, th ch cho php o in tr Rx
khong : 10K tr ln

Vnmt s chuyn i thi gian 2 nhp c im khc bit g so vi

vnmt s chuyn i thi gian 1 nhp : Tt c cc phng n trn
u ng

15

Cu o in dung ca t in c s nh hnh bn. Bit t mu c

mc trn nhnh 1(R1 v C1). Vy t cn o c Rx, Cx v tg c xc
nh theo biu thc: ( l gc tn hao ca t in) : RX = R1 ; CX = C1 ;
tg = R1C1

B phn ch th ca megmt o in tr l : t l k t in
o cng sut phn khng 3 pha ti bt k ngi ta dng s hai
wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Bit P1 v P2 l cng sut trn 2
watt met 1 v 2. Khi cng sut phn khng 3 pha Q3pha s c gi tr
l: S ny khng o c Q3pha

Hin tng t quay ca cng t cm ng 1 pha xy ra khi : khi mmen

b ln hn mmen ma st
o cng sut phn khng 3 pha ti i xng ngi ta dng s hai
wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Bit P1 v P2 l cng sut trn 2
watt met 1 v 2. Khi cng sut phn khng 3 pha Q3pha s c gi tr
l: Q3pha=(P1-P2)

Cu n mt chiu o in tr lm vic da trn nguyn l so snh : so

snh cn bng

16

Cu o Wheatstone khng o tr s in tr nh di 1 ohm v : Khng k

n in tr dy dn v tip xc
C cu o in t c dng ch to vnmet in t th cun dy phi
c : S vng dy ln v tit din nh
C cu o in t c dng ch to ampemt in t th cun dy
phi c : S vng dy nh v tit din ln
o cng sut tc dung 3 pha trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi
ta dng ba wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Hy ch ra l wattmt
no b mc ngc: wattmet th hai

Ch to megmt t in nhiu thang o bng cch : Dng cc ngun

in vi cc in tr ph khc nhau
C cu ch th cn bng cho cu o mt chiu l : in k t in
S ampe k nh hnh bn. Khi kha K t ti v tr s 2 th gi tr Shunt
c tnh : Rs= R1+ R2

Khi o cng sut tc dng trong mch 3 pha 3 dy bng 2 wattmet tc

dng 1 phn t, nu c 1 wattmet ch ngc cn phi : i li cc tnh
ca cun dng hoc cun p
Wattmet in ng 1 pha khng o c cng sut no sau y : o cng
sut tn s cao
Cu o in cm ca cun dy dng t mu c s nh hnh bn. Gi
tri in cm Lx v Rx cn o s l : LX = R2R3C4 ; RX = R2

17

Nhc im ca vnmt s chuyn i thi gian 1 nhp l : chnh xc

khng cao
$ o cng sut phn khng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta
dng ba wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). o c cng sut
phn khng 3 pha cn phi : i li cc tnh cun p ca wattmet 2

Ampemt in ng o dng in ln c cun dy tnh v cun dy ng

c mc : song song vi nhau
o cng sut phn khng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta
dng ba wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Hy ch ra l wattmt
no b mc ngc: wattmet th nht

o cng sut tc dng trong mch in xoay chiu 1 pha ngi ta

dng wattmet tc dng 1 phn t mc qua cc my bin p v bin
dng o lng (hnh bn). Hy ch ra cun dy no ca wattmt b mc
ngc: cun dng

18

Ampemet t in nhiu thang o c s theo kiu nhiu cp (cc in

tr sun mc ni tip vi nhau ) c khc bit g so vi s kiu tng cp
(cc in tr sun mc song song vi nhau) : nhy cao hn
o cng sut phn khng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta
dng ba wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). o c cng sut
phn khng 3 pha cn phi: i li cc tnh cun dng ca wattmet 3

S ampe k nh hnh bn . Cc in tr R1, R2, R3 c nhim v : M

rng gii hn o

S ampe k nh hnh bn . Khi kha K t ti v tr s 1 th gi tr

Shunt c tnh : Rs= R1+R2+R3

19

 o cng sut tc dng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta

dng s nh hnh bn. c th o c cng sut tc dng 3 pha cn
phi i li : cc tnh ca cun p ca wattmet

Tn s k m nghch o (m chu k) thng dng thay cho tn s k

hin s trong trng hp : khc phc sai s khi o tn s thp
Cu o in dung ca t in c s nh hnh bn. Bit t mu c
mc trn nhnh 1(R1 v C1). Vy t cn o c Rx v Cx c xc nh
theo biu thc : RX = R1 ; Cx = C1

o cng sut phn khng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta dng ba wattmet tc
dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Hy ch ra l wattmt no trong s b mc ngc : khng c
wattmet no mc ngc

o cng sut tc dng 3 pha ti i xng ngi ta dng s hai

wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Bit P1 v P2 l cng sut trn 2
watt met 1 v 2, l gc pha ca ti. tg s c gi tr l : tg =

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 o cng sut phn khng 3 pha trong mch 3 pha ph ti bt k ngi

ta c th dng phng php o no sau y : mt wattmet phn khng
3 pha 2 phn t
o cng sut phn khng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta
dng ba wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Hy ch ra l wattmt
no b mc ngc: wattmet th hai

o cng sut tc dng 3 pha ti bt k ngi ta dng s hai

wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Bit P1 v P2 l cng sut trn 2
watt met 1 v 2. Khi cng sut ba pha P3pha s c gi tr l: P3pha = (P1 + P2)

o cng sut tc dng trong mch in xoay chiu 3 pha ngi ta

dng hai wattmet tc dng 1 phn t (hnh bn). Cng sut tc dng
P3pha s c gi tr l: P3pha = P1 + P2

o cng sut tc dng xoay chiu 3 pha trong mch cao p ngi ta
mc s nh hnh bn. Hy ch ra c watt met b mc sai trong s
: watt met th 2

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Mt c cu o t in c RCC =500 v dng in nh mc Im = 5mA.

C cu ny c dng ch to ampemet t in c thang o 2A phi
dng in tr sun c gi tr l : Rs 1,25
Mt c cu o t in c RCC =2k v dng in nh mc Im = 0.5mA.
C cu ny c dng ch to vn met t in c thang o 30V phi
dng in tr ph c gi tr l :
58 000
Mt ng h c ghi 1kWh-1500 vng. Trong 4 pht quay c 100 vng.
Bit sai s ca cng t l 2%. Cng sut tiu th in ca h gia nh trn
l : 980W
Trong mch 3 pha cng sut phn khng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i
xng. Bit cng sut phn khng trn 1 pha bt k l 270Var, in p Ud
= 380V, dng in Id = 2A, wattmet c Um = 600V, Im =5A, thang o
c 200 vch. Vy s ch trn 2 wattmet s l: 50.2 vch v 19 vch
Trong mch 3 pha cng sut tc dng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i
xng. Khi o s ch ca 1 wattmet l 38 vch. Bit in p Ud = 380V,
dng in Id = 2,5A, wattmet c Um = 600V, Im =5A., thang o c 150
vch. Vy s ch ca wattmet cn li s l : 43.7 vch
Trong mch 3 pha cng sut tc dng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i
xng. Bit cng sut tc dng trn 1 pha bt k l 360W, in p Ud =
380V, dng in Id = 2,2A, wattmet c Um = 500V, Im =5A., thang o
c 100 vch. Vy s ch trn 2 wattmet s l : 32.7 vch v 10.5 vch
Cho cu mt chiu n vi in tr so snh R2 c gi tr t 0 n 9999
(lun l mt s nguyn). T s vai K= R3/R4 c gi tr bng 10n vi n l
mt s nguyn bng t - 3 n +3. Bit in tr cn o nm trong
khong t 1 n di 100. Khi cn bng cu xong ta c gi tr R2 =
7862. Vy chn t s vai no sau y cu cn bng c : K=10-3

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Mt vnmet t in nhiu thang o (cc in tr ph c mc ni tip

vi nhau) c to thnh t c cu o t in c RCC =500 v dng in
nh mc Im = 50A . ng vi hai thang o 01V v 05V th gi tr
cc in tr ph Rp1 v Rp2 tng ng mc vo s l : 19,5k v 80k
Cu o in dung dng t in mu c RM = 800 v C M = 1F. Nu t
cn o c in tr Rx = 500 th in dung Cx s l : 1.6F
Hnh bn l s cu trc ca mt cng t in t 1pha. Khu K trong s
chnh l : b m

Trong mch 3 pha cng sut tc dng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i

xng. Khi o cng sut trn cc wattmet ln lt l 1150W v 650W. Vy
gi tr ca h s cng sut ca ti cos s l : cos 0.9
Trong mch 3 pha cng sut phn khng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i
xng. Khi o cng sut trn cc wattmet ln lt l 1150W v 650W. Bit
in p Ud = 380V, vy gi tr ca dng in Id s l : 3.04A
Cu o in dung ca t in c s nh hnh bn. Gi tri in dung cn
o Cx v Rx s l :
Cx = ; Rx =

Trong mch 3 pha cng sut tc dng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i

xng. Bit P3fa = 720W; Id = 3A, Ud = 380V. Vy cng sut trn cc
wattmet ln lt l : 890.8W v -170,8W
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Trong mch 3 pha cng sut phn khng o theo s 2 wattmet ti i

xng. Bit Q3fa = 600Var; Id = 3A, Ud = 380V. Vy cng sut trn cc
wattmet ln lt l : 1114W v 767.4W
Mt ng h c ghi 1kWh-900 vng. Cho cng t chy trong 1 pht quay
c 30 vng, bit cng sut tiu th in l 1900W. Sai s ca cng t
trn s l : 5%
Mt c cu o t in c RCC =500 v dng in nh mc Im = 5mA,
thang o c 50 vch. C cu ny c dng ch to vn met t in
c thang o 10V. S ch ca c cu l : 9.2 vch
Cu o in cm ca cun dy dng t mu t mu c RM = 300, CM
=0.1F. Cun dy cn o c Rx =500. Gi tri in cm Lx cn o s l :
Lx = 15mH
Cho cu mt chiu n vi in tr so snh R2 c gi tr t 0 n 9999
(lun l mt s nguyn). T s vai K= R3/R4 c gi tr bng 10n vi n l
mt s nguyn bng t - 3 n +3. Bit in tr cn o nm trong
khong t 1 n di 10. Khi cn bng cu xong ta c gi tr R2 = 972.
Vy chn t s vai no sau y cu cn bng c : K= 10-2
kim tra cng t 1 pha (trn mt cng t c ghi 1kWh-2500 vng),
ngi ta dng wattmet in ng c Um = 300V; Im =20A, thang o c
150 vch, khi o wattmet ch 90 vch. Hi trong 2 pht cng t quay c
bao nhiu vng bit sai s ca cng t l 2% : 306 vng
Cu o in dung ca t in c s nh hnh bn. Bit t cn o c Rx
=500, t mu c R1 = 300, C1 =1F. Vy gi tr in dung cn o Cx
l : 0.6 F

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