MAJOR E & P USED FOR DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES

Earth work
a) Backhoe Loader:
A backhoe loader is also known as a
loader backhoe. It is a digging
and engineering vehicle and it consists of four
parts. These four parts include a front shovel,
a tractor, a small backhoe, a bucket and a rare
end.

It’s is mostly used in transportation of light

building materials, digging holes, paving roads,
breaking asphalts etc.

b) Front shovel:
The front shovel’s main purpose is to move earth. It
digs above track level in an upward motion
crowding material away from itself. It has
high breaking force capable of excavating heavily
compacted dirt and rocks, but because of its
short boom and stick, it must be close to the material
it is digging.

c) Dozers

A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a

substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities
of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material
during construction or conversion work and typically
equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely compacted
materials.

d) Drag line:

A dragline excavator is a piece of heavy

equipment used in civil engineering and surface
mining.

Draglines fall into two broad categories: those

that are based on standard, lifting cranes, and the
heavy units which have to be built on-site. Most
crawler cranes, with an added winch drum on the
front, can act as a dragline. These units (like other
cranes) are designed to be dismantled and transported over the road on flatbed trailers. Draglines
used in civil engineering are almost always of this smaller, crane type. These are used for road,
port construction, pond and canal dredging, and as pile driving rigs. These types are built by
crane manufacturers such as Link-Belt and Hyster.

e) Clam shell

The clamshell bucket is a more sophisticated

articulated several-piece device, including two
elementary buckets associated on a hinged
structure forming a claws-like appendage with
an internal volume.
 f) Roller Compactor

A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or

just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used
to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and foundations.
Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.

g) Scraper

The scraper is a large piece of equipment

which is used in mining, construction,
agriculture and other earthmoving
applications. The rear part has a vertically
moveable hopper (also known as the bowl)
with a sharp horizontal front edge. The hopper
can be hydraulically lowered and raised.

h) Damper

A loader is a heavy equipment machine used

in construction to move aside or load materials
such as asphalt, demolition
debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs,
raw minerals, recycled
material, rock, sand, woodchips, etc.
Concrete:

1) Concrete batching and mixing plant:

A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or

batching plant or a concrete batching plant, is
equipment that combines various ingredients to
form concrete. Some of these inputs include
water, air, admixtures, sand, aggregate (rocks,
gravel, etc.), fly ash, silica fume, slag,
and cement.

2) Concrete mixers

A concrete mixer (often mistakenly called a cement

mixer) is a device that homogeneously
combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel,
and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer
uses a revolving drum to mix the components.

3) Concrete transit mixers

A variant of standard concrete transportation is the

concrete or cement mixing trailer. These small
versions of a transit-mix truck are used to supply
short loads of concrete. These cart-away style trailers
have a concrete mixing drum with a capacity of
between 1 and 1.75 cubic yards (0.76 and 1.34 m3).
 4) Concrete pumps

A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring

liquid concrete by pumping. There are two types
of concrete pumps.

The first type of concrete pump is attached to a

truck or longer units are on semi-trailers. It is
known as a boom concrete pump because it uses
a remote-controlled articulating robotic arm
(called a boom) to place concrete accurately. Boom pumps are
used on most of the larger construction projects as they are capable of pumping at very
high volumes and because of the labor saving nature of the placing boom. They are a
revolutionary alternative to line-concrete pumps.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF HOISTING EQUIPMENT’S

I. Boom hoist crane

A horizontal member used to permit hoisting as well as

lowering the load at a point other than directly under
the hoist drum or trolley. The boom is mounted on a
trolley.
 II. Chain hoist crane

A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load

by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which rope
or chain wraps. It may be manually operated,
electrically or pneumatically driven and may
use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium.

III. Electrical hoist crane

A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a

load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around
which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually
operated, electrically or pneumatically driven and
may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting
medium.

IV. Derrick carne

A derrick is a lifting device composed at minimum of

one guyed mast, as in a gin pole, which may be
articulated over a load by adjusting its guys. Most
derricks have at least two components, either a guyed
mast or self-supporting tower, and a boom hinged at
its base to provide articulation, as in a stiff
leg derrick.
V. Mobile crane

A mobile crane is a cable-

controlled crane mounted on crawlers or
rubber-tired carriers or a hydraulic-
powered crane with a telescoping boom
mounted on truck-type carriers or as self-
propelled models.

VI. Tower crane

The tower crane is a fixed crane and have to

be mounted on-site. The tower crane present
itself like a vertical metallic structure having
a horizontal boom that can turn over an
angle up to 360°. From his particular setting
up, the tower crane is ideal for all king of
high building or high structure construction.