S.N. Specific objective Time Content Teaching Learning A.V.

Aids Evaluation
Activities
1. Introduction of 2min INTRODUCTION Lecture cum Chart What is
the diarrhea. Diarrhea, the abnormally frequent passage of liquid stool, is a discussion diarrhea?
common disorder that results in excessive loss of fluid,
electrolytes, and nutrients.
Patients typically don’t seek medical treatment; instead, they
treat themselves with over-the-counter remedies.
Diarrhea can be acute (present for less than 2 weeks) or chronic
(present for more than 2 weeks).

2. List the causes of 2min CAUSES Lecture cum LCD What are the
diarrhea. 1. Acute discussion causes of
a. Pathogens diarrhea?
b. Medications
c. May also be caused by accidental ingestion of
toxins, such as insecticides or mushrooms, or by
host-transplant reactions.
2. Chronic
a. Ongoing infection by such organisms as Giardia,
Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica,
Cryptosporidium, and Campylobacter.
b. HIV infection (although the specific cause is
unknown).
c. Lactose intolerance
d. Adverse reaction to medications
e. Irritable bowel syndrome
f. Inflammatory bowel disease
g. Structural defects of the GI tract
h. Tumors
3. List the signs and 2min SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Lecture cum LCD List the signs and
symptoms. 1. Frequent passage of loose stools. discussion symptoms.
2. Abdominal discomfort.
3. Abdominal cramps.
4. Nausea and vomiting.
5. Malaise
6. Weakness
7. Dehydration

4. Discuss nutrition 2min NUTRITION THERAPY Lecture cum LCD What is a low-
therapy. A low-residue diet discussion residue diet?
A low-residue diet restricts residue and fiber. It is effective
against diarrhea because it shows transit time in the colon and
reduces the frequency and volume of stool.
These foods may be included in a low-residue diet:
1. Meat, fish or poultry (ground or well cooked)
2. Eggs
3. Milk (up to 2 cup/day)
4. Fruit juices without pulp (excluding prune juice), canned
fruits and ripe bananas.
5. Vegetable juices without pulp, lettuce, potatoes without
skins, and most well-cooked vegetables without seeds.
6. Breads (white, refined breads, rolls, biscuits, muffins,
pancakes, crackers, and waffles).
7. Cereals (refined cereals, such as cream of wheat, cream
of rice, and puffed rice).
8. Miscellaneous foods such as fruit ices, sherbet, ice-
cream (without nuts or coconut), gelatin, and
marshmallows.
 # A clear liquid diet for 1 to 2 days; then progress to a low-
residue diet.
# Consume the low-residue diet in small, frequent meals
because they are better tolerated than three large meals.
# Foods high in potassium, such as apricots, bananas, peaches,
tomato juice, fish, potatoes, and meat, to replace losses.

5. Discuss the oral 3min ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY Lecture cum LCD What is oral
rehydration The aim of oral rehydration therapy is: discussion rehydration
therapy. 1. To prevent dehydration therapy?
2. To reduce mortality

Oral rehydration therapy is based on the observation that

glucose given orally enhances the intestinal absorption of salt
and water, and is capable of correcting the electrolyte and fluid
deficit.
The composition of oral rehydration fluids recommended by
WHO is as follows:

Composition of ORS – bicarbonate

S.N. INGREDIENT QUANTITY

1. Sodium chloride 3.5g
2. Sodium bicarbonate 2.5g
3. Potassium chloride 1.5g
4. Glucose (dextrose) 20g
5. Potable water 1 litre
 Composition of ORS – citrate

S.N. INGREDIENT QUANTITY

1. Sodium chloride 3.5g
2. Trisodium citrate 2.9g
dehydrate
3. Potassium chloride 1.5g
4. Glucose 20g
5. Potable water 1 litre

✓ If the WHO mixture of salts is not available, a simple

mixture consisting of table salt (5 g) and sugar (20 g)
dissolved in one litre of drinking water may be safely
used until the proper mixture is obtained.

2min SUMMARY
1. Introduction
2. Causes
3. Signs and symptoms
4. Nutrition therapy
5. Oral rehydration therapy

2min RECAPTUALIZATION
1. What are the causes of diarrhea?
2. How can you prepare ORS solution at home?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Springhouse’s, Nutrition- Incredibly easy, Page no- 230-
234.
2. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,
Edition- 17th, Page No-171.
3. Brunner and Suddarth’s, Medical Surgical Nursing,
Edition-9th, Page no- 1883.
Name of the student teacher: Rashmi vyas

Subject: Medical Surgical Nursing

Topic: Diarrhea

Group: Patient and family members

Size of the group: 08

Date and time: 10 am

Venue: CMI Hospital

Previous knowledge of the group: Group has basic knowledge about the condition.

Method of teaching: Lecture cum discussion

General objective: At the end of the teaching group will be able to understand diarrhea and self-care management.

Specific objectives: At the end of the teaching group should be able to-

1. define diarrhea.
2. list the causes.
3. list the signs and symptoms.
4. discuss the nutritional therapy.
5. discuss oral rehydration therapy.
HEALTH EDUCATION
ON
DIARRHEA