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Conveying of Solids Lec-8 Corrected
Conveying of Solids Lec-8 Corrected
Transport of solids
Scrapers (they push the material along the tubes eg screw con
Mechanical conveyors
Conveyors
Gravity chutes-down which the solid falls under the action of
gravity. Gravity feed through vertical chutes can be used
economically, particularly when the material has to pass through
a series of operations. In such cases, the material is first brought
to the top of the building or structure by a conveyor or elevator
and then fed downwards by gravity, operation by operation,
until removed as product at the bottom. The only power
requirement will be that for lifting the solids to the required
elevation.
A chute is a vertical or inclined plane, channel, or passage through which objects are moved by
means of gravity.
Chutes are in common use in tall buildings to allow the rapid transport of items from the upper floors
to a central location on one of the lower floors or basement. Chutes may be round, square or
rectangular at the top and/or the bottom.
chutes are in common use in tall buildings to allow the rapid transport of items from the upper floors to a central
location on one of the lower floors or basement. Chutes may be round, square or rectangular at the top and/or the
bottom.
Applications
Laundry chutes in hotels are placed on each floor to allow the expedient transfer and
collection of dirty laundry to the hotel's laundry facility without having to use elevators or
stairs.
Garbage chutes are common in high-rise apartment buildings and are used to collect all the
building's garbage in the one place. Often the bottom end of the chute is placed directly above
a large waste receptacle. This makes garbage collection more efficient.
Mail chutes are used in some buildings to collect the occupants' mail. A notable example is
the Asia Insurance Building.
Escape chutes are used and proposed for use in evacuation of mining equipment and high-rise
buildings.[4][5]
Construction chutes are used to remove rubble and similar demolition materials safely from
taller buildings. These temporary structures typically consist of a chain of cylindrical or
conical plastic tubes, each fitted into the top of the one below and tied together, usually with
chains. Together they form a long flexible tube, which is hung down the side of the building.
The lower end of this tube is placed over a skip or other receptacle, and waste materials are
dropped into the top. Heavy duty steel chutes may also be used when the debris being
deposited is heavy duty and in cases of particularly high buildings.
(a)
Air slides-where the particles which are maintained partially
suspended in a channel by the upward flow of air.
(b)
Belt conveyers- where the solids are conveyed horizontally or at
small angles to the horizontal, on a continuous moving belt. They have
large load carrying capacity over long distances. Simple design, easy
maintenance and high reliability of operation. Principle components of a
belt conveyor are a supporting structure, two pulleys, drive pulley at the
head and take-up pulley at the rear end and a closed belt that runs around
these pulley and is fastened to the frame.
It consists of a Screw Auger Rotating in a pipe for vertical lifting or in a U-shaped trough
for horizontal conveying.
They usually consist of a trough or tube containing either a spiral blade coiled around a shaft,
driven at one end and held at the other, or a "shaftless spiral", driven at one end and free at the
other. The rate of volume transfer is proportional to the rotation rate of the shaft.
Screw conveyors can be operated with the flow of material inclined upward.
When space allows, this is a very economical method of elevating and conveying.
As the angle of inclination increases, the capacity of a given unit rapidly decreases.
(e)
Vibrating conveyors-in which the particles are subjected to
asymmetric vibration and travel in a series of steps over a table. During
the forward stroke of the table the particles are carried forward in contact
with it, but the acceleration in the reverse stroke of the table is so high
that the table slips under the particles.
Vibrating conveyors are also suitable for harsh, very hot, dirty, or corrosive
environments. They can be used to convey newly cast metal parts which may reach
upwards of 1,500 F (820 C).
(f)
mode
of
transport
such
as
slurry
will work for particles up to 2 inches in diameter @ typical density. By "typical density" we
mean that a 2 inch particle of a polymer resin can be moved via pneumatic conveying, but a
2 inch lead ball would not.