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Colour Compatibility Mode PDF
Colour Compatibility Mode PDF
COLOR MODELLING
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COLOR IMAGE PROCESS
COLOR MODELS
COLOR MODELING RGB CMY YIQ
HSL HSV
COLOR MODELS
Color Model
Color Models
Primary Colors
Primary colors of light are additive
Primary colors are red, green, and blue
Combining red + green + blue yields white
Primary colors of pigment are subtractive
Primary colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow
Combining cyan + magenta + yellow yields
black
6
YIQ
RGB
Gamma
correction
Color
lookup table
values
HSL
HSV
Source: www.mitsubishi.com
Source: www.hp.com
RGB Vs CMY
RGB Example
Original
Red Band
Green Band
Blue Band
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Light Intensity
Note that intensity is a weighted function of the r, g, b
values.
The human eye doesnt weight each component
identically!
YIQ MODEL
YIQ(color modelling)
YIQ is the color space used by the NTSC color TV system,
employed mainly in North and Central America, and Japan
The Y component represents the luma information, and is the
only component used by black-and-white television receivers.
I and Q represent the chrominance information. In YUV, the U
and V components can be thought of as X and Y coordinates
within the color space. I and Q can be thought of as a second
pair of axes on the same graph, rotated 33; therefore IQ and
UV represent different coordinate systems on the same plane.
YIQ(color modelling)
Color images are encoded as triplets of values.
RGB is an additive color model that is used for light-emitting devices,
e.g., CRT displays
CMY is a subtractive model that is used often for printers
Two common color models in imaging are RGB and CMY, two common
color models in video are YUV and YIQ.
YUV uses properties of the human eye to prioritize information. Y is the
black and white (luminance) image, U and V are the color difference
(chrominance) images.
YIQ uses similar idea.
Besides the hardware-oriented color models (i.e., RGB, CMY, YUV,
YIQ), HSB (Hue, Saturation, and Brightness) and HLS (Hue, Lightness,
and Saturation) are also commonly used.
HSV MODEL
HSV is another way to describe color with 3 parameters. RGB is the way
computer screens work, but not very intuitive. HSV is more intuitive, but
you need to convert it to RGB before you can draw a pixel with it. The
nicest application of this color model is that you can easily create
rainbow gradients or change the color, lightness or saturation of an
image with this color model.
HSV color obviously has the parameters H, S and V, or Hue, Saturation
and Lightness Value.
Hue indicates the color sensation of the light, in other words if the color
is red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, ... This representation looks
almost the same as the visible spectrum of light, except on the right is
now the color magenta (the combination of red and blue), instead of
violet (light with a frequency higher than blue):
Hue works circular, so it can be represented on a circle instead. A hue of
360 looks the same again as a hue of 0.
HSL MODEL
HSL is another way to describe color with 3 parameters. RGB is the way
computer screens work, but not very intuitive. HSL is more intuitive, but
you need to convert it to RGB before you can draw a pixel with it. The
nicest application of this color model is that you can easily create rainbow
gradients or change the color, lightness or saturation of an image with this
color model.
HSL color obviously has the parameters H, S and L, or Hue, Saturation
and Lightness.
Hue indicates the color sensation of the light, in other words if the color is
red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, ... This representation looks almost
the same as the visible spectrum of light, except on the right is now the
color magenta (the combination of red and blue), instead of violet (light
with a frequency higher than blue):
Hue works circular, so it can be represented on a circle instead. A hue of
360 looks the same again as a hue of 0.
THANK YOU