Do An Co Dac Mia Duong

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu
GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
MC LC
CHNG I : TNG QUAN V C C MA NG...............................................4
1.1.Gii thiu chung..............................................................................................................4
1.2.c tnh nguyn liu.......................................................................................................4
1.2.1.c im nguyn liu...................................................................................................4
1.2.2.Bin i nguyn liu....................................................................................................4
1.2.3.Yu cu cht lng sau qu trnh c c......................................................................6
1.3.C c v qu trnh c c..............................................................................................6
1.3.1.nh ngha.................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2.Cc phng php c c..............................................................................................6
1.3.3.Bn cht ca s c c bng phng php nhit..........................................................6
1.3.4.ng dng ca s c c...............................................................................................7
1.4.Phn loi v c im cu to thit b c c..................................................................7
1.4.3.Phn loi v ng dng..................................................................................................7
1.4.4.Theo phng php thc hin qu trnh.........................................................................8
1.4.5.Yu cu i vi thit b c c.....................................................................................8
1.4.6.Cc h thng c c.....................................................................................................9
1.4.7. Cc thit b v chi tit................................................................................................11
1.5.Quy trnh cng ngh......................................................................................................12
1.5.1.Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm....................................................................12
1.5.2.Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b ngng t baromet.....................................................13
1.5.3. Quy trnh cng ngh..................................................................................................14
CHNG II: CN BNG VT CHT.........................................................................16
2.1.D kin ban u............................................................................................................16
2.2.Cn bng vt cht..........................................................................................................16
2.2.1.Sut lng sn phm..................................................................................................16
2.2.2.Tng lng hi th.....................................................................................................16
2.2.3. Gi thit phn phi hi th trong ni........................................................................16
2.2.4.Xc nh nng dung dch tng ni.........................................................................17
2.3.Cn bng nng lng.....................................................................................................17
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
2.3.1.Ch p sut v nhit ..........................................................................................17

2.3.2. Cc tn tht nhit .................................................................................................18
2.3.3.Cn bng nhit lng:................................................................................................21
CHNG III: TNH TON TRUYN NHIT.............................................................24
3.1.Tnh ton truyn nhit cho thit b c c.....................................................................24
3.1.1.Tnh nhit lng do hi t cung cp.........................................................................24
3.1.2. Tnh h s truyn nhit k ca mi ni.......................................................................24
3.1.3.Din tch b mt truyn nhit.....................................................................................29
CHNG IV : TNH TON THIT B C C........................................31
4.1.Tnh bung bc.............................................................................................................31
4.2.Tnh bung t..............................................................................................................32
4.3.1.Xc nh ng truyn nhit...............................................................32
4.3.2.ng knh ng tun hon trung tm....................................................32
4.3.3.ng knh bung t....................................................................33
4.3.4.Kim tra b mt truyn nhit..........................................................33
4.3.5. Kch thc cc ng dn.................................................................34
4.3.5.1.ng nhp liu ni 1....................................................................34
4.3.5.2.ng tho liu ni 1 ( ng nhp liu ni 2 ).........................................35
4.3.5.3.ng tho liu ni 2......................................................................35
4.3.5.4.ng dn hi t ni 1...............................................................35
4.3.5.5.ng dn hi th ni 1...............................................................35
4.3.5.6.ng dn hi th ni 2...............................................................36
4.3.5.7.ng dn nc ngng ni 1...........................................................36
4.3.5.8.ng dn nc ngng ni 2...........................................................36
CHNG V: TNH TON C KH CHO CC..........................................38
5.1.Thit b........................................................................................38
5.1.1.tnh cho bung t......................................................................................................38
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
5.1.2.tnh cho b dy thn...................................................................................................39

5.1.3.kim tra b dy bung t..........................................................................................39
5.2.Tnh cho bung bc..........................................................................40
5.2.1.Tnh b dy thn...........................................................................40
5.2.2.Kim tra b dy............................................................................41
5.2.3.Kim tra p sut ngoi cho php........................................................41
5.3.Tnh np.......................................................................................43
5.4.Tnh y.......................................................................................44
5.5.Tnh bch......................................................................................47
5.5.1.Bch ni np vi bung t............................................................47
5.5.2. Bch ni bung t vi y chn bch ni bung t vi bung bc.......47
5.6.Tnh v ng....................................................................................47
5.6.1.Tnh tai treo.................................................................................48
CHNG VI: TNH TON THIT B PH.............................................51
6.1.Thit b ngng t baromet.............................................................................................51
6.1.1.Lng nc lnh cn ti vo thit b ngng t....................................51
6.1.2.Th tch kh cn ht ra khi thit b ngng t:.......................................51
6.1.3.Cc kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t baromet:.............................52
6.2.Tnh thit b gia nhit nhp liu.....................................................................................55
6.3.Tnh bn cao v............................................................................................................. 59
6.4.Tnh bm....................................................................................................................... 61
6.4.1.Bm chn khng...........................................................................61
6.4.2.Tnh bm nc vo thit b ngng t...................................................61
6.4.3.Tnh bm nhp liu.......................................................................63
6.4.4.Tnh bm tho liu ( ni 2)............................................................65
6.4.5.B dy lp cch nhit.....................................................................66
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
6.4.5.1.b dy lp cch nhi bung t ni i...............................................66

6.4.5.2.b dy lp cch nhit ca ng dn hi t ni i.................................67
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V C C MA NG
1.1. Gii thiu chung:

ng l mt hp cht dng tinh th, c th n c. Cc loi ng chnh l
sucrose, lactose, v fructose. V gic ca con ngi xem v ca n l ngt. ng l mt
loi thc n c bn cha carbonhydrate ly t ng ma hoc c ci ng, nhng n
cng c trong tri cy, mt ong v trong nhiu ngun khc nhau. Con ngi s dng ng
kh lu, ban u con ngi khai thc ma ly cht ngt. Ngi n khm ph ra
cch to tinh th ng khong vo triu i Gupta nm 350, trong cuc cch mng nng
nghip hi gio, cc cng ty rp thc hin k thut sn xut ng ca n v sau
iu chnh v bin n thnh mt ngnh cng nghip ln. rp thnh lp nh my
ng v n in ln nht u tin. Vic s dng ng v sn xut ng tr nn ph
bin trn khp th gii bt u t Chu sang Chu Phi, Chu u v dn n Chu M.
Ngi ta s dng ng nh mt gia v to mi cho thc n khi ch bin nh ko, mt, cc
mn trng ming v nhiu ng dng khc na. nc ta vic sn xut ng din ra
kh lu, ngnh cng nghip ng pht trin khng ngng t vic tng din tch trng
ma n vic tng cc nh my sn xut ng, nhng vic sn xut ng vn qui m
nh v thit b cha tin tin nn vic ci tin sn xut v nng cao, m rng nh my, i
mi dy chuyn thit b cng nghip, tng hiu qu cc qu trnh l ht sc cn thit. Trong
, ci tin thit b c c l kh quan trng. Ngy nay mt nh my sn xut ng c ln
khong 1500 tn mt ngy cn mt ngun nhn lc thng xuyn khong 150 ngi sn
xut lin tc 24 gi.
1.2. c tnh nguyn liu:
1.2.1. c im nguyn liu:
Nguyn liu y ta s dng l dung dch ng gm nc l dung mi v
saccarozo ha tan, cc cu t ny xem nh kh bay hi trong qu trnh c c. Nng
dung dch ng vo l 7% kh thp, nht trong dung dch l khng cao.
1.2.2.
Bin i nguyn liu:
Bin i tnh cht vt l:
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Dung dch ng vo c nng 7% trong qu trnh c c nng s tng ln

35% nn s gy bin i tnh cht dung dch trong sut qu trnh c c.
H s dn nhit trong qu trnh c c gim. l i lng c trng cho kh
nng dn nhit ca cc vt liu.
H s cp nhit trong qu trnh c c gim.
Nhit dung ring c cng gim trong qu trnh c c. c l i lng o kh nng
hp th nhit ca mt vt.
H s truyn nhit K cng gim trong qu trnh c c. K l i lng c trng
cho kh nng truyn nhit t vt ny ti vt khc.
Khi lng ring dung dch s tng trong qu trnh c c. ca dung dch
l mt c tnh v mt ca dung dch .
nht cng tng do qu trnh c c lm tng nng dung dch ng
l h s i din cho ma st trong ca dung dch ng.
o
Nhit si cng tng trong qu trnh c c. t s l nhit m khi t ti
ngng th cht chuyn thi t lng sang hi.

Tn tht nhit do nng cng tng theo qu trnh c c.
Bin i tnh cht ha hc:
S thay i PH mi trng l gim PH do cc phn ng phn hy amit ca cc cu
t to thnh acid.
y ta s dng nc bnh thng lm dung mi nn trong nc vn cn ion Ca 2+
t ha tan trong qu trnh c c t nng thp ln nng cao lm phn hy
mui hu c to ra kt ta lm ng cn.
Saccarozo nng chy v phn hy nhit 186 0C to ra caramen ha ng
lm bin i mu ca dung dch to ra tc dng tng h gia cc sn phm phn
hy v cc aminoacid.
Trong sut qu trnh cng xy ra s phn hy cht c c v phn hy mt s
vitamin trong dung dch ng.
Bin i sinh hc:
nhit cao c kh nng tiu dit cc vi sinh vt.
nng 35% hn ch mt phn hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt, t lm bin i
tnh cht ca sn phm.
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
1.2.3.
Yu cu cht lng sau qu trnh c c:
m bo cc cu t qu trong sn phm c mi v c trng c gi nguyn mu
sc khng b bin i.
t nng v tinh khit theo yu cu, trnh xy ra hin tng caramen ha
lm thay i thnh phn ha hc.
1.3. C c v qu trnh c c:
1.3.1.
nh ngha:
C c l qu trnh lm tng nng ca cht rn ha tan trong dung dch bng cch
tch bt mt phn dung mi qua dng hi. Ty theo tnh cht ca cu t kh bay hi hay
khng bay hi trong qu trnh m ta c th tch mt phn dung mi bng phng php
nhit hay phng php lm lnh kt tinh.
Mc ch c c: lm tng nng dung dch long hoc kt tinh.
Hi t: hi tng un si dung dch.
Hi th: hi bc ln t ni c c.
Hi ph hi th ly ra lm hi t cho thit b ngoi h thng c c.
1.3.2.
Cc phng php c c:
a. Phng php nhit (un nng):
Dung mi trng thi lng c cung cp nhit lng khi t n nhit si th
chuyn sang trng thi hi, lc p sut ring phn ca n bng p sut bn ngoi tc
dng ln mt thong dung dch. Mt s dung dch khng chu c nhit cao do c th
lm bin i tnh cht sn phm nn i hi phi c c c nhit thp tng ng
vi nhit mt thong thp l phng php c c chn khng.
b. Phng php lnh:
Khi h thp nhit n mt mc no th mt cu t s tch ra dng tinh th n
cht tinh khit, thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht tan. Ty tnh cht cu t
v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit cao
hay thp v i khi phi dng n my lnh.
1.3.3.
Bn cht ca s c c bng phng php nhit:
Da vo thuyt ng hc phn t: Cc phn t lng nm gn mt thong ca dung

dch c lin kt bi p sut bn ngoi, cho cc phn t lng chuyn qua trng thi hi
cn phi cung cp mt nng lng cho cc phn t lng t tc chuyn ng vt qu
tc gii hn. Do , ta cn cung cp nhit cc phn t lng thc hin qu trnh ny.
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Mt khc s bay hi cng do cc bt kh hnh thnh trong qu trnh cp nhit v chuyn

ng lin tc, do chnh lch khi lng ring cc phn t trn b mt v di y to nn
s tun hon t nhin trong ni c c.
1.3.4.
ng dng ca s c c:
Qu trnh c c c dng ph bin trong cng nghip vi mc ch lm tng
nng cc dung dch long, hoc tch cc cht ha tan (trng hp ny c
km theo qu trnh kt tinh)
Dng trong sn xut thc phm: dung dch ng, nc p tri cy
Dng trong sn xut ha cht: NaOH, NaCl, CaCl2
1.4. Phn loi v c im cu to thit b c c:
Ngi ta tin hnh phn loi thit b c c theo cch sau:
Theo s b tr b mt un nng: nm ngang, thng ng, nghing
Theo cht ti nhit: un nng bng hi (hi nc bo ha, hi qu nhit), bng
khi l, cht ti nhit c nhit cao (du, nc p sut cao), bng dng in.
Theo ch tun hon: tun hon cng bc, tun hon t nhin
Theo cu to b mt un nng: v bc ngoi, ng xon, ng ngang
Trong cng nghip ha cht thng dng cc thit b c c un nng bng hi,
loi ny gm cc phn chnh sau:
Phng t b mt truyn nhit.
Phng phn ly hi: khong trng tch hi th ra khi dung dch.
B phn tch bt: dng tch nhng git lng do hi th mang theo.
1.4.3. Phn loi v ng dng:
a. Theo cu to:
NHM 1
NHM 2
NHM 3
Dung dch i lu t nhin
Dung dch i lu cng
Dung dch chy thnh mng
(tun hon t nhin) dng
bc, dng bm to vn
mng, chy mt ln trnh
c c dung dch kh long,
tc dung dch t 1,5 3 m/s
tip xc lu lm bin cht
nht thp, m bo s
ti b mt truyn nhit, c
sn phm, c bit thch
tun hon d dng qua b
u im l tng cng h s
hp cho cc dung dch thc
mt truyn nhit. Gm:
truyn nhit, dng cho dung
phm nh dung dch tri
C bung t trong (ng
dch c st, nht cao,
cy, hoa qu p. Gm
trc bung bc) c th c
gim bm cn, kt tinh trn
Mng
ng tun hon trong hoc
b mt truyn nhit. Gm:
ngc, c bung t trong
ngoi.
C bung t trong, ng
hay ngoi: dng cho dung
Nhm thc hin: 09
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dung
dch
chy

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
C bung t ngoi (khng
tun hon ngoi.
dch si to bt kh v.
ng trc bung bc).
C bung t ngoi, ng
Mng dung dch chy xui,
tun hon ngoi.
c bung t trong hay

ngoi, dng cho dung dch
si t to bt v bt d v.
1.4.4.
Theo phng php thc hin qu trnh:
a. C c p sut thng (thit b h) c nhit si, p sut khng i. thng dng c
c dung dch lin tc gi mc dung dch c nh t nng sut cc i v thi
gian c c ngn nht. Tuy nhin nng dung dch t c l khng cao.
b. C c p sut chn khng: dung dch c nhit si thp di 100 0C, p sut chn
khng, dng c c cc dung dch khng chu c nhit cao bo m thnh phn
ha hc khng b bin i, dung dch c tun hon tt trong qu trnh c c t li
cn, s bay hi nc din ra lin tc.
c. C c nhiu ni cho php tit kim nhiu hi t do s dng hi th c em lm
hi t cho ni tip theo. C th c chn khng, c p lc hay phi hp cho c hai
phng php. Trong c c p lc c th s dng khng qu 3 ni ty theo mc yu
cu ca sn phm cn i vi c c chn khng th s ni thch hp nht khng qu 5
ni.
1.4.5.
Yu cu i vi thit b c c:
a. Yu cu v mt cng ngh:
Bo m cht lng cao nht ca sn phm.
Dung dch khng thay i tnh cht ha hc, bin mu sn phm v khng b phn
hy nhit cao.
m bo lng sn phm b tn tht l t nht.
b. Yu cu v mt kt cu:
Thit b phi c nng sut cao.
Cng truyn nhit ln vi th tch thit b nh nht.
Tn t kim loi trong vic ch to.
Cu to n gin gi thnh r lm vic n nh v ng tin cy.
D lm sch b mt truyn nhit, thun tin khi quan st, lp rp thay th v sa
cha.
Ngoi ra thit b c c cng phi tha mn yu cu nh i vi thit b trao i
nhit, c th h s truyn nhit ln, tch kh khng ngng khi hi t v bt khi
hi th tt, tho nc ngng lin tc v trit , b tr b mt truyn nhit m bo
1.4.6.
phn b hi t i ra ngoi ng tt, bo m b gin n nhit v.v

Cc h thng c c:
Nhm thc hin: 09
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H thng c c xui
H thng c c

chiu GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
ngc chiu
H thng c c
song song
Dung dch v hi t
Dung dch i vo ni
Dung dch vo v ra
cng i vo ni mt.
cui c c sau
mi ni c lp
Dung dch thc hin
c bm vn
nhau. Hi th ni
xong qu trnh c c
chuyn qua ni k
ny tn dng lm
ni I s i tip vo
tip c c song song
hi t cho ni
cc ni k tip c c
qu trnh phi gia
khc.
Nguyn l
cho n khi ra sn
nhit. Cn hi t i
lm vic
phm. Hi th ni I
vo ni I v hi th
s thnh hi t cho
ca ni I s thnh hi
ni II v c th hi
t cho ni th II v
th ca ni ny s
c th tip din hi
thnh hi t ca ni
th ca ni ny s
kia.
thnh hi t ca ni
kia.
u im
Dung dch di chuyn
Do dung dch cng
Tn dng c hi
qua cc ni khng
c nhit cng
th cp nhit cho
cn s dng bm.
tng nn nht
ni sau.
Nhit sn phm
dung dch khng
thp nn cht lng
tng, i lu khng
tt.
gim, h s truyn
H thng n gin.
Chi ph u t thp.
nhit K t thay i
nn cng bc
hi cc ni gn bng
nhau, khai thc c
ht cng sut cc ni.
Lng nc ngng
t t.
Cc ni sau do nng
H thng phc tp.
Nng dung dch
tng, nhit
Vn u t ln.
sau c c khng
gim lm cho
nht tng, do h
Tn nng lng nhit

v bm.
H thng phc tp.
gim v vy cng
Sn phm c nhit
Tn din tch xy
bc hi cc ni
cao nn gim cht
dng cc b cha
lng.
nguyn liu.
s truyn nhit K
Nhc im
cao.
Nhm thc hin: 09 sau gim, khng khaitrang 10

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Cc h thng trn thng s dng kt hp vi h thng c c chn khng to p

sut chn khng h thp nhit si ca dung dch gi cht lng ca sn phm v
thnh phn cu t qu trong dung dch (tnh cht t nhin, mu, mi, v, gi tr dinh
dng..) nh nhit thp v khng tip xc Oxy.
1.4.7.
Cc thit b v chi tit:
a. Thit b chnh:
Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm, ng truyn nhit.
Bung t, bung bc, np
ng: kh khng ngng, hi t, tho nc ngng
b. Thit b ph:
B cha dung dch u vo v sn phm sau c c.
Cc loi bm: bm dung dch, bm chn khng, bm nc.
Thit b gia nhit ng chm.
Thit b ngng t baromet.
Cc loi van.
Thit b o, bng iu khin.
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
1.5. Quy trnh cng ngh:

1.5.1. Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm:
Nguyn liu c nhp liu vo ni c c s trao i nhit vi hi thng qua cc ng

truyn nhit s si v tr nn nh v tun hon tr ln pha bung bc. Ti y hi nc
c tch ra khi dung dch, dung dch i theo ng tun hon trung tm xung y thit b
v theo ng truyn nhit tr ln trn. Qu trnh trao i nhit c thc hin ch yu trong
ng truyn nhit.
Sau nhiu ln nh vy, hi nc tch khi dung dch cng nhiu, nng dung dch
cng tng, nht dung dch tng. Do , tc chuyn ng dung dch cng chm li v
sau. Qu trnh kt thc khi dung dch t nng theo yu cu.
Tc chuyn ng tun hon cng tng th h s cp nhit v pha dung dch cng
tng, qu trnh bc hi xy ra cng mnh m, nng cht tan cng nhanh chng t yu
cu v ngc li, tuy nhin s hao ph nng lng khuy.
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
1.5.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b ngng t Baromet:
Hi th sau khi ra khi ni c c s c dn vo thit b ngng t Baromet, nc s

c chy t trn xung di theo cc ngn v phun thnh tia. Hi trao i nhit vi nc,
p sut thp do bm chn khng to ra, s ngng t li, theo ng barrmet chy ra ngoi.
Thit b ngng t Baromet theo kiu trc tip. N thng dng trong ngnh ha cht v thc
Nhm thc hin: 09
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GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
phm thng i theo cc thit b c c cc dung dch trong nc p sut chn khng
( dung dch ng, mui, glyxerin.)
1.5.3. Quy trnh cng ngh:
Dung dch t b cha nguyn liu c bm ln bn cao v, t bn cao v dung dch
chy qua lu lng k o th tch cn qua thit b gia nhit ri vo ni c c I, sau khi
o xong tin hnh kha van vo lu lng k m van khc dn dung dch i vo thit b gia
nhit dng nhp liu v dng dung dch c gia nhit n nhit si ri i vo ni c
c I thc hin qu trnh bc hi. Ti ni I nc trong dung dch ng di tc dng
nhit t t bc hi bung bc, nng dung dch ng trong hn hp lng dn tng
ln khi t ti nng yu cu, th dung dch t ni I s chy qua ni II do s chnh lc p
sut c 2 ni to ra ( p sut c xu hng i t cao n thp). Hi th bc ln ni I l
hi nc bo ha trong dung dch ng s theo ng dn i vo bung t ca ni c c
th hai v tr thnh hi t cho ni th II cung cp nhit lng cho ni II. Dng dung dch
i t di y ni I vo ni II, ti ni II ta tin hnh ht chn khng to p sut thp hn
mi trng tin hnh qu trnh c c, dung dch tip tc c cung cp nhit lng cn
thit cho qu trnh bay hi tip din cho n khi nng dung dch ng p ng yu
cu. Sau khi sn phm t nng ta dng bm bm dung dch ra ngoi b cha sn
phm . Hi th v kh khng ngng ni II s c ht vo thit b ngng t Baromet, mt
phn ngng t thnh lng chy ra ngoi bn cha, phn khng ngng qua b phn tch bt
tch cc ht lng ra khi kh v i ra ngoi mi trng.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c trong h thng: Phn di ca thit b l bung t
gm nhiu ng truyn nhit v mt ng tun hon trung tm. Dung dch i trong ng, hi
t s i vo khong khng gian pha ngoi ng. Nguyn tc hot ng ca ng tun hon
trung tm l: do ng tun hon trung tm c ng knh ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc ng
truyn nhit do t l din tch b mt truyn nhit trn mt n v th tch dung dch
trong si t hn ( c nhit thp hn) so vi dung dch trong ng truyn nhit. Khi
dung dch s c khi lng ring ln hn v to p lc y dung dch t trong ng tun
hon sang ng truyn nhit, kt qu l to mt dng chuyn ng tun hon ca dung dch
trong thit b. ng tun hon trung tm hot ng hiu qu dung dch ch nn cho vo
khong 0,4 0,7 chiu cao ng truyn nhit. Phn pha trn thit b l bung bc tch
hi ra khi dung dch, trong bung bc cn c b phn tch git tch nhng git lng ra
khi hi th.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 14

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Hi t theo ng dn a vo bung t p sut 3 at. Hi th ngng t theo ng dn

nc ngng qua by hi chy ra ngoi v phn kh khng ngng c x ra ngoi theo ca
x kh khng ngng.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 15

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
CHNG II: CN BNG VT CHT
2.1. D Kin Ban u:

Dung dch ma ng.
Nng u: x= 7%, nhit ca dng nhp liu l 300C.
Nng cui: xc= 35%.
Nng sut nhp liu: G= 1500kg/h.
Hi t l hi nc bo ha c P= 3at.
2.2. Cn Bng Vt Cht:
2.2.1. Sut lng sn phm:
p dng phng trnh cn bng vt cht: G.x = Gc.xc
Gc=
G x
xc
1500.7
35
=300 (kg/h )
2.2.2. Tng lng hi th:

x
p dng cng thc: W = G.(1 x c
W: Lng hi th ton h thng (kg/h).

G: Nng sut nhp liu ban u (kg/h).
X, Xc: Nng dung dch ng u v cui (%).
x
W = G.(1 x c
)= 1500.(1 35 )= 1200 (kg/h)
2.2.3. Gi thit phn phi hi th trong ni:

m bo vic dng ton b hi th ca ni trc cho ni sau thng ngi ta dng
cch la chn p sut v lu lng hi tng ni thch hp.
W1
1.1 1.3
W2
y ta chn
W1
=1.1( 1)
W2
Lng hi th bc ra t cc ni:
W = W1+ W2= 1200 (kg/h) (2)
T (1) v (2), ta c:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 16

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
W1
=1.1(1)
W2
W =W 1 +W 2=1200
( kgh )(2)
kg
)
h
kg
W 1=628.6( )
h
W 2=571.4(
2.2.4. Xc nh nng dung dch tng ni:

Nng cui ra khi ni th nht:
x
Xc1= G W 1 G= 1500628.6
1500 = 12.05%
Nng cui ra khi ni th II:

x
Xc2= G W G= 15001200
1500 = 35%
2.3. Cn Bng Nng Lng:

2.3.1. Ch p sut v nhit :
p sut ca hi t vo ni I: P1= 3at.
p sut ngng t: P= 0.4at.
Hiu s p sut ca c h thng:
Pt = P P = 3 0.4= 2.6 at (1)
1
ng
T s phn phi p sut gia cc ni:

P1
=1.61 ( 2 )
P2
T (1) v (2) ta c:
P1+ P2= Pt =2.6( 1)

P1
=1.61(2)
P2
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 17

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
P 2=0.99 1at
P1=2.61=1.6( at )
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 18

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
p sut hi th trong cc ni:

Ni I:
Pht1=P1P1=31.6=1.4at
Ni II:
Pht2=Pht1P2=1.41=0.4at
p sut hi t ni th II:
P2=P2Png
P2=P2+Png=1+0.4=1.4at
Da vo s liu trn tra s tay Qu trnh thit b trong cng ngh ha hc tp I/315:
Ni th I
p
Hi t
sut
Ni th II
Nhit
Thp ngng t
Nhit
(at)
(0C)
sut(at)
(0C)
P1=3
T1=132.9
P2=1.4
T2=108.7
p
sut
(at)
Png=0.4
Hi th
Pht1=1.4
2.3.2.
t1=108.7
Pht2=0.4
Nhit
(0C)
tng=75.4
t2=75.4
Cc tn tht nhit :
'
a. Tn tht do nng tng cao ( ):
p dng cng thc ca Tisenco:

' = '
'
.f
: Tn tht nhit p sut thng
f: H s hiu chnh v thit b c c lm vic p sut khc vi p sut thng( p

sutkh quyn)
T2
f=16.2
r
(273+t hti )2
=16.2
r
tht1: nhit hi th ni i
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 19

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
r: n nhit ha hi ca hi nhit thti

2
f1= 16.2*
(273+108.7)
2237.103
= 1.06
r1= 2237.103 (J/kg)

2
(273+75.4)
f2= 16.2 2320.10 3
*= 0.83
r2= 2320.103 (J/kg)

'
Ni I: xc= 12.05% 01=0.15
'
Ni II: xc= 35% 02 = 0.50C
(Da vo hnh VI.2[2]/60)

'
'
1 =01 *f1=0.15 1.06 = 0.1590C
'2='02 *f2= 0.5 0.85 = 0.4250C
Tng tn tht nhit do nng

'
'
'
= 1 + 2 = 0.159 + 0.425 = 0.584 0C
''
b. Tn tht do p sut thy tnh ( ):
Chnh lch p sut t b mt dung dch n gia ng l P

1
P = 2
tb
g H (N/m2)
op
(Theo sch qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, HCN.TP.HCM)
tb
: Khi lng ring trung bnh dung dch trong ni lc si bt (kg/m3)
dd
: Khi lng ring ca dung dch c lc khng c bt
Hop : Chiu cao thch hp tnh theo knh quan st mc cht lng (m)
Hop = [0.26+ 0.0014(
Nhm thc hin: 09
dd
)]*H0
dm
trang 20

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Ptbi = Phti + Pi (i l ni th i)
(
Coi
Nhit (0C)
Xc (%)
dd
dm
(kg/m3)
(kg/m3)
Ni I
12.05
108.7
1048.52
951.962
Ni II
35
75.4
1153.31
971.56
dd
tra bng 1.86[1]/58;
dd
dm
tra bng 1.249[1]/311)
trong mi ni khng thay i ng k trong khong nhit ang xt. Chn
chiu cao ng truyn nhit H0= 1.5m

Ni I: Hop = [0.26 + 0.0014(1048.52 951.962)]*1.5 = 0.593 (m)
p sut trung bnh: P1=
1
2
*Ptb1*g*Hop1=
1
2
*0.5* 1048.52*9.81*0.593=1524.9
N/m2= 0.015249(at)
Ptb1= Pht1+ P1= 1.4+ 0.015249= 1.415249 (at) 1.42 (at)
Da vo bng 1.251[1]/315
Ptb1=1.42at t0tb1=109.10C
''
1 = ttb1- tht1= 109.1- 108.7= 0.40C
Ni II: Hop2= [0.26+ 0.0014(1153.31-974.56)]*1.5= 0.765375(m) 0.77 (m)

1
P2= 2
*Ptb2*g*Hop2 =
1
2
*0.5*1153.31*9.81*0.77= 2177.94 (N/m2) = 0.0217794 (at)
Ptb2= Pht2 + P2=0.4+0.0217794= 0.4217794 0.422(at)

Da vo bng 1.251[1]/315
Ptb2=0.422at t0tb1=76.610C
''
2 = ttb2- tht2= 76.61- 75.4= 1.210C
Vy tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 21

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
''
''
''
= 1 + 2 = 0.4+ 1.21= 1.610C
c. Tn tht do tr lc thy lc ( ' ' ' :

Chp nhn tn tht nhit trn cc on ng dn hi th t ni ny sang ni kia v t ni
cui n thit b ngng t l 10C.
'''
Theo , ta c: = 1 1.50 mi ni.
'''
'''
'''
'''
Chn 1 = 2 =10C ' ' ' = 1 + 2 =1+1=20C
Tng tn tht nhit l
t0
'
= + ' '+ ' ' ' = 0.584+1.61+2= 4.1940C
d. Hiu s hu ch v nhit si tng ni:

Hiu s hu ch ca mi ni:
Ni I:
Ni II:
t h1
t h2
= T1 (T2+ 1 ) = 132.9 (108.7+0.159+0.4+1) = 22.6410C
= T2 (tng+ 2 ) = 108.7 (75.4+0.425+1.21+1) = 30.6650C
Nhit si thc t ca dung dch mi ni:

Ni I:
Ni II:
t h1
t h2
t h 1
= T1 ts1 ts1= T1
= 132.9 22.641= 110.2590C
t h 2
= T2 ts2 ts2= T2
= 108.7 30.665= 78.0350C
2.3.3.
Cn bng nhit lng:
a. Tnh nhit dung ring ca dung dch cc ni:
Da vo cng thc 1.50[I]/153:
C=4190 (25147.542.t)*x (J/kg)
-
t: nhit si thc t ca dung dch 0C

x: nng ca dung dch (%)
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch u ( t=110.5290C, x=7%):

C=4190(25147.542*110.529)*0.07=4072.373 (J/kg).
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ra khi ni I ( ts=110.5290C, x=12.05%):
C1= 4190(25147.542*110.529)*0.1205=3987.513(J/kg).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 22

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ra khi ni th II ( ts=78.0350C, x=35%):

C2= 4190(25147.542*78.035)*0.35=3516.089 (J/kg).
b. Lp phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
Ni I: D*i+G*C*t=W1*i1+(GW1)*C1*t1+D*Cng1* 1 +Qxq1 (1).
Ni II: W1*i1+( GW1)*C1*t1= W2*i2+(GW)*C2*t2+W1*Cng2* 2 +Qxq2 (2).
-
D: lng hi t dng cho h thng (kg/h).

i,i1,i2: hm nhit ca hi t, hi th ni I v ni II (J/kg).
t,t1,t2: nhit si ban u, ra khi ni I v ni II ca dung dch (J/kg).
1
: nhit ngng t ca ni I v ni II (0C).
Cng1, Cng2: nhit dung ring ca nc ni I v ni II (J/kg).

Qxq1, Qxq2: nhit mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh (J).
G: lng dung dch lc ban u (kg/h).
Chn nc ngng t trng thi lng si cng nhit .

Ta c:
iCng1*
i1Cng2*
1
2
= r(
1
2
= r(
)
)
u vo
u ra ni I
u ra ni II
t=110.5290C
t1=110.5290C
t2= 78.0350C
C=4072.373 (J/kg)
C1=3987.513 (J/kg)
C2=3516.089 (J/kg)
G=1500 (kg/h)
Gc=300 (kg/h)
W1=628,6 (kg/h)
1 =132.90C
2 =108.70C
3
ip=2730. 10 (J/kg)
3
t1=2693. 10 (J/kg)
Cng1= 4272.09 (J/kg)
Cng2= 4231.31 (J/kg)
(i tra bng I.250[I]/312; C tra bng I.249[I]/310)

Cho Qxq1=0.05*D(i
Qxq2=0.05*W(i1
Nhm thc hin: 09
Cng1* Q1)
Cng2* Q2)
trang 23
W2=571.4 (kg/h)
t 2 =75.40C
3
t2=2632. 10 (J/kg)

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
T (2) W1*i1+ (G W1)*C1*t1= (W W1)*i2+ (G W)*C2*t2+ W1*Cng2* 2 +

0.05*W(i1 Cng2* 2
W1*i1+ G *C1*t1 W1*C1*t1= W*i2 W1*i2+G*C2*t2W*C2*t2+ W1*Cng2* 2 +
0.05*W*i1 0.05*W*Cng2 2
W *i W *C *t + W *i W *C * 2= W(i C *t +0.05*i 0.05*C *
1 1
1
1 1
1 2
1
ng2
2
2 2
1
ng2
) +
G(C2*t2 C1*t1)
W1(i1 C1*t1+ i2 Cng2* 2 ) = W(i2 C2*t2+0.05*i10.05*Cng2* 2) + G(C2*t2 C1*t1).
Lng hi th bc ln ni I:
W1=
W ( i 2C 2t 2 +0.05i10.05C ng 22 ) +G (C 2t 2C 1t 1)
i1 C1t 1 +i 2C ng22
W1
1200 ( 2632. 1033516.08978.035+0.052693.103 0.054231.31108.7 )

1500 (3516.08978.0
+
3
3
2693. 10 3987.513110.529+2632. 10 4231.31108.7
2693.10 33987.513110.5
= 613.34 (kg/h).
Lng hi th bc ln ni II:
W= W1+ W2= 1200 W2= 1200 613.34 = 586.66 (kg/h).
c. Kim tra gi thit phn b hi th cc ni:
Ni I: C%=
Ni II: C%=
613.34628.6
100% = 2.49% < 5% (1).

613.34
586.66571.4
586.66
*100% = 2.6% <5% (2)..
Ta c (1) v (2) p ng yu cu:

Lng hi th ni I: W1= 613.34 (kg/h).
Lng hi th ni II: W2= 586.66 (kg/h).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 24

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
d. Lng hi t dng cho h thng:

(1) D*iD D*Cng1* 10.05 D(i d C ng11)=W 1 (i 1C1t 1 )+G (C1t 1C t ) .
D(iD Cng1* 10.05 i D +0.05C ng 11 =W 1 (i 1C1t 1 )+ G (C1t 1C t )
613.34 ( 2693.103 3987.513110.529 ) +1500 ( 3987.513110.5294072.373110.529 )
0.95( 2730.103 4272.09132.9 )
D=
665.65(
kg
)
h .
e. Lng hi t tiu tn ring:

D
665.65
d= W = 1200 = 0.555 (kg hi t/ kg hi th) ( theo cng thc VI.7[2]/58).

-
D: lng hi t dng c c (kg/m).

W: lng hi th thot ra khi c c (kg/m)..
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 25

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
CHNG III: TNH TON TRUYN NHIT

3.1. Tnh ton truyn nhit cho thit b c c:
3.1.1. Tnh nhit lng do hi t cung cp:
Ni I:
iC ng . 1=D . r (1)
Q 1=D .
1
D . r (1 ) 665,65(2730. 1034272,09.132,9)
=
3600
3600
399804,0415 ( W )=399,8( KW )
Ni II:
iC ng . (2 )
Q2=W 1 . r
2
613,34 ( 2693.103 4231,31 .108,7 )
3600
38045082 ( W )=380,5(KW )
3.1.2.
ti =
qtb
k
Tnh h s truyn nhit k ca mi ni:

q
tb
k t
i
(W/m2.K)
1
1
=
R 1
1
hoc k
+r + +r +
1 1 2 2
Nhit ti trung bnh:

Ni I:
q tb =
1
q 1+ q2
2
q1: nhit ti ring pha hi t cp cho thnh thit b:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 26
q1 = 1 . t 1

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
H s cp nhit hi nc bo ha ngng t trn b mt ng thng ng c tnh theo

cng thc ca Nusselt:
1=2,04. A . 4
r=r (1)
r
H . t1
(W/m2.) (cng thc V 101. [ 2 ] /28).
= 2162239,24(J/kg): n nhit ngng t ca hi t.
= 1,5m: chiu cao b mt truyn nhit.
A ch s ph thuc nhit ngng t ca nc:

23
A=
( [ 2 ] /29)
tm
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
104
120
139
155
169
179
188
194
197
199
199
(oC)
A
Vi: t m=
Chn
t w +T
2
1
t1
=1.83 oC: hiu s nhit gia hi t truyn cho thnh thit b:
t 1=T t T =1,83
1
t T =132,91,83=131,07
1
Nhit trung bnh ca thnh thit b: t w =0,5(T 1+ tT )

1
0,5 ( 132,9+ 131,07 )=131,985
t m=
131,985+ 132,9
=132,44
2
Nhm thc hin: 09
A = 191,732
trang 27

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
4
1=2,04. A . H . t1 =2,04.191,732 .
2162239,24
1,5.1,83
q1 = 1 . t 1 =11682,39 .1,83=21323,87(
t 2=t w t 2
2
= 11652,39(W/m2 ).
w
)
m2
: h s nhit ca b mt truyn nhit v ca dung dch si.
t w t w =q1 . r
2
r : l tng nhit tr.

r =r 1 +
+r
2
r 1 : nhit tr cn bn hi nc pha vch ngoi tng.
r 1=0,232 . 103 m 2 .
r 2 : nhit tr cn bn dung dch ng pha vch tng.
r 2=0,38 . 103 m2 .
r 1 ,r 2
tra bng V.I
[ 2 ] /4)
: b dy ng truyn nhit ly = 1 (mm).

Chn vt liu lm ng truyn nhit l thp khng g X18H10T c h s truyn nhit =
16,3 (W/m ).
1. 103
3
3
r =0,232 . 10 + 16,3 + 0,387 .10 =0,68 .10
3
t w t w =q1 . r t w =t w1 q 1 . r =131,98521323,87 .0,68. 103=117,48

2
t 2=t w t 2=117,48110,529=6,9
2
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 28

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
dd
n
dd
n
C dd n
2.
.
C n dd
2= dd= n .
(Cng thc VI.27 2/71)
( )
n=0,145 . t 22,33 . P 0,5
: h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.
P: p sut tuyt i trn mt thong (N/m2)

P = 1,4at = 1,4 . 9,81 . 104 (N/m2)
4
1,4 .9,81 .10
2,33
n=0,145 . 6,9 .
(W/m2.)
Cdd: nhit dung ring ca dung dch khi c c theo nng dung dch.
Cdd = C1 = 3987,513 (J/kg.)
Cn: nhit dung ring ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.
Cn = 4231,31 (J/kg.)
dd: nht dung dch khi c c theo nng dung dch.
dd = 0,374 .10-3 (Ns/m2)

n: nht nc khi c c theo nng dung dch:
n = 0,258 . 10-3 (Ns/m2).
dd: khi lng ring dung dch khi c c theo nng dung dch.
dd = 1048,52 (kg/m3)
n: khi lng ring ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.
n = 950,8 (kg/m3)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 29

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
dd= A . C p . .
dd
C
M
(W/m.) (cng thc I.32 I/123)
: h s dn nhit ca cht lng.
Cp: nhit dung ring ng p ca cht lng.

Cp = 3987,513 (J/kg.)
: khi lng ring ca dung dch l 1048,52 (kg/m3).
M: khi lng mol trung bnh ca dung dch.

M = x . Mng + (1-x).Mnc = 0,1205 . 342 + (1- 0,1205).18 = 57,042 (g/mol)
A: h s ph thuc mc lin kt ca cht lng i vi nc.
1048,52
8
A = 3,58 . 10-8 dd=3,58 . 10 .3987,513 .1048,52. 57,042 =0,395
(W/m.)
nc: h s dn nhit ca nc l 0,684 (W/m ).
0,395
0,684
1048,52
950,8
3987,513 2 0,258 . 103

2.
.
4231,31
0,374. 103
2= dd=4839,67
= 3207,01 (W/m2 ).
1=2,04. A . 4
Ni II:
t m=
Chn
r
H . t1
; r = r (2) = 2233056,603 (J/kg)
t w +t 1
2
1
= 2,78 oC
t 1=T t T t T =108,72,78=105,92
1
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 30

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
t w =0,5. ( T +t T ) =0,5 . ( 108,7+105,92 )=107,31

1
t m=
108,7+107,31
=108,005
2
A = 182,6
1=2,04. A . 4
r
4 2133056,603
=2,04.182,6 .
H . t1
1,5.2,78
q1 = 1 . t 1 =10076,78,61.2,78=28013,45
= 10076,78(w/m2 ).
(W/m2.)
t =t w t 2
2
t w t w =q1 . r
1
t w =t w q1 . r
= 107,335 27634,73.0,68.10-3 = 88,54 oC
= 88,265 78,035 = 10,23 oC
dd
n
dd
n
Ta c:
C dd n
2.
.
C n dd
2= dd= n .
( )
P = 0,4 at = 0,4 . 9,81 . 104 (N/m2)

4
0,49.9,81 . 10
= 6879,48 (W/m2.)
n=0,145 .( t )2,33 . P0,5=0,145. 10,52,33 .
2
Cdd: nhit dung ring ca dung dch khi c c nng dung dch.
Cdd = C2 = 3516,089 (J/kg.)
Cn = 4193,43 (J/kg.)
dd = 1,133 .10-3 (Ns/m2)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 31

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
n = 0,364.10-3 (Ns/m2)
dd = 1153,31 (kg/m3)
n = 972,98 (kg/m3)
dd= A . C p . .
3 1153,31
=3,58. 108 .3516,089 .1153,31 .
M
131,4
= 0,299 (W/m.)
M = x. Mng + (1-x).MH2O = 0,35.342 + (1-0,35).18 = 131,4 (g/mol)

n = 0,673 (W/m.)
0,299
0,673
1153,3
972,98
3516,089 2 0,364 .103

2.
.
4193,43
1,133. 103
2= dd =6879,48
= 2639,13 (W/m2 ).
Kim tra sai s gia q1 v q2:
2
Ni I: c
= 3121,78 (W/m2.)
q 2= 2 . t 2 = 3207,01.6,9 = 22128,37 (W/m2).
| | |
q2q1
22128,3721323,87
.100=
.100
q2
22128,37
Ta c:
= 3,6% <5% p ng yu cu.
nhit ti trung bnh ca ni I:

q tb =
1
q 1+ q2 22128,37+21323,87
=
=
2
2
th =
1
q tb
K 1=
th
Ni II: c
qtb
th
22128,37
22,641
21726,12 (W/m2).
= 959,59 (W/m2.) .
= 2639,135 (W/m2.).
q 2= 2 . t 2 = 2700,87.10,23 = 27629,9 (W/m2).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 32

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
| | |
q2q1
27629,928013,45
.100=
.100
q2
27629,9
Ta c:
= 1,4% <5% p ng yu cu.
nhit ti trung bnh ca ni II:

q tb =
2
q 1+ q2 27629,9+ 28013,45
=
=
2
2
th =
2
q tb
K 2=
th
qtb
th
27821,675
30,665
27821,675,78 (W/m2).
= 907,27 (W/m2.) .
3.1.3.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit:
a. H s nhit hu ch thc ca mi ni:
th =
i
Ta c:
Qi t h
.
K i Qi
Ki
th
= 22,641 oC
th
= 30,665 oC
Qi 399,8 .103 399,8. 103

=
+
K hi
959,59
907,27
Ni I:
Ni II:
t h=22,641+30,665=53,305
' t h =
1
Q1 t h 399,8 . 103 53,305

.
=
.
K 1 Qi
959,59
836,026
Ki
' t h =
2
= 836,026.
= 26,56 oC.
Q2 t h 380,8 . 103 53,305

.
=
.
K 2 Qi
907,27
836,026
Ki
= 26,74 oC.
b. Kim tra h s nhit hu ch

Ni I:
Ni II:
'
t h t h
22,64126,56
.100=
.100
th
22,641
1
t h ' t h
30,66526,74
.100=
.100
th
30,665
2
c. Din tch b mt truyn nhit.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 33
= 17% > 10%
= 13% > 10%

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Q1
399,8. 103
Q1=K 1 . F 1 . t h F 1=
=
K 1 . ' t h 959,59.26,56
'
Ni I:
= 15,7 (m2).
Ni II:
Q2=K 2 . F 2 . ' t h F2=

2
Q2
K 2 . ' t h
=
2
380,5. 103
907,27.26,74
= 15,7 (m2).
Do qu trnh tnh ton t > 10% tng hiu qu truyn nhit ta tng din tch truyn
nhit ln (ly nhit hu ch thc t tnh ton)
Ni I:
Ni II:
Q1
399,8. 103
F 1=
=
K 1 .t h 959,59.22641
1
F2 =
Q2
380,5. 103
=
K 2 . t h 902,42.30,665
2
= 18,651 (m2).
= 13,75 (m2).
Chn din tch truyn nhit 2 ni bng nhau:

F1 = F2 = 20 (m2)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 34

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
CHNG IV: TNH TON THIT B C C
4.1. Tnh bung bc:

Do lng hi th bc ln hai ni xp x bng nhau, nhit ni II nh hn nn khi
lng ring ca hi ni II s nh hn ni I
th thch hi thot ra ni II s ln hn
ni I, nn ta ch tnh ni II t cng chnh l kch thc ni I.

Vn tc hi (Wh ) ca hi th trong bung bc phi thng qua 70-80% vn tc lng .
W0 =
Trong
t0 = 75,4
4g ( lh ) . d
(m/s) (Cng thc trong [5] / 276).
3h
l khi lng ring ca git lng v hi th (kg/m3).
= 974.56 (kg/m3 )
h = 0.2457 (kg/m3).
d l ng knh git lng, chn d = 0.0003 .

l h s tr lc.
0.2 < Re < 500 = 0.44
Vi Re =
hdh
h
Chn ng knh bung bc Db = 1400mm.

Din tch bung bc: Fb =
Lng th tch: Vb =
Vn tc hi:
Nhm thc hin: 09
D 2b
=
4
3.141.4 2
= 1.54 m.
4
Wb
571.4
=
P h 0.2457 .3600
Vb
h = Fb
0.65
= 1,54
= 0.65 (m/s).
= 0.422 (m/s).
trang 35

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
h . d . Ph
Chun s Re:
h
0.44220.00030.2457
=2.83
1.1105
V 0.2< Re =2.83 <500 =
18.5
0.6
18.5
0.6
2.83
= 9.91
Vn tc lng:
W0 =
4g ( P lPh ) . d
3Ph
49.18 ( 974.560.24 .57 ) .0 .0003

39.910.2457
= 1.25 (m/s)
Wh = 0.422 (m/s), W0 = 1.25 (m/s) tha iu kin

Chiu cao bung lng:
Ut (1600 - 1700 m3 / m3h ) chn Ut=1600 (m3 / m3 h) : cng bc hi th tch
p sut ca hi th c nh n cng bc hi th tch Ut:
Ut= f * Ut( 0.4 at)
Da vo th VI. 3 [2]/72 P = 0.4 at f = 0.85
Ut = f * Ut= 0.85 * 1600=1360 (m3/ m3 h)
Th tch khng gian hi: Vb=
Wz
ph . Ut =
4 Vb
Chiu cao bung bc Hb = Db 2 =
571.4
0.24571360
= 1.75 m3.
4 1.71
1.42 = 1.1 (m).
Do qu trnh c c c hin tng dung dch si nn chn Hb cao hn tnh ton.

Hb = Hb + 0.6 = 1.1 + 0.6 = 1.7 m
Chn chiu cao bung bc Hb = 1.8 m =1800 mm.
4.2. Tnh Bung t:
4.3.1. Xc nh ng truyn nhit:
Fz
n = dl
F: b mt truyn nhit.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 36

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
= H = 1.5 m chiu di ng truyn nhit.

D: ng knh ng truyn nhit.
Chn loi ng c ng knh 38 * 2mm d = 38 - (2*2) = 34 mm.
Vy s ng truyn nhit n =
Fz
dl
20
= 3.140.0341.5 = 124.89 ng.
Da vo bng V 11.2 /48b (sp xp ng theo hnh su cnh kiu bn c) chn s ng =

127 ng .
4.3.2. ng knh ng tun hon trung tm:
Dth=
4 Fth
Trong trng hp i lu t nhin ta chn Fth = 0.3 FD

Vi FD =l din tch tit din ngang ca tt c ng truyn nhit .
2
d n
Fth = 0.3 FD = 0.3 *
= 0.3 *
4
Vy Dth=
4 Fth
40.12
= 0.39 m
Chn Dth= 0.4 m = 400 mm.

4.3.3. ng knh bung t:
Pb =2.6 + *
2.6+
Pth
4+
dn
2
4F +
2
Pth
(
4 + )
0.8313F
dn
+
dl
2
Trong Db ng knh trong bung t.
Nhm thc hin: 09
0.034 127
= 0.12 m2
4
trang 37

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Dn l ng knh ngoi bung t.

h s thng
=1.3 1.5
Dth ng knh ngoi ng tun hon trung tm.

Dth = 400 +8*2 = 416 mm =0.416 m.
F: din tch b mt truyn nhit.
Thay vo ta c:
Db
0.038 2.6+
2
0.416
2.6)
0.831320 0.038
=
+
2
0.0381.5
0.038
Db
0.038 =21.61 Db = 21.61 *0.038 = 0.82 m
Chn ng knh chun cho v bung t Db =1000 mm =1m.

(da vo bng XIII .6 2/359 ).
4.3.4. Kim tra b mt truyn nhit:
Kim tra ng knh ng tun hon:
Dth= t (b-1) +4c (cng thc V .140.[2]/49 )
b l s ng trn ng cho.
t
= dn
=1.3 chn = 1.3 t= *dn = 1.3*0.038 = 0.0494.
Dth
b> t +1=
0.416
0.0494 = 8.4
chn b = 9 ng
suy ra s ng truyn nhit b thay th bi ng tun hon trung tm
l n : b= 2a-1 a =
1+b
1+ 9
2 2 =5
a l s ng su cnh ca hnh su cnh ngoi cng

Da vo cng thc V. 139 [2] /48 ta tnh c:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 38

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
n = 3a(a-1) +1 =3*5(5-1)+1= 61 ng.

Vy s ng truyn nhit cn li n= 127- 61 = 66 ng.
B mt truyn nhit F:
F = 3.14*1.5*(127*0.038+0.416) =24.68 25.
4.3.5. Kch thc cc ng dn:
ng knh cc ng dn theo cng thc tng sau:
D=
4G
w
(m).
G : l lu lng lu cht (kg/s).

W: vn tc lu cht (m/s).
l khi lng nhp liu (kg/m3).
4.3.5.1.
ng nhp liu ni I:
Cht lng nht w =0.5 1 m/s chn w = 0.5 (m/s).
G = 1500 kg/h = 0.417 (kg/s).
= 1027.7 (kg/m3) I 1.86 [I] /58
Vy thay vo tnh D =
4.3.5.2.
40.417
0.51027.7
= 0.032 (m).
ng tho liu ni I (ng nhp liu ni II)

Xc = 12.05 % ta c: G c* Xc = G * X
G=
c
(kg /h).
Vy Gc = 0.242 (kg/s).
Chon w = 0.7 m/s.
= 1048.52 (kg/m3) I 1.86 [I] /58
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 39
(GX )
Xc
71500
12.05
= 871.37

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
D=
4.3.5.3.
40.242
0.71048.52
= 0.02 (m).
ng tho liu ni II:

Gc =300 (kg/h) =0.083 (kg/s)
Chn w = 1 m/s
= 1153.31(kg/m3)
D=
4.3.5.4.
40.083
11153.31
= 9.2 10-5 (m)
ng dn hi t ni I:
D l lng hi t cn c c (tnh chng I).
D =665.65 (kg/h) = 0.185 (kg/s).
Hi t l hi nc bo ho W = 20 40 m/s chn W = 25 m/s.
= 1.618 (kg/m3).
D=
40.185
251.618
4.3.5.5.
= 0.076 (m).
ng dn hi th ni I:
G = W I = 613.34 (kg/h) = 0.17(kg / s).
Chn W = 20 (m/ s).
= 0.7631 (kg/m3).
D=
4.3.5.6.
40.17
200.7631
= 0.119 (m).
ng dn hi th ni II:
G = W 2 = 586.66 (kg/h) = 0.163 (kg / s).
Chn W = 30 (m/ s).
= 0.2456 (kg/m3).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 40

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
D=
4.3.5.7.
40.163
300.2456
= 0.016 (m).
ng dn nc ngng ni I:
Lng nc ngng ni I cng chnh l lng hi t ni I.
G = D = 665.65 (kg/h) = 0.185 (kg/s).
Chn W = 1 m/s.
132.9 0 C = 932.65 (kg/m3) tra bng I .5 [I] / 11
D=
4.3.5.8.
40.185
1932.65
= 0.016 (m).
ng dn nc ngng ni II:
Lng nc ngng ni I cng chnh l lng hi th ni II.
G = WI = 631.34 (kg/h) = 0.17 (kg/s).
Chn W = 0.5 m/s.
108.7 0 C = 951.96 (kg/m3).
D=
40.17
0.5951.96
= 0.021 (m).
Bng ng Knh ng Dn:
Loi ng dn
G
( kg/s)
(kg/m3)
Chn
dt (m)
Chn d
chun (m)
(m/s)
ng nhp liu ni I
0.417
1027.7
0.5
0.032
0.057
ng tho liu ni I
0.242
1048.5
0.7
0.02
0.057
9.2 10-5
0.057
2
ng tho liu ni II
0.083
1153.3
1
ng dn hi t ni I
0.185
1.618
25
0.076
0.108
ng dn hi th ni I
0.17
0.7631
20
0.119
0.219
ng dn hi th ni II
0.163
0.2456
30
0.168
0.219
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 41

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
ng dn nc ngng ni I
0.185
932.65
0.016
0.057
ng dn nc ngng ni II
0.17
951.96
0.5
0.021
0.057
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 42

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
CHNG V: TNH TON C KH CHO CC CHI TIT

THIT B
5.1. Thit b:
5.1.1. Tnh cho bung t:
Chn vt liu ch to Z ni l nh nhau vi b dy bng nhau. Chn vt liu l thp
khng g X18H10T ch to v thit b, y v np.
Tra s tay [2]/310 bng XII.4 ta c cc thng s:
k=550.106N/m2.
c=220.106N/m2.
H s an ton bn ca thp khng g X18H10T.
k=2,6.
c=1,5 (tra bng XIII.3 [2]/356).
H s hiu chnh xc nh theo iu kin lm vic ca thit b =1 (bng XIII.2 [z]/356).
ng sut cho php theo gii hn bn khi ko:
[k] =
k
nk
550.10 6
*1
2,6
. =
= 211.54.106 (N/m2).
ng sut cho php theo gii hn chy:

c
720.10 6
*1
nk
1,5
[c]=
. =
=146,67.106 (N/m2).
Chn ng sut cho php: [c] =146,67.106(N/m2).
Thng s lm vic:
Dt =1000 (mm) = 1 (m)
Pt= 3at= 0,249 N/mm2.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 43

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
T= 132,9oC.
p sut bn trong thit b l p sut d nn thn chu p sut trong vi
Pt=Pd=PI Pkq=3 1=2at=0196N/mm2.
5.1.2. Tnh cho b dy thn:
Xt biu thc :
147,67.10 6
[ ]
6
P h 0,196.10
.095=710,9 > 25.
Do ta c th b qua i lng P mu s.
Dt .Pt
S=
2.[ ]. h
(cng thc 5-3 [6]/96)
1000.0,196
2.147,67.0,95
=0,844 (mm).
B dy thc ca thn tr:

S=S + C (cng thc 5-9 [6]/96).
C l h s b sung b dy.
C=Cq+Cb+Cc+Co
Trong : Ca l h s b sung do n mn hoa hc ca mi trng (mm) Ca=1.
Cb l h s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng Cb=0.
Cc l h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, lp rp Cc=0 (xem vt liu nn c hc).
Co h s b sung quy trn kch thc (mm).
C=Ca+Cb+Cc+Co=1+0+0+2,156=3,156 (mm).
S=S + C=0,844+3,156 =4 (mm).
5.1.3. Kim tra b dy bung t:
Da vo cng thc (5-10 [6]/97):
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 44

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
S Cq
Dt
4 1
1000
=3.10-3< 0,1 (tha).
p sut ti a trong bung t:
[ Dt ( S C )]. Po
2( S C ) h
[ P]
(cng thc 5-11 [6]/97).
2. . h .( S C q )
Dt ( S C q )
2.146,67.0,95.(4 1)
1000 (4 1)
=0,834 N/mm2 > Pt= 0,196
tha iu kin.
Do trong bung t ni II c P hi th nh hn ni I nn iu kin tnh cho ni I s tha

ni II S2=S1=4 (mm).
5.2. Tnh cho bung bc:
5.2.1. Tnh b dy thn:
Ni I: chn b dy thn bung bc S=4(mm).
p sut ti a cho php trong bung bc:
[P]
2. . h .( S C q )
Dt ( S C q )
2.146,67.0,95.(4 1)
1400 (4 1)
=0,596 (N/mm2)= 0,596.106 (N/m2)
p sut lm vic bn trong bung bc I l:

P=1,4 at = 0,137.106 (N/m2) < [P]= 0,596.106 (N/m2)
Ni II: thit b lm vic theo p sut chn khng nn chu tc ng ca p sut ngoi
B dy ca thn bung bc II:
S=1,18.D
Pn l
t.
E D
0, 4
(5-14 [6]/98)
Pn=Pq+Pck=1+0,6=1,6 at=0,157.106 (N/m2)=0,157 (N/mm2).

p sut tuyt i trong bung bc p= 0,4at Pck=1-0,4= 0,6 (at)
Et :Mdun n hi ca thn vt liu nhit lm vic ca n.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 45

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
To=75,4oC Et =2.105 N/mm2 (bng 2-12 [6]/34).

L chiu di tnh ton ca thn l=H=1800 (mm)
ng knh thn Dt=1400 (mm)
S=1,18.1400
0,157 1800
5
2.10 1400
0, 4
=6,6 (mm)
Chn h s b sung b dy C=Ca+Cb+Cc+Co

Chn Ca=1, Co=0,4 (mm)
C=1+0+0+0,4=1,4 (mm)
B dy thc ca thn S=S+C=6,6 + 1,4=8 (mm)

5.2.2. Kim tra b dy:
Da vo cng thc (5-15 [6]/99) v (5-16 [6]/99)
2( S C a )
L
Dt
Dt
1,5.
L
Dt
1,5.
0,3
( S C a ).2
Dt
Ett
ct
2(8 1) 1800
1400
1400
Dt
2( S C a )
0,3
1400
2(8 1)
0,15 1,29 10 (tha) (1)

1800
1400
0,3.
2.10 5
220
(8 1).2
1400
0, 3
1,29> 0,273 (tha) (2)
tha mn iu kin bn thn.
5.2.3. Kim tra p sut ngoi cho php:

Da vo cng thc (5-19 [6]/99):
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 46

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
D
[ P] 0,649.E t . t
L
S Ca
Dt
S Ca
Dt Pn
1400 8,8 1
[ P ] 0,649.2.10 .
1800 1400
5
Ta c Pn=0,157 < 0,234 =[Pn]
8,8 1
1400
= 0,234 N/mm2
(tha mn)
Kim tra n nh thn khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc:

.( Db 2S ) 2
Pn'
4
Pct=
.
Pn'
Trong
= Pl+Pn
Pl p sut ct thy tnh trong bung bc

Pl=Pd2.g.H2=1153,31*9,81*0,1=1131,41 (N/m2)=1131,41.10-6 (N/mm2)
'
Pn
=0,157 + 1131,4.10-6=0,1581314 (N/mm2)
Pct=
3,14(1400 2.8) 2
4
*0,1581314= 248896,91 (N)
Ta c h s Kc ph thuc vo t s:
25
Pb
2( S C a )
1400
2(8 1)
=100
250
qc= 0,098 (da vo bng tra qc [6]/103)

875
Kc =
875
Kc =
ct
.q c
Et
(cng thc 5-34 [6]/103)
220
.0,098
2.10 5
=0,094
Kim tra n nh:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 47

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
S - Ca
8-1
Pct
K c E t
(cng thc 5-32 [6]/103)

248893,91
3,14.0,094.2.10 5
7>2,12
Ta tnh ng sut nn chiu trc theo cng thc:
n
Pct
248993,91
.( Dt S ).( S C a ) 3,14(1400 8).(8 1)
=8,04 N/mm2.
ng sut nn cho php:

[ n ] K c E t
S - Ca
Dt
= 0,094.2.105
8 1
1400
(cng thc 5-31 [6]/103).
=94 (N/mm2)
Khi thn chu tc dng ng thi p lc ngoi v lc nn chiu trc :

n
P
8,04 0,157
n
[ n ] [ Pn ] 94 0,234
=
=0,76< 1 (tha).
Vy b dy bung bc ni II l 8 mm.
Vy chn b dy thn bung bc cho 2 ni l S=8 (mm).
5.3. Tnh np:
Chn np elip c g theo tiu chun 1400 (mm).
Da vo bng XIII.10 [2]/382
ht=350 (mm).
Chiu cao g h= 40 (mm).

Ni I:
Thit b lm vic p sut trong Pd =1,4-1=0,4 (at)=0,039 (N/mm2).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 48

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Ta c
ht
Dt
ht
Dt
350
0,25
1400
>0,2 v
146,67
[ ]
h
0,039
P
Rt= Dt=1400(mm).
.0,95=3572,7>25.
b dy ti thiu ca np.
S=
P.Rt
2.[ ]. h
0,039.1400
2.146,67.0,95
=0,2 (mm).
B dy thc ca np thit b S=S+C=8 (mm).

B dy thnh np cn tha iu kin:
S Ca
Dt
8 1
1400
0,125 (cng thc 6-10 [6]/126).
=5.10-3<0,125.
p sut d cho php:

[ p]
2[ ] ( S C a )
Rt ( S C a )
(cng thc 6-11 [6]/126).
2.146,67.0,95(8 1)
1,39
1400 (8 1)
(N/mm2).
Ta c Pd=0,039 N/mm2< [P]=1,39 (N/mm2) (tha mn).

Ni II:
Ni II c c chn khng nn s chu p sut ngoi. p sut trong bung bc l p=0,4at.
p sut ngoi l Pn=0,157 N/mm2.
Chn np c b dy S=8(mm).
Xt iu kin n nh ca np thit b:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 49

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Rt
0,15.E t
(?)
S
x. ct
(cng thc [6]/127)

yt
Trong : x=
ct
l t s gii hn n hi ca vt liu (np) vi gii hn chy ca n
nhit tnh ton (i vi thp khng g c x = 0,7)
ct
l gii hn chy ca vt liu
nhit tnh ton (N/mm2).

1400 0,15.2.10 5
194,81
8
0,7.220
175=
[Pn] =
Vi
2[ n ]( S C a )
.Rt
(cng thc 6-13 [6]/127).
E t ( S C a ) 5.x.Rt . ct
E t ( S C a ) 6,7.Rt .(1 x). ct
(cng thc [6]/127)
2.10 5 (8 1) 5.0,7.1400.220
2.10 5 (8 1) 6,7.1400.(1 0,7).220
=2,51.
Vy [Pn] =0,58 (N.mm2) > Pn=0,157(N/mm2) (tha).
Vy chiu dy np ni I v II chn l 8 (mm).
Chiu cao np elip ht=350 (mm), chiu cao g h=40 (mm), Rt=14020 (mm).
5.4.
Tnh y:
Chn y l hnh nn c g, do c tnh sn phm l dung dch ng kh nht nn ta
chn gc y l 2 =90o to thun li cho dung dch chy ra khi ni.
ng knh y Dt=1000 (mm).

H=562 (mm) (da vo bng XIII.22 [6]/396).
H=40 (mm).
R=15 (mm).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 50

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Chiu cao ct cht lng: H=H+h+H1+H2

Trong :
H1 chiu cao ct cht lng trong bung t, H1=1,5m.
HL :chiu cao ct cht lng trong bung bc,HL=0.1m.
H=562+40+1500+100=2202(mm)=2,202(m).
Ni I:
p sut tnh ton:
P=P0+P.g.H
0: dung dch trng thi si nn Ps=1/2. Pdd=1/2.1048,52=524.26
P0:l p su t d tr n m t tho ng dung d ch=0.4at=0.039N/mm2.
P=0.039.106+(524.26.9.81.2.202)=50324.86(N/m2)
H s mi hn h=0.95.
146.67.10 6
.h
.0.95 2768.74 50
p
50324.86
x t
V i n a g c h700
S=
D ' .P
1000.0.05
0.254(mm)
Z cos [ ].h 2. cos 45 0.146.67.0.95
ChnC=3.746(mm).
Vy b dy thc ca ay S=S+C=0.254+3.746=4(mm).
Kim tra:
p sut cho php tnh ton:
(Da vo cng thc 6-24 v 6-25 [6]/132)
[p]=
z. cos .h.( S Ca) z cos 45 0.146.67.0.95(4 1)
0.59( N / mm 2 )
Dt z cos ( S Ca)
1000 z cos 45( 4 1)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 51

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
[p]=
4. h( S Ca)
Dt . y
H s hnh dng y
Xt t s
R 150
0.15
D 1000
vi =450
(Da vo bng 6-3[6]/ 131) y=1.94
[P]=
4.146,67.0,95.( 4 1)
0.862( N / mm 2 )
1000.1.94
Vy chn [p]=0.59N/mm2 tnh ton).

Ta c p=0.05 N/mm2<0.59N/mm2=[p] (tho).
vy chn b dy l 4mm y thit b.
Ni II:
Ta chn b dy thit b 2 l S=4(mm).
y ni II chu p sut ngoi :
P=
P0
+Pck=1+(1-0.4)=1.6at=0.157(N/mm2)
X nh lc nn ln y thit b :
P=
P=
2
.Dn . Pn
4
(cng thc 6-27[6]/133).
3.14
(1000 2.4) 2 .0.157 125224.81N
4
Xc nh lc nn chiu trc :
[p]=
.K C .E .( S Ca) 2 . cos 2
Nhm thc hin: 09
(cng thc 6-28[6]/133)
trang 52

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Vi Kc=875.
.qc
E
D
1000
166.67
Z ( S Ca) z ( S Ca)
Qc ph thuc vo t s :
q c 0.1434
K c 875.
220
.0.1434 0.14
2.10 5
[ p ] 3.14.0.14.2.10 5.(4 1) 2 . cos 2 45 0 395640 N / mm 2
Vy P<[P](tho)
Vy chn b dy y chung cho hai ni l S1=S2=4(mm).
5.5. Tnh bch:
5.5.1.
Bch ni np vi bung t:
Da vo bng X.27[2]/417 ta tra :

Chn bch lin bng thp kiu 1,cc thng s cho trong bng sau :
Dt
Db
DJ
Jb
1400
1540
1490
1460
30
H2 O
Cn dng 40 bulong M20

5.5.2.
Bch ni bung t vi y chn bch ni bung t vi bung bc:
Chn y nn ct v vt liu l thp khng g XI8H10T.

Kch thc ca y nn ct :
Ddi =1000(mm).
Dtrn=1400(mm).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 53

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
S=8(mm).
H=200(mm).
5.6. Tnh v ng:
V ng phi gi cht cc ng truyn nhit .
Gi nguyn dng v ng trc v sau khi nung.
Bn vi tc dng ng sut do p sut v nhit ni t .
Chn v ng dng phng trn.
Chn vt liu l thp khng g XI8H10T,gii hn bn un.
n 146,67.10 6 N / m 2
Tnh v ng trn bung t ni I:

Chn s b h=30(mm)(bng b dy bch)
Kim tra bn v ng :
ng sut un ca v theo coongthuwcs (8-53)[6]/183)
v
P
dn h'
3,6(1 0.7. ).( )
L L
Trong :L=
3 1,3.38 3
42,782(mm)
2
2
Cc ng b tr theo nh tam gic u

dn
:ng knh ngoi ng ,dn=38(mm)
P0=0.196N/mm2= 2 at l p sut tnh ton ln nht trong ng hoc khng gian ngoi ng
v
0.196
0,293
38
30 2
3,6(1 0.7
)(
)
42,782 42,782
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 54

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
v 0.293 v 146,67( N / mm 2 )
(tho)
V 2 ni v v trn hay v di p sut chnh lch nhau khng nhiu nn chn b dy

v chung l 25 mm.
5.6.1.
Tnh tai treo:
Chn vt liu tai treo l thp CT3 tai treo c hn vo thit b, chn s gn l 2
Khi lng ring ca thp khng g XIH1OT,P=7900kg/m2
Khi lng tng cng M=MTB+Mdd
1.Tnh MTB:
a. Khi lng bung t: M1=
3.14
2
2
H ( Dn DT ).
1.5(1,008 2 12 ).7900 597,73( Kg )
4
4
b.Khi lng bung bc:
M2=
3.14
2
2
H ( Dn DT ).
1.8(1,416 2 1.4 2 ).7900 502.95( Kg )
4
4
c.Khi lng np:
M3=
3.14
2
2
H ( Dn DT ).
o.39(1,416 2 1.4 2 ).7900 108,97( Kg )
4
4
d.Khi lng y:
M4=
3.14
2
2
H ( Dn DT ).
o..602(1,416 2 1.4 2 ).7900 59,972( Kg )
4
4
e.Khi lng nn ct:

(
M5=
d 2n dt
).H . .n.
4
3.14
M5=
(1.4 1)..0.008.0.2.7900
47,63( Kg )
2
f.Khi lng ng truyn nhit:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 55

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
ng truyn nhit
M6=
( D 2 n D 2 t )..H .
0.038 2 0.34 2
3.14(
).1,5.7900.66 176.82( Kg )
4
4
ng tun hon tm:

(
M7=
d 2n dt
0,426 2 0.4 2
).H . 3.14(
).1,5.7900 199,8( Kg )
4
4
g. Khi lng v ng:

d 2 n d 2 n d tb
12 66.0,038 2 0,426 2
).S . .Z 3.14(
).0,03.7900.2 269,11( Kg )
4
4
2
M8=
h.Khi lng cc chi tit ph khc M9=150(Kg)

Khi lng thit b
Mtb=M=597,73+502,95+108,97+59,972+47,63+176,82+199,8+269,11+150=2112,982(Kg)
2.Tnh Mdd:
Th tch dung dch trong thit b V:
1206.10 3 (m 3 )
V dung dch trong y V1=
(tra bng XIII.22[2]/396)
V dung dch trong cc ng truyn nhit:

V2
2
3,14(66.0,034 2 0.4 2 )
.1,5
0,1855( m 3 )
3
4
V=V1+
V2 206.10 3 0,1855 0,3915( m 3 )
Do ni 2> ni 1ti trng ln ni 2 G2>G,DO ta tnh i din ni 2

Khi lng dung dch trong thit b
Mdd=Vdd.dd=0,3915*1153,31=451,521(kg)
Vy tng khi lng ca ni c c
M2= Mdd+Mtb=2112,982+451,521=2564,503 (kg).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 56

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Chn 4 tai treo trng ti cho 2 tai treo:

G
9,81.2564,503
6290,6625 N 6291( N )
4
D phng chn
G 10 4 ( N )
10 4 (m 2 ) L(mm) B(mm) B1(mm) H(mm) H (mm) S (mm) (mm) d (mm) m (kg)
89,5
110
85
90
170
Tra bng XII.36trang 438[2]

Tng kt thit b chnh:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 57
45
15
23

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
BNG CHI TIT THIT B C C

PHN THIT B
VT
LIU
THNG S
ng knh trong Dt
Chiu cao H
B dy S
ng knh trong Dt
Chiu cao H
B dy S
ng knh trong Dt
Chiu cao ht
Chiu cao g h
ng knh l np d
B dy S
ng knh trong Dt
Chiu cao ht
Chiu cao g h
ng knh l y d
B dy S
ng knh trn Dtr
ng knh di Dd
Chiu cao H
B dy S
Thn bung t
X18H10T
Thn bung bc
X18H10T
Np
X18H10T
X18H10T
B phn ni
bung t vi
bung bc
X18H10T
V ng
X18H10T
B dy S
X18H10T
ng knh Dtn
Chiu cao H
Dng knh Dth
ng truyn nhit
&
ng tun hon
trung tm
Bch ni y vi
bung t
Bulng
Bch ni bung
bc vi np
Bulng
CT3
CT3
Aming
Tai treo
CT3
Nhm thc hin: 09
ng knh ngoi Dn
Chiu cao h
Dng knh d
ng knh ngoi Dn
Chiu cao h
ng knh d
B dy S
Ti trng G (N)
trang 58
KCH
THC
(mm)
1000
1500
4
1400
1800
8
1400
350
40
219
8
1000
562
40
57
4
1400
1000
200
8
GHI CH
Np Elip c g
tiu chun
y nn c g
tiu chun
y nn ct
25
34x38
1500
400x416
S ng 127 ng
1140
30
20
1540
30
20
Bch lin kiu I

28 ci
Bch lin kiu I
40 ci
2
10000
4 tai treo

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Thng s hng dn v mt ct bng cu thit b c c
A l ng knh ngoi ca bch 1540

B l bu long (c 40 bu lng ) bu lng nm trn ng trn c ng knh l 1490
C l ng knh trong ca thit b c c 1400
D l ng knh ng tun hon trung tm 416
Hnh lc gic trong hnh th c co 6 hnh lc gic lng vo nhau, s ng trn hnh lc gic ngoi cng l 5
ng, s ng trn ng xuyn tm lc gic l 13 ng, s ng b thay th bi ng tun hon trung tm l 61
ng
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 59

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
E l hnh tam gic m mi gc ca n c 1 ng truyn nhit
CHNG VI: TNH TON THIT B PH

6.1. Thit b ngng t Baromet:
6.1.1. Lng nc lnh cn ti vo thit b ngng t:
(Da vo cng thc VI.51 s tay qu trnh thit b tp 2 trang 84)
t
C n( 2 ct 2 d )
W (i C t )
G n= 2 2 n 2 c
Trong : W2 l lng hi ngng i vo thit b ngng t ( Kg/s).

W2 = 586.66 (kg/h) = 0.163 (kg/s).
I2 l hm nhit ca hi ngng t (kj/kg) = 2632 (kj/kg).
t2d,t2c : nhit u v cui ca nc lnh.
Chn nhit cui ca nc lnh l t2d =30oC.
t2c = tng - 10 = 75.4 -10= 65,4oC.
Nhit trung bnh ca nc : ttb =
t 2 dt 2 c 30+65.4
=
=47.7
2
2
C.
Cn : nhit dung ring ca nc (kj/kg).

Cn= 4.178 kj/kg.K (tra bngI.249 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1 trang 311).
65.430
4.178
0.163(26324.17865.4)
G n=
(kg/s).
6.1.2. Th tch kh cn ht ra khi thit b ngng t:

Lng khng kh cn ht ra khi thit b ngng t ( da vo cng thc VI.47 s tay
qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 84):
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 60

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
G kk=25106( G n +W 2 ) +102W 2
6
2.510 ( 0.163+2.6 )+ 10 0.163=1.710 (
kg
)
s
Th tch khng kh cn ht ra khi thit b ngng t:

V kk =
288G kk(273+t kk )
Pn Ph
(cng thc VI.49 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 84)

Trong : Png l p sut lm vic ca thit b ngng t (N/m2).
Png= 0.4*9.81*104=39240 (N/m2)
Ph l p sut ring phn ca hi nc trong hn hp ly bng p sut ca
hn hp hi bo ha nhit ca khng kh tkk.
Nhit ca khng kh c tnh theo cng thc:
tkk= t2d+4+0.1*(t2c-t2d) ( cng thc VI.50 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2
trang 84).
tkk= 30+4+0.1*(65.4-30) = 37.54 oC.
suy ra Ph=0.0664 at =6513,173 (N/m2).
3
2881.710 (273+37.54)
V kk =
=4.65*10-3 (m3/s).
392406513.173
6.1.3.
Cc kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t Baromet:
a. ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t baromet
D ba=1.383
W2
hw h
(m)
Trong : W2 l lng hi ngng t (kg/s).

h
l khi lng ring ca hi (kg/m3).
=0.246 (kg/m3) ( nhit 74.5oC tra bng I.250 s tay qu trnh v thit b
tp 2 trang 512).
wh tc ca hi trong thit b ngng t (m/s).
chn wh=30 (m/s).
0.163
suy ra D=1.383 0.24630 =0.21
(m/s).
Chn ng knh ca thit b ngng t baromet D= 0.4 m

b. Kch thc tm ngn:
Tm ngn c dng hnh vin phn vi chiu rng:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 61

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
b=
Dba
400
+50=
+50=250
2
2
(mm).
(cng thc VI.53 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 85).

Trn tm ngn c c nhiu l nh. Chn ng knh cc l l d= 2 mm ( do nc
lm ngui l nc sch).
Chn chiu dy ca tm ngn l =4 mm.
Chn chiu cao g cnh tm ngn ho= 40 mm.
Cc l xp theo hnh lc gic u, ta c th xc nh bc cc l bng cng thc sau:
fe
f tb
0.5
( )
t=0.866d
(mm).
(cng thc VI.55 s tay qu trinh v thit b tp 2 trang 85).

Trong : d l ng knh l d= 2 mm.
fe l tng s din tch tit din cc l.
ftt l tit din ca thit b ngng t.
chn t s
fe
f tb = 0.5
0.5
suy ra t=0.8662( 0.05 ) =0.387
(mm)
c. Chiu cao thit b ngng t:

Mc un nng nc c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
P=
t 2 c t 2 d
t bht 2 d (cng thc VI.56 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 85)
65.430
=0.78
75.430
(Tra bng VI.7 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 82)

S bc= 4.
S tm ngn =8.
Khong cch gia cc tm ngn: htb=400 (mm).
Thi gian ri qua mt bc: t=0.41s.
Chiu cao ca thit b ngng t c th c tnh bng cng thc:
Htb=n*htb+0.8=8*400+0.8=4000 (mm).
d. Kch thc ng Baromet
ng knh trong ca ng Baromet c tnh bng cng thc VI.57 s tay qu trnh v
thit b tp 2 trang 86:
n+ W 2
G
0.004
d ba=
(m).
Trong : Gn l lng nc lnh ti vo thp( kg/s).

W2 l lng hi ngng t (kg/s).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 62

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
W: tc ca hn hp nc lnh v nc ngng chy trong ng baromet (0.5
0.6)
chn w=0.5 (m/s).

suy ra d ba=
0.004(2.60.163)
=0.084
3.140.5
(m) = 84 (m).
Chn ng knh ng baromet dba=100 mm

Chiu cao ca ng baromet c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Hba=h1+h2+h3 (m).
Trong : h1 l chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut
kh quyn v p sut trong thit b ngng t.
h
1=
10.33b
760
(cng thc VI.59 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 86).
Vi b l chn khng trong thit b ngng t (mmHg):

b=PaPng=7600.4735=466 ( mmHg ) .
Suy ra h1=
10.33466
=6.33 (m)
.
760
h2 l chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn khc phc ton b tr lc khi nc chy

trong ng.
h2=
hba
w2
(1+
+ )
2g
d ba
(m) (cng thc VI.60 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang
87).
Vi l h s tr lc do ma st khi nc chy trong ng .
l tng tr lc cc b.
Chn h s tr lc cc b khi vo ng l
l
1=1
1=0.5
Suy ra =1 s .
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 63
v h s tr lc cc b khi ra khi ng

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Tnh h s tr lc do ma st .
=989.02 (kg/m3) ( t bng I.249 s tay qu trnh v thit b
Ta c ttb = 47.7 oC suy ra

tp 1 trang 310).
=0.526103 (Ns/m2).
Chun s Renoyld:
=
wd ba 0.50.1989.02
=
=94013.31
3
0.52610
Chn vt liu lm ng baromet l thp CT3 nn nhm =0.2 mm

d 87
100 87
=6(
) =7289.34
0.2
()
gh=6
(cng thc II.60 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1 trang 378)

d 98
100 98
=220
=229201.52
0.2
()
n =220
( )
(cng thc II.62 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 1 trang 379).

Vy Regh<Re<Ren
H s ma st:
1.46 100
=0.1
+
d ba
0.25
0.2
100
=0.1
+
100 94013.31
0.25
=0.025
Chiu cao ng Baromet hba =7 (m)

h2=
0.52
0.0257
1+
+ 1.5 =0.0542(m)
29.81
0.1
H3= 0.5 (m), chiu cao d tr phng trng hp nc dng ln chy trn vo ni
Suy ra chiu cao ng Baromet l :
Hba=h1+h2+h3=6.33+0.0542+0.5=6.8842 (m)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 64

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Vy chn chiu cao ng Baromet l Hba= 7 (m)

6.2.
Tnh thit b gia nhit nhp liu:
Chn loi thit b ng chm thng ng, dung dch i trong ng, hi t i ngoi ng.
Dng nhp liu (dng lnh):
t1=30oC.
t2=110.53oC.
Nhit trung bnh: ttb=0.5*(tv+tr) =0.5*(30+110.53)= 70.3oC.
Dng nng: tv=tc=132.9 oC (dng hi t).
Hiu nhit u vo: tv=132.9-30=102.9 oC.
Hiu nhit u ra: tr=132.9-110.53=22.37 oC.
Hiu s trung bnh:
tb=
t v t r 102.922.37
=
=52,77
tv
102.9
ln
ln
22.37
tr
Chn t1=1.75 suy ra tw1= T1-t1=132.9-1.75=131.15 oC.

t m=
T 1 +t w 1 132.9+131.15
=
=132.052
2
2
Tra bng A theo nhit s tay tp 2 trang 29.

A=191.6.
r =2162239.24 (J/kg).
3
chn r cu 1=0.23210
(m2./W).
r cu 2=0.387103 (m2 . /W )
thp=1.0595103 mm .
Thp khng r X18H10T c =16.3
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 65
C.

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Suy
3 1.059510
r = r cu 1+ + r cu 2=0.23210 +
+ 0.383103=0.68103
16.3
ra
(m2.K/W).
H s cp nhit hi nc bo ha ngng t trn b mt ng thng ng tnh theo cng
thc V.101 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 28:
1=2.04A
2.04191.6
r
Ht
(W/m2.).
2162239.24
=11775.23
1.51.75
(W/m2.).
Ta c: q1=1*t1=11775.23*1.75=20606.65 (W/m2).
q2 l nhit ti pha dung dch si.
q2=2*t2
Vi t2 =tw2-t2 l hiu s nhit ca b mt truyn nhit v ca dung dch si
Ta c: tw1-tw2=q1*r suy ra tw2=tw1-q1* r
tw2= 131.15-20606.65*0.68*10-3=117.14 oC
suy ra t2=117.14-110.53=6.6 oC
H s thit b cp nhit t thnh thit b n dung dch 2 c tnh theo cng thc VI.27
s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 71):
dd
n
0.565
( )
dd 2 Cdd
n
n
Cn
( )( )
dd
dd= 2=
0.435
Trong :
n : H s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.
n=0.145 t 2.33P0.5 (cng thc V.91 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 96).
P: L p sut tuyt i trn mt thong (N/m2)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 66
P=1.4 at

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
4 0.5
2.33
( 1.49.8110 ) =4374.72 (W/m2.).
n=0.1456.6
C dd : l nhit dung ring ca dung dch.

C dd=C =4072.373
(J/kg.).
Cn : l nhit dung ring ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.

Cn =4231.31 (J/kg.).
dd : l nht dung dch khi c dc theo nng dung dch.
3
dd =0.25810
(N.s/m2).
n : l nht nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.

3
n=0.25810 (N . s /m2) .
dd : l khi lng ring ca dung dch khi c c theo nng dung dch (7%).
dd =1027.7 (kg/m3).
n : Khi lng ring ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch.
n=950.8 (kg/m3).
dd : H s dn nhit ca cht lng.
dd = AC p3
(W/m. K).
Trong :
Cp: Nhit dung ring ng p ca dung dch Cp=4072.373
: Khi lng ring ca dung dch =1027.7 (kg/m3).
M: Khi lng mol trung bnh ca dung dch.
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 67

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
M =xM
+ ( 1x )M n c=0.07342+ ( 10.07 )18=40.68(
ng
g
)
mol
A l h s ph thuc mc lin kt ca cht lng, i vi nc A=3.58*10-8
1027.7
8
Suy ra dd =3.5810 1027.74072.373 40.68 =0.493 (W/m. K).
n :
H s dn nhit ca nc, n =0.684 (W/m.).
0.439
2=4374.72
0.684
0.565
[(
1027.7 2 4072.3730.258103
950.8
42310.374103
)(
)]
0.435
=3029.14
q 2= 2t 2=3029.146.6=19992.34 (W/m2).
Kim tra sai s q1 v q2:

q1 q 2
20606.6519992.34
100=
=2.98 <5 9 (tha iu kin).
q1
20606.65
q1+ q 20606.65+19992.34
=
=20299.5
2
2
(W/m2).
qtb=
2
H s truyn nhit K:
K=
qtb 20299.5
=
=384.68 (W/m2.).
t tb
52.77
Q=G 0C t=
1500
4072.373( 110.5330 )=136645.1 (W).
3600
B mt truyn nhit:
F=
Q
136645.1
=
=6.73
(m2).
Kt tb 384.6853.77
Chn b mt truyn nhit l F= 10 m2

S ng truyn nhit l:
Nhm thc hin: 09
n=
F
10
=
=63
(ng).
d tH 3.140.0341.5
trang 68

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Chn n=91 ng.

Tra b l s ng trn ng xuyn tm = 11 ng.
t=1.3d n=d n=1.30.038=0.0494
D=t( b1 ) + 4d n
(mm).
(cng thc V.140 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 49).
0.0494( 111 )+ 40.038=0.646
(m2).
Chn D= 800 (mm).

Vn tc chy trong ng:
1500
4
Q4
1027.73600
=
=
=4.9103 (m/s).
2
2
nd 3.14910.034
6.3.
Tnh bn cao v:
n nh lu lng trong qu trnh c c, bn cao v c t cao sao cho
thng c cc tr lc ca ng ng dung dch c th chy vo ni.

Phng trnh Bernouli:
Z1+
P 1 1 12
P 2
+
+ H =Z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + h12
2g
2g
suy ra Z 1Z 2=
P2P1
+h12
P1= 1.033 at (p sut kh quyn).

P2=1.4 at.
=1027.7
(kg/m3).
=0.374103 (N.s/m2).
Z1:Chiu cao t bn cao v xung t (m).

h1-2:Tng tn tht p sut(m).
Chiu cao t mt thong ni xung t l Z2=H+H+h= 2.204+0.2+1.598=4 (m).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 69

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
H: Chiu cao t bung t n y thit b.

H: Chiu cao b phn ni bung t v bung bc (m).
h: Chiu cao t khong h t y ti mt t.
ng knh ng nhp liu vo ni l d=500 (mm).
Vn tc dng chy trong ng:
V=
4G p
2
41500
=0.21 (m/s).
3.140.0521027.73600
Chun s Renoylds:
=
wd 0.210.051027.7
=
=28852.54
0.374103
Chn ng thp CT3 nn nhm =0.2 mm .

(cng thc II. 15 s tay qu trnh thit b tp 1 trang 381):
d 87
50 87
=6
=3301.07
0.2
()
gh=6
d 8
50 8
=220
=109674.38
0.2
()
n =220
( )
( )
Vy Regh<Re<Ren
H s ma st
=0.004
d tb
=0.1(
Suy ra
nm trong (8*10-50.0125).
1.46 100 0.25
)
d
(cng thc II. 64 s tay qu trnh thit b tp 1 trang
380)
0.1
1.460.2
100
+
50
28852.54
Tng tn tht cc b
0.25
=0.031
= v +5 khuu 90 +2 van + r
H s tn tht cc b ti ming ng vo l
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 70

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
khuu 90
H s tn tht cc b ti ming ng ra l
H s tn tht c b ti khuu 90o l
H s tn tht cc b ti van l
van
Suy ra =0.5+51.19+20.5+1=8.45.
Chiu di ng t bn cao v n ni l: l =14 (m).
Tng tn tht:
2
h12=
v
l
0.21
0.03114
+ =
+ 8.45 =0.038
2g
d
29.81
0.05
Chiu cao t mt thong bn cao v n mt t l:

Z 1=4+
( 1.41.033 )9.8110 4
+0.038=7.61 (m).
1027.79.81
Chn Z= 10 m.
6.4. Tnh bm:
6.4.1. Bm chn khng:
Cng sut bm chn khng:
1
m
ck103
P2 m1
N=
P kkV kk ( ) m 1
m1
P1
ck :
H s hiu chnh, ck =0.8
m: Ch s a bin, m=1.3
P2 : p sut kh quyn, P2= 1.033 at.
p sut khng kh trong thit b ngng t Baromet:
Pk k =P1=P ngPh=0.40.0664=0.3336 at .
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 71
(m)

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Ph :p sut hi sy nhit 37.54oC

Th tch khng kh cn ht khi thit b Vkk=4.65*10-3 (m3/s).
Cng sut bm:
1
1.3
3
0.810
1.033
N=
0.333699.811044.65103
1.31
0.3336
[(
1.31
1.3
1 = 0.246(KW ) .
Vy chn bm chn khng c cng sut mt m lc.

6.4.2.
Tnh bm nc vo thit b ngng t:
Cng sut ca bm:

N=
QgH
1000
(cng thc II. 189 s tay qu trnh thit b tp 1 trang 439).
H: ct p ca bm (m).
: Hiu sut ca bm, chn
=0.75
: Khi lng ring ca nc 30oC
=996 (kg/m3).
Q: Lu lng nc lnh ti vo Baromet:

Q=
Gn=2.6
( kg/s).
Gn 2.6
=
=2.61103 (m3/s).
996
Phng trnh Bernouli cho 2 mt ct 1-1 (mt thong b nc) v 2-2 (mt thong thit b
baromet):
Z1+
P 1 1 12
P 2 2 22
+
+ H =Z 2 + +
+ h12
2g
2g
V 1=V 2=0 (m/s).
P1=1.033 (at).
P2=0.4 (at).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 72

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
=0.8007103 (N.s/m2) ( nht nc 30oC).
Chiu cao t mt thong b nc xung t l Z1=2 (m).

Chiu cao t mt thong thit b xung t l Z2=10 (m).
Chn dht=dy ng knh ca vo thit b ca nc d= 100 (m).
3
4Q 42.6110
V=
=
=0.3325 (m/s).
2
2
d
3.140.1
Chun s Renoylds:
=
wd 0.33250.1996
=
=41360.06
0.8007103
Chn ng thp CT3 nn nhm =0.2 (mm).

d 87
110 87
=6
=7289.34
0.2
()
gh=6
d 8
100 8
=220
=239201.52
0.2
()
n =220
( )
( )
Vy Regh<Re<Ren
H s ma st:
=0.1
1.46 100
+
d
0.25
=0.1
1.460.2
100
+
100
41360.06
0.25
=0.027
Tng tn tht cc b:
= v +2 khuu 90 +2 van + r=0.5+ 21.19+20.5+1=4.88
Chiu di ng t b nc n thit b Baromet l = 14 m.

Tng tn tht:
2
v
l
0.3325
0.02714
h12=
+ =
+ 4.88 =0.049
2g
d
29.81
0.1
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 73
(m)

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Ct p ca bm:
H=( Z 2Z1 ) +
( PngP)9.81104
g
+h12
( 0.51.033 )9.81104
( 102 ) +
+0.049=2.7(m)
9969.81
Cng sut ca bm:

3
N=
2.6110 9969.812.7
=0.092 (KW)
10000.75
6.4.3.
Tnh bm nhp liu:
Bm dung dch t b cha ln bn cao v.

Cng sut ca bm:
N=
QgH
1000
(KW)
: Hiu sut ca bm.
=1027,7 (Kg/m3) Khi lng ring ca dung dch u .

Q=
G
1500
=
=4.05104 (m3/s).
1027.73600
Phng trnh Bernouli cho 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 :

2
P
P
Z 1 + 1 + 1 1 + H =Z 2 + 2 + 2 2 + h12
2g
2g
V 1=V 2=0 (m/s).
P1=1.033 (at).
P2=1.033 (at).
=0.935103 (N.s/m2) (t= 30oC v x= 7%).
Chiu cao t mt thong b khuy nguyn liu xung t l Z1=2 (m).
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 74

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Chiu cao t mt thong t bn cao v xung t l Z2=10 (m).

Chn dht=dy ng knh ng nhp liu d= 50 (m).
V=
4Q 44.05104
=
=0.21 (m/s).
2
2
d
3.140.05
Chun s Renoylds:
=
wd 0.210.051027.7
=
=11541.02
0.935103
Chn ng thp CT3 nn nhm =0.2 (mm).

d 87
50 87
=6
=3301
0.2
()
gh=6
( )
d 98
50 98
n =220
=220
=109674
0.2
()
( )
Vy Regh<Re<Ren
H s ma st:
=0.1
1.46 100
+
d
0.25
=0.1
1.460.2
100
+
50
11541.02
0.25
=0.035
Tng tn tht cc b:
= v +2 khuu 90 +2 van + r=4.88

Tng tn tht:
h12=
v 2 l
0.212
0.03514
+ =
+4.88 =0.033 (m)

2g
d
29.81
0.05
Ct p ca bm:
H=( 102 ) +0.033=8.033(m)
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 75

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Cng sut ca bm:

4
N=
4.0510 1027.79.818.033
=0.044 (KW).
10000.75
6.4.4.
Tnh bm tho liu ( ni II):
Cng sut ca bm:

N=
QgH
1000
: Hiu sut ca bm, chn
=0.75
=1153.31 kg/m3).
Q=
Gc
300
=
=7.23105 (m3/s).
36001153.31
Phng trnh Bernouli cho 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 :

Z1+
P 1 1 12
P 2 2 22
+
+ H =Z 2 + +
+ h12
2g
2g
4Q 47.23103
V 1=V =
=
=0.037 (m/s).
2
2
d
3.140.05
V2=0 (m/s).
P1=Pbc +
Pt
29.811153.31
=0.4+
=0.412at .
4
z
29.8110
P2=1.033 (at).
=1.133103 (N.s/m2) .
Chiu cao t ng tho liu xung t l Z1=0.5 (m).

Chiu cao t mt thong mt thong b tho liu xung t l Z2=2 (m).
Chn dht=dy ng knh ng tho liu d= 50 (m).
Chun s Renoylds:
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 76

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
wd 0.0370.051153.31
=
=1883.163
1.133103
Regh=3301<Re<Ren=109671.
H s ma st:
=0.1
1.46 100
+
d
0.25
=0.1
1.460.2
100
+
50
1883.163
0.25
=0.049

Tng tn tht:
h12=
v 2 l
0.0372 0.04910
+ =
+6.07 =1.11103 (m)

2g
d
29.81
0.05
Ct p ca bm:
H=( 20.5 ) +
(1.0330.412 )9.8110 4
+1.11103=6.88(m) .
1153.319.81
Cng sut ca bm:

N=
7.231031153.319.816.88
=7.5103 (KW).
10000.75
6.4.5.
B dy lp cch nhit:
6.4.5.1.
B dy lp cch nhi bung t ni I
1.35
2.8d1.2
t 1.3
2
t2
1.5
q1
(s tay tp 2 trang 41):
ng knh ngoi bung t =1008 (mm).

=0.151 W/m.K.
Chn lp cch nhit amiang, h s cp nhit

Nhit ngoi thnh bung t,
Nhm thc hin: 09
t t 2=132.9
trang 77
C.

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
=d2H=3.141.0081.5=4.75
Din tch bung t
(m2).
Nhit tn tht q1=449 (W/m) (bng V.7 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 41).
Do mi trng xung quanh t=30 oC nn phi nhn thm h s .
Tra bng V.8 s tay qu trnh v thit b tp 2 trang 43.
q1 =4490.978=439.122 (W/m).
=
2.81.0081.20.511.35132.91.3
=0.01379 (m).
439.1221.5
thun tin cho vic ch to, chn chiu dy lp cch nhit cho bung t ni I v ni II
l 14 mm.
6.4.5.2. B dy lp cch nhit ca ng dn hi t ni I:
1.2
2.8d
1.5
1.35
1.3
ng knh ngoi ng hi t ni I d2=108 (mm).

Chn lp cch nhit amiang, h s cp nhit =0.151 (W/m. K).
Nhit ngoi thnh ng dn hi t t=132.9 oC.
Nhit tn tht q1=89.082 (W/m).
Suy ra q1 =
2.80.1081.20.1511.35132.91.3
=0.011 (m)= 11 (mm).
87.1221.5
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 78

GVHD: Bi Tn Ngha
Nhm thc hin: 09
trang 79

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Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

2.3.1.Ch p sut v nhit ..........................................................................................17

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

5.1.2.tnh cho b dy thn...................................................................................................39

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

6.4.5.1.b dy lp cch nhi bung t ni i...............................................66

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V C C MA NG

1.1. Gii thiu chung:

Bin i nguyn liu:

Bin i tnh cht vt l:

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

Dung dch ng vo c nng 7% trong qu trnh c c nng s tng ln

ngng th cht chuyn thi t lng sang hi.

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

Bn cht ca s c c bng phng php nhit:

Da vo thuyt ng hc phn t: Cc phn t lng nm gn mt thong ca dung

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

Mt khc s bay hi cng do cc bt kh hnh thnh trong qu trnh cp nhit v chuyn

Dung dch i lu t nhin

Dung dch i lu cng

Dung dch chy thnh mng

(tun hon t nhin) dng

mng, chy mt ln trnh

c c dung dch kh long,

tc dung dch t 1,5 3 m/s

tip xc lu lm bin cht

sn phm, c bit thch

tun hon d dng qua b

hp cho cc dung dch thc

mt truyn nhit. Gm:

truyn nhit, dng cho dung

phm nh dung dch tri

C bung t trong (ng

dch c st, nht cao,

trc bung bc) c th c

gim bm cn, kt tinh trn

ng tun hon trong hoc

b mt truyn nhit. Gm:

ngc, c bung t trong

hay ngoi: dng cho dung

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

C bung t ngoi (khng

tun hon ngoi.

ng trc bung bc).

Mng dung dch chy xui,

tun hon ngoi.

c bung t trong hay

phn b hi t i ra ngoi ng tt, bo m b gin n nhit v.v

Nhm thc hin: 09

Tiu lun: C c dung dch ng 2 ni xui chiu

Dung dch thc hin

tip c c song song

qu trnh phi gia

0.51153.319.810.77= 2177.94 (N/m2) = 0.0217794 (at)