1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Energyaudit
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Anenergyauditisaninspection,surveyandanalysisofenergyflows,forenergyconservationinabuilding,
processorsystemtoreducetheamountofenergyinputintothesystemwithoutnegativelyaffectingtheoutput(s).
Incommercialandindustrialrealestate,anenergyauditisthefirststepinidentifyingopportunitiestoreduce
energyexpenseandcarbonfootprints.

Contents
1 Principle
2 Homeenergyaudit
2.1 IntheUnitedStates
2.1.1 NewYorkCity
2.2 InLebanon
3 Industrialenergyaudits
4 Typesofenergyaudit
4.1 Benchmarking
4.2 Walkthrough(or)preliminaryaudit
4.3 Generalaudit
4.4 Investmentgradeaudit
5 Simulationbasedenergyauditprocedurefornonresidentialbuildings
6 Specificaudittechniques
6.1 Infraredthermographyaudit
6.2 Pollutionaudits
7 History
8 Buildingenergyratingsystems
9 Seealso
10 References
11 Furtherreading
12 Externallinks

Principle
Whentheobjectofstudyisanoccupiedbuildingthenreducingenergyconsumptionwhilemaintainingor
improvinghumancomfort,healthandsafetyareofprimaryconcern.Beyondsimplyidentifyingthesourcesof
energyuse,anenergyauditseekstoprioritizetheenergyusesaccordingtothegreatesttoleastcosteffective
opportunitiesforenergysavings.itisthealternatenameofenergyconsumption..

Homeenergyaudit
Ahomeenergyauditisaservicewheretheenergyefficiencyofahouseisevaluatedbyapersonusingprofessional
equipment(suchasblowerdoorsandinfraredcameras),withtheaimtosuggestthebestwaystoimproveenergy
efficiencyinheatingandcoolingthehouse.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

1/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Anenergyauditofahomemayinvolverecordingvariouscharacteristicsofthebuildingenvelopeincludingthe
walls,ceilings,floors,doors,windows,andskylights.Foreachofthesecomponentstheareaandresistancetoheat
flow(Rvalue)ismeasuredorestimated.Theleakagerateorinfiltrationofairthroughthebuildingenvelopeisof
concern,bothofwhicharestronglyaffectedbywindowconstructionandqualityofdoorsealssuchas
weatherstripping.Thegoalofthisexerciseistoquantifythebuilding'soverallthermalperformance.Theauditmay
alsoassesstheefficiency,physicalcondition,andprogrammingofmechanicalsystemssuchastheheating,
ventilation,airconditioningequipment,andthermostat.
Ahomeenergyauditmayincludeawrittenreportestimatingenergyusegivenlocalclimatecriteria,thermostat
settings,roofoverhang,andsolarorientation.Thiscouldshowenergyuseforagiventimeperiod,sayayear,and
theimpactofanysuggestedimprovementsperyear.Theaccuracyofenergyestimatesaregreatlyimprovedwhen
thehomeowner'sbillinghistoryisavailableshowingthequantitiesofelectricity,naturalgas,fueloil,orother
energysourcesconsumedoveraoneortwoyearperiod.
Someofthegreatesteffectsonenergyuseareuserbehavior,climate,andageofthehome.Anenergyauditmay
thereforeincludeaninterviewofthehomeownerstounderstandtheirpatternsofuseovertime.Theenergybilling
historyfromthelocalutilitycompanycanbecalibratedusingheatingdegreedayandcoolingdegreedaydata
obtainedfromrecent,localweatherdataincombinationwiththethermalenergymodelofthebuilding.Advances
incomputerbasedthermalmodelingcantakeintoaccountmanyvariablesaffectingenergyuse.
Ahomeenergyauditisoftenusedtoidentifycosteffectivewaystoimprovethecomfortandefficiencyof
buildings.Inaddition,homesmayqualifyforenergyefficiencygrantsfromcentralgovernment.
Recently,theimprovementofsmartphonetechnologyhasenabledhomeownerstoperformrelativelysophisticated
energyauditsoftheirownhomes.Thistechniquehasbeenidentifiedasamethodtoaccelerateenergyefficiency
improvements.[1]

IntheUnitedStates
IntheUnitedStates,thiskindofservicecanoftenbefacilitatedby:
Publicutilitycompanies,ortheirenergyconservationdepartment.
Independent,privatesectorcompaniessuchasenergyservicescompany,insulationcontractor,orairsealing
specialist.
(US)Stateenergyoffice.
Utilitycompaniesmayprovidethisservice,aswellasloansandotherincentivestoinsulate.Theyalsooften
provideincentivestoswitch,forexample,ifyouareanoilcustomerconsideringswitchingtonaturalgas.
Wheretolookforinsulationrecommendations:
Localbuildinginspectorsoffice.
Localorstatebuildingcodes.
USDepartmentofEnergy.
YourlocalBuildersAssociation
ResidentialenergyauditorsareaccreditedbytheBuildingPerformanceInstitute(BPI)[2]ortheResidentialEnergy
ServicesNetwork(RESNET).[3][4]
Therearealsosomesimplifiedtoolsavailable,withwhichahomeownercanquicklyassessenergyimprovement
potential.Oftenthesearesuppliedforfreebystateagenciesorlocalutilities,whoproduceareportwithestimates
ofusagebydevice/area(sincetheyhaveusageinformationalready).ExamplesincludetheEnergyTrustofOregon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

2/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

program[5]andtheSeattleHomeResourceProfile.[6]Suchprogramsmayalsoincludefreecompactfluorescent
lights.
Asimpledoityourselfhomeenergyauditcanbeperformedwithoutusinganyspecializedtools.Withanattentive
andplannedassessment,ahomeownercanspotmanyproblemsthatcauseenergylossesandmakedecisionsabout
possibleenergyefficiencyupgrades.Duringahomeenergyaudititisimportanttohaveachecklist[7]ofareasthat
wereinspectedaswellasproblemsidentified.Oncetheauditiscompleted,aplanforsuggestedactionsneedstobe
developed.
NewYorkCity
InNewYorkCity,locallawssuchasLocalLaw87requirebuildingslargerthan50,000squarefeet(4,600m2)to
haveanenergyauditonceeverytenyears,asassignedbyitsparcelnumber.[8]Energyauditorsmustbecertifiedto
performthiswork,althoughthereisnooversighttoenforcetherule.BecauseLocalLaw87requiresalicensed
ProfessionalEngineertooverseethework,choosingawellestablishedengineeringfirmisthesafestroute.
TheselawsaretheresultsofNewYorkCity'sPlaNYCtoreduceenergyusedbybuildings,whichisthegreatest
sourceofpollutioninNewYorkCity.[9]Someengineeringfirmsprovidefreeenergyauditsforfacilitiescommitted
toimplementingtheenergysavingmeasuresfound.[10]

InLebanon
Since2002,TheLebaneseCenterforEnergyConservation(LCEC)initiatedanationwideprogramonenergy
auditsformediumandlargeconsumingfacilities.Bytheendof2008,LCEChasfinancedandsupervisedmore
than100audits.
LCEClaunchedanenergyauditprogramtoassistLebaneseenergyconsumingtertiaryandpublicbuildingsand
industrialplantsinthemanagementoftheirenergythroughthisprogram.
ThelongtermobjectiveofLCECistocreateamarketforESCOs,wherebyanybeneficiarycancontactdirectlya
specializedESCOtoconductanenergyaudit,implementenergyconservationmeasuresandmonitorenergysaving
programaccordingtoastandardizedenergyperformancecontract.
Currently,LCECishelpinginthefundingoftheenergyauditstudyandthusislinkingboththebeneficiaryandthe
energyauditfirm.LCECalsotargetsthecreationofaspecialfundusedfortheimplementationoftheenergy
conservationmeasuresresultingfromthestudy.
LCECsetaminimumstandardfortheESCOsqualificationsinLebanonandpublishedalistofqualified
ESCOs[11]onitswebsite.

Industrialenergyaudits
Increasinglyinthelastseveraldecades,industrialenergyauditshaveexplodedasthedemandtolowerincreasingly
expensiveenergycostsandmovetowardsasustainablefuturehavemadeenergyauditsgreatlyimportant.Their
importanceismagnifiedsinceenergyspendingisamajorexpensetoindustrialcompanies(energyspending
accountsfor~10%oftheaveragemanufacturer'sexpenses).Thisgrowingtrendshouldonlycontinueasenergy
costscontinuetorise.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

3/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Whiletheoverallconceptissimilartoahomeorresidentialenergyaudit,industrialenergyauditsrequirea
differentskillset.Weatherproofingandinsulatingahousearethemainfocusofresidentialenergyaudits.For
industrialapplications,itistheHVAC,lighting,andproductionequipmentthatusethemostenergy,andhenceare
theprimaryfocusofenergyaudits.

Typesofenergyaudit
Thetermenergyauditiscommonlyusedtodescribeabroadspectrumofenergystudiesrangingfromaquick
walkthroughofafacilitytoidentifymajorproblemareastoacomprehensiveanalysisoftheimplicationsof
alternativeenergyefficiencymeasuressufficienttosatisfythefinancialcriteriaofsophisticatedinvestors.
Numerousauditprocedureshavebeendevelopedfornonresidential(tertiary)buildings(ASHRAE[12]IEAEBC
Annex11[13]Krarti,2000).AuditisrequiredtoidentifythemostefficientandcosteffectiveEnergyConservation
Opportunities(ECOs)orMeasures(ECMs).Energyconservationopportunities(ormeasures)canconsistinmore
efficientuseorofpartialorglobalreplacementoftheexistinginstallation.
WhenlookingtotheexistingauditmethodologiesdevelopedinIEAEBCAnnex11,byASHRAEandbyKrarti
(2000),itappearsthatthemainissuesofanauditprocessare:
Theanalysisofbuildingandutilitydata,includingstudyoftheinstalledequipmentandanalysisofenergy
bills
Thesurveyoftherealoperatingconditions
Theunderstandingofthebuildingbehaviourandoftheinteractionswithweather,occupancyandoperating
schedules
Theselectionandtheevaluationofenergyconservationmeasures
Theestimationofenergysavingpotential
Theidentificationofcustomerconcernsandneeds.
Commontypes/levelsofenergyauditsaredistinguishedbelow,althoughtheactualtasksperformedandlevelof
effortmayvarywiththeconsultantprovidingservicesunderthesebroadheadings.Theonlywaytoensurethata
proposedauditwillmeetyourspecificneedsistospelloutthoserequirementsinadetailedscopeofwork.Taking
thetimetoprepareaformalsolicitationwillalsoassurethebuildingownerofreceivingcompetitiveand
comparableproposals.
Generally,fourlevelsofanalysiscanbeoutlined(ASHRAE):
Level0Benchmarking:ThisfirstanalysisconsistsinapreliminaryWholeBuildingEnergyUse(WBEU)
analysisbasedontheanalysisofthehistoricutilityuseandcostsandthecomparisonoftheperformancesof
thebuildingstothoseofsimilarbuildings.Thisbenchmarkingofthestudiedinstallationallowsdetermining
iffurtheranalysisisrequired
LevelIWalkthroughaudit:Preliminaryanalysismadetoassessbuildingenergyefficiencytoidentifynot
onlysimpleandlowcostimprovementsbutalsoalistofenergyconservationmeasures(ECMs,orenergy
conservationopportunities,ECOs)toorientthefuturedetailedaudit.Thisinspectionisbasedonvisual
verifications,studyofinstalledequipmentandoperatingdataanddetailedanalysisofrecordedenergy
consumptioncollectedduringthebenchmarkingphase
LevelIIDetailed/Generalenergyaudit:Basedontheresultsofthepreaudit,thistypeofenergyaudit
consistsinenergyusesurveyinordertoprovideacomprehensiveanalysisofthestudiedinstallation,amore
detailedanalysisofthefacility,abreakdownoftheenergyuseandafirstquantitativeevaluationofthe
ECOs/ECMsselectedtocorrectthedefectsorimprovetheexistinginstallation.Thislevelofanalysiscan
involveadvancedonsitemeasurementsandsophisticatedcomputerbasedsimulationtoolstoevaluate
preciselytheselectedenergyretrofits
LevelIIIInvestmentGradeaudit:DetailedAnalysisofCapitalIntensiveModificationsfocusingon
potentialcostlyECOsrequiringrigorousengineeringstudy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

4/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Benchmarking
Theimpossibilityofdescribingallpossiblesituationsthatmightbeencounteredduringanauditmeansthatitis
necessarytofindawayofdescribingwhatconstitutesgood,averageandbadenergyperformanceacrossarangeof
situations.Theaimofbenchmarkingistoanswerthisquestion.Benchmarkingmainlyconsistsincomparingthe
measuredconsumptionwithreferenceconsumptionofothersimilarbuildingsorgeneratedbysimulationtoolsto
identifyexcessiveorunacceptablerunningcosts.Asmentionedbefore,benchmarkingisalsonecessarytoidentify
buildingspresentinginterestingenergysavingpotential.Animportantissueinbenchmarkingistheuseof
performanceindexestocharacterizethebuilding.
Theseindexescanbe:
Comfortindexes,comparingtheactualcomfortconditionstothecomfortrequirements
Energyindexes,consistinginenergydemandsdividedbyheated/conditionedarea,allowingcomparison
withreferencevaluesoftheindexescomingfromregulationorsimilarbuildings
Energydemands,directlycomparedtoreferenceenergydemandsgeneratedbymeansofsimulationtools.

Walkthrough(or)preliminaryaudit
Thepreliminaryaudit(alternativelycalledasimpleaudit,screeningauditorwalkthroughaudit)isthesimplest
andquickesttypeofaudit.Itinvolvesminimalinterviewswithsiteoperatingpersonnel,abriefreviewoffacility
utilitybillsandotheroperatingdata,andawalkthroughofthefacilitytobecomefamiliarwiththebuilding
operationandtoidentifyanyglaringareasofenergywasteorinefficiency.
Typically,onlymajorproblemareaswillbecoveredduringthistypeofaudit.Correctivemeasuresarebriefly
described,andquickestimatesofimplementationcost,potentialoperatingcostsavings,andsimplepayback
periodsareprovided.Alistofenergyconservationmeasures(ECMs,orenergyconservationopportunities,ECOs)
requiringfurtherconsiderationisalsoprovided.Thislevelofdetail,whilenotsufficientforreachingafinal
decisiononimplementingproposedmeasure,isadequatetoprioritizeenergyefficiencyprojectsandtodetermine
theneedforamoredetailedaudit.

Generalaudit
Thegeneralaudit(alternativelycalledaminiaudit,siteenergyauditordetailedenergyauditorcompletesite
energyaudit)expandsonthepreliminaryauditdescribedabovebycollectingmoredetailedinformationabout
facilityoperationandbyperformingamoredetailedevaluationofenergyconservationmeasures.Utilitybillsare
collectedfora12to36monthperiodtoallowtheauditortoevaluatethefacility'senergydemandratestructures
andenergyusageprofiles.Ifintervalmeterdataisavailable,thedetailedenergyprofilesthatsuchdatamakes
possiblewilltypicallybeanalyzedforsignsofenergywaste.[14]Additionalmeteringofspecificenergyconsuming
systemsisoftenperformedtosupplementutilitydata.Indepthinterviewswithfacilityoperatingpersonnelare
conductedtoprovideabetterunderstandingofmajorenergyconsumingsystemsandtogaininsightintoshortand
longertermenergyconsumptionpatterns.Thistypeofauditwillbeabletoidentifyallenergyconservation
measuresappropriateforthefacility,givenitsoperatingparameters.Adetailedfinancialanalysisisperformedfor
eachmeasurebasedondetailedimplementationcostestimates,sitespecificoperatingcostsavings,andthe
customer'sinvestmentcriteria.Sufficientdetailisprovidedtojustifyprojectimplementation.Theevolutionof
cloudbasedenergyauditingsoftwareplatformsisenablingthemanagersofcommercialbuildingstocollaborate
withgeneralandspecialtytradescontractorsinperforminggeneralandenergysystemspecificaudits.[15]The
benefitofsoftwareenabledcollaborationistheabilitytoidentifythefullrangeofenergyefficiencyoptionsthat
maybeapplicabletothespecificbuildingunderstudywith"livetime"costandbenefitestimatessuppliedbylocal
contractors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

5/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Investmentgradeaudit
Inmostcorporatesettings,upgradestoafacility'senergyinfrastructuremustcompeteforcapitalfundingwithnon
energyrelatedinvestments.Bothenergyandnonenergyinvestmentsareratedonasinglesetoffinancialcriteria
thatgenerallystresstheexpectedreturnoninvestment(ROI).Theprojectedoperatingsavingsfromthe
implementationofenergyprojectsmustbedevelopedsuchthattheyprovideahighlevelofconfidence.Infact,
investorsoftendemandguaranteedsavings.Theinvestmentgradeauditexpandsonthedetailedauditdescribed
aboveandreliesonacompleteengineeringstudyinordertodetailtechnicalandeconomicalissuesnecessaryto
justifytheinvestmentrelatedtothetransformations.

Simulationbasedenergyauditprocedurefornonresidentialbuildings
Acompleteauditprocedure,verysimilartotheonesproposedbyASHRAEandKrarti(2000),hasbeenproposed
intheframeoftheAUDITAC[16]andHARMONAC[17]projectstohelpintheimplementationoftheEPB
(EnergyPerformanceofBuildings)directiveinEuropeandtofittothecurrentEuropeanmarket.
ThefollowingprocedureproposestomakeanintensiveuseofmodernBEStoolsateachstepoftheauditprocess,
frombenchmarkingtodetailedauditandfinancialstudy:
Benchmarkingstage:Whilenormalizationisrequiredtoallowcomparisonbetweendatarecordedonthe
studiedinstallationandreferencevaluesdeducedfromcasestudiesorstatistics.Theuseofsimulation
models,toperformacodecompliantsimulationoftheinstallationunderstudy,allowstoassessdirectlythe
studiedinstallation,withoutanynormalizationneeded.Indeed,applyingasimulationbasedbenchmarking
toolallowsanindividualnormalizationandallowsavoidingsizeandclimatenormalization.[18]
Preliminaryauditstage:Globalmonthlyconsumptionsaregenerallyinsufficienttoallowanaccurate
understandingofthebuildingsbehaviour.Eveniftheanalysisoftheenergybillsdoesnotallowidentifying
withaccuracythedifferentenergyconsumerspresentinthefacility,theconsumptionrecordscanbeusedto
calibratebuildingandsystemsimulationmodels.Toassesstheexistingsystemandtosimulatecorrectlythe
buildingsthermalbehaviour,thesimulationmodelhastobecalibratedonthestudiedinstallation.The
iterationsneededtoperformthecalibrationofthemodelcanalsobefullyintegratedintheauditprocessand
helpinidentifyingrequiredmeasurementsandcriticalissues.[19]
Detailedauditstage:Atthisstage,onsitemeasurements,submeteringandmonitoringdataareusedto
refinethecalibrationoftheBEStool.Extensiveattentionisgiventounderstandingnotonlytheoperating
characteristicsofallenergyconsumingsystems,butalsosituationsthatcauseloadprofilevariationsonshort
andlongertermbases(e.g.daily,weekly,monthly,annual).Whenthecalibrationcriteriaissatisfied,the
savingsrelatedtotheselectedECOs/ECMscanbequantified.[20]
Investmentgradeauditstage:Atthisstage,theresultsprovidedbythecalibratedBEStoolcanbeusedto
assesstheselectedECOs/ECMsandorientthedetailedengineeringstudy.

Specificaudittechniques
Infraredthermographyaudit
Theadventofhighresolutionthermographyhasenabledinspectorstoidentifypotentialissueswithinthebuilding
envelopebytakingathermalimageofthevarioussurfacesofabuilding.Forpurposesofanenergyaudit,the
thermographerwillanalyzethepatternswithinthesurfacetemperaturestoidentifyheattransferthrough
convection,radiation,orconduction.Itisimportanttonotethatthethermographyonlyidentifiessurface
temperatures,andanalysismustbeappliedtodeterminethereasonsforthepatternswithinthesurface
temperatures.Thermalanalysisofahomegenerallycostsbetween300and600dollars.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

6/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

Forthosewhocannotaffordathermalinspection,itispossibletogetageneralfeelfortheheatlosswithanon
contactinfraredthermometerandseveralsheetsofreflectiveinsulation.Themethodinvolvesmeasuringthe
temperaturesontheinsidesurfacesofseveralexteriorwallstoestablishbaselinetemperatures.Afterthis,
reflectivebarrierinsulationistapedsecurelytothewallsin8foot(2.4m)by1.5foot(0.46m)stripsandthe
temperaturesaremeasuredinthecenteroftheinsulatedareasat1hourintervalsfor12hours(thereflectivebarrier
ispulledawayfromthewalltomeasurethetemperatureinthecenteroftheareawhichithascovered).Thebest
mannerinwhichtodothisiswhenthetemperaturedifferential(DeltaT)betweentheinsideandoutsideofthe
structureisatleast40degrees.Awellinsulatedwallwillcommonlychangeapproximately1degreeperhourifthe
differencebetweenexternalandinternaltemperaturesisanaverageof40degrees.Apoorlyinsulatedwallcan
dropasmuchas10degreesinanhour.

Pollutionaudits
Withincreasesincarbondioxideemissionsorothergreenhousegases,pollutionauditsarenowaprominentfactor
inmostenergyaudits.Implementingenergyefficienttechnologieshelppreventutilitygeneratedpollution.
Onlinepollutionandemissioncalculatorscanhelpapproximatetheemissionsofotherprominentairpollutantsin
additiontocarbondioxide.
Pollutionauditsgenerallytakeelectricityandheatingfuelconsumptionnumbersoveratwoyearperiodand
provideapproximationsforcarbondioxide,VOCs,nitrousoxides,carbonmonoxide,sulfurdioxide,mercury,
cadmium,lead,mercurycompounds,cadmiumcompoundsandleadcompounds.

History
Energyauditsinitiallybecamepopularinresponsetotheenergycrisisof1973andlateryears.Interestinenergy
auditshasrecentlyincreasedasaresultofgrowingunderstandingofhumanimpactuponglobalwarmingand
climatechange.Energyauditsarealsopopularduetofinancialincentivesforhomeowners.[21]

Buildingenergyratingsystems
AustraliaHouseEnergyRating
CanadaEnerGuide
UKNationalHomeEnergyRating,StandardAssessmentProcedure[22]
USHomeenergyrating

Seealso
Efficientenergyuse
EnergyEfficiencyImplementation
Energyrecovery
Heatrecoveryventilation
Homeperformance
Pinchanalysis
Utilitybillaudit

References
1.PatrickLeslie,JoshuaPearce,RobHarrap,SylvieDaniel,Theapplicationofsmartphonetechnologytoeconomicand
environmentalanalysisofbuildingenergyconservationstrategies(http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478646X.2011.578746),
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

7/8

1/11/2017

EnergyauditWikipedia

InternationalJournalofSustainableEnergy31(5),pp.295311(2012).openaccess(http://www.academia.edu/2101401/T
he_application_of_smartphone_technology_to_economic_and_environmental_analysis_of_building_energy_conservation_
strategies)
2."BPICertificationsCertificationsforSkilled,AdvancedHomeEnergy,EntryLevelPractitioner,andMultiFamily
Buildingprofessionals".Retrieved30June2015.
3."HomeEnergyRatingSystemProgram(HERS)".Energy.ca.gov.Retrieved20120329.
4."HomeEnergyRatingSystem".Southface.org.Retrieved20120329.
5."EnergyTrustofOregon".Energytrust.org.Retrieved20120726.
6."SeattleCityLight/SeattlePublicUtilitiesHomeResourcesProfile".Seattle.gov.Retrieved20120726.
7."BoostYourHome'sEnergyEfficiency:DIYEnergyAuditChecklist".Retrieved30June2015.
8."GBEEGreener,GreaterBuildingsPlanLL87:EnergyAudits&Retrocommissioning".Retrieved30June2015.
9.http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/ll87of2009_audits_and_retrocommissioning.pdf
10."PowerConceptsEnergyDivisionHomePage".Retrieved30June2015.
11."LCEC".Lcecp.org.lb.Retrieved20120726.
12."ASHRAEAuditProcedures".Techstreet.com.Retrieved20120329.
13."IEAEBCAnnex11".ieaebc.org.Retrieved20120329.
14."HowtoUseEnergyProfilestoFindEnergyWaste".Energylens.com.20050530.Retrieved20120329.
15."EnergyActio".EnergyActio.com.20130530.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20130607.Retrieved20130601.
16."Auditac".Cardiff.ac.uk.Retrieved20120329.
17."harmonac.info".harmonac.info.Retrieved20120801.
18."SimulationofabuildinganditsHVACsystemwithanequationsolver.Applicationtobenchmarking".
19."DevelopmentofanEvidencebasedCalibrationMethodologyDedicatedtoEnergyAuditofOfficeBuildings.
MethodologyandModeling".
20."SimulationofabuildinganditsHVACsystem:Applicationtoaudit".
21."ForHomeowners:ENERGYSTAR".Retrieved30June2015.
22.https://www.gov.uk/guidance/standardassessmentprocedure

Furtherreading
Wulfinghoff,Donald.(2000).EnergyEfficiencyManual.EnergyInstitutePress.ISBN0965792676
Clark,William.(1998)Retrofittingforenergyconservation.McGrawHill.ISBN0070119201
Thumann,Albert.(2012).HandbookofEnergyAudits.9thEdition.TheFairmontPress.ISBN088173685
6
Krarti,M.(2000).Energyauditofbuildingsystems:anengineeringapproach.CRCPress.ISBN08493
95879

Externallinks
EnergyStar:HomeEnergyAudits(http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_improvement.hm_improv
ement_audits)
USDepartmentofEnergy:EnergyEfficiency(http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/energy_au
dits/index.cfm/mytopic=11170)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_audit&oldid=757797910"
Categories: Energyconservation Energyefficiency Typesofauditing
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon1January2017,at20:32.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.
Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisaregisteredtrademark
oftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit

8/8