Homework marking scheme 4.

1
Sailing
1

The tip-to-tail triangle shown, or the rectangle, or a tip-to-tail triangle forming the lower half
of the rectangle are all correct answers here.

[1]

FN and FW correctly labelled

[1]

FN
= cos(63)
500 N

[1]

FN
= 0.45 so FN = 500 N 0.45 = 230 N (2 sig. figs.)
500 N

[1]

FW
= sin(63) so FW = 500 N sin(63) = 500 N 0.89 = 450 N
500 N

[1]

(Whichever one is done first, the first component correctly calculated gets 2 marks. The repeat
calculation for the second component gets 1 mark. The second component can also be found
by Pythagorass theorem, as (500 N)2 = (FN) 2 + (FW)2.)
b

As the boat moves forwards, the rudder pushes the water to the left.

[1]

The water pushes the rudder, and hence the stern of the boat, to the right.

[1]

(The directions of the force and what pushes what must be clear in each case.)
c

Acceleration is a =

FN 230 N
= 1.8 m s2
=
m 130 kg

[1]

v2 = u2 + 2as, so 2as = v2 u2 = (5.8 m s1)2 0 = 34 m2 s2

s=

34 m 2 s 2
34 m 2 s 2
= 9.4 m
=
2a
2 1.8 m s 2

[1]

(Give 1 mark for applying appropriate equation of motion, which can also be done by using
v = u + at and then s = ut + 12 at 2 , and 1 mark for the correct answer.)
It will not go this far as the resultant force is less than 230 N due to drag / resistance forces.

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

[1]

There is no resultant force on the boat,

[1]

so the component due to the wind must be equal to the drag on the boat from the water (and
from the air, although that is much less).

[1]

The sideways drag from the water is much greater than the forwards drag/ the boat is more
streamlined in the forwards direction/ the larger sideways area prevent easy movement in that
direction
[1]

Arrow at keel to the right in Figure 1(c).

[1]

Clockwise moment about boats centre of gravity = anticlockwise moment about that point
FW 1.9 m = FR 0.75 m
450 N 1.9 m = FR 0.75 m, so FR =

[1]

450 N 1.9 m
= 1100 N
0.75 m

[1]

(Allow own answer to 1a for FW.)

2

Constant speed from A until the route starts to curve.

[1]

As the route curves around B, component of force in forward direction increases,

[1]

which means that the boat speeds up until drag force balances forward force.

[1]

Boat continues at maximum speed along straight part of route up to C.

[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014