Satin Stitch

Introduction
In sewing and embroidery, a satin stitch or damask stitch is a series of flat stitches that are used to completely cover a section of the background
fabric. Narrow rows of satin stitch can be executed on a standard sewing machine using a zigzag stitch or a special satin stitch foot.In order to
maintain a smooth edge, shapes can be outlined with back, split or chain stitch before the entire shape including the outline is covered with satin
stitch.Machine-made satin stitch is often used to outline and attach appliques to the ground fabric

Variants
Variants of the satin stitch include:
Bourdon stitch - a tightly spaced, decorative stitch typically used for monograms and decorative purposes.
Brick stitch, in which alternate rows of satin stitches are offset by half the stitch length. Worked in several related colors, brick stitch
allows stepped shading. (Brick stitch is also the name of a beadwork technique.)
Encroaching satin stitch, in which the top of each row of stitches is set between the bottom of the stitches on the previous row.
Long-and-short stitch, used for fine shading; in the first row of satin stitches, every other stitch is half the length of its neighbors.
Subsequent rows in related colors are all of the same length.
Padded satin stitch, in which shapes are filled with rows of small running stitches which are then covered with satin stitches

Thread
Satin stitch is frequently made with embroidery thread, which has less twist than standard sewing thread. This gives a more uniform effect, with
the individual threads' filaments merging.While good sewing threads produce acceptable satin stitch, low quality threads usually do not sit
straight, and produce an uneven result. The colour of each thread usually does not matter.

Cross Stitch
Introduction
Cross-stitch is the oldest form of embroidery and can be found all over the world.Many folk museums show examples of clothing decorated with
cross-stitch, especially from continental Europe, Asia, and Eastern and Central Europe.The cross stitch sampler is called that because it was
generally stitched by a young girl to learn how to stitch and to record alphabet and other patterns to be used in her household sewing. These
samples of her stitching could be referred back to over the years. Often, motifs and initials were stitched on household items to identify their
owner, or simply to decorate the otherwise-plain cloth. Although there are many cross-stitchers who still employ it in this fashion, it is now
increasingly popular to work the pattern on pieces of fabric and hang them on the wall for decoration. Cross stitch is also often used to make
greeting cards, pillow tops, or as inserts for box tops, coasters and trivets.

Variation
Multicolored, shaded, painting-like patterns as we know them today are a fairly modern development, deriving from similar shaded patterns of
Berlin wool work of the mid-nineteenth century. Besides designs created expressly for cross stitch, there are software programs that convert a
photograph or a fine art image into a chart suitable for stitching. One stunning example of this is in the cross stitched reproduction of the Sistine
Chapel charted and stitched by Joanna Lopianowski-Roberts.
Other materials used are pearl (or perle) cotton, Danish flower thread, silk and Rayon. Different wool threads, metallic threads or other novelty
threads are also used, sometimes for the whole work, but often for accents and embellishments. Hand-dyed cross stitch floss is created just as the
name implies - it is dyed by hand. Because of this, there are variations in the amount of color throughout the thread. Some variations can be
subtle, while some can be a huge contrast. Some also have more than one color per thread, which in the right project, creates amazing results.
Cross stitch is widely used in traditional Palestinian dressmaking.

Sequin

Stitch

Introduction
Sequin Embroidery are disk shaped beads used for decorative purposes and are available in a wide variety of colors and geometrical shapes. It is a
kind of an embroidery work done in apparel and other handicrafts to look attractive and rich. Sequin embroidery designs may be stitched flat to
the fabric, so that they do not move, and are less likely to fall off; or they may be stitched at only one point, so that they dangle and move easily,
to catch more light. We offer a spectrum of brilliant sequin work to our customers as per their choice.
Sequin Embroidery are disk shaped beads or discs used for decorative purposes. They are available in a wide variety of colors and geometric
shapes. They are commonly used on clothing, jewelry, bags and other accessories. Although coins are still used as sequins in some cultures,
modern sequins tend to be made of plastic. They may also be referred to as spangles, palettes or diamantes. They may be stitched flat to the fabric
so that they do not move and are less likely to fall off. Or they may be stitched at only one point, so that they dangle and move easily to catch
more light. Some sequins are made with facets to increase their reflective ability. Sequins got their name from the Arabic Sikka meaning a coin or
disc. The custom of stitching sequins and similar coins to womens clothing, particularly headdresses, face veils and over the bosom and hips,
originally arose as a way to display the familys wealth. It was this ancient wisdom that led to the use of sequined fabric and trims in moderns
fashion, and expanded the definition of sequin beyond coins to include this particular type of decoration.

Shade Stitch
Introduction
Stem stitch is normally used to create lines, delicate or bold, in embroidery. But it can also be effectively used to fill a space. Not only can you fill
a space on an embroidery design with solid color using stem stitch, but you can easily shade with stem stitch as well. To work a stem stitch filling,
start by outlining the space you want to fill with stem stitch. Then, working close to the outline, simply work more lines inside the space until it is
full! For an irregular shape, by the time you reach the center, you might have to manipulate your stitches and lines a little bit to get the whole
space full, but in the end, the stitches will all blend together to give a solid fill. You can shade in a filled area with stem stitch, too. If your floss
comes in a gradual range of shades, achieving a shaded filling is simple! Just switch to a different shade for subsequent lines of filling. If you want
a more gradually filled shape - like the vines above - especially if your floss does not come in gradually-shaded colors, you can still achieve this
with the stem stitch and other line stitches. Approach chain stitch the same way you would approach stem stitch: begin on the outside of the shape
by working the chain stitch along the design line. Beginning on the outside of the shape is important. Doing so will give you a sharp, neat outline
and will set the shape. Then, work subsequent lines of chain stitch, inside the shape, following the original outline. As the shape fills and you
reach the center, you may have to get creative in the way your lines fill the shape, but in the end, youll end up with a solid fill. The bird above
was filled with chain stitch using a variegated embroidery thread. But you can also achieve a shaded effect with chain stitch filling.

Appliqu

Stitch

Introduction
An appliqu is applying to another surface. The technique is very common in some kinds of textiles, but may be applied to many materials. In the
context of ceramics, for example, an appliqu is a separate piece of clay added to the primary work, generally for the purpose of decoration.The
term is borrowed from Frlied" or "thing that has been applied." Appliqu is a surface pattern that is used to decorate an aspect of a garment or
product. It has been around since sewing was invented. In earlier years people sewed it by hand but nowadays people use sewing machinesin the
context of sewing, an appliqu refers to a needlework technique in which patterns or representational scenes are created by the attachment of
smaller pieces of fabric to a larger piece of contrasting color or texture. It is particularly suitable for work which is to be seen from a distance,
such as in banner-making. A famous example of appliqu is the Hastings Embroidery. Appliqud cloth is an important art form in Benin, West
Africa, particularly in the area around Abomey, where it has been a tradition since the 18th century and the kingdom of Danhom.

Types
Applied pieces usually have their edges folded under, and are then attached by any of the following:
Straight stitch, typically 20-30mm in from the edge.
Satin stitch, all around, overlapping the edge. The patch may be glued or straight stitched on first to ensure positional stability and a neat
edge.

 Reverse appliqu: the attached materials are sewn together, and then cut away where another material covers it on top, before being sewn
down onto the edges of the original material.
In this sense, appliqu refers to using fabric shapes/designs usually on the trim of a garment. This can either be sewn or glued. Many appliques are
exported from China. Since many designers use appliqus that are mass-produced.

kantha Stitch
Introduction
Kantha evolved out of necessity to drape or protect against cold. Kontha on Sanskrit means rags. That era thread and cloth were not easily
available to common people so they started to use overused saris or dhotis by stitching them up. They used the strand of thread from the colorful
border of the saris and stared to make simple designs with them. The fabric used is discarded cloth, usually from worn out cotton saris, the thicker
the cotton or number of layers, the coarser the embroidery. To keep the layers uniform and straight, weight are placed on the four corners. The
four sides are tacked through the layers, and then, in selected places, the three layers are stitched to keep them in position. The oldest reference to
Kantha is in Sri Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita" by Krishnadas Kaviraj Which was written some 500 years back. Kantha was said to be lady's self
expression. The real kantha narrates a story, the emotions and life of artist.The real Kantha embroidery is doorukha- double faced- a style in which
the stitches are so skillfully made that the details of each design appear identical on either side. ordinarily however, when the stitch is of great
length, it is broken one or more times by making a short stitch on the reverse, giving a dotted appearance, thus making the forms and designs that
appear on one side become complementary to those on the other side.
Motifs- The designs may be roughly divided into illustrations of epic and folk stories, ritualistic motifs, luxuriant vegetation of woods, with
animals roaming and deer running, peacocks dancing, houses with balconies filled with peoples, temples with friezes, articles of daily use like
caskets, baskets, nutcrackers, hukkas, beds, umbrella, pitcher, comb, mirror, candelabra, personal items like costumes and jewellery, vehicles like
chariots, palanquins, elephant with howdahs, horses with saddles. An unusual fact to note is that figures of deities are rarely done in Kantha.They
seem to be represented by their vahanas-vehicles-which have a significance of their own. These are nandi the bull, peacock, swan, elephant, lion,

cat, mouse, garuda-theeagle, owl etc. Lotus is the most important amongst motifs and usually fills the centre of piece. An overall lotus pattern is
sometimes built up by alternating red and black petals.