A.

Concept of
Unitive and
Procreative Health

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 PROCREATION
✔ The process by which one produces others of its kind
by reproduction
✔ The act of begetting or engendering offspring.
✔ Is the biological process by which new offspring
individual are produced from their parents.
✔ It is the fundamental feature of all known life.

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 THE PROCESS OF REPRODUCTION
A. SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
B. CONCEPTION
C. PREGNANCY
D. BIRTH

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 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
1. Asexual reproduction

2.Sexual reproduction

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B. Female/ male
Reproductive
System

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The female repoductive system
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
VULVA

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• Vulva or Pudenda
• Mons Pubis or Mons
Veneris
• Labia Majora
• Labia Minora
• Clitoris
• Vestibule
• Bartholin’s Glands
• Skenes’s Glands
• Vaginal Orifice
• Hymen
• Urethral Meatus
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• Vulva or Pudenda refers to
the entire female genitalia.
• Mons Pubis is a fold of fats
above the symphysis pubis
that is an important
obstetrical landmark and
protects the symphysis
pubis from trauma.
❖ It is richly supplied with
sebaceous glands
❖ “Escutcheon” curly hair

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o Labia Majora are thick folds of
adipose tissues originating from
the mons and terminating in the
perineum.
o Its functions is to provide
covering and protection to the
external organs located under
it
o Labia Minora are two thin folds of
connective tissues that joins
anteriorly to form the prepuce
and posteriorly to form the
fourchette
o It is moist highly vascular,
sensitive and richly supplied
with sebaceous glands
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• Skene’s Gland are a pair of gland
also known as “paraurethral and
minor vestibular gland”
• Vaginal Orifice or introitus is the
external opening of the vagina
located just below the urethral
meatus.
o The Grafenburg or the G Spot
is a very sensitive area located
at the inner anterior surface of
the vagina.
o Urethral Meatus the external
opening of the female urethra is
located just below the clitoris

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The female repoductive system
INTERNAL STRUCTURE

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 UTERUS

“THE WOMB”

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• b.Uterus
• Hallow muscular, pear-shaped organ with three
layers: endometrium,myometrium, perimetrium
• located between the bladder and rectum and
consisting of five parts: fundus,
corpus/body,cornua,isthmus, and cervix

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 Functions:

•Menstruation

•Pregnancy

•Labor

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FALLOPIAN TUBE

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 Parts:
▪ Interstitial – embodied within the uterine
wall with a lumen that I 1 mm in diameter
▪ Isthmus - a narrow portion immediately
after the uterus
▪ Ampulla – site of fertilization, widest
portion
▪ Infundibulum – funnel-shaped pasage that
has fringed end called fimbriae – fimbria
ovarica is connected to the ovary
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OVARY

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a. Ovaries
Functions:
⮚ Oogenesis – process of developing a
mature ovum in a Graafian follicle

⮚ Ovulation – monthly expulsion of the

ovum from the graafian follicle

⮚ Endocrine function: secretion of estrogen

and progesterone
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❖ Estrogen
∙ Secreted by the maturing follicles
∙ Secreted by the ovaries, adrebal cortex and
placenta during pregnancy
∙ Develops female secondary sex
characteristic and assists in the maturation
of ovarian follicles

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 Progesterone
⮚ Secreted by corpus leteum and placenta as
early as 6thwk of pregnancy until parturition
⮚ Inhibit secretion of LH
⮚ Helps maintain the endometrium by
facilitating secretory phase of the mentrual
cycle – preparation for implantatio
⮚ Relaxes smooth muscle including the
myometrial muscle of the uterus
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▪ Increases basal body temperature
▪ Has water-retaining, antidiuretic action
▪ Increases fibrinogen level – increases blood
coagulability
▪ Decreases hemoglobin and hematocrit level
▪ Responsible for infertile cervical mucus
▪ ✔ Thick opaque
▪ ✔ Sticky , non-stretchable
▪ ✔ Produces non-fern pattern when dry
▪
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ACCESSORY
STRUCTURE

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P
E
L
V
I
S
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 A. Pelvis
⮚ The bony ring located in lower portion of the trunk
consisting of three parts:
• Ilium
• schium
• pubis
⮚ They held together by four (articulations):
• Symphysis pubis
• two sacroliac
• and sacrococcygeal,
• fibrocartilage between these joint provides movability

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PELVIS TYPES

GYNECOID ANDROID

ANTHROPOID PLATYPELLOID
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B
R
E
A
S
T
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Male Reproductive
System

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 Male Reproductive System

Andrology

Primary reproductive function

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 The external structures
a.Penis
The penile shaft consist of
three columns of erectile
tissue:
1.Corpora cavernosa
2.Corpus spongiosum
3. Skin flap (prepuce
/foreskin)

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b.Scrotum:
A sac or pouch-like structure from root of
penis, suspended from the perineal region that
divides into two compartments one for each
testis.

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c.Testes: interstitial Cells of Leydig are the cells stimulated
by the LH to syntheize testosterone from cholesterol
Testosterone homone production is by the interstitital
cells of leydig.
Cell of the testes
• Leydic Cell ( Interstitial Cell ) - secretes testoterone
• Sertoli Cells - ( Epithial Cell) - support sperm development.
• Smooth Muscle - peristalsis - propel sperm through the
seminiferous tubules.

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 Endocrine function

a.Hypothalamus:
b.APG:

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•Exocrine function: the process of
spermatogenesis begins at the seminiferous
tubules of the testes which produce the male
gamete (sperm) under the influence of the
FSH and testosterone.
•Production of sperms by the seminiferous
tubules start at puberty and continuous
throughout life

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Testosrone are reponsible for the production of sex drive
and potency
• Develops secondary sex characteristics:
✔ larger, more muscular stature
✔ deepened voice
✔ facial and body hair
✔ broad shoulders
✔ and development of an adam's apple.
✔ Together with FsH, stimulates sperm production

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Sperm production:

•From the primitive germ cell, the primary

spermatogonia which are present at birth
(dipliod – 44XY), the male spermatogonisa will
develop into mature spermatozoa a process
called spermatogenesis.

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•A continuos process that starts at puberty and
is completed within 72 hours.
Types of sperm
•Androsperm
Carries Y-sex chromosome
Fast moving
Smaller, weaker, short-lived
Dies in acid

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• Gynosperm
Carries X-sex chromoome
Slower
Bigger, stronger, long-lived
Acid-resistant
• Sperm parts
Head
Body
Tail

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Sex determination: The two chromosomes of the
23rd pair (XX or XY) are called the sex
chromosomes.
Y: smaller and carry only the genes for males

X: larger sex chromosome in the sperm

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• Carries several genes other than those for sexual trait and
are called sex-linked.
• Female have 2 X chromosome(XX)
To produce female child each parent must contribute an X
chromosome
• Male have 1 X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome (XY)
• To produce a male child, the mother contribute an X
chromosome and the father must contribute the Y
chromosome

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b.Epididymis
•Is a soft, cord-liked, coma-shaped body which
rests on the surface of the testes where sperm
mature and are stored
c.Vas deferens
•Narrow tubes which carry sperm away from
the testes to the ejaculatory duct.

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e.Prostate gland
• The prostate gland located below the bladder (the structure
that stores urine) and lies between rectum and symphysis
pubis
• Secretes a thin, lubricating milky fluid which enters the
urethra through the ducts and helps in the pasage and
viablility of spermatozoa.

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f.Urethra
• A thin tube which extends through the penis and carries
semen and urine outside of the body, not simultaneously.
g.Cowper's glands
• Also called the bulbourethral glands are found on each side
of the urethra, just below the prostate gland.
• Secrete small amount of lubricating fluid

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Life span
Can survive in the female reproductive tract up to 72 hours;
believed to be healthy and highly fertile for only about 24
hours

Development take approxomately 70 days and remains in

the epididymis for 12 to 26 days for maturation

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 Functions:
• Site of normal fertilization
• Ducts through which ova travel from ovaries to the
uterus; sperm from uterus to the ovary

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