The Analysis Of Code Mixing In Short Story, Kau Cantik Hari Ini By Putik

Novanda Sari
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Indonesia is a bilingual country. Most of the people are able to speak in two languages:
first the mother tongue, second national language. This happens because Indonesia is a
multicultural country with diverse cultural and linguistic variations. Someone said bilingual if he
mastered two languages well.
Indonesia could also be regarded as a multilingual country, especially in big cities are
often in contact with foreign cultures. Most of the population is not only able to speak their
mother tongue and the national language, but is also able to speak the foreign language.
Multilingual person said if he controls more than two languages well.
The ability to speak two or three languages borns a phenomenon called mixed language
code (code mixing). Therefore, it is not possible a polyglot only use one language without
affected another language in his life. In bilingual and multilingual societies, events mixed code is
a necessity. Those who master several languages would often slip another language in speech
activity.
Mixed event code not only in oral form, but also often occurs in the form of writing.
Every writer, especially writers who grew up in an urban environment, would never enter the
code interfering elements in his works. Whether it be the insertion of words, phrases, clauses,
and other such. One example is Putik Novanda Sari, a young writer who published her short
story in story magazine, titled Kau Cantik Hari Ini.
Kau Cantik Hari ini tells the story of a woman, Belqis who tries to be perfect in front of someone
whom she loves. His name is Rado. But, Angga, Belqis friend really does not like with the
behaviour and character of Belqis to try to be perfect. He likes Belqis in what she is. He does not
care for the bad things of Belqis looking. In every case, she is very beautiful in Anggas eyes.
Finally, Putik Novanda Sari, the author of Kau Cantik Hari Ini short story, arguably quite often
interfering incorporate code into the short story. Therefore, I get the title of this research as The
Analysis of Code Mixing in Short Story, Kau Cantik Hari Ini By Putik Novanda Sari

B. Formulation of Study
Some problems which formulated for this research are:
a. What does the code mixing in the short story Kau Cantik Hari Ini look like?
b. How many percentage does the code mixing, especially English word in the story Kau Cantik
Hari Ini have?
c. How many similar words does the code mixing, especially English word in the story Kau
Cantik Hari Ini have?
C. The Aim of Study
The aim of this research are:
a. To know the code mixing looked like
b. To know how many percentage that the code mixing has
c.

To know how many similar words that the code mixing has
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Code Mixing
The concept of code mixing is used to refer to a more general form of language contact
that may include cases of code-switching and the other form of contacts which emphasizes the
lexical items. This definition is found in the following excerpt. Pieter Muysken defines that I am
using the term code-mixing to refer to all cases where lexical item and grammatical features
from two languages appear in one sentence. And John Gumperz defines in code- mixing pieces
of one language are used while a speaker is basically using another language.1[1]
Code mixing is a mix of code that occurs when conversant uses both languages
together to the extent they change from one language to other in the course of single
utterance.2[2]
According

to

Suwito,

in

code

mixing,

we

can

see

the

borrowing

elements

of sentence from one language to other language. The writer uses two language or more

1
2

language to state their thought, instruction, message, and experiment in order to that
readers can receive what the writer has expresses.3[3]
In relation to the language and social groups, code mixing is a phenomenon of bilingual
or multilingual society. Bilingual or multilingual speakers as involved persons in using two or
more languages are involved with two or more cultures, and of course, it is not separated from
the result of the language use. The using of two or more languages, personal or social group,
commonly named bilingualism or multilingualism. The result can be mentioned as chaos of the
language system.
Whereas Patteda explained this, term in Indonesian that Campur kode adalah
penggunaan bahasa yang lebih dari satu bahasa yang dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja
dipadukan untuk menaikan status social atau menjaga gengsi penuturnya. (Code mixing is
defined as expressively combined more than one language to increase social status or to keep the
speakers prestige).4[4]
According to Nababan code mixing happens when people mix two languages (or more)
languages in such speech act or discourse without any force to do mixing codes. Trudgill in
Udoro defined Code Mixing is as the process whereby speakers indulge in code switching
between languages of such rapidity and density, even within sentences and phrases that are not
possible to say at any given time which language they are speaking.5[5]
Additionally, in code mixing situation, to keep the speakers prestige can be mentioned,
because there are no proper words to express the speakers mean. Mehmet Celik (La Trobe
University, Australia) said that Code-mixing involves the use of an Language 1 word in an
Language 2 utterance- a common occurrence in bilingual or immigrant communities.
Different researchers have tried to define the term code, code-mixing. Some of the
definitions are:6[6]

3
4
5
6

1.

Code will be taken as a verbal component that can be as small as a morpheme or as

comprehensive and complex as the entire system of language (Ayeomoni)

2. Code-mixing refers to the transfer of linguistic units from one language into another and the
units may be morphemes, words, phrases, clauses or sentences (Kachru)
3. Code-mixing is an admixture of linguistic elements of two or more languages system in the same
4.

utterances at various levels (Yee Ho)

Code-mixing is the use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or

interaction. (Scotton and Ury)

5. Code-mixing is the alternate use of two languages in a single discourse. (Paplock)
There by code mixing happened caused interrelationship among role of speaker,
Language form, and Language function. Some of code mixing form, that is insertion of word,
insertion of phrase, insertion of clause, insertion of idiom or expression, and insertion of form of
baster ( alliance forming of genuine and foreign language).7[7]

There are some factors, that cause people do code mixing according to Breadsmore. Some of
them are:
1. Bilingualism
It cannot be avoided that the ability to use to speak more than one language is a basic factor of
code mixing. Most of the worlds population is bilingual or multilingual.
2. Speaker and partner speaking
Communication is the process of expressing ideas between two participants of conversation.
Speaker needs partner speaking to communicate and code mixing could appear if both use and
understand it well.
3. Social community
An individual lives and cooperates in one community either in monolingual or bilingual
community. Now most communities are bilingual that use two languages in their interactions. In
this case, an individual will be influenced by social community directly.
4. Situation
Usually code mixing occurs in relax or informal situation. This situation is closer with daily
conversation and for writers is also describe as their habitual communication.
7

5. Vocabulary
There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one language. The
inability to find an appropriate word or expression in one language makes people change the
word or phrase from one to another language and it can be combined together.
6. Prestige
Globalization era has lad people must able to speak more than one language, especially English.
For many young people code mixing becomes awn style which is hoped to be modern and
educational one. They mix language because of prestige.
Bilingual speakers may utilize code mixing as a marker in group identity in various intragroup bilingual communities. It may occur because speakers want to show their solidarity and
familiarity each other. And in principle, code mixing is the mixing from one language into the
structure of other language such as word, phrase, clause, and even sentence from a cooperative
activity where the participants in order to infer what is intended. In this case code mixing
involves components of language such as word, phrase, clause, and even sentence in the same
utterance.
B. Kinds of Code Mixing
According to Siregar, code mixing divided into two kinds, intra-sentential mixing and
extra-sentential mixing.
1. Intra-sentential mixing
Intra-sentential mixing may range from the alternation of single words or phrases to clauses
within a single sentence or utterance. Some examples of code mixing in English- Indonesia
language will be described as follow:

Aku benar-benar busy hari ini. (Busy as code mixing of word in the sentence)

Semalam, maaf aku enggak bisa datang ke pestamu, because I have many duties. (because I
have many duties as code mixing of clause)

Tinggal follows up di dalam nanti. (Follow up as code mixing of phrase in the sentence).
The sentence codes mixing in this study are in the following form:

1.

Declarative.

Frank

says

that

in

declarative,

the

subject

and

predicate

have normal word order. The sentence ends with period in writing and drop
in pitch in speech. For Example: I want to sleep now. Capek gara-gara tadi pagi.

2.

Interrogative

Interrogative

includes

yes/no

question,

WH

question,

and

subject

question (Masud, 1987: 9). For Example: Yan, baju yang kamu pilih ap? Green or blue?
3.

Imperative.
jesperson
is

Imperative

(Essentials

sentence

of

English

usually

contain

Grammar,

the
294)

imperative

of

observes,

The

verb.

imperative

used in request which according to circumstances may range from brusque

commands

to

humble

entreaties,

the

tone

generally

serving

as

key

to

the

exact meaning. For Example: Hurry up!! Aku mau pake motornya
Based on the example above, it can be seen that those are code mixing sentences with
single word, single clause, and single phrase.
2. Extra-sentential mixing
Normally extra-sentential mixing occurs between sentences. Because it occurs at
sentence boundaries, it requires less complex syntactic interaction between two languages
involved in code mixing.
According to Sujana and Sri Hartati, code Mixing divided in two kinds;
a.

Inner Code Mixing is that stemming from original language with all variation.

b.

Outer Code Mixing is that stemming from foreign language.

C. Types of Code Mixing

Code mixing has some form; 1) word insertion (in fixation), 2) phrase insertion, 3) clause
insertion, 4) expression/ idiom insertion, and 5) baster insertion (combining of original and
foreign language).
Muysken explained more that code mixing is typically divided into three main types
insertion (word or phrase), alternation (clause) and congruent lexicalization (dialect)- and the
most common occurrence of code mixing variants in society is insertional code mixing. Muysken
suggested that there are three main patterns of intra-sentential code mixing which may be found
in bilingual speech community insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. In another
hand, the types of code mixing are:8[8]
1.

Insertional Code Mixing

2.

Alternation code mixing

3.

Congruent lexicalization code mixing

The explanations are:

a.

Insertion of material (lexical items or entire constituents) from one language into a structure of
the other language. Insertion is the constraint in the terms of structural properties of some base or
matrix structure. The process of code mixing is conceived as something skin to borrowing ant the
insertion of an alien lexical or phrasal category into a given structure. The difference is simply
the size and type of element inserted noun, adjective, verb, and the like.Here is the ` examples:
Jangan suka nge-claim orang lainlah." (note that "claim" is the English word inserted in the

Indonesian utterance).
b. Alternation between structures from languages. Alternation is the constraint of mixing in terms
of compatibility or equivalence of the languages involved at the mix point, and clause.
Examples:
Why make Andi sentarse atrs pa que everybody has to move pa que se salga? (Why make
Andi sit in the back so that everybody has to move for her to get out?)
Teacher
: Whats your activities at home?
Kasih
: Activities, e saya sekarang kan kost pak. Disana gak comfort gitu. No time
for study, soalnya pulang sekolah gak bisa istirahat. Banyak kerjaan. Mau tiduran aja ga bisa.
Segen sama yang punya rumah.
Teacher
: Everyday?
Kasih
: Iya, everyday. Malemnya when I sleepy ya ga bisa belajar. Planning-nya sih
c.

mau pindah gitu. Mungkin next month, sir.

Congruent lexicalization of material from different lexical inventories into a shared grammatical
structure. It is also the influence of dialect within language use
Example in Netherlands language.
Gee mi een kiss
(Give me a kiss)
Congruent lexicalization, is most often present in mixing between dialects and between
languages, which are close to each other in structure.
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
There are some unsure of code mixing happened in the short story, Kau Cantik Hari Ini.
All of the code mixing can be seen in this table:
No
1.

Sentence
Itu adalah saat pertama kau bertemu

dengan lelaki yang kau

Code Mixing
English
3

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

yakini sebagai the right man

Right man dari Hongkong?!
Tapi aku cegek waktu dia bilang kalo size-ku nggak sebanding
sama yang diliatnya di Facebook,
Lelaki yang katamu right man itu membuatmu cegek dengan
statementnya
Kenapa nggak be yourself aja sih?...
Bukannya nggak be myself nggak...
Dia tadi sempet cerita masalah Papanya yang udah meninggal
gara-gara kurang care sama kesehatannya
Congratulation, hanya itu yang akhirnya bisa kubisikkan di balik
sudut hatiku.
Atau kamu menginginkanku melakukan standing applause untuk
membuktikan kemenangan yang pernah kau perjuangkan?
Tentu saja dengan status berbeda yang kini kau miliki in a
relationship with a guy.
Apakah aku pantas dilabeli big liar hanya karena tak
menceritakan...
...seharusnya kamu sendiri yang memegang kendali atas remote
controlmu?
Jadi pada akhirnya kamu sudah menceritakan track recordmu
dengan mantan-mantanmu kan?
...hingga membuatmu benar-benar memasang mainstream yang

dipasangkan Rado untukmu

15. Kau sodorkan brownies yang katamu adalah buatanmu sendiri
sekaligus hasil terbaikmu.
16. Gerahamku rajin mengunyah brownies buatanmu
17. Enak, tapi sepertinya aneh melihatmu tiba-tiba membuatkan
brownies untukku, batinku.
18. Aku pengen bikinin dia kue special pas ulang tahunnya ntar. So
sweet kan?
19. Buat sebagian cowok, kue itu absurd.
20. Dan yang terakhir kau katakan padanya sebelum beranjak dari
kursi di hadapannya adalah, Youre the most important thing, but
youre not only the most important thing.
21. Aku rela melakukan standing applause buatmu
Amount

2
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
6
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
15
2
54

From that table, we know that there are 54 English words. And for all of words, in that short
story, there are 1583 words, including Indonesian and English words. For the amount of
percentage, there are 3,4% for English words, and 96,5% for Indonesian words.
We can see this formula :
Percentage for English word

: x 100% =...
: x 100% = 3,4%

Therefore,
Percentage for Indonesian word

: x 100% =...
: x 100% = 96,6%

1. Itu adalah saat pertama kau bertemu dengan lelaki yang kau yakini sebagai the right man, from
the piece of that sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word the rigth man.
In Indonesian, it means lelaki yang tepat. It is including code mixing of phrase insertion.
2. Right man dari Hongkong?, from the piece of that sentence is code mixing derived from English
form of the word rigth man. In Indonesian, it means lelaki yang tepat. It is including code
mixing of phrase insertion.
3. Tapi aku cegek waktu dia bilang kalo size-ku nggak sebanding sama yang diliatnya di
Facebook, from that sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word size. In
Indonesian, it means ukuran. It is including code mixing of word insertion.
4. Lelaki yang katamu right man itu membuatmu cegek dengan statementnya, from that sentence is
code mixing derived from English form of the word rigth man and statement. If right man, it
means lelaki yang tepat and it is including code mixing of phrase insertion, and for statement
means pernyataan, it is including code mixing of word insertion.
5. Kenapa nggak be yourself aja sih?... from the piece of that sentence is code mixing derived
from English form of the word be yourself, it means that jadi dirimu sendiri. It is including code
6.

mixing of expression insertion.

Bukannya nggak be myself nggak... from the piece of that sentence is code mixing derived
from English form of the word be myself , it means that jadi diriku sendiri. It is including code

7.

mixing of expression insertion.

Dia tadi sempet cerita masalah Papanya yang udah meninggal gara-gara kurang care sama
kesehatannya, from that sentence is code mixing derived form of the word care, it means that
perhatian. It is including code mixing of word insertion.

8. Congratulation, hanya itu yang akhirnya bisa kubisikkan di balik sudut hatiku. That sentence is
code mixing derived from English form of the word congratulation, it means that selamat. It is
9.

including code mixing of expression insertion.

Atau kamu menginginkanku melakukan standing applause untuk membuktikan kemenangan
yang pernah kau perjuangkan? That sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the
word standing applause, it means that tepuk tangan yang meriah. It is including code mixing of

phrase insertion.
10. Tentu saja dengan status berbeda yang kini kau miliki in a relationship with a guy. That sentence
is code mixing derived from English form of the word in relationship with a guy, it means that
menjalin hubungan dengan seorang pria. It is including code mixing of phrase insertion.
11. Apakah aku pantas dilabeli big liar hanya karena tak menceritakan... That sentence is code
mixing derived from English form of the word big liar, it means that pembohong besar. It is
including code mixing of phrase insertion.
12. ...seharusnya kamu sendiri yang memegang kendali atas remote controlmu? That sentence is
code mixing derived from English form of the word remote control, it means that mengendalikan
diri. It is including code mixing of phrase insertion.
13. Jadi pada akhirnya kamu sudah menceritakan track recordmu dengan mantan-mantanmu kan?
That sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word track record, it means that
rahasia ingatan. It is including code mixing of phrase insertion.
14. ...hingga membuatmu benar-benar memasang mainstream yang dipasangkan Rado untukmu.
That sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word mainstream. It is including
code mixing of word insertion
15. Kau sodorkan brownies yang katamu adalah buatanmu sendiri sekaligus hasil terbaikmu. That
sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word brownies. It is including code
mixing of word insertion.
16. Gerahamku rajin mengunyah brownies buatanmu. That sentence is code mixing derived from
English form of the word brownies. It is including code mixing of word insertion.
17. Enak, tapi sepertinya aneh melihatmu tiba-tiba membuatkan brownies untukku, batinku. That
sentence is code mixing derived from English form of the word brownies. It is including code
mixing of word insertion.
18. Aku pengen bikinin dia kue special pas ulang tahunnya ntar. So sweet kan? That sentence is
code mixing derived from English form of the word special and so sweet. Special means khusus,
it is including code mixing of word insertion. So sweet means that begitu romantis, it is
including code mixing of phrase insertion.

19. Buat sebagian cowok, kue itu absurd. That sentence is code mixing derived from English form
of the word absurd. It means that tak masuk akal. It is including code mixing of word insertion.
20. Dan yang terakhir kau katakan padanya sebelum beranjak dari kursi di hadapannya adalah,
Youre the most important thing, but youre not only the most important thing. That sentence is
code mixing derived from English form of the word Youre the most important thing, but youre
not only the most important thing. It means that kamu itu adalah hal yang paling penting tapi
bukan kamu saja yang paling penting. It is including code mixing of sentence insertion.
21. Aku rela melakukan standing applause buatmu. That sentence is code mixing derived from
English form of the word standing applause, it means that tepuk tangan yang meriah. It is
including code mixing of phrase insertion.
From that analysis, we can know that there are three phrases of code mixing is similar especially
in poin 1, 2 ang 4 for the word right man, poin 15, 16, 17 for the word brownies and two phrases
of code mixing, especially in poin 9 and 21 for the standing applause.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
Indonesia is a bilingual and multilingual country. Mastering some languages makes someone can
not release him/herself from code mixing in speaking and writing, including an author of short
story. Code mixing is a mix of code that occurs when conversant uses both languages
together to the extent they change from one language to other in the course of single
utterance. Code mixing is using more than one language.
In the short story, Kau Cantik Hari Ini, there are 54 words of code mixing. The author uses
English word for code mixing. For all of words, in that short story, there are 1583 words,
including Indonesian and English words. For the amount of percentage, there are 3,4% for
English words, and 96,6% for Indonesian words. Besides that, author uses word, phrase,
expression, and sentence insertion of code mixing. The author also uses some similar phrases and
words in her short story such as right man, brownies, and standing applause. Therefore, we
know that code mixing can happened in many places. Actually not only about speaking,
discussion, and telling something to many people, but also in writing. We can do code mixing
everywhere. It is the effect of many languages which we know.

REFERENCES

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Suwito, 1983Sosiolinguistik, Teori dan Problema, Henary Offset, Surakarta.
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