Cu 10: Nn nh khng tn hao

-Nn nh gm c hai loi chnh l nn c tn hao v nn khng tn hao

Nn khng tn hao: th nhc im l dung lng tp tin khng gim nhiu so vi
d liu gc nhng u im l d c chnh xc dng thng tin d liu
Nn nh khng tn hao c a thch cho mc ch lu tr v thng cho hnh
nh y t, bn v k thut, clip ngh thut, hoc truyn tranh.
Cc phng php nn nh khng tn hao
Phng php m ha lot di RLE (Run Length Encoding)
-M ho theo di lot RLE (Run Length Encoding) l mt phng php nn
nh da trn s ct bt cc d tha v khng gian (mt vi hnh nh c vng
mu ln khng i c bit i vi nh nh phn). Lot c nh ngha l dy
cc phn t im nh (pixel) lin tip c cng chung mt gi tr.

-Nguyn tc ca phng php ny l pht hin mt lot cc im nh lp li

lin tip, v d: 110000000000000011. Ta thy im nh c gi tr 0 xut hin
nhiu ln lin tip thay v phi lu tr ton b cc im nh c gi tr 0 ta ch
cn lu tr chng bng cch s dng cc cp ( di lot, gi tr).
-Phng php nn RLE ch t hiu qu khi chui lp ln hn 1 ngng nht
nh no hay ni cc khc trong nh cn nn phi c nhiu im nh k
nhau c cng gi tr mu. Do phng php ny khng em li cho ta kt
qu mt cch n nh v n ph thuc hon ton vo nh nn ch thch hp
cho nhng nh en trng hay nh a cp xm
Phng php m ho LZW
- Phng php ny xy dng t in lu cc chui k t c tn sut lp li cao
v thay th bng t
m tng ng mi khi gp li chng, n hay hn cc phng php trc
k thut t chc t in cho php nng cao t l nn.
-Phng php ny xy dng t in lu cc chui k t c tn sut lp li cao
v thay th bng t
m tng ng mi khi gp li chng
-Gii thut LZW c dng cho tt c cc loi file nh phn, thng
c dng nn cc loi d liu nh : vn bn, nh en trng, nh mu,
nh a cp sm v l chun nn cho cc dng nh GIF v TIFF.
Thut ton DEFLATE
-Trong tnh ton, DEFLATE l thut ton nn d liu khng mt ph v nh
dng tp tin lin quan s dng s kt hp ca thut ton LZ77 v m ha
 Huffman. N ban u c xc nh bi Phil Katz cho phin bn 2 ca cng c
lu tr PKZIP ca mnh. nh dng tp sau ny c ch nh trong RFC
1951. [1]
Mt lung Deflate bao gm mt lot cc khi. Mi khi c ng trc bi
mt tiu 3-bit
-Hu ht cc d liu nn s c m ha bng cch s dng phng php 10,
m ha Huffman nng ng, to ra mt cy Huffman ti u c ty chnh cho
tng khi d liu ring l
-Nn c thc hin qua hai bc:
*Vic kt hp v thay th cc chui lp li vi cc con tr.
*Thay th cc k hiu bng cc k hiu mi c trng s da trn tn sut s
dng
- Thut ton ny c s dng rng ri trong cc nh dng nh PNG,MNG,TIFF
M chui (chain code)
M chui l mt thut ton nn khng tn hao cho cc hnh nh n sc.
Nguyn tc c bn ca m chui l m ha tng thnh phn kt ni, hoc
"blob", trong hnh nh.

i vi mi vng nh vy, mt im trn ranh gii c chn v ta ca
n c truyn i. B m ha sau di chuyn dc theo ranh gii ca vng
v, mi bc, truyn mt biu tng i din cho hng ca chuyn
ng ny.

iu ny tip tc cho n khi b m ho tr v v tr bt u, ti thi im
m c m t hon ton v m ho tip tc vi blob tip theo
trong hnh nh.

Phng php m ha ny c bit hiu qu i vi hnh nh bao gm mt
s lng nh cc thnh phn kt ni ln