Kamehameha II

January 10 23, 2017

Name: _________________________

Homeroom: _______________

*UNIT 7 TEST IS ON MONDAY, JANUARY 23!*

This packet is DUE on 1/23!

End of the kapu system

Kamehameha died in 1819. Before his death, he appointed his oldest son, Liholiho, to be his
successor. Liholiho was only 22 years old when he became king in an important ceremony with the
other chiefs. Because of his young age, Kamehameha made his favorite wife, Ka`ahumanu, the kuhina
nui, which meant that she would help Liholiho rule the kingdom. The other chiefs accepted the decision
because it was made by Kamehameha before his death.
The kapu were laws forbidding certain actions. Women under the kapu system had a strict life.
There were many things that women could not do that men could. For example, women could not eat
pork or banana. The penalty would be getting their eyes ripped out.
When foreigners began coming to Hawaii after Captain Cook's voyages, the Hawaiians began to
look at their kapu system in a different way. Women were not supposed to eat pork or banana, but
when Hawaiian women saw foreign women eating them and not being punished, they began to
question their gods and the kapu system. They wondered why they would punish only Hawaiian
women and not other women for breaking the kapu.
Ka`ahumanu was a powerful woman who questioned the need for the kapu system. Women
were not the only ones who wanted to get rid of the kapu system. High chief Kalanimoku and the high
priest Hewahewa also wanted to get rid of it. Slowly many others in society felt it was time to get rid of
the kapu system.
The event that signaled the end of the kapu system was when Liholiho sat down next to his
mother Keopuolani at a feast. This was kapu. Men and women were not supposed to eat together. Soon
after, Keopuloani began eating pork and banana. This too was forbidden. When the others at the feast
saw that neither Liholiho nor Keopuolani were punished, they too began breaking the kapu.
Liholiho then told his messengers to burn all the images of the Hawaiian gods and destroy the
heiau. This officially ended the kapu system.
Without the kapu system to guide them, many Hawaiians became unsure how to behave and
were lost with no direction in their lives.
1. What were the kapu? What was an example of a kapu?

2. Summarize how the kapu system ended.

3. How did Hawaiians act after the kapu system ended? Why?

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End of Kapu system quiz

1. What were the kapu?

a. Hawaiian priests
b. penalties for doing certain things
c. Hawaiian gods
d. laws forbidding certain actions

2. Which of these was NOT an example of kapu from the reading?
a. Women could not eat banana
b. You could not step on an aliis shadow
c. Women could not eat pork
d. Men and women could not eat together

3. Which of these is NOT true about the kapu system?
a. Women under the kapu system had a strict life
b. Hawaiians wondered why foreigners didnt get punished for breaking
kapu
c. Foreigners had to follow the kapu just like the Hawaiians
d. powerful people began to question the need for the kapu system

4. What event signaled the end of the kapu system?
a. Foreigners started breaking the kapu
b. Lihioliho sat next down to his mother Keopuloani at a feast
c. powerful people began to question the need for the kapu system
d. Kamehameha I died

5. What action OFFICIALY ended the kapu system?
a. Powerful people began to question the need for the kapu system
b. Kamehameha I died
c. Foreigners started breaking the kapu
d. Liholiho told his messengers to burn all the images of the Hawaiian gods
and destroy the heiau

6. How did the loss of the kapu system affect the Hawaiians?
a. The Hawaiians immediately came up with a replacement for the kapu
system
b. it didnt
c. they were unsure how to behave and were lost with no direction in their
lives
d. Hawaiians celebrated because they hated the kapu system

Effects of the Overthrow of the Kapu System

What were the effects of the overthrow of the kapu system? According to Marion Kelly,
The royal declaration outlawing the kapu system did not affect all Hawaiians in the same way. For the most part, it
relieved the ali'i, and particularly the women, of certain unfair conditions. Although the rebellion against the
declaration was not well supported, the people did not immediately abandon their religious practices nor their
beliefs. Ancient religious rituals were set aside by the ali'i only, and the new religion that Christian missionaries
brought was not welcomed by Hawaiians with opened arms.
In his introduction to Laura Judd's memoirs, Dale Morgan, in reflecting upon the consequences of the kapu abolition
movement, claims that
The destruction of the kapu system made little difference in the power of the chiefs, and though the revolution
greatly reduced the power of the priests, it did not destroy their power completely. A more far-reaching effect was
that the discontinuance of formal religious services left a certain emptiness in the nation's life, subtly damaging
the social fabric, the sense of order that had shaped much of Hawaiian existence.
Scholars have counted many harmful effects of the overthrow of the kapu system on the Hawaiian population caused by
the loss of order and regulation in society. Psychological hardships became extremely significant for a people deprived of
the support and leadership previously offered by traditional ways of doing things.
Because kapu had directed every aspect of Hawaiian culture, the removal also affected every segment of daily life.
Removing the foundations of traditional Hawaiian social and political culture led to a chaotic psychological trauma for the
majority of Hawaiians who, exposed at the same time to such damaging influences as rum, tobacco, and disease, were
plagued by feelings of doubt, fear, confusion, stress, and depression about the future.
Although the former kahuna of the organized priesthoods were stripped of their powers, they kept their lands, becoming
landed elite like the rest of the ali'i. The withdrawal of the class system tended to weaken kinship ties between the
maka'ainana and the ali'i and removed distinctions between the kauwa and the maka'ainana, opening the way for
integration of the classes. Ultimately the disintegration of old values and the traditional kinship systems led to the loss of
the feeling of unity in families, which had been one of the keystones of ancient Hawaiian society.

Kapu System CER Paragraph

Directions: Write a CER Paragraph explaining whether it was a good idea or a bad idea to abolish (get rid
of) the Kapu System. You MUST choose a side good idea or bad idea you cannot say both!

This will be graded on organization and purpose (CER format) and evidence (accurate content).


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Effects of the end of the kapu system

List six effects of the end of the kapu system from the previous reading and indicate
whether they were positive (+) or negative (-).

1. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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2. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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3. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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4. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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5. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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6. (___) ________________________________________________________________________________

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Whalers
When Kamehameha II took power much was changing in
Hawai`i. European and American traders, whalers, and adventurous
businessmen came to seek their fortunes in Hawai`i. They took
advantage of a new market hungry for exotic foreign goods, as well
as an abundance of valuable Hawaiian resources, like sandalwood,
and cheaply paid Hawaiian labor.
Around 1815, whaling ships began stopping in Hawaii twice a
year between hunting trips. At the time, whale oil and whale bone
were high in demand. Whale oil was used largely for candle wax and lamps. Whalebone was
used often for making corsets. More than 100 ships stopped in Hawaiian ports in 1824. Over
the next two decades, the Pacific whaling fleet nearly quadrupled in size and in the record
year of 1846, 736 whaling ships arrived in Hawai'i.
As whalers started arriving in island seaports, local businesses began to make a lot of
money. Honolulu and Lahaina grew as port cities. For over twenty years, the whaling fleet
was the main part of their economy. Blacksmiths and carpenters stayed busy repairing ships
damaged from long months at sea. The ships also needed to buy new supplies and food.
Other businesses like laundries, bakeries, shops, and boarding houses also sprang up to
service the ships. A large merchant class made up largely of immigrants from the United
States emerged. And like sailors everywhere, the crews swarmed ashore to spend money
and have fun. Prostitution, which became widespread, helped spread disease which took a
huge toll on the native population.
Due to the presence of the whalers, who didn't like Hawaiian food, the production of
cattle and salt increased. Meat was salted and sold to owners of the whaling ships to feed
their crews. Agricultural production also increased. Potatoes, coffee, pumpkins, cabbages,
breadfruit, taro, bananas, arrowroot, melons, pineapples, and firewood became high in
demand to feed crews. Potatoes became the new staple food replacing taro.
Another side effect was the increasing use of young Hawaiians as crewmen on the
whaling ships. Many crewmen deserted their ships so Hawaiians were needed to fill those
positions. In 1847 alone over 2,000 Hawaiian men signed on as sailors. Through their
experiences, the Hawaiian crewmen learned the ways of foreigners.
Unfortunately, the whalers also had a bad influence on the islands. They often behaved
badly, carried dangerous weapons, were drunk, fought, and broke the law.

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Traders
Another group that came to the islands was the fur traders. Soon after the fur trade
began, ships began to stop in the Hawaiians islands to trade their furs, get supplies and men
for their ships, and obtain fresh fruits and vegetables. The islands were also a convenient
place for traders to refit their ships and relax.
The sandalwood trade, which began in 1810, was popular during Kamehameha II's
reign. Chinese loved the pleasant smelling wood. They called Hawaii Sandalwood Mountain.
They used the wood for fancy boxes, fans, etc. Sandalwood traders often traded useless
goods to chiefs in exchange for sandalwood. Sandalwood could be bought in Hawaii for 1
cent a pound and sold in China for 34 cents a pound. Because they spent too much time
gathering sandalwood and not enough time harvesting taro Hawaiians became sickly and
undernourished. Sadly, the sandalwood supply rapidly decreased each year due to
overharvesting.
The fur and sandalwood trade led to the introduction of new goods from Europe, the
United States, and China. The Hawaiian economy became even more of a trade based
economy. Up until 1825, very little money was used. Most of the imported goods were traded
for food or sandalwood. New foods were also added to the Hawaiian's diet. Cabbage,
potatoes, corn, mango, limes, pineapple, duck, turkey, and European breeds of chicken, pigs,
and dogs were introduced. Guns, ironwork, and luxury items were also brought in. More
foreigners also settled in the islands.
Unfortunately, foreigners also brought epidemic disease that devastated the Hawaiian
population. Thousands upon thousands of Hawaiians died from Asiatic cholera, measles, the
bubonic plague, and other illnesses, decreasing the population of Hawaiians dramatically
from an estimated 1,000,000 at the time of Cook's arrival to less than 150,000 by 1832. Not
only were the Hawaiians dying, but the ability of those remaining to reproduce was weakened
by infertility brought on by diseases.

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Kamehameha II and Foreigners Unit Study Guide

Name: _____________________________________


Part 1: End of the Kapu System

1. Why did Kamehameha I want to keep the Kapu System in effect? How did it benefit him?

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2. When Kamehameha died, who did he name as his successor (the next king)?

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3. Who helped Kamehameha II rule the kingdom and why?

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4. The foreigners who came to Hawaii did not follow the Kapu System and did not get punished by
the god for breaking Kapu. What effect did this have on the way the Hawaiian people felt about
the Kapu System?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Kamehameha II (Liholiho) and his mother (Kaahumanu), along with many others in society, felt it
was time to get rid of the Kapu System. What did they do to achieve this?

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6. List two positive effects of ending the kapu system.

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7. List two negative effects of ending the kapu system.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Part 2: Foreigners

A. Missionaries

1. Why was it a good time for missionaries to come to Hawaii?
a. Captain Cook just left the islands
b. Hawaiians were paying foreigners to come to Hawaii
c. the kapu system ended and the Hawaiians were lost with nothing to guide them
d. another foreigner group just got kicked out

2. Why did the missionaries get rid of the Hawaiian culture?
a. to get revenge for what the Hawaiians did to Cook
b. they thought it was uncivilized
c. there was no particular reason why
d. wanted to punish Hawaiians

3. How did the missionaries get rid of the Hawaiian culture?
a. threatened the Hawaiians to change their ways
b. paid the Hawaiians to forget about their culture
c. became close to the alii and the monarchy and got them to change laws to fit Christian beliefs
d. overthrew the king and changed the laws

4. Name three contributions (good or bad) of the missionaries to Hawaii?

a. ______________________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________________

c._______________________________________________________________________________________

B. Whalers

1. What were whales used for?
a. for food
b. to make swords and guns
c. to make candle wax, lamps, and corsets
d. to use as bait to catch fish

2. Why did so many businesses start up in Hawaii?
a. King Kamehameha II gave the people money to start them
b. King Kamehameha II started them
c. many of Captain Cooks sailors wanted to earn money
d. to serve the needs of the crews of the whaling ships

3. Why did agriculture, cattle, and salt production increase?
a. they were easy to produce
b. whalers didnt like Hawaiian food
c. other places stopped selling these items
d. King Kamehameha II ordered production to increase

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4. Why were the Hawaiians needed to join the whaling ships?

a. crewmen were dying from disease
b. Hawaiians worked for less money
c. many crewmen had deserted, so they needed to be replaced
d. Hawaiians were well-known as excellent sailors

5. Did the whalers have a positive or negative influence on the behavior of the Hawaiians? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Traders
1. What Hawaiian resource was the most precious to foreigners?
a. whales
b. food
c. sandalwood
d. fur

2. Which of these was not a good that was introduced to Hawaii from trading with foreigners?
a. taro
b. cabbage
c. mango
d. potatoes

3. What was the most devastating effect of foreigners coming to Hawaii?
a. Hawaiian ran out of fur
b. Hawaiians lost all sandalwood
c. Hawaii became overcrowded
d. the population of Hawaiians dramatically decreased

4. Why were the Hawaiians becoming ill?
a. they werent harvesting taro
b. foreigners brought diseases
c. a & b
d. none of the above

5. With the arrival of foreigners, the Hawaiians adopted what type of economy?
a. trade based
b. subsistence
c. sharing
d. Ahupuaa

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Part 3: Multiple Perspectives

Explain how Kamehameha I and Kamehameha II were different rulers. Consider their views on the kapu
system and on foreigners coming to Hawaii.

Kamehameha I: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Kamehameha II: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


What impact did the different groups of foreigners (Captain Cook, Missionaries, Whalers and Traders)
have on Hawaiian culture? What was Hawaiian culture like before foreigners came? What changes did
they bring to Hawaii (good and/or bad)?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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