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SIVE
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ARTICLE Name
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Aluntina

31150073
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31.2A.02

BINA SARANA INFORMATIKA JAKARTA

2015/2016

MEETING XI

THE FOUR TEMPERAMENT TYPES

Choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic temperaments, 20th-century depiction by an

unknown artist
Each of the four types of humors corresponded in ancient times to a different personality type.
These were associated with a domination of various biological functions. Lievegoed suggested
that the temperaments come to clearest manifestation in childhood, between approximately 6 and
14 years of age, after which they become subordinate (though still influential) factors in
personality.
Sanguine
The sanguine temperament is traditionally associated with air. People with this temperament tend
to be lively, sociable, carefree, talkative, and pleasure-seeking. They may be warm-hearted and
optimistic. They can make new friends easily, be imaginative and artistic, and often have many
ideas. They can be flighty and changeable; thus sanguine personalities may struggle with
following tasks all the way through and be chronically late or forgetful.
Choleric
The choleric temperament is traditionally associated with fire. People with this temperament tend
to be egocentric and extroverted. They may be excitable, impulsive, and restless, with reserves
of aggression, energy, and/or passion, and try to instill that in others.
They tend to be task-oriented people and are focused on getting a job done efficiently; their
motto is usually "do it now." They can be ambitious, strong-willed and like to be in charge. They
can show leadership, are good at planning, and are often practical and solution-oriented. They
appreciate receiving respect and esteem for their work.

Pedagogically, they can be best reached through mutual respect and appropriate challenges that
recognize their capacities.
Melancholic
The melancholic temperament is traditionally associated with the element of earth. People with
this temperament may appear serious, introverted, cautious or even suspicious. They can become
preoccupied with the tragedy and cruelty in the world and are susceptible to depression and
moodiness. They may be focused and conscientious. They often prefer to do things themselves,
both to meet their own standards and because they are not inherently sociable.
Phlegmatic
The phlegmatic temperament is traditionally associated with water. People with this temperament
may be inward and private, thoughtful, reasonable, calm, patient, caring, and tolerant. They tend
to have a rich inner life, seek a quiet, peaceful atmosphere, and be content with themselves. They
tend to be steadfast, consistent in their habits, and thus steady and faithful friends.

MEETING XII
PRINCESS JASMINE AND PRINCESS POCAHONTAS

Princess Jasmine, the love interest of Aladdin is portrayed as quite exotic. With her big,
wide eyes, foreign jewelry, two-piece silk outfits (that do not ever manage to cover up her
shoulders and stomach), and her satin flat slippers are lovely, but foreign. For many families and
their children Princess Jasmine was the first Arab character that they were introduced to via
mainstream media, and the stereotypical images that were created then has lasted until this day.
Princess Jasmine is a free thinking young woman, who refuses to be married off to someone she
does not want or love. She is clever, witty, and is not afraid to break some traditions.
Princess Jasmines character is not your stereotypical Arab woman, but her fashion
(dress) and her environment is straight out a Persian fairytale. Princess Jasmine is still portrayed
as what Kathleen Reedy theorizes as the harem girl, Reedy makes the observation that these
women rarely exist as individuals, but almost always belong to someone, either a relative or a
master. Because Jasmine is dressed in revealing clothing and is shown as an exotic, beautiful
woman that is meant to be put on display, Reedy says that Jasmines behavior completes the
stereotype that Arab women are subservient and inferior to the their men.
Pocahontas, which was released in 1995, and was the first Disney heroine to be based
loosely on a real person, and her story based on some factual events. Before watching this movie
as a young girl I had no other interactions with Native American people other than the few that
were featured in Peter Pan. I thought that Pocahontas character was very noble and intelligent,
and I loved that she wasnt made from the same mold as Cinderella or Aurora, by this time I was
looking for a free spirited role model and the fact that Pocahontas was unconventional in
everyway appealed to me. I watched Pocahontas character development with interest; the theme
of respect for Mother Earth gets wrapped up in everything Pocahontas does. Her role as the
Native American girl who can speak to nature and has immense respect for the plants and
animals is a positive one, but still stereotypical of Indigenous Peoples.
Another stereotype is one that life isnt complete until one is married and Pocahontas, like
Jasmine, is pressured by her father to get married. Her father, Chief Powatan, is a strong, but safe
presence throughout the film, reminding Pocahontas of her duty to her people and that she needs
to be married and start a new journey with her betrothed warrior Kocoum. While I wouldnt say
that this obstacle to our unconventional princess is stereotypical of Native American culture, I
will say that it is sexist to suggest that a woman isnt complete without a man. Another

stereotype that was dominant throughout the film was the idea that Native American Indians are
savages.

MEETING XIII
CAUSE AND EFFECT OF SMOKING

We learn and are taught about the dangers of smoking as young children. We hear about it
on television, radio and in print. Its all around us and completely unavoidable. Just about
everyone knows someone who has died from a smoking related disease. And not only are
smokers putting their own lives at risk, but they are also placing the lives of those around them in
serious danger. The majority of smokers are cognizant of the dangers of inhaling the poisons and
toxins that deteriorate their health and those around them, and they either dont care or are so
addicted to tobacco, that they are at an impasse to do anything about it.
There are many different reasons why people choose to smoke cigarettes. Many people
start smoking during their teenage years, due to peer pressure and acceptance. Some people
begin smoking due to the stress in their lives and are under the misconceived notion that it
relaxes them. Others smoke due to the assumption that because their parents smoke, it must be
okay. A little common sense would indicate that inhaling smoke cannot be good or healthy for
the

human

body.

Cigarettes are highly addictive, both physically and psychologically. Once a person is addicted to
and dependant upon cigarettes, it is very difficult to quit. Most users of tobacco products develop
a tolerance to nicotine and require greater amounts to produce the desired effect, according to the
National Cancer Institute.
Tobacco companies put ammonia in cigarettes, which opens up brain cells, causing the
nicotine to be absorbed in greater amounts, which expedites the addiction. These companies
spend billions of dollars a year on marketing to get people hooked, and a majority of this
advertising is targeted to young children and teens. There are many negative risks associated
with smoking cigarettes. Smoking can cause diminished or extinguished sense of smell and taste,
frequent colds, premature and more abundant face wrinkles

MEETING XIV
FAST FOOD

Everyone should think twice before deciding to eat fast food. There are many health risks
when it comes to eating food thats made within a matter of seconds. The food is not properly
taken care of, which leads all the way back to where the food is originally produced. Even if it is
easy to buy and cheap, the health risks outweigh the five minutes of satisfaction that fast food
brings. One should carefully think before they eat fast food.
The health risks that come from eating so much fast food are life-threatening. Obesity can
come from eating fast food thats bought often. Fast food is made from a lot of high saturated
fats and calories if it isnt work off, then you can grow to become obese. Even a small quantity
of fast food contains high calories. People are fooled by the quantity and they tend to eat more.
Thus, without knowing, they consume a lot of calories (How). This is a prime example on how
people can consume so many calories, and without even knowing. Obesity isnt the only risk,
because heart disease is also a prime factor. What you eat can affect your hearts health and
your chances of developing life-threatening heart disease (Robin). When you eat all of the fats,
sugars, and salts, your heart can grow weak and it will endanger you. There is no safe risk for
your body when it comes to eating fast food.
Food-borne illnesses can come from out fast food. What most people dont know is the
conditions the animals are living in before theyre killed. Cows are being hung upside, pigs and
chickens are cramped in enclosed spaces. Inside the facility, the animals are beaten once more
to be herded into place. In one case, a man is seen punching, kicking and kneeing a pig, then
striking it with a steel stunning tong at least 20 times, as the animal screams (Gutierrez). What
can come from those living conditions? Different bacteria that enters our food. A recent study
has revealed that a full 48% of soda fountains at fast food restaurants contain coliform bacteria
which grows in feces. 11% containted E. Coli, too (Merchant). Its extremely sickening to see
that even our soft drinks are now infected by food-borne illnesses that usually derive from meat.
However, fast food is one of the easiest and cheapest ways of eating. It saves a lot of time
and money, especially for people who are coming home from work. As illustrated by the
success of fast food, being more convenient than the alternative will almost always give you a
significant advantage in the marketplace (Myers). Its obvious that there is no quicker or better
way to satisfy your rumbling stomach. But then again, what exactly is the price to pay once
youve had your fill, and now you have new illnesses from eating at fast food restaurants? In the

United States, food-borne diseases have been estimated to cause 6 million to 81 million illnesses
and up to 9,000 deaths each year (Mead). Anyone one of these numbers can be from someones
family. Most of this bacteria is found in the food you eat from your local fast food joint. Eating at
one of these places can cost thousands of dollars in hospital bills, all because of a diseased
burger.
Everyone should think twice before deciding to eat fast food. The health risks arent
worth your life, and animals that live in slaughter houses arent treated properly or hygienically
before their death, which can cause many food-borne illnesses to inhabit food. Although it is
easy to buy and cheap, risking a life for something that isnt good for any person in the first place
could cost thousands of dollars in hospital bills. It is important to eat healthy and make good
choices when deciding what to put in your body. Dont be lazy and pick up fast food on your
way home from work. Make the right choice and eat some vegetables.