ED

927 Syllabus

Spring 2016

Research Seminar: Language Planning and Policy in Education

Professor Nancy H. Hornberger

Office: Room 334, 8-7957, nancyh@upenn.edu
Mondays 12-2, Education 322

Appts: Please call Mary Schlesinger at 8-3245



Course description
Seminar participants are introduced to concepts, theories, and methods in the field of language
planning and policy, which they then apply in developing their own library-based research on
specific language planning cases from around the world. Cases may include: official language
decisions, instructional medium choices, literacy initiatives, gender-neutral language reforms,
foreign/heritage/second language pedagogy and policy, Indigenous language revitalization efforts, or
other language-related decisions and policies at international, national or local levels.

Core required texts
Cooper, Robert L. 1989. Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge University Press.
Hult, F. M., & Johnson, D. C., eds. 2015. Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical
Guide. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Johnson, David C. 2013. Language Policy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
McCarty, Teresa L., ed. 2011. Ethnography and Language Policy. New York: Routledge [selections]
Menken, K., & Garca, O., eds. 2010. Negotiating Language Policies in Schools: Educators as
Policymakers. New York: Routledge. [selections]

Other related texts:
Canagarajah, A. Suresh, ed. 2005. Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Erlbaum.
Hornberger, Nancy H., ed. 1996. Indigenous Literacies in the Americas: Language Planning from the
Bottom up. Berlin: Mouton.
Johnson, David C., ed. 2013. Ethnography of Language Policy: Theory, Method and Practice. IJSL 219
Ricento, Thomas, ed. 2006. An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method. Blackwell.
Ricento, Thomas, ed. 2015. Language Policy and Planning: Critical Concepts (4 vols). Routledge.
Tollefson, James W. 1991. Planning Language, Planning Inequality: Language Policy in the Community.
London: Longman.
Course Outline

Part I -- Language Planning and Policy (LPP): Theory and method

1/13
Cancelled due to student absence
1/18
MLK DAY no class
1/25
Meeting 1 Course overview / Introduction: LPP as a field of research
2/1
Meeting 2 Van Pelt Introduction - meet in Goldstein Electronic Classroom, Room 114
2/8
Meeting 3 Language ideologies / LPP definitions and typologies
2/15
Meeting 4 Language rights and language as right / Historical, critical, ecological
perspectives on LPP
2/22
Meeting 5 LPP processes and frameworks / Coopers accounting scheme
2/29
Meeting 6 Conceptual and methodological perspectives on LPP / Researcher ethics and
positionality
3/7
BREAK
3/14
Meeting 7 Official languages and national identities / LPP policy goals: officialization,
nationalization, standardization
3/21
Meeting 8 Minority languages and education / LPP cultivation goals: revitalization,
maintenance, spread, shift
3/28
Meeting 9 Local languages and local identities / LPP corpus goals: standardization,
graphization, modernization, reform, purism


Part II -- LPP Case Studies in a Theoretical Framework

4/4-4/25 Meetings 10-13 Student research presentations

ED 927 Syllabus

Spring 2016

Course Requirements
Keep up with the readings and participate in a focused and thoughtful way in seminar
discussions, panel presentations, and oral reports. There will be times you will individually or in
pairs/threes prepare a short synopsis and discussion stimulus for the class on selected articles.
(30% of grade).
The success of this seminar for all participants depends heavily on each one's timely and
thorough pursuit of your language planning case study. See description below.
(Oral presentation - 35% of grade; paper - 35% of grade).

The Language Planning Case Study Requirement
Within the first few weeks of the semester, you are expected to identify a language planning case in
which you will become expert through library research. We will periodically check in on your
projects throughout the course. I encourage you to direct this project toward your dissertation
research if you want to.

You should spend the first few weeks exploring available resources on your topic. This syllabus
includes some suggested general references on language planning. Please make an appointment to
see me on an individual basis if you need help in choosing your case or identifying resources. Part of
each of the first several class meetings will be devoted to consideration of your case study topics and
any references or resources you have already identified or know about. We will also hold one early
meeting at Van Pelt Library, where a reference librarian will introduce you to some of the online
resources Van Pelt offers.

At the meeting one week before your presentation, you will provide multiple copies of 1 or 2 essential
readings for your case for the other seminar members to read in advance of your presentation.
Please follow these guidelines when submitting the readings:
keep the total length of the readings to 30 pages or less
make sure they are legible all the way through
make sure they are complete (no pages missing)
identify the author, source, date, and publisher on the first page of each reading.
You must keep to the specified time schedule for the sake of the whole seminar.

Beginning Meeting 10, we will devote our seminar full-time to discussion of the cases you have
researched. You will be responsible for leading the class in discussion of your case, making sure that
both your presentation and the discussion draw on the theoretical/methodological frameworks
outlined in the first part of the course.


The written version of your case study is due at our last course meeting. Please follow these
guidelines for the paper:
submit the paper in both hard copy and by email attachment to me (as word doc)
the paper should be no more than 30 double-spaced typed pages (7500-8500 words) in length,
including references
use a standard style (APA style is the most usual in our field - see the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association)
be consistent in your reference citation and please give specific page numbers (e.g. Fishman
1983: 117).

ED 927 Syllabus

Spring 2016

PART I. LANGUAGE PLANNING AND POLICY (LPP): THEORY AND METHOD

Meeting 1. Course overview / Introduction: LPP as a field of researchi
LP and Social Change, chapter 1 (LP cases)

Meeting 2. Van Pelt introduction /Research topics explored on databases

Meeting 3. Language ideologies / LPP definitions and typologiesii
LP and Social Change, chapter 2 (LP definitions)
LP, chapter 1 (what is language policy?)
*Neustupny, J.V. (1974) Basic types of treatment of language problems. In Advances in Language
Planning, edited by Joshua Fishman. 37-48.
*Ruiz, R. (1984) Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal 8(2), 15-34.
*Ruiz, R. (2010). Reorienting language-as-resource. In J. Petrovic, ed. International Perspectives on
Bilingual Education: Policy, Practice, and Controversy (pp. 155-172). Charlotte: Info Age.
*Schiffman, H. F. (1996). Linguistic Culture and Language Policy (pp. 1-25, 276-280). NY: Routledge.
*Shohamy, E. (2006) Expanding language policy. In Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New
Approaches (pp. 45-57). London: Routledge.

Meeting 4. Language rights and language as rightiii / Historical, critical, ecological
perspectives on LPPiv
LP, chapter 2 (theories, concepts, frameworks)
Research Methods, chapters 5 & 6 (LP and political theory, LP and law).
*Hornberger, N. (1997). Introduction (pp. 3-13) & Conclusion (pp. 357-366). Indigenous Literacies in
the Americas: Language Planning from the Bottom Up. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
*Ricento, T. & N. Hornberger (1996) Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT
professional. TESOL Quarterly 30(3), 401-428.
*Stroud, C. (2010). A postliberal critique of language rights: Toward a politics of language for a
linguistics of contact. In J. Petrovic, ed. International Perspectives on Bilingual Education: Policy,
Practice, and Controversy (pp. 195-222). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
*Tollefson, James W. (1991). Planning Language, Planning Inequality: Language Policy in the
Community. London: Longman. Chapter 2: The ideology of language planning theory.

Meeting 5. LPP processes and frameworks / Coopers accounting schemev
LP and Social Change, chapters 3 & 4 (LP frameworks: management of innovation, marketing, pursuit
and maintenance of power, decision-making)
OPTIONAL: LP, chapters 3 & 4 (example studies and findings)
*Fishman, J. (1980) Bilingual education, language planning and English. English World-Wide 1, 11-24.
*Haugen, E. (1983) The implementation of corpus planning: Theory and practice. In J. Cobarrubias,
ed. Progress in Language Planning (pp. 269-290). Mouton.
*Hornberger, N. H., & Johnson, D. C. (2007) Slicing the onion ethnographically: Layers and spaces in
multilingual language education policy and practice. TESOL Quarterly, 41(3), 509-532.
*Hult, F. M. (2010) Analysis of language policy discourses across the scales of space and time.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 202, 7-24.
*Tollefson, J. W. (2015). Language policy-making in multilingual education: mass media and the
framing of medium of instruction. Current Issues in Language Planning, 16(1-2), 132-148.

Meeting 6. Conceptual and methodological perspectives on LPPvi / Researcher ethics and
positionality
LP, chapters 5 & 7 (research approaches and methods, research direction(s) and model projects)
Research Methods, chapters 2-4
(See also Johnson, ed. 2013 IJSL special issue)
Selected chapters to discuss in class:
Research Methods, chapters 7-19

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Spring 2016

BREAK

Meeting 7. Official languages and national identities / LPP policy goals: officialization,
nationalization, standardizationvii
LP and Social Change, chapter 5 (status planning)
*Nahir, M. (1984). Language planning goals: a classification. In Language Problems and Language
Planning 8(3): 294-327.
*Hornberger, N. H. (1994) Literacy and language planning. Language and Education, 8(1-2), 75-86.
Cases to discuss in class:
Reclaiming the Local in LPP, Utakis & Pita
Negotiating LPs in Schools, Bloch et al.
Ethnography and LP, Hill & May OR Negotiating LPs in Schools, Berryman et al.
*Lane, P. (2015). Minority language standardisation and the role of users. Language Policy, 14(3),
263-283.

Meeting 8. Minority languages and education / LPP cultivation goals: revitalization,
maintenance, spread, shiftviii
LP and Social Change, chapter 7 (acquisition planning)
Negotiating LPs in schools, Garca & Menken
LP, chapter 6 (ELPEAR)
*Heller, Monica. (1995). Language choice, social institutions, and symbolic domination. Language in
Society, 24(3), 373-405.
Cases to discuss in class:
Negotiating LPs in schools, Hlot
Ethnography and LP, King & Haboud
*Willans, F. (2015). Traces of globalised discourses within and around spaces for multilingualism:
prospects for education policy change in Vanuatu. Current Issues in Language Planning, 16(1-2),
97-113.

Meeting 9. Local languages and local identities / LPP corpus goals: standardization,
graphization, modernization, reform, purism
LP and Social Change, chapter 6 (corpus planning)
*Ferguson, C. A. (1968). Language development. In Language Problems of Developing Nations, edited
by J. Fishman, C. A. Ferguson, & J. Das Gupta. 27-35.
Cases to discuss in class:
Negotiating LPs in schools, Valdiviezo, Mohanty et al.
Ethnography and LP, Jaffe, Martin-Jones, Ramanathan


PART II. CASE STUDIES IN A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Meetings 10-13.
Student research presentation and discussion



Additional References on Language Planning
Reference lists available on course website for
LPP book-length case studies
LPP edited volumes
LPP monographs
External Links on course website to:
LPP journals
LPP internet resources
Language Planning Newsletter (1972-1984) and New Language Planning Newsletter (1980)
ask NHH

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Spring 2016

*readings available on Canvas site

i Selected supplementary readings (Introduction: LPP as a field of research)
*Haugen, E. (1959). Planning for a standard language in modern Norway. Anthropological Linguistics, 1(3), 8-21.
Hornberger, N. H. (2006). Frameworks and models in language policy and planning. In T. Ricento (Ed.), An
Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method (pp. 24-41). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
*Ricento, T. (2000). Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of
Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 196-213.

ii Selected supplementary readings (language ideologies / LPP definitions and typologies):
*Garvin, Paul L. (1974). Some comments on language planning. In Advances in Language Planning, edited by
Joshua Fishman. 69-78.
*Kloss, Heinz. (1969). Research possibilities on group bilingualism: A report. Quebec, Canada: International Center
for Research on Bilingualism, Laval University, Quebec.
*Ricento, T. (2005). Problems with the language-as-resource discourse in the promotion of heritage languages
in the U.S.A. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 9(3), 348-368.
*Spolsky, B. (2007). Towards a theory of language policy. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 22(1), 1-14.

iii Selected supplementary readings (language rights and language as right):
Blommaert, J. (2010). The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. New York, Cambridge University Press, pp. 28-47 (A
messy new marketplace).
Hogan-Brun, G. (2015). Language planning and language rights. Current Issues in Language Planning, 16(4),
entire.
Hornberger, Nancy H. (1997). Literacy, language maintenance, and linguistic human rights: Three telling cases.
International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 127, 87-103.
Hornberger, Nancy H. (1998). Language policy, language education, language rights: Indigenous, immigrant, and
international perspectives. Language in Society, 27(4), 439-458.
May, S. (2002). Misconceiving minority language rights: Implications for liberal political theory. In W. Kymlicka
& A. Patten (Eds.), Language Rights and Political Theory (pp. 42): Oxford University Press.
*May, S. (2015). Language rights and language policy: addressing the gap(s) between principles and practices.
Current Issues in Language Planning, 16(4), 355-335.
Paulston, C. B. (1997) Language policies and language rights. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26: 73-85.
*Pennycook, A. (2004). Language policy and the ecological turn. Language Policy, 3(3), 213-239.
*Phillipson, R, M. Rannut, & T. Skutnabb-Kangas (1995). Introduction. In Linguistic Human Rights, edited by T.
Skutnabb-Kangas & R. Phillipson. 1-22.
Ricento, Thomas. (2003). The discursive construction of Americanism. Discourse and Society, 14(5).
*Romaine, S. (2006). Planning for the survival of linguistic diversity. Language Policy, 5, 441-473.

iv Selected supplementary readings (historical, critical, ecological perspectives on LPP):
Cooper (1989). LP and social change, chapters 8 & 9 (social change & concluding summary)
*Hornberger, Nancy H. (2002) Multilingual language policies and the continua of biliteracy: An ecological
approach. Language Policy, 1(1), 27-51.
King, K. A. (2009) Questions for Joan Rubin. Language Policy, 8(4), 403-409.
Paulston, Christina Bratt, & G. Richard Tucker, eds. (1997) The Early Days of Sociolinguistics: Memories and
Reflections. Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
*Phillipson, Robert & Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (1996) English only worldwide or language ecology? TESOL
Quarterly 30(3), 429-452.
*Ricento, Thomas (2000) Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of
Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 196-213.
Wiley, Terrence G. (1996) Language planning and policy. In Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, edited by S.
McKay & N. Hornberger. 103-147.

v Selected supplementary reading (LPP processes and frameworks):
Bamgbose, Ayo (1989) Issues for a model of language planning. Language Problems and Language Planning 13:
24-34.
*Karam, Francis X. (1974) Toward a definition of language planning. In Advances in Language Planning, edited
by J. Fishman. 103-124.
*Pietikinen, S., Compton, S. E., & Dlaske, K. (2015). Putting resources into practice: a nexus analysis of
knowledge mobilisation activities in language research and multilingual communities. Current Issues in
Language Planning, 16(3), 187-200.

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Spring 2016

Rubin, Joan (1986) City planning and language planning. In Language Planning: Proceedings of an Institute,
edited by E. Annamalai, B. Jernudd, & J. Rubin. 105-122.
*Shohamy, E. (2003) Implications of language education policies for language study in schools and universities.
Modern Language Journal, 87, 278-286.
Tollefson, James W. (1981) Centralized and decentralized language planning. Language Problems and Language
Planning 5(2): 175-188.

vi Selected supplementary reading (conceptual & methodological perspectives on LPP):
Canagarajah, S. (2006). Ethnographic methods in language policy. In T. Ricento, ed. An Introduction to Language
Policy: Theory and Method (pp. 153-169). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
*Cross, R. (2009) A sociocultural framework for language policy and planning. Language Problems and Language
Planning, 33(1), 22-42.
*Johnson, D.C., & T. Ricento, (2013). Conceptual and theoretical perspectives in language planning and policy:
situating the ethnography of language policy. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 219, 7-21.
Ricento, T., Peled, Y., & Ives, P. (2014). Language policy and political theory. Language Policy, 13(4), entire.
Valdiviezo, L. A. (2009). "Don't you want your child to be better than you?": Enacting ideologies and contesting
intercultural policy in Peru. In F. Vavrus & L. Bartlett, eds. Critical Approaches to Comparative Education:
Vertical Case Studies from Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas (pp. 147-162). NY: Palgrave
Macmillan.

vii Selected supplementary readings (LPP status and acquisition policy):
Blommaert, J. (2006). Language policy and national identity. In T. Ricento (Ed.), An Introduction to Language
Policy: Theory and Method (pp. 238-254). New York, NY: Blackwell.
Doganay-Aktuna, Seran (1997) Language planning. In Research Methods in Language and Education, edited by
N. Hornberger & D. Corson.
Heath, Shirley Brice. (1976). A national language academy? Debate in the new nation. International Journal of the
Sociology of Language, 11, 9-43.
Markee, Numa, ed. (2002) Language in Development. TESOL Quarterly, 36(2), entire.
*Rabin, Chaim (1971). A tentative classification of language planning aims. In Can language be planned?
Sociolinguistic theory and practice for developing nations, edited by Joan Rubin and Bjorn Jernudd. 277-279.
Ramanathan, Vaidehi. (2013). Language policies and (dis)citizenship: Who belongs? Who is a guest? Who is
deported? Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 12(3), 162-166 and entire issue.
Rubin, Joan (1977) Bilingual education and language planning. In Frontiers of Bilingual Education, edited by B.
Spolsky & R. L. Cooper. 282-294.
*Ruiz, Richard (1990). Official languages and language planning. In Perspectives on Official English, edited by K.
Adams & D. Brink. 11-24.
*Stewart, W. (1968). A sociolinguistic typology for describing national multilingualism. In J. Fishman (Ed.),
Readings in the Sociology of Language (pp. 531-545). The Hague: Mouton.

viii Selected supplementary readings (LPP status and acquisition cultivation):
Campbell, Russell, et al. (2002) Intergenerational transfer of heritage languages. Heritage Language Journal,
www.heritagelanguages.org.
*Cobarrubias, Juan (1983). Ethical issues in status planning. In Progress in Language Planning, edited by J.
Cobarrubias. 41-86.
*Fishman, J. (1969). National languages and languages of wider communication in the developing nations.
Anthropological Linguistics, 11(4), 111-135.
*Hornberger, Nancy H., ed. (2005) Heritage/Community Language Education: US and Australian Perspectives.
International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 7(3).
Hornberger, N. H., & Wang, S. C. (2008) Who are our heritage language learners? Identity and biliteracy in
heritage language education in the United States. In D. M. Brinton, O. Kagan & S. Bauckus (eds.), Heritage
language education: A new field emerging (pp. 3-35). New York and London: Routledge.
Peyton, Joy Kreeft, Donald A. Ranard, & Scott McGinnis, eds. (2001) Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a
National Resource. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Wiley, Terrence G., & Guadalupe Valds, eds. (2000) Heritage Language Instruction in the United States: A Time
for Renewal. Bilingual Research Journal, 24(4), Entire issue.