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Logarithm Lecture PDF
Logarithm Lecture PDF
Denition.
Solution
logx x = 1 x1 = x
At rst instance we will feel that x = x is true for all real values of x
hence solutions set is set of real numbers R.
But there is catch here. See the original problem. There x > 0 and x 6= 1
Hence solution set is x (0, 1) (1, )
x 1 = 0 or logx (2 x) = 0
x = 1 or 2 x = x0 = 1
x = 1 or x = 1
This example says that x = 1 seems like the solution. But check if log
exist in the question for x = 1. It doesn't! Since by denition base 6= 1.
Hence the problem has no solution.
1
2
Now we come to the important properties of Logarithm function which
makes them very useful for calculations.
0.1 Properties:
1. (Multiplication Rule) loga (mn) = loga m + loga n
Note here log or product becomes sum of the logs. Moreover you can
go from RHS to LHS only if the added logs have the same base.
2. (Power rule) loga mr = rloga m
Here the power over the number gets multiplied by the power. Power
rule can be produced from Multiplication rule Think!
3. (Division rule) loga ( m
n ) = loga m loga n
This rule can be produced from the above two rules.
1
p
r
loga m
p
2) = log10 ( 3 + 2)
0 = log10 ( 3 2) + log10 ( 3 + 2)
log10 ( 3 2) = log10 ( 3 + 2)
2)
1
= log10 ( 3+ 2)1 = log10 ( 3+
LHS = log10 ( 3 2) = log10
3+ 2
2) = RHS
Solution
If you see the RHS, for all real values of x except 0 its is well dened.
But the LHS is dened only for x > 0. Hence the above statement is
true only where both LHS and RHS are welldened, though they are part of
an idendity. So the statement is true for x > 0 only.
0.2
Fundamental Identity
25log125 23
2
loga b
= logc b
loga c
1
logb a