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Drilling Assembly Handbook 2001
Drilling Assembly Handbook 2001
HANDBOOK
1977, 1982, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1997,
1998, 2000 and 2001 Smith International, Inc.
All rights reserved.
ii
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bottom-Hole Assemblies ..............................
PREFACE
1
31
iv
SECTION ONE
BOTTOM-HOLE
ASSEMBLIES
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
BOTTOM-HOLE ASSEMBLIES
Introductory Comments on Bottom-Hole Assemblies
The title of this publication is Drilling Assembly
Handbook and most of the pages are devoted to
the entire drilling assembly, from the swivel to the
bit. We have included useful information about
the rotary shouldered connections (pins and
boxes) that are used on every drill stem member.
In this section, however, we are primarily
interested in the bottom-hole assembly the
tools between the bit and the drill pipe. Over the
years, the bottom-hole assembly has grown from
one or two simple drill collars to quite a complex
array of tools, stacking up above the bit about
500 to 1,000 ft (150 to 300 m).
Our job in this rig floor pocketbook is to simplify the complexities of all these tools. Well
explain the purposes of each one and how to select
and assemble them for maximum effectiveness
and minimum trouble.
Today the bottom-hole assembly serves several
useful purposes, in addition to the simple need to
effectively load the bit with drill collar weight.
Correctly designed, they can:
Prevent doglegs and key seats.
Produce a smooth bore and full size hole.
Improve bit performance.
Minimize drilling problems.
Minimize harmful vibrations.
Minimize differential pressure sticking.
Reduce production problems.
In the following pages we explain how these
desirable objectives can be attained.
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Figure No. 1
Another factor to consider is the bending characteristic of the drill stem. With no weight on the
bit, the only force acting on the bit is the result of
the weight of the portion of the string between the
bit and the tangency point. This force tends to
bring the hole toward vertical. When weight is
applied, there is another force on the bit which
tends to direct the hole away from vertical. The
resultant of these two forces may be in such a
direction as to increase angle, to decrease angle
or to maintain constant angle. This was stated by
Arthur Lubinski (research engineer for Amoco) at
the spring meeting of the Mid-Continent District,
Division of Production, in Tulsa, March 1953, and
was based upon the assumption that the drill stem
lies on the low side of an inclined hole (see Figure
No. 2).
In general, it is easier to drill a hole in soft formations than in hard formations. In particular, the effect
of the drill stem bending may be much less when
drilling soft formations, while the hard formations
require high bit weights.
Figure No. 2
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Arthur Lubinski and Henry Woods (research engineer for Hughes Tool Co.) were among the first to
apply mathematics to drilling. They stated in the early
1950s that the size of the bottom drill collars would be
the limiting factor for lateral movement of the bit,
and the Minimum Effective Hole Diameter (MEHD)
could be calculated by the following equation:
Bit size + drill collar OD
MEHD =
2
Robert S. Hoch (engineer for Phillips Petroleum
Company) theorized that, while drilling with an
unstable bit, an abrupt change can occur if hard
ledges are encountered (see Figure No. 3). He
pointed out that a dogleg of this nature would
cause an undersized hole, making it difficult or
maybe impossible to run casing. Hoch rewrote
Lubinskis equation to solve for the Minimum
Permissible Bottom-Hole Drill Collar Outside
Diameter (MPBHDCOD), as follows:
MPBHDCOD = 2 (casing coupling OD) - bit OD
For example:
Data: 121/4 in. bit
95/8 in. casing (coupling OD = 10.625 in.)
Minimum drill collar size = 2 (10.625 in.) - 12.250 in.
= 9 in. OD
Data: 311.2 mm bit
244.5 mm casing (coupling OD = 269.9 mm)
Minimum drill collar size = 2 (269.9 mm) - 311.2 mm
= 228.6 mm OD
Drill Collar Size Limits
Lateral Bit Movement
Minimum permissible drill collar OD = 2
(casing coupling OD) Bit OD
Robert S. Hoch
Drift diameter =
Bit OD + collar OD
2
Figure No. 3
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Figure No. 4
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
6
Dogleg
Key seat
Tension
Tension
Top view
of key seat
section
Lateral
force
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
age will build up rapidly and failure of the pipe is
likely. It can be seen from this plot that if a dogleg
is high in the hole, with high tension in the pipe,
only a small change in angle can be tolerated.
Conversely, if the dogleg is close to total depth,
tension in the pipe will be low and a larger
change in angle can be tolerated.
Endurance Limit for 41/2 in., 16.60 lb/ft Grade E Drill Pipe
in 10 lb/gal Mud (Gradual Dogleg)
Tension
Tension
Figure No. 5
Figure No. 6
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Casing Wear While Drilling
The lateral force of the drill pipe rotating against
the casing in the dogleg or dragging through it
while tripping can cause a hole to wear through
the casing. This could cause drilling problems
and/or possible serious blowouts.
Production Problems
It is better to have a smooth string of casing to produce through. Rod wear and tubing leaks associated with doglegs can cause expensive repair jobs.
It may be difficult to run packers and tools in and
out of the well without getting stuck because of
distorted or collapsed casing.
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
(Pendulum force)
Restoring force of drill
collar weight
Reaction of
formation
Figure No. 7
10
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
11
Figure No. 9
Figure No. 8
Stiffness
Stiffness is probably the most misunderstood of all
the points to be considered about drill collars. Few
people realize the importance of diameter and its
relationship to stiffness. If you double the diameter
of a bar, its stiffness is increased 16 times.
For example, if an 8 in. (203.2 mm) diameter
bar is deflected 1 in. (25.4 mm) under a certain
load, a 4 in. (101.6 mm) diameter bar will deflect
16 in. (406.4 mm) under the same load.
Here are some numbers for moments of Inertia (I),
proportional to stiffness. They represent the stiffness
of popular drill collars of various diameters.
OD
ID
(in.) (in.)
51/4
21/4
1
6 /4
21/4
1
6 /2
21/4
I
29
74
86
OD
ID
(in.) (in.)
63/4
21/4
1
7 /4 213/16
81/4 213/16
I
100
115
198
OD
ID
(in.) (in.)
9
213/16
10 313/16
11 313/16
I
318
486
713
12
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
In some areas, wear on contact tools and clearance
can be a critical factor for a packed hole assembly.
Wall Support and the Length of Contact Tool
Bottom-hole assemblies must adequately contact the
wall of the hole to stabilize the bit and centralize
the drill collars. The length of contact needed between
the tool and the wall of the hole will be determined
by the formation. The surface area in contact must
be sufficient to prevent the stabilizing tool from digging into the wall of the hole. If this should happen,
stabilization would be lost and the hole would drift.
If the formation is strong, hard and uniform, a
short narrow contact surface is adequate and will
ensure proper stabilization. On the other hand, if
the formation is soft and unconsolidated, a long
blade stabilizer may be required. Hole enlargements
in formations that erode quickly tend to reduce
effective alignment of the bottom-hole assembly.
This problem can be reduced by controlling the
annular velocity and mud properties.
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
13
String stabilizer
30 foot large diameter
drill collar
Vibration dampener
(when used)
Zone 2
String stabilizer
Large diameter
short drill collar
Zone 1
Figure No. 10
String stabilizer
30 foot large diameter
drill collar
Vibration dampener
(when used)
Zone 2
Dual stabilizers
Zone 1
String stabilizer
Large diameter
short drill collar
String stabilizer
Bottom hole stabilizer
Bit
Figure No. 11
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
14
String stabilizer
30 foot large diameter
drill collar
Vibration dampener
(when used)
String stabilizer
Large diameter
short drill collar
String stabilizer
Zone 1
String stabilizer
Bottom hole stabilizer
Bit
*Note: Use short drill collar in 83/4 in. and smaller holes.
Zone 2
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
15
STABILIZING TOOLS
There are three basic types of stabilizing tools:
(1) rotating blade, (2) non-rotating sleeve and
(3) rolling cutter reamer. Some variations of
these tools are as follows:
1. Rotating Blade
A rotating blade stabilizer can be a straight blade
or spiral blade configuration, and in both cases the
blades can be short or long (see Figure No. 14).
The rotating blade stabilizers shown in Figure
No. 14 are available in two types: (a) shop repairable
and (b) rig repairable.
Tandem stabilizers
Stg. RWP
Stg. I.B.
Stg. rig
replaceable
sleeve
Figure No. 12
Medium
Severe
Zone 3
Zone 2
* Short drill collar
Zone 1
* The short drill collar length is determined by the hole size. Hole size
(in.) = short drill collar (ft) 2 ft. Example: Use approximately an 8 ft
collar in an 8 in. diameter hole.
Figure No. 13
Stg.
welded
blade
Figure No. 14
a. Shop Repairable
The shop repairable tools are either integral
blade, welded blade or shrunk on sleeve construction. Welded blade stabilizers are popular in soft
formations but are not recommended in hard formations because of rapid fatigue damage in the
weld area.
b. Rig Repairable
Rig repairable stabilizers either have a replaceable metal sleeve like the Ezy-ChangeE stabilizer
or replaceable metal wear pads like the RWP T
(Replaceable Wear Pad) stabilizer. These tools
were originally developed for remote locations
but are now used in most areas of the world.
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
16
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
17
Figure No. 16
3 point BH reamer
6 point
BH RWP
BH reamer
3 point
BH rig
BH I.B. replaceable
BH reamer
sleeve
Figure No. 15
Zone 2
Or
Or
Or
Zone 1
Mild Med. Sev.
Non-rotating stabilizer
Zone 1-A
Zone 1-A
(abrasive)
(non-abrasive)
Note: Use a reamer if the bit gage is a
problem. Use a 6 point in extremely
hard and abrasive formations.
Figure No. 17
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
18
Stg. RWP
Stg. rig
Stg. I.B. replaceable
sleeve
Zone 2
Or
Or
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
Zone 1
Mild Med. Sev.
Zone 2
Note: In very mild crooked hole
country, a non-rotating stabilizer
may be used
in Zone 2.
Stg. RWP
Stg. rig
replaceable
Stg. I.B. sleeve
Zone 3
Or
Zone 2
Figure No. 18
19
Or
Zone 1
Zone 2
Stg. rig
replaceable
Stg. I.B. sleeve
Or
Or
Zone 1-B
Med. Sev.
Figure No. 20
Zone 1
Zone 3
Mild Med. Sev.
Figure No. 19
Zone 3
BH RWP
Stg. RWP
Stg. rig
BH I.B.
replaceable
BH rig
Stg. I.B. sleeve
replaceable
sleeve
Zone 2
Or
Or
Or
Or
Zone 1
Mild Med. Sev.
Zone 1-A
Figure No. 21
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
20
PACKED PENDULUM
Because all packed hole assemblies will bend,
however small the amount of deflection, a perfectly vertical hole is not possible. The rate of
hole angle change will be kept to a minimum but
occasionally conditions will arise where total hole
deviation must be reduced. When this condition
occurs, the pendulum technique is employed. If it
is anticipated that the packed hole assembly will
be required after reduction of the hole angle, the
packed pendulum technique is recommended.
In the packed pendulum technique, the pendulum collars are swung below the regular packed
hole assembly. When the hole deviation has been
reduced to an acceptable limit, the pendulum collars are removed and the packed hole assembly
again is run above the bit. It is only necessary to
ream the length of the pendulum collars prior to
resuming normal drilling.
If a vibration dampening device is used in the
packed pendulum assembly, it should remain in its
original position during the pendulum operations
(see Figure No. 22).
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
21
Packed Pendulum
Packed hole assembly
Vibration dampener
Drill collars
Bit
Pendulum
Figure No. 22
Figure No. 23
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
22
CONCLUSION
In summation, a well-engineered bottom-hole
assembly, with the proper selection of stabilizing
tools in all three zones, should produce a useful hole
with a full-gage, smooth bore free from doglegs, key
seats, offsets, spirals and ledges, thereby making it
possible to complete and produce the well. Both the
drilling contractor and oil company operator should
realize additional profits from a well-planned program. Careful planning will usually result in the
best drill stem for a given job.
DOWNHOLE VIBRATIONS?
Back in 1959, Smith began to market the first successful downhole vibration dampener to meet a very
obvious need. Drillers were having 10 to 15 drill collar failures per well in 121/4-in. (311.2 mm) holes
going to 6,000 ft (1,830 m) in a rough-running area.
Ordinary measures failed to solve the problem. The
Shock Sub T or vibration dampener was introduced
into the drill stem and the drill collar failures were
reduced.
A second benefit was increased bit life. A third
benefit was then achieved by increasing both rotary
speed and bit weight and further stepping up daily
drilling depth. In rough-running areas, the downhole vibration dampener has become a way of life.
Its use has been extended to many areas, worldwide.
Downhole data collected by a major oil company,
provided a glimpse of what really goes on at the bottom of the hole. Using a downhole instrumentation
sub, they measured among other things bit weight,
rotary speed, vertical vibrations and bending stress
in the sub.
Without even being aware of it at the surface,
small changes in such things as rotary speed, bit
weight or formation can cause fantastic gyrations to
occur at the bottom of the hole. Vibrations develop
that cause impact loads on the bit several times the
load indicated at the surface. Bending loads in the
sub increase by perhaps 10 times.
These events indicate how vague our knowledge
of downhole dynamics really is. Weve learned to
cope with them to some degree.
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
23
Bottom-Hole Assemblies
24
Notes
SECTION TWO
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSU
STICKING
27
28
IB stabilizer
Hevi-Wate
drill pipe
Spiral drill
collar
Stuck area
Hydra-shock
Spiral equalizes
pressure in
stuck area
IB stabilizer
IB stabilizer
(Integral blade)
Near Bit
IB Stabilizer
Figure No. 24
SECTION THREE
BIT
STABILIZATION
Bit Stabilization
31
Bit Stabilization
32
Bit Stabilization
Figure No. 27
Figure No. 28
Figure No. 29
Figure No. 25
Figure No. 26
Parallel Misalignment
Parallel misalignment
is caused by the use of
small drill collars (in
relation to the hole size)
and no stabilization.
The bit can move off
center until the drill
collars OD contacts
the wall of the hole.
This results in an offset
due to drilling off center.
Angular Misalignment
Angular misalignment
is caused by the use of
small drill collars (in
relation to the hole size)
and no stabilization.
Most or all of the bit
load is applied to one
cone at a time, causing
rapid breakdown and
failure of both the cutting structure and bearing structure of the bit.
33
Bit Stabilization
34
Figure No. 30
SECTION FOUR
DRILL
COLLAR
Drill Collar
37
Drill Collar
38
Drill Collar
4. Lift sub pins should be cleaned, inspected and
lubricated on each trip. If these pins have been
damaged and go unnoticed, they will eventually
damage all of the drill collar boxes.
Initial Makeup of New Drill Collars
1. A new joint should be very carefully lubricated.
Any metal-to-metal contact may cause a gall.
Application should be generous on shoulders,
threads and in the pin relief grooves.
2. Good rig practice is to walk in the drill collar
joint using chain tongs.
3. Make up to proper torque.
4. Break out connection and inspect for and
repair minor damage.
5. Relubricate and make up to proper torque.
Figure No. 31
Torque Control
1. Torque is the measure of the amount of twist
applied to members as they are screwed together.
The length of the tong arm in feet multiplied by
the line pull in pounds is foot-pounds (ft-lb) of
torque. Use feet and tenths of a foot.
1. The length of the tong arm in meters multiplied
by the line pull in kilograms is kilogram-meters
(kg-m) of torque.
2. A 4.2 ft tong arm and 2,000 lb of line pull at
the end of the tong, will produce 4.2 ft times
2,000 lb, or a total of 8,400 ft-lb of torque (see
Figure No. 32).
1. A 1.28 m tong arm and 907 kg of line pull at
the end of the tong, will produce a 1.28 m times
907 kg or a total of 1161 kg-m of torque (see
Figure No. 32).
39
Drill Collar
40
Drill Collar
Recommended Minimum Torque (ft-lb)
Bore of Drill Collar (in.)
Connection OD
Type
(in.)
21/4
21/2
213/16
3
31/4
3
NC 50
6 /4 36,700 35,800 32,200 30,000 26,600
90
4.2 ft
2,000 lb line pull
Fully effective tong arm
Torque = 4.2 ft x 2,000 lb
= 8,400 ft-lb
90
4.2 ft
3,000 lb line pull
Fully effective tong arm
Torque = 4.2 ft x 3,000 lb
= 12,600 ft-lb
45
ft
4.
2
2
4.
ft
45
3 ft
3 ft
Figure No. 32
41
Drill Collar
42
Step No. 2
Divide the torque value by the effective length
of the tong arm (see Figure No. 33). This will give
the total line pull required.
Effective tong arm length
Drill Collar
43
90
Figure No. 33
Cathead pull
Example:
For 42 in. tongs, divide by 12 in. = 3.5 ft
For 48 in. tongs, divide by 12 in. = 4 ft
For 50 in. tongs, divide by 12 in. = 4.2 ft
For 54 in. tongs, divide by 12 in. = 4.5 ft
For collars with 63/4 in. OD x 21/4 in. ID and
NC 50 (41/2 in. IF) connections, the tables recommended 36,741 ft-lb of makeup torque. Say the
effective tong arm length is 50 in. then:
50 in.
= 4.2 ft
12 in.
36,741 ft-lb
= 8,748 lb of line pull
4.2 ft
Example:
For 42 in. tongs, multiply by .0254 = 1.07 m
For 48 in. tongs, multiply by .0254 = 1.22 m
For 50 in. tongs, multiply by .0254 = 1.27 m
For 54 in. tongs, multiply by .0254 = 1.37 m
For collars with 171.4 mm OD x 57.1 mm ID
and NC 50 (41/2 in. IF) connections, the tables
recommend 5,080 kg-m of makeup torque. Say
the effective tong arm length is 50 in. then:
(50 in.) x (.0254) = 1.27 m
5,080 kg-m
= 4,000 kg of line pull
1.27 m
Torque indicator
90
Figure No. 34
Drill Collar
44
Drill Collar
45
Torque indicator
The amount of cathead pull will
be the same as the line pull
reading on your Torque Indicator.
90
Figure No. 35
Torque indicator
Snub line
90
Torque indicator
Snub
line
90
Snub line
Torque indicator
90
Snub line
Figure No. 36
Figure No. 38
Drill Collar
46
Drill Collar
47
The amount of cathead pull
will be the same as the line
pull reading on your Torque
Indicator.
Snub line
Torque indicator
90
90
Snub
line
Torque indicator
The amount of cathead pull will
be 1/3 of the line pull reading on
your Torque Indicator.
90
Snub
line
Torque
indicator
Snub line
90
Snub
line
Snub
line
Torque
indicator
Figure No. 40
Drill Collar
48
The amount of cathead pull will
be the same as the line pull
reading on your Torque Indicator.
Snub line
Drill Collar
49
Snub line
90
Torque
indicator
Torque indicator
90
Snub
line
Snub line
Figure No. 45
The amount of cathead pull will
be 1/2 of the line pull reading on
your Torque Indicator.
Figure No. 43
Snub line
The amount of cathead pull will
be 2/3 of the line pull reading on
your Torque Indicator.
Snub line
90
Torque
indicator
90
Snub
line
Figure No. 46
Snub line
Figure No. 44
Drill Collar
50
The amount of cathead pull will
be 1/4 of the line pull reading on
your Torque Indicator
Snub line
90
Torque indicator
Figure No. 47
The amount of cathead pull will
be 1/5 of the line pull reading on
your Torque Indicator.
Torque indicator
90
Snub line
Snub line
Figure No. 48
Drill Collar
51
52
Drill Collar
How Does the ATCS Help?
Safer - The driller is freed from watching
hydraulic torque gages for the make up of each
connection, thus letting him focus his attention
on the rig floor activities.
Reduces trip time - Automatic application of
makeup torque results in faster and optimum rig
floor rhythm of movement.
Reduces pin and box damage - Improper
torque is the primary cause of swelled boxes,
stretched pins, and galled threads and shoulders.
Minimizes risk of fishing jobs - Improper
makeup torque causes washouts and twistoffs.
Reduces rig downtime - By eliminating torquerelated failures, you can avoid the expense of
laying down damaged pipe and tools, repair or
replacement, and loss of costly rig time.
Hydraulic Line Pull Devices
Sometimes drilling rigs do not have catheads or
have catheads with insufficient capacity or simply
do not want to use them for the makeup of large
rotary shouldered connections. In these cases, the
rig must rely on external devices to supply the line
pull to the tongs. These devices take the form of
hydraulic cylinders and power sources.
Ezy-TorqT Hydraulic Cathead
In the 1960s Smith developed the Ezy-Torq hydraulic
cathead for use on large connections that were
beyond the capacity of most rig air catheads. Its primary function is to provide a line pull source for connections that require torques ranging from 40,000 to
150,000 ft-lb. When you use the hydraulic cathead
on connections requiring less than 40,000 ft-lb, you
should always calibrate the unit with a load cell.
The Ezy-Torq hydraulic cathead is available in
two different configurations:
1. One which has its own self-contained power
source.
2. One which uses an auxiliary power source
supplied by the user.
For either source of power, the hydraulic
cylinder and cylinder installation/arrangement
are the same.
Drill Collar
Give This Some Thought
Each torque measuring device has a limit for the
total amount of line pull it can accurately measure.
Know the limit of the instrument you are using and
work within the recommended range (see pages 41
through 50).
Multiple line hookups can provide many times
the normal makeup line pull. Great care should be
taken to see that the lines do not become crossed,
twisted or fouled. When it comes time for the big
pull*, be sure everyone is in the clear.
*Caution: Know the tongs rating before the
pull is attempted.
The slack in the tong safety line should be sufficient for the tongs to obtain full benefit of the pull
from the cathead, but short enough to prevent
complete rotation of the tongs.
53
Drill Collar
54
4 FH
API NC 40
4 Mod. Open
41/2 DSL
4 H-90
41/2 Reg.
API NC 44
41/2 API FH
41/2 XH
API NC 46
4 API IF
5 DSL
41/2 Mod. Open
41/2 H-90
5 H-90
51/2 H-90
51/2 Reg.
41/2 API IF
API NC 50
5 XH
5 Mod. Open
51/2 DSL
5 Semi-IF
OD
(in.)
3...4
31/8
31/4
33/4
31/8
31/4
33/4
31/8
31/4
31/2
33/4
31/2
33/4
37/8
33/4
37/8
41/8
37/8
41/8
41/4
41/2
41/8
41/4
41/2
41/2
43/4
53/4
41/4
41/2
43/4
53/4
51/4
43/4
53/4
51/4
51/2
43/4
53/4
51/4
51/2
53/4
51/4
51/2
53/4
63/4
51/4
51/2
53/4
63/4
61/4
51/2
53/4
63/4
61/4
53/4
63/4
61/4
61/2
51/2
53/4
63/4
61/4
61/2
53/4
63/4
61/4
61/2
63/4
53/4
63/4
61/4
61/2
63/4
61/4
61/2
63/4
73/4
63/4
73/4
71/4
71/2
63/4
73/4
71/4
71/2
61/4
61/2
63/4
73/4
71/4
71/2
Bore of Drill
1
11/4
2,508
2,508
3,330
3,330
4,000
3,387
2,241
3,028
3,285
3,797
4,966
5,206
4,606
5,501
3,838
5,766
5,766
4,089
5,352
8,059
4,640
7,390
8,858
10,286
6,466
7,886
10,471
Collars (in.)
11/2
13/4
2,508
2,647
2,647
2,241
1,749
2,574
1,749
2,574
1,749
3,797
2,926
4,151
2,926
4,151
2,926
4,606
4,668
3,838
4,951
4,951
4,089
5,352
8,059
4,640
7,390
8,858
9,307
6,466
7,886
9,514
3,697
3,697
3,838
4,002
4,002
4,089
5,352
7,433
4,640
7,390
8,161
8,161
6,466
7,886
8,394
9,038
12,273
12,273
5,161
8,479
12,074
13,282
13,282
9,986
13,949
16,207
16,207
8,786
12,794
17,094
18,524
10,910
15,290
19,985
20,539
20,539
Drill Collar
55
4,640
6,853
6,853
6,853
6,466
7,115
7,115
9,038
10,825
10,825
5,161
8,479
11,803
11,803
11,803
9,986
13,949
14,653
14,653
8,786
12,794
16,931
16,931
10,910
15,290
18,886
18,886
18,886
12,590
17,401
22,531
23,674
23,674
15,576
20,609
23,686
23,686
20,895
25,509
25,509
25,509
12,973
18,119
23,605
27,294
27,294
21/4
21/2
5,685
5,685
5,685
9,038
7,411
9,202
7,411
9,202
7,411
5,161
5,161
8,479
8,311
10,144
8,311
10,144
8,311
10,144
8,311
9,986
9,986
12,907
10,977
12,907
10,977
12,907
10,977
8,786
8,786
12,794 12,794
15,139
13,154
15,139 13,154.
10,910 10,910
15,290 14,969
17,028
14,969
17,028
14,969
17,028
14,969
12,590 12,590
17,401 17,401
21,717
19,546
21,717
19,546
21,717
19,546
15,576 15,576
20,609 19,601
21,749
19,601
21,749
19,601
20,895 20,895
23,493
21,257
23,493
21,257
23,493
21,257
12,973 12,973
18,119 18,119
23,605 23,028
25,272
23,028
25,272
23,028
17,738 17,738
23,422 23,422
28,021
25,676
28,021
25,676
28,021
25,676
18,019 18,019
23,681 23,681
28,731
26,397
28,731
26,397
28,731
26,397
25,360 25,360
31,895 31,895
35,292
32,825
35,292
32,825
34,508 34,508
41,993 40,117
42,719
40,117
42,719
40,117
31,941 31,941
39,419 39,419
42,481
39,866
42,481
39,866
23,003 23,003
29,679 29,679
36,741 35,824
38,379
35,824
38,379
35,824
38,379
35,824
8,315
8,315
8,315
8,315
8,786
10,410
10,410
10,410
10,910
12,125
12,125
12,125
12,125
12,590
16,539
16,539
16,539
16,539
15,576
16,629
16,629
16,629
18,161
18,161
18,161
18,161
12,973
18,119
19,920
19,920
19,920
17,738
22,426
22,426
22,426
22,426
18,019
23,159
23,159
23,159
23,159
25,360
29,400
29,400
29,400
34,508
36,501
36,501
36,501
31,941
36,235
36,235
36,235
23,003
29,679
32,277
32,277
32,277
32,277
12,973
17,900
17,900
17,900
17,900
17,738
20,311
20,311
20,311
20,311
18,019
21,051
21,051
21,051
21,051
25,360
27,167
27,167
27,167
34,142
34,142
34,142
34,142
31,941
33,868
33,868
33,868
23,003
29,679
29,965
29,965
29,965
29,965
31/2
33/4
23,003
26,675
26,675
26,675
26,675
26,675
threads and shoulders. Also using the modified screw jack formula as shown in
the IADC Drilling Manual and the API Recommended Practice RP 7G. For API
connections and their interchangeable connections, makeup torque is based on
62,500 psi stress in the pin or box, whichever is weaker.
56
Drill Collar
Recommended Minimum Makeup Torque (ft-lb) [See Note 2]
OD
Bore of Drill Collars (in.)
Size and Type
of Connection (in.)
(in.)
11/2
13/4
1
11/4
.....
7
51/2 API FH
71/4
71/2
73/4
71/4
API NC 56
71/2
73/4
85/8
71/2
65/8 Reg.
73/4
85/8
81/4
71/2
65/8 H-90
73/4
85/8
81/4
85/8
81/4
API NC 61
81/2
83/4
95/8
85/8
81/4
51/2 IF
81/2
83/4
95/8
91/4
81/2
83/4
65/8 API FH
95/8
91/4
91/2
95/8
91/4
API NC 70
91/2
93/4
105/8
101/4
105/8
101/4
API NC 77
101/2
103/4
115/8
Connections with Full Faces
8*5/8
7 H-90
81/4*
81/2*
81/2*
83/4*
5
7 /8 API Reg.
9*5/8
91/4*
91/2*
9*5/8
5
7 /8 H-90
91/4*
91/2*
10*5/8
85/8 API Reg.
101/4*
101/2*
85/8 H-90
101/4*
101/2*
Connections with Low Torque Faces
7 H-90
83/4
95/8
91/4
75/8 Reg.
91/2
93/4
105/8
93/4
75/8 H-90
105/8
101/4
101/2
103/4
85/8 Reg.
115/8
111/4
103/4
85/8 H-90
115/8
111/4
2. Normal torque range tabulated minimum value to 10% greater. Largest diameter
shown for each connection is the maximum recommended for that connection. If
the connections are used on drill collars larger than the maximum shown, increase
the torque values shown by 10% for a minimum value. In addition to the increased
minimum torque value, it is also recommended that a fishing neck be machined to
the maximum diameter shown.
3. H-90 connections makeup torque is based on 56,200 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
4. The 27/8 in. PAC makeup torque is based on 87,500 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
Drill Collar
57
21/4
31/2
33/4
56,641
59,027
59,027
59,027
59,027
59,027
67,789
67,184
72,102
67,184
72,102
67,184
72,102
67,184
72,102
67,184
75,781 75,781
88,802 88,802
96,214
90,984
96,214
90,984
96,214
90,984
96,214
90,984
108,194 108,194
124,051 124,051
135,119 129,375
135,119 129,375
135,119 129,375
53,454
60,970
60,970
60,402 60,402
72,169 72,169
79,536
74,529
79,536
74,529
79,536
74,529
73,017 73,017
86,006 86,006
99,508
96,284
109,345 109,345
125,263 125,034
130,777 125,034
113,482 113,482
130,063 130,063
62,845
62,845
73,099
82,457
82,457
82,457
91,667
104,166
104,166
104,166
112,887
130,676
136,846
92,960
110,782
129,203
73,099
77,289
77,289
77,289
91,667
98,799
98,799
98,799
112,887
130,676
130,870
92,960
110,782
129,203
*5. Largest diameter shown is the maximum recommended for these full faced
connections. If larger diameters are used, machine connections with low torque
faces and use the torque values shown under low torque face tables. If low
torque faces are not used, see Note 2 for increased torque values.
()6. Torque figures succeeded by a cross () indicate that the weaker member for
the corresponding OD and bore is the BOX. For all other torque values the
weaker member is the PIN.
Drill Collar
58
4 H-90
41/2 Reg.
API NC 44
41/2 API FH
41/2 XH
API NC 46
4 API IF
5 DSL
41/2 Mod. Open
41/2 H-90
5 H-90
51/2 H-90
51/2 Reg.
41/2 IF
API NC 50
5 XH
5 Mod. Open
51/2 DSL
5 Semi-IF
OD
(mm)
76.2
79.4
82.6
76.2
79.4
82.6
76.2
79.4
82.6
88.9
95.2
88.9
95.2
98.4
95.2
98.4
104.8
98.4
104.8
107.9
114.3
104.8
107.9
114.3
114.3
120.6
127.0
107.9
114.3
120.6
127.0
133.3
120.6
127.0
133.3
139.7
120.6
127.0
133.3
139.7
127.0
133.3
139.7
146.0
152.4
133.3
139.7
146.0
152.4
168.7
139.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
139.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
177.8
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
158.7
165.1
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
Bore
25.4
347
460
553
637
645
531
685
685
565
740
1,114
641
1,022
1,225
1,287
894
1,090
1,315
511
511
531
553
553
565
740
1,028
641
1,022
1,128
1,128
894
1,090
1,160
1,250
1,697
1,697
714
1,172
1,669
1,836
1,836
1,381
1,929
2,241
2,241
1,215
1,769
2,363
2,561
1,508
2,114
2,763
2,840
2,840
Drill Collar
59
641
947
947
947
894
984
984
1,250
1,497
1,497
714
1,172
1,632
1,632
1,632
1,381
1,929
2,026
2,026
1,215
1,769
2,341
2,341
1,508
2,114
2,611
2,611
2,611
1,741
2,406
3,115
3,273
3,273
2,153
2,849
3,275
3,275
2,889
3,527
3,527
3,527
1,794
2,505
3,264
3,774
3,774
57.1
786
786
786
1,250
1,272
1,272
714
1,172
1,402
1,402
1,402
1,381
1,785
1,785
1,785
1,215
1,769
2,093
2,093
1,508
2,114
2,354
2,354
2,354
1,741
2,406
3,003
3,003
3,003
2,153
2,849
3,007
3,007
2,889
3,248
3,248
3,248
1,794
2,505
3,264
3,494
3,494
2,452
3,238
3,874
3,874
3,874
2,491
3,274
3,972
3,972
3,972
3,506
4,410
4,879
4,879
4,771
5,806
5,906
5,906
4,416
5,450
5,873
5,873
3,180
4,103
5,080
5,306
5,306
5,306
1,025
1,025
1,025
714
1,149
1,149
1,149
1,149
1,381
1,518
1,518
1,518
1,215
1,769
1,819
1,819
1,508
2,070
2,070
2,070
2,070
1,741
2,406
2,702
2,702
2,702
2,153
2,710
2,710
2,710
2,889
2,939
2,939
2,939
1,794
2,505
3,184
3,184
3,184
2,452
3,238
3,550
3,550
3,550
2,491
3,274
3,650
3,650
3,650
3,506
4,410
4,538
4,538
4,771
5,546
5,546
5,546
4,416
5,450
5,512
5,512
3,180
4,103
4,953
4,953
4,953
4,953
1,150
1,150
1,150
1,150
1,215
1,439
1,439
1,439
1,508
1,676
1,676
1,676
1,676
1,741
2,287
2,287
2,287
2,287
2,153
2,299
2,299
2,299
2,511
2,511
2,511
2,511
1,794
2,505
2,754
2,754
2,754
2,452
3,100
3,100
3,100
3,100
2,491
3,202
3,202
3,202
3,202
3,506
4,065
4,065
4,065
4,771
5,046
5,046
5,046
4,416
5,010
5,010
5,010
3,180
4,103
4,462
4,462
4,462
4,462
1,794
2,475
2,475
2,475
2,475
2,452
2,808
2,808
2,808
2,808
2,491
2,910
2,910
2,910
2,910
3,506
3,756
3,756
3,756
4,720
4,720
4,720
4,720
4,416
4,682
4,682
4,682
3,180
4,103
4,143
4,143
4,143
4,143
88.9
95.2
3,180
3,688
3,688
3,688
3,688
3,688
threads and shoulders. Also using the modified screw jack formula as shown in
the IADC Drilling Manual and the API Recommended Practice RP 7G. For API
connections and their interchangeable connections, makeup torque is based on
62,500 psi stress in the pin or box, whichever is weaker.
60
Drill Collar
Recommended Minimum Makeup Torque (kg-m) [See Note 2]
OD
Bore of Drill Collars (mm)
Size and Type
of Connection (in.)
(mm)
25.4
31.7
38.1
44.4
177.8
184.1
51/2 API FH
190.5
196.8
184.1
API NC 56
190.5
196.8
203.2
190.5
65/8 Reg.
196.8
203.2
209.5
190.5
65/8 H-90
196.8
203.2
209.5
203.2
209.5
API NC 61
215.9
222.2
228.6
203.2
209.5
51/2 IF
215.9
222.2
228.6
234.9
215.9
222.2
65/8 API FH
228.6
234.9
241.3
228.6
234.9
API NC 70
241.3
247.6
254.0
260.3
254.0
260.3
API NC 77
266.7
273.0
279.4
Connections with Full Faces
203.2*
7 H-90
209.5*
215.9*
215.9*
222.2*
75/8 API Reg.
228.6*
234.9*
241.3*
228.6*
75/8 H-90
234.9*
241.3*
254.0*
85/8 API Reg.
260.3*
266.7*
85/8 H-90
260.3*
266.7*
Connections with Low Torque Faces
7 H-90
222.2
228.6
234.9
75/8 Reg.
241.3
247.6
254.0
247.6
75/8 H-90
254.0
260.3
266.7
273.0
85/8 Reg.
279.4
285.7
273.0
85/8 H-90
279.4
285.7
2. Normal torque range tabulated minimum value to 10% greater. Largest diameter
shown for each connection is the maximum recommended for that connection. If
the connections are used on drill collars larger than the maximum shown, increase
the torque values shown by 10% for a minimum value. In addition to the increased
minimum torque value, it is also recommended that a fishing neck be machined to
the maximum diameter shown.
3. H-90 connections makeup torque is based on 56,200 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
4. The 27/8 in. PAC makeup torque is based on 87,500 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
Drill Collar
61
57.1
Bore of Drill
63.5
71.4
4,530
4,530
5,668
5,668
6,866
6,603
7,146
6,603
5,599
5,599
6,783
6,667
7,205
6,667
7,205
6,667
6,415
6,415
7,691
7,375
7,935
7,375
7,935
7,375
6,430
6,430
7,702
7,702
8,340
7,780
8,340
7,780
7,622
7,622
9,047
9,047
10,047
9,456
10,047
9,456
10,047
9,456
7,831
7,831
9,282
9,282
10,317
9,716
10,317
9,716
10,317
9,716
10,317
9,716
9,372
10,997
11,612
11,612
11,612
10,477
12,277
14,151
15,048
15,048
15,048
Collars (mm)
76.2
82.5
4,530
4,530
5,668
5,668
6,248
5,742
6,248
5,742
5,599
5,599
6,316
5,815
6,316
5,815
6,316
5,815
6,415
6,415
7,010
6,489
7,010
6,489
7,010
6,489
6,430
6,430
7,414
6,893
7,414
6,893
7,414
6,893
7,622
7,622
9,047
8,520
9,070
8,520
9,070
8,520
9,070
8,520
7,831
7,831
9,282
8,763
9,323
8,763
9,323
8,763
9,323
8,763
9,323
8,763
9,372
9,372
10,997
10,605
11,197
10,605
11,197
10,605
11,197
10,605
10,477 10,477
12,277 12,277
14,151
13,979
14,608
13,979
14,608
13,979
14,608
13,979
14,958 14,958
17,151 17,151
19,424 19,424
20,113
19,423
20,113
19,423
Connections with Full Faces
7,390
7,390
7,390
8,812
8,812
8,812
9,963
9,576
9,023
8,351
8,351
9,978
9,978
11,675
11,644
12,247
11,644
12,247
11,644
10,095 10,095
11,891 11,891
13,758 13,758
15,117 15,117
17,318 17,318
19,512
18,823
15,689 15,689
7,982 17,982
Connections with Low Torque Faces
9,410
9,410
9,299
10,263
9,866
9,299
10,106 10,106
11,954 11,954
12,690
12,069
12,690
12,069
12,673 12,673
14,691 14,691
15,740
15,095
15,740
15,095
15,607 15,607
18,067 18,067
20,409
19,692
12,852 12,852
15,316 15,316
17,863 17,863
88.9
95.2
7,831
8,161
8,161
8,161
8,161
8,161
9,372
9,968
9,968
9,968
9,968
10,477
12,277
13,302
13,302
13,302
13,302
14,958
17,151
18,681
18,681
18,681
9,289
9,289
9,289
9,289
9,289
10,477
12,277
12,579
12,579
12,579
12,579
14,958
17,151
17,887
17,887
17,887
7,390
8,429
8,429
8,351
9,978
10,996
10,996
10,996
10,095
11,891
13,758
15,117
17,318
18,081
15,689
17,982
8,351
9,978
10,304
10,304
10,304
10,095
11,891
13,312
15,117
17,287
17,287
15,689
17,982
8,689
8,689
10,106
11,400
11,400
11,400
12,673
14,401
14,401
14,401
15,607
18,067
18,920
12,852
15,316
17,863
10,106
10,686
10,686
10,686
12,673
13,659
13,659
13,659
15,607
18,067
18,093
12,852
15,316
17,863
*5. Largest diameter shown is the maximum recommended for these full faced
connections. If larger diameters are used, machine connections with low torque
faces and use the torque values shown under low torque face tables. If low
torque faces are not used, see Note 2 for increased torque values.
()6. Torque figures succeeded by a cross () indicate that the weaker member for
the corresponding OD and bore is the BOX. For all other torque values the
weaker member is the PIN.
Drill Collar
62
4 H-90
41/2 Reg.
API NC 44
41/2 API FH
41/2 XH
API NC 46
4 API IF
5 DSL
41/2 Mod. Open
41/2 H-90
5 H-90
51/2 H-90
51/2 Reg.
41/2 API IF
API NC 50
5 XH
5 Mod. Open
51/2 DSL
5 Semi-IF
OD
(mm)
76.2
79.4
82.5
76.2
79.4
82.5
76.2
79.4
82.5
88.9
95.2
88.9
95.2
98.4
95.2
98.4
104.8
98.4
104.8
107.9
114.3
104.8
107.9
114.3
114.3
120.6
127.0
107.9
114.3
120.6
127.0
133.3
120.6
127.0
133.3
139.7
120.6
127.0
133.3
139.7
127.0
133.3
139.7
146.0
152.4
133.3
139.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
139.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
139.7
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
146.0
152.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
158.7
165.1
171.4
177.8
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
158.7
165.1
171.4
177.8
184.1
190.5
Bore of Drill
25.4
31.7
3,400
3,400
4,514
4,514
5,423
4,592
3,039
4,105
4,454
5,148
6,733
7,058
6,245
7,458
5,204
7,817
7,817
5,544
7,256
10,927
6,291
10,019
12,010
13,946
8,766
10,692
14,197
Collars (mm)
38.1
44.4
3,400
3,589
3,589
3,039
2,371
3,490
2,371
3,490
2,371
5,148
3,968
5,629
3,968
5,629
3,968
6,245
6,329
5,204
6,713
6,713
5,544
7,256
10,927
6,291
10,019
12,010
12,619
8,766
10,692
12,900
5,013
5,013
5,204
5,426
5,426
5,544
7,256
10,077
6,291
10,019
11,065
11,065
8,766
10,692
11,380
12,255
16,640
16,640
6,997
11,495
16,370
18,009
18,009
13,540
18,913
21,974
21,974
11,912
17,346
23,176
25,115
14,793
20,731
27,096
27,847
27,847
Drill Collar
63
6,291
9,292
9,292
9,292
8,766
9,646
9,646
12,255
14,677
14,677
6,997
11,495
16,003
16,003
16,003
13,540
18,913
19,867
1,9867
11,912
17,346
22,956
22,956
14,793
20,731
25,607
25,607
25,607
17,070
23,593
30,548
32,097
32,097
21,118
27,943
32,113
32,113
28,330
34,586
34,586
34,586
17,589
24,566
32,004
37,006
37,006
57.1
7,708
7,708
7,708
12,255
12,477
12,477
6,997
11,495
13,753
13,753
13,753
13,540
17,500
17,500
17,500
11,912
17,346
20,526
20,526
14,793
20,731
23,086
23,086
23,086
17,070
23,593
29,445
29,445
29,445
21,118
27,943
29,487
29,487
28,330
31,853
31,853
31,853
17,589
24,566
32,004
34,264
34,264
24,049
31,755
37,991
37,991
37,991
24,431
32,107
38,955
38,955
38,955
34,383
43,244
47,849
47,849
46,787
56,935
57,919
57,919
43,306
53,445
57,597
57,597
31,188
40,240
49,814
52,035
52,035
52,035
10,048
10,048
10,048
6,997
11,268
11,268
11,268
11,268
13,540
14,883
14,883
14,883
11,912
17,346
17,834
17,834
14,793
20,295
20,295
20,295
20,295
17,070
23,593
26,501
26,501
26,501
21,118
26,575
26,575
26,575
28,330
28,820
28,820
28,820
17,589
24,566
31,222
31,222
31,222
24,049
31,755
34,811
34,811
34,811
24,431
32,107
35,790
35,790
35,790
34,383
43,244
44,504
44,504
46,787
54,391
54,391
54,391
43,306
53,445
54,051
54,051
31,188
40,240
48,570
48,570
48,570
48,570
11,274
11,274
11,274
11,274
11,912
14,114
14,114
14,114
14,793
16,439
16,439
16,439
16,439
17,070
22,424
22,424
22,424
22,424
21,118
22,546
22,546
22,546
24,623
24,623
24,623
24,623
17,589
24,566
27,008
27,008
27,008
24,049
30,405
30,405
30,405
30,405
24,431
31,400
31,400
31,400
31,400
34,383
39,861
39,861
39,861
46,787
49,489
49,489
49,489
43,306
49,128
49,128
49,128
31,188
40,240
43,762
43,762
43,762
43,762
17,589
24,269
24,269
24,269
24,269
24,049
27,538
27,538
27,538
27,538
24,431
28,541
28,541
28,541
28,541
34,383
36,833
36,833
36,833
46,291
46,291
46,291
46,291
43,306
45,918
45,918
45,918
31,188
40,240
40,628
40,628
40,628
40,628
88.9
95.2
31,188
36,167
36,167
36,167
36,167
36,167
threads and shoulders. Also using the modified screw jack formula as shown in
the IADC Drilling Manual and the API Recommended Practice RP 7G. For API
connections and their interchangeable connections, makeup torque is based on
62,500 psi stress in the pin or box, whichever is weaker.
64
Drill Collar
Recommended Minimum Makeup Torque (Nm) [See Note 2]
OD
Bore of Drill Collars (mm)
Size and Type
of Connection (in.)
(mm)
25.4
31.7
38.1
44.4
177.8
184.1
51/2 API FH
190.5
196.8
184.1
API NC 56
190.5
196.8
203.2
190.5
65/8 Reg.
196.8
203.2
209.5
190.5
65/8 H-90
196.8
203.2
209.5
203.2
209.5
API NC 61
215.9
222.2
228.6
203.2
209.5
51/2 IF
215.9
222.2
228.6
234.9
215.9
222.2
65/8 API FH
228.6
234.9
241.3
228.6
234.9
API NC 70
241.3
247.6
254.0
260.3
254.0
260.3
API NC 77
266.7
273.0
279.4
Connections with Full Faces
203.2*
7 H-90
209.5*
215.9*
215.9*
222.2*
75/8 API Reg.
228.6*
234.9*
241.3*
228.6*
75/8 H-90
234.9*
241.3*
254.0*
85/8 API Reg.
260.3*
266.7*
85/8 H-90
260.3*
266.7*
Connections with Low Torque Faces
7 H-90
222.2
228.6
234.9
75/8 Reg.
241.3
247.6
254.0
247.6
75/8 H-90
254.0
260.3
266.7
273.0
85/8 Reg.
279.4
285.7
273.0
85/8 H-90
279.4
285.7
2. Normal torque range tabulated minimum value to 10% greater. Largest diameter
shown for each connection is the maximum recommended for that connection. If
the connections are used on drill collars larger than the maximum shown, increase
the torque values shown by 10% for a minimum value. In addition to the increased
minimum torque value, it is also recommended that a fishing neck be machined to
the maximum diameter shown.
3. H-90 connections makeup torque is based on 56,200 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
4. The 27/8 in. PAC makeup torque is based on 87,500 psi stress and other factors
as stated in Note 1.
Drill Collar
65
57.1
88.9
95.2
76,795
80,029
80,029
80,029
80,029
80,029
91,909
97,757
97,757
97,757
97,757
102,745
120,400
130,449
130,449
130,449
130,449
146,692
168,191
183,197
183,197
183,197
91,090
91,090
91,090
91,090
91,090
102,745
120,400
123,357
123,357
123,357
123,357
146,692
168,191
175,409
175,409
175,409
72,474
82,665
82,665
81,894
97,848
107,836
107,836
107,836
98,997
116,609
134,915
148,251
169,834
177,310
153,860
176,341
81,894
97,848
101,048
101,048
101,048
98,997
116,609
130,544
148,251
169,523
169,523
153,860
176,341
85,206
85,206
99,109
111,796
111,796
111,796
124,284
141,230
141,230
141,230
153,054
177,174
185,538
126,037
150,200
175,176
99,109
104,789
104,789
104,789
124,284
133,953
133,953
133,953
153,054
177,174
177,437
126,037
150,200
175,176
*5. Largest diameter shown is the maximum recommended for these full faced
connections. If larger diameters are used, machine connections with low torque
faces and use the torque values shown under low torque face tables. If low
torque faces are not used, see Note 2 for increased torque values.
()6. Torque figures succeeded by a cross () indicate that the weaker member for
the corresponding OD and bore is the BOX. For all other torque values the
weaker member is the PIN.
Drill Collar
66
Drill Collar
67
Load
Figure No. 49
Gall-Resistant Coating
A gall-resistant coating should be applied to all
newly cut threads and shoulders. This conditions
the shiny threads and shoulders so that lubricant
will adhere to the surface.
Newly machined threads are bright and shiny
before being coated. The gall-resistant compound
is usually a manganese or zinc phosphate coating,
produced by immersing in a hot chemical solution,
which gives the threads and shoulders a dark appearance (see Figure No. 50). Such a coating acts as
a lubricant, separates the metal surfaces during the
initial makeup and assists in holding lubricant in
place under makeup loads.
Figure No. 50
Drill Collar
68
Figure No. 51
Figure No. 52
Drill Collar
Slip and Elevator Recesses
Slip and elevator recesses are
designed to cut drill collar handling time by eliminating lift subs
and safety clamps. Extreme care is
taken in machining smooth radii,
free of tool marks. Added fatigue
life is obtained by cold rolling the
radii at the upper shoulder with a
specially designed cold rolling
tool. Slip and elevator recesses
may be used together or separately (see Figure No. 53).
69
Cold
work
Figure No. 53
Drill Collar
70
Figure No. 54
BUOYANCY EFFECT OF
DRILL COLLARS IN MUD
All picked up drill collar weight is not available to
load the bit in fluid drilled holes due to the buoyancy effect.
Buoyancy Factors
Mud
(lb/gal)
8.34
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
BF = 1
Weight
(lb/ft3)
62.3
67.3
74.8
82.3
89.8
97.2
104.7
112.2
119.7
127.2
134.6
142.1
149.6
157.1
164.6
172.1
179.5
g/cc
or
sp gr
1.00
1.08
1.20
1.32
1.44
1.56
1.68
1.80
1.92
2.04
2.16
2.28
2.40
2.52
2.64
2.76
2.88
Buoyancy
Correction
Factor
.873
.862
.847
.832
.817
.801
.786
.771
.755
.740
.725
.710
.694
.679
.664
.649
.633
Mud lb/gal
65.5
Buoyancy Factors
To find the corrected or buoyed drill collar weight,
use the above Buoyancy Correction Factor for the
mud weight to be used.
Drill Collar
71
Example:
If a drill collar string weight is 79,000 lb in air,
how much will it weigh in 12 lb/gal mud?
Buoyed drill
collar weight = Drill collar weight x
correction factor
= 79,000 lb x .817
= 64,543 lb
Example:
If a drill collar string weight is 35,830 kg in air,
how much will it weigh in 1.44 g/cc mud?
Buoyed drill
collar weight = Drill collar weight x
correction factor
= 35,834 kg x .817
= 29,276 kg
DRILL PIPE
DRILL COLLAR SAFETY FACTOR
Drill pipe will be subjected to serious damage if
run in compression. To make sure the drill pipe is
always in tension, the top 10 to 15% of the drill
collar string must also be in tension. This will put
the change over from tension to compression, or
neutral zone, down in the stiff drill collar string
where it is desirable and can be tolerated. A 10%
Safety Factor (SF) should be written as 1.10, 15%
as 1.15, etc.
From the above buoyancy effect example, the
maximum weight available to run on the bit
would be:
Buoyed weight
Maximum bit weight available =
1.15 (15% SF)
=
64,543 lb
1.15
=
56,124 lb
Buoyed weight
Maximum bit weight available=
1.15 (15% SF)
=
29,276 kg
1.15
=
25,457 kg
Bit weight x SF
BF
In soft formations with little or no bouncing,
or when running a vibration dampener, a 10%
safety factor will probably be sufficient. In areas
of hard and rough drilling it may be desirable to
increase this safety factor to 25% (1.25).
Drill Collar
72
Weight of 31 ft Drill Collar (lb)
11/8
31/2
662.2
640.2
31/8
725.5
703.6
679.0
791.5
769.5
73
Drill
Collar
OD
(in.)
Drill Collar
Drill
Collar
OD
(in.)
11/8
31/2
21
21
622.1
31/8
23
23
22
21
744.9
688.0
31/4
26
25
24
22
33/8
813.5
756.6
689.3
33/8
26
24
22
31/2
884.6
827.7
760.5
31/2
29
27
25
33/4
1,034.6
977.7
910.5
33/4
33
32
29
37/8
1,113.5 1,056.6
989.4
911.8
823.8
37/8
36
34
32
30
27
41/2
1,138.1 1,070.9
993.3
905.3
41/2
37
35
32
29
41/8
3 /4
11/4
11/2
13/4
21/4
21/2
213/16
31/4
11/4
11/2
13/4
21/4
21/2
213/16
31/4
989.4
41/8
39
37
35
32
4 /4
41/4
42
40
38
35
41/2
41/2
48
46
43
41
43/4
43/4
54
52
50
47
51/2
51/2
61
59
56
53
50
51/4
51/4
68
65
63
60
57
53
51/2
51/2
75
73
70
67
64
60
57
53/4
53/4
83
80
78
75
72
67
64
61/2
61/2
90
88
85
83
79
75
72
61/4
61/4
98
96
94
91
88
83
80
76
61/2
61/2
107
105
102
99
96
92
88
85
63/4
63/4
116
114
111
108
105
101
98
94
71/2
71/2
125
123
120
117
114
110
107
103
71/4
71/4
134
132
130
127
124
119
116
112
7 /2
71/2
144
142
140
137
134
129
126
122
73/4
73/4
154
152
150
147
144
139
136
132
81/2
81/2
165
163
160
157
154
150
147
143
81/4
81/4
176
174
171
168
165
161
158
154
81/2
81/2
187
185
182
179
176
172
169
165
83/4
83/4
198
196
194
191
188
183
180
176
91/2
91/2
208
206
203
200
195
192
188
91/4
91/4
220
218
215
212
207
204
200
9 /2
91/2
233
230
228
224
220
217
213
93/4
93/4
246
243
240
237
233
230
226
101/2
101/2
256
254
250
246
243
239
10 /4
101/4
270
267
264
259
257
252
101/2
101/2
284
281
278
273
270
266
103/4
103/4
298
295
292
287
285
280
111/2
111/2
306
302
299
295
11 /4
111/4
321
317
314
310
111/2
111/2
336
332
329
325
44
68
113/4
113/4
352
348
345
340
121/2
121/2
368
363
361
356
Drill Collar
74
Weight of 9.4 m Drill Collar (kg)
Drill
Collar
OD
in.
(mm)
31/2
(76.20)
31/8
(79.37)
31/4
(82.55)
33/8
(85.72)
31/2
(88.90)
33/4
(95.25)
37/8
(98.42)
41/2
(101.60)
41/8
(104.77)
4 1/4
(107.95)
41/2
(114.30)
43/4
(120.65)
51/2
(127.00)
51/4
(133.35)
51/2
(139.70)
5 3/4
(146.05)
61/2
(152.40)
61/4
(158.75)
61/2
(165.10)
63/4
(171.45)
71/2
(177.80)
71/4
(184.15)
71/2
(190.50)
73/4
(196.85)
81/2
(203.20)
81/4
(209.55)
81/2
(215.90)
83/4
(222.25)
91/2
(228.60)
91/4
(234.95)
91/2
(241.30)
93/4
(247.65)
101/2
(254.00)
101/4
(260.35)
101/2
(266.70)
103/4
(273.05)
111/2
(279.40)
111/4
(285.75)
111/2
(292.10)
113/4
(298.45)
121/2
(304.80)
Drill Collar
75
288.9
327.4
317.5
306.4
280.7
357.2
347.2
336.2
310.5
367.1
341.4
311.1
399.2
373.5
343.2
466.9
441.2
410.9
502.5
476.8
446.5
411.4
371.8
513.6
483.2
448.2
408.5
551.5
521.2
486.1
446.5
590.6
560.3
525.2
485.6
672.3
642.0
606.9
567.3
758.7
728.3
693.3
653.6
849.7
819.4
784.4
744.7
700.3
945.4
915.1
880.1
840.4
796.0
734.0
1,045.8 1,015.5
980.4
940.8
896.4
834.4
793.7
939.5
898.7
609.3
950.1
35
34
33
30
38
37
36
33
39
36
33
43
40
37
50
47
44
54
51
48
44
40
55
51
48
44
59
55
52
48
63
60
56
52
72
68
65
60
81
78
74
70
65
90
87
83
79
75
101
97
94
89
85
111
108
104
100
95
89
84
122
119
116
111
107
100
96
78
134
131
127
123
118
112
107
101
146
143
139
135
130
124
120
113
159
156
152
148
143
136
132
126
172
169
165
161
156
150
145
139
186
183
179
175
170
163
159
153
200
197
193
189
184
177
173
167
215
211
208
203
199
192
188
182
230
227
223
219
214
207
203
197
245
242
238
234
230
223
219
212
262
258
255
250
246
239
235
229
278
275
271
267
262
256
251
245
295
292
288
284
279
273
269
262
310
306
302
297
290
286
280
328
324
320
315
309
304
298
346
343
339
334
327
323
317
366
362
358
353
346
342
336
382
377
373
366
362
355
402
397
393
386
382
376
422
418
413
407
403
396
443
439
434
428
423
417
456
449
445
439
478
472
467
461
501
494
490
484
524
517
513
507
547
541
536
530
76
Drill Collar
Drill Collar
77
Drill Collar
Drill Collar
79
2nd choice
10
1st choice
OD (in.)
78
3rd choice
93/4
75/8 H-90
91/2
NC 70
75/8 Reg.
(Low torque)
65/8 FH
Figure No. 55
Drill Collar
80
81
63/4
53/4
53/4
51/2
51/2
51/4
51/4
53/4
2.25
2.50
2.75
2.25
2.50
13/4 in. ID
2.75
11/2 in. ID
Drill Collar
NC 38
53/4
43/4
NC 38
31/2 XH
43/4
NC 35
41/2
31/2 XH
NC 35
41/4
OD (in.)
OD (in.)
41/2
41/4
NC 31
31/2 Reg.
27/8 XH
43/4
NC 31
31/2 Reg.
43/4
33/4
31/2 PAC
27/8 XH
33/4
31/2 PAC
31/2
31/2
27/8 Reg.
NC 26
31/4
27/8 Reg.
NC 26
31/4
33/4
27/8 PAC
33/4
27/8 PAC
23/4
23/4
23/8 Reg.
23/8 PAC
21/2
21/2
23/8 PAC
21/4
Reference line
Reference line
Drill Collar
82
Drill Collar
83
2.25
2.50
3.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
61/2
2.75
21/4 in. ID
2 in. ID
7 3/4
NC 46
61/4
51/2 FH
71/2
NC 56
63/4
71/4
NC 44
53/4
73/4
51/2 Reg.
51/2
NC 50
63/4
51/4
61/2
NC 40
53/4
61/4
NC 46
OD (in.)
OD (in.)
NC 38
43/4
63/4
31/2 XH
41/2
NC 35
41/4
53/4
NC 44
51/2
43/4
51/4
NC 31
31/2 Reg.
27/8 XH
33/4
NC 40
53/4
31/2 PAC
NC 38
31/2
43/4
31/4
41/2
31/2 XH
NC 35
NC 26
33/4
41/4
Reference line
Reference line
Drill Collar
84
85
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
21/2 in. ID
3.00
21/2 in. ID
Drill Collar
73/4
10
51/2 Reg.
9 3/4
NC 50
63/4
91/2
61/2
NC 70
91/4
61/4
NC 46
75/8 Reg.*
93/4
63/4
65/8 FH
83/4
53/4
81/2
51/2 IF
OD (in.)
OD (in.)
NC 44
51/2
7 H-90*
81/4
NC 61
51/4
NC 40
83/4
53/4
65/8 H-90
65/8 Reg.
7 3/4
43/4
NC 38
51/2 FH
71/2
41/2
NC 56
31/2 XH
73/4
43/4
g.
Re
50
Reference line
NC 35
1 2
5/
41/4
NC
71/4
Reference line
Drill Collar
86
87
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
2.50
3.00
111/2
2.25
213/16 in. ID
2.75
213/16 in. ID
Drill Collar
81/4
NC 61
83/4
111/4
65/8 H-90
73/4
113/4
65/8 Reg.
85/8 H-90*
71/2
51/2 FH
103/4
NC 56
1
7 /4
101/2
NC 77
85/8 Reg.*
73/4
OD (in.)
101/4
51/2 Reg.
63/4
NC 50
OD (in.)
10
61/2
93/4
61/4
75/8 H-90*
91/2
63/4
NC 70
NC 46
91/4
53/4
93/4
75/8 Reg.*
51/2
NC 44
65/8 FH
83/4
51/4
Reference line
81/2
51/2 IF
7 H-90*
NC
5 8
6/
5 8
6/
81/4
61
90
H-
g.
Re
Reference line
* On ODs where these connections are noted by a dotted line, they
must be machined with a low torque face for proper makeup. (See
page 69 for explanation of low torque face.)
Drill Collar
88
89
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
2.25
2.50
113/4
2.75
3 in. ID
3.00
3 in. ID
Drill Collar
81/2
51/2 IF
11 /2
8 /4
7 H-90
NC 61
111/4
83/4
113/4
73/4
65/8 H-90
65/8 Reg.
85/8 H-90*
103/4
71/2
51/2 FH
NC 56
101/2
NC 77
85/8 Reg.*
OD (in.)
101/4
OD (in.)
71/4
73/4
63/4
10
51/2 Reg.
NC 50
9 /4
6 /2
75/8 H-90*
91/2
61/4
NC 70
91/4
63/4
NC 46
53/4
93/4
5
7 /8 Reg.*
65/8 FH
51/2
83/4
NC
F
1 2I
5 / 90*
7 H 61
NC
Reference line
44
Reference line
81/2
Drill Collar
90
91
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
2.25
2.50
123/4
2.75
31/4 in. ID
3.00
31/4 in. ID
Drill Collar
83/4
113/4
81/2
111/2
81/4
111/4
83/4
113/4
7 3/4
51/2 IF
7 H-90*
NC 61
65/8 H-90
65/8 Reg.
85/8 H-90*
71/2
OD (in.)
103/4
OD (in.)
10 /2
51/2 FH
1
7 /4
NC 56
NC 77
85/8 Reg.*
1
73/4
10 /4
63/4
10
51/2 Reg.
65/8 IF
93/4
NC 50
61/2
75/8 H-90*
91/2
61/4
NC 70
63/4
9 /4
53/4
93/4
5
7 /8 Reg.*
65/8 FH
83/4
IF
1 2
*
5/
-90
7H 1
6
NC
Reference line
NC 46
51/2
Reference line
Drill Collar
92
93
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
2.25
2.50
113/4
2.75
31/2 in. ID
3.00
31/2 in. ID
Drill Collar
83/4
65/8 FH
111/2
81/2
111/4
81/4
51/2 IF
7 H-90*
113/4
83/4
NC 61
85/8 H-90*
103/4
7 3/4
OD (in.)
65/8 H-90
101/2
NC 77
85/8 Reg.*
51/2 FH
71/4
OD (in.)
101/4
65/8 Reg.
71/2
NC 56
73/4
10
65/8 IF
93/4
63/4
91/2
75/8 H-90*
51/2 Reg.
61/2
NC 50
NC 70
9 /4
6 /4
Reference line
93/4
75/8 Reg.*
3
8 /4
5 8
6/
FH
IF
1 2
5/
*
-90
7H 1
6
NC
Reference line
Drill Collar
94
53/4
2
21/4
21/2
213/16
51/2
51/4
71/4
31/2 H-90
53/4
2 /4
21/2
213/16
3
61/2
61/4
ID (in.)
63/4
ID (in.)
51/2
OD (in.)
73/4
OD (in.)
ID (in.)
63/4
OD (in.)
21/4
21/2
213/16
3
31/4
31/2
73/4
ID (in.)
71/4
61/2
51/4
2
21/4
21/2
5 /4
43/4
31/4
31/2
Reference line
63/4
Caution: The use of the 90 thread form on drill collar sizes less than
71/2 in. OD may result in hoop stresses high enough to cause swelled
boxes. For this reason the API 60 thread form is preferred over the
above sizes of the 90 thread form.
73/4
4 /2 H-90
2.25
61/4
63/4
2.50
61/2
71/2
5 H-90
2.75
3.00
4 H-90
73/4
OD (in.)
95
2.25
2.50
51/2 H-90
2.75
3.00
Drill Collar
63/4
H-90 Thread
60 Thread
ID (in.)
OD (in.)
61/2
2
21/4
21/2
61/4
63/4
213/16
3
31/4
53/4
51/2
Reference line
Drill Collar
96
Internal
Flush
(IF)
Full
Hole
(FH)
Extra
Hole
(XH)
(EH)
Slim
Hole
(SH)
Double
Streamline
(DSL)
Num.
Conn.
(NC)
External
Flush
(EF)
Thread
Form*
97
Drill Collar
Same As or
Interchanges
With (in.)
23/8
2.876
V-0.065
27/8 SH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 26**
27/8
3.391
V-0.065
31/2 SH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 31**
31/2
4.016
V-0.065
41/2 SH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 38**
4.834
V-0.065
41/2 XH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 46**
41/2
5.250
V-0.065
5 XH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 50**
51/2 DSL
4.280
V-0.065
41/2 DSL
(V-0.038 rad) NC 40**
27/8
3.327
V-0.065
31/2 DSL
(V-0.038 rad)
31/2
3.812
V-0.065
4 SH
(V-0.038 rad) 41/2 EF
41/2
4.834
V-0.065
4 IF
(V-0.038 rad) NC 46**
5.250
V-0.065
41/2 IF
(V-0.038 rad) NC 50**
51/2 DSL
2 /8
2.876
V-0.065
2 /8 IF
(V-0.038 rad) NC 26**
31/2
3.391
V-0.065
27/8 IF
(V-0.038 rad) NC 31**
3.812
V-0.065
31/2 XH
(V-0.038 rad) 41/2 EF
41/2
4.016
V-0.065
31/2 IF
(V-0.038 rad) NC 38**
3 /2
3.327
V-0.065
2 /8 XH
(V-0.038 rad)
41/2
4.280
V-0.065
4 FH
(V-0.038 rad) NC 40**
51/2
5.250
V-0.065
41/2 IF
(V-0.038 rad) 5 XH
NC 50**
26
2.876
V-0.038 rad
23/8 IF
27/8 SH
31
3.391
V-0.038 rad
27/8 IF
31/2 SH
38
4.016
V-0.038 rad
31/2 IF
41/2 SH
40
4.280
V-0.038 rad
4 FH
41/2 DSL
46
4.834
V-0.038 rad
4 IF
41/2 XH
50
5.250
V-0.038 rad
41/2 IF
5 XH
51/2 DSL
41/2
3.812
V-0.065
4 SH
(V-0.038 rad) 31/2 XH
Figure No. 56
V-0.038R
3 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
Figure No. 57
Drill Collar
98
Drill Collar
99
V-0.040
3 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
H-90
2 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
Thread profile gage must be marked: H-90, 31/2 TPI, 2 in. TPF
Used with:
API Reg. 23/8, 27/8, 31/2 and 41/2 in.
API FH 31/2 and 41/2 in.
Used with:
H-90, 31/2, 4, 41/2, 5, 51/2 and 65/8 in.
Figure No. 61
Figure No. 58
V-0.050
2 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
H-90
3 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
Used with:
H-90, 7, 75/8 and 85/8 in.
Figure No. 62
Figure No. 59
V-0.050
3 in. Taper Per Foot (TPF) on Diameter
Figure No. 60
Drill Collar
100
Drill Collar
Depth of
counterbore = 5/8 in.
Except PAC = 3/8 in.
101
30
To flank of first
full depth
thread (min)
Diameter of
counterbore
Pin
length
Threads
per
In.
4
4
4
5
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
4
31/2
4
31/2
4
5
5
31/2
4
31/2
4
31/2
4
4
4
4
31/2
4
4
31/2
4
4
4
31/2
4
4
4
31/2
Taper
per
In.
11/2
11/2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
Full
Depth
Thread
(in.)
21/2
21/2
31/8
31/8
31/8
35/8
41/8
35/8
37/8
37/8
35/8
37/8
41/8
41/8
45/8
43/8
45/8
43/8
41/8
45/8
45/8
47/8
45/8
47/8
47/8
51/8
51/8
51/8
51/8
51/8
55/8
55/8
51/8
53/8
61/8
61/4
51/8
51/2
65/8
63/4
Diameter
of the
Counterbore
(in.)
213/32
219/32
25/8
211/16
215/16
31/16
323/64
329/64
39/16
313/16
37/8
43/64
45/64
43/16
411/32
49/16
411/16
411/16
47/8
457/64
429/32
511/64
55/16
57/16
537/64
529/32
515/16
61/16
61/16
629/64
61/2
69/16
6 27/32
73/32
73/8
729/64
733/64
83/64
81/16
821/64
Pin end
diameter
Pin cylindrical
diameter
Taper
per Foot
(in.)
11/2
11/2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
Pin
Length
(in.)
21/4
21/4
27/8
27/8
27/8
33/8
37/8
33/8
35/8
35/8
33/8
35/8
37/8
37/8
43/8
41/8
43/8
41/8
37/8
43/8
43/8
45/8
43/8
45/8
45/8
47/8
47/8
47/8
47/8
47/8
53/8
53/8
47/8
51/8
57/8
6
47/8
51/4
63/8
61/2
31/2
4
4
31/2
31/2
3
3
3
3
3
55/8
53/8
51/2
61/4
63/4
*71/8
*73/4
*9
*8
*93/8
102
Drill Collar
SECTION FIVE
HEVI-WATET
DRILL PIPE
105
106
Figure No. 64
Figure No. 63
107
108
109
Integral blade
stabilizer
Drill collar
Hydra-shock
IB Stabilizer
(Integral Blade)
Short
drill collar
Near bit
Stabilizer
3-Point Borrox
reamer
Figure No. 65
110
111
Hevi_Wate
Drill pipe
IB stabilizer
Spiral drill collar
Hydra-Shock
IB stabilizer
(Integral Blade)
Near bit
IB stabilizer
Figure No. 66
112
Tube
Displacement
31/2xxx
6.36 .151
21.2
8.21
.195
27.4
41/2
9.48 .226
31.6
.828
11.23 .267
37.5
51/2
14.26 .340
65/8
25.01
.596
113
Capacity
Nominal
Size
(in.)
Mechanical
Properties
Tube
Section
Nominal Tube
Dimension
Nom.
Size
(in.)
ID
(in.)
41/2
23/4
Wall
Thickness
(in.)
.875
9.965
1.000
12.566
Tube
Mechanical
Properties
Tube
Section
Nominal Tube
Dimension
ID
(in.)
Wall
Thickness
(in.)
Torsional
Yield
(ft-lb)
31/2
21/4
.625
5.645
35/8
310,475
18,460
29/16
.719
7.410
41/2
41/8
407,550
27,635
41/2
23/4
.875
9.965
45/8
548,075
40,715
691,185
56,495
814,660
74,140
1.000
12.566
5 /2
51/8
51/2
33/8
1.063
14.812
511/16
65/8
41/2
1.063
18.567
71/8
63/4
Tool Joint
Mechanical
Properties
Nom.
Size
(in.)
Connection
Size
OD
ID
(in.)
(in.) (in.)
Tensile
Yield
(lb)
1,021,185 118,845
Approx.
Weight
[Including
Tube &
Joints (lb)]
Torsional
Yield
Wt/
(ft-lb)
ft
Wt/
Jt.
Makeup
Torque
(ft-lb)
23/8
675,045
17,575
23.4
721
10,000
NC 40 (4 FH) 51/4
211/16
711,475
23,525
29.9
920
13,300
4
41/2
5
45/8
548,075
40,715
51/8
691,185
56,495
Mechanical
Properties
Nom.
Size
(in.)
41/2
5
Connection
Size
OD
ID
(in.)
(in.) (in.)
Tensile
Yield
(lb)
Approx.
Weight
[Including
Tube &
Joints (lb)]
Torsional
Makeup
Yield
Wt/ Wt/Jt. Torque
(ft-lb)
ft
30 ft (ft-lb)
NC 46 (4 IF) 61/4
27/8
1,024,500
38,800
39.9
1,750
21,800
31/16
1,266,000
51,375
48.5
2,130
29,200
Nom.
Size
(in.)
5
51/2
Tool Joint
Torsional
Yield
(ft-lb)
NC 46 (4 IF) 61/4
27/8
1,024,500
38,800
41.1
1,265
21,800
31/16
1,266,000
51,375
50.1
1,543
29,200
51/2
51/2 FH
31/2
1,349,365
53,080
57.8
1,770
32,800
65/8
65/8 FH
45/8
1,490,495
73,215
71.3
2,193
45,800
114
81/4
81/2
73/4
71/2
71/4
1
7 /2
63/4
61/2
SECTION SIX
61/4
61/2
51/2
Suggested upper limit
for severe drilling conditions
31/2
4
41/2
Hevi-Wate drill pipe size (in.)
TOOL
JOINTS
Tool Joints
TOOL JOINTS
One of the primary purposes of drill pipe is to transmit drilling torque from the rotary table drive bushing and kelly to the drilling bit at the bottom of the
hole. It also provides a means whereby fluid may be
circulated for lubricating and cooling the bit and for
the removal of cuttings from the wellbore.
Drill pipe connections require different treatment than drill collar connections. Drill pipe tool
joints are much stiffer and stronger than the tube
and seldom experience bending fatigue damage in
the connection. Therefore, tool joint connections
are normally selected based on torsional strength
of the pin connection and tube and not on bending
strength ratios as in drill collar connections.
Drill collar connections differ in that they are a
sacrificial element and can never be made as strong
as the drill collar body. The repair is also different.
A drill collar connection can be renewed by cutting
off the old connection and completely remachining
a new one; whereas a drill pipe connection can only
be reworked by chasing the threads and refacing
the shoulder because of its short length. The most
common damage occurring to drill pipe tool joints
is caused by leaking fluid, careless handling, thread
wear or galling, and swelled boxes due to outside
diameter wear.
As with drill collars, the break-in of new drill pipe
tool joints is extremely important for long life. Newly
machined surfaces are more susceptible to galling
until they become work hardened. Therefore, the
connections should be chemically etched by a gallresistant coating (see page 67) to hold the thread
compound and protect the newly machined surfaces
on the initial makeup. Extra care is essential to
ensure long and trouble-free service. Thread protectors should be used while drill pipe is being picked
up, laid down, moved or stored.
Be sure to thoroughly clean all threads and
shoulders of any foreign material or protective
coating and inspect for damage before the first
makeup. If kerosene, diesel or other liquid is used,
allow sufficient drying time before applying thread
compound to the connections. When applying
thread compound, be sure to cover thoroughly the
entire surface of the threads and shoulders of both
117
118
Tool Joints
pin and box connections. It is preferable to use a
good grade of zinc thread compound that contains
no more than 0.3% sulfur. (A thread compound
containing 40 to 60% by weight of finely powdered
metallic zinc is recommended in API RP 7G.)
Proper initial makeup is probably the most
important factor effecting the life of the tool joint
connections. Here are some recommendations
to follow:
1. Proper makeup torque is determined by the
connection type, size, OD and ID, and may be
found in torque tables (see pages 130 and 131).
2. Make up connections slowly, preferably using
chain tongs. (High-speed kelly spinners or the
spinning chain used on initial makeup can
cause galling of the threads.)
3. Tong them up to the predetermined torque using
a properly working torque gage to measure the
required line pull (see page 41).
4. Stagger breaks on each trip so that each connection can be checked, redoped and made up
every second or third trip, depending on the
length of drill pipe and size of rig.
A new string of drill pipe deserves good surface
handling equipment and tools. Check slips and master bushings before damage occurs to the tube (see
the IADC Drilling Manual for correct measurement).
Do not stop the downward movement of the
drill string with the slips. This can cause crushing
or necking down of the drill pipe tube. The drill
pipe can also be damaged by allowing the slips to
ride the pipe on trips out of the hole.
Good rig practices will help eliminate time consuming trips in the future, looking for washouts
or fishing for drill pipe lost in the hole. For more
information refer to the IADC Drilling Manual.
Tool Joints
119
2
9
3
99
4
V
5
E
1 Company
2 Month welded
9 = September
3 Year welded
99 = 1999
4 Pipe manufacturers
V = Vallourec
5 Drill pipe grade
E = Grade E drill pipe
Month
Year
1 through 12
Last two digits of year
Pipe Manufacturers (Pipe Mills or Processors) Symbols
Pipe Mill
Symbol
Active
Algoma ........................................................... X
British Steel Seamless Tubes LTD ..................... B
Dalmine S.P.A. ................................................ D
Falck ............................................................... F
Kawasaki ........................................................ H
Nippon ............................................................. I
NKK ................................................................ K
Mannesmann ................................................. M
Reynolds Aluminum ...................................... RA
Sumitomo ........................................................ S
Siderca .......................................................... SD
TAMSA ............................................................ T
U.S. Steel ........................................................ N
Vallourec ......................................................... V
Used ............................................................... U
Inactive
Armco ............................................................. A
American Seamless ........................................ AI
B & W ............................................................ W
C F & I ............................................................ C
J & L Steel ........................................................ J
Lone Star ......................................................... L
Ohio ............................................................... O
Republic .......................................................... R
TI .................................................................... Z
Tool Joints
120
Tool Joints
121
Tubemuse ..................................................... TU
Voest ............................................................. VA
Wheeling Pittsburgh ........................................ P
Youngstown .................................................... Y
Processor
Symbol
Grant TFW ................................................. TFW
Omsco ....................................................... OMS
Prideco ........................................................... PI
Drill Pipe Grades and Their Symbols
Grade
Symbol
D 55
D
E 75
E
X 95
X
G 105
G
S 135
S
V 150
V
Used
U
Minimum Yield
55,000
75,000
95,000
105,000
135,000
150,000
Figure No. 67
122
Tool Joints
Tool Joints
123
41/2
41/2
51/2
51/2
65/8
2
Nominal
Weight
(lb/ft)
4.85
6.65*
6.85
10.40*
9.50
13.30*
15.50
11.85
14.00*
15.70
13.75
16.60*
20.00
22.82
24.66
25.50
16.25
19.50*
25.60
19.20
21.90*
24.70
25.20*
3
Wall
Thickness
(in.)
.190
.280
.217
.362
.254
.368
.449
.262
.330
.380
.271
.337
.430
.500
.550
.575
.296
.362
.500
.304
.361
.415
.330
4
Weight
Code
Number
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
Tool Joints
124
Tool Joints
125
(page 122)
Figure No. 69
Figure No. 71
(page 122)
(page 122)
Figure No. 70
Figure No. 72
Tool Joints
126
Heavy-Weight Grade E Drill Pipe
API After January 1, 1995
Tool Joints
127
See Note 2
(page 122)
See Note 2
(page 122)
Figure No. 74
Figure No. 73
See Note 2
(page 122)
Figure No. 75
Tool Joints
128
Standard Weight Grade G Drill Pipe
API After January 1, 1995
Tool Joints
129
See Note 2
(page 122)
See Note 2
(page 122)
Figure No. 76
Figure No. 78
See Note 2
(page 122)
Figure No. 77
See Note 2
(page 122)
Figure No. 79
Tool Joints
130
Tool Joints
131
New
Drill
Pipe
Size
(in.)
23/8
27/8
Type
Connection
(in.)
NC 26 (IF)
OH
OH
SL H-90
WO
PAC
7
2 /8 SH (NC 26)
OH
Box
OD
(in.)
33/8
31/4
31/8
31/4
33/8
27/8
33/8
33/4
Pin
ID
(in.)
13/4
13/4
2
2
2
13/8
13/4
27/16
Makeup
Torque
(ft-lb)
4,125
3,783
2,716
3,077
2,586
2,813
4,125
3,33
OH
37/8
25/32
5,26
SL H-90
37/8
27/16
4,57
SL H-90
37/8
25/32
6,77
PAC
31/8
11/2
3,44
WO
41/8
27/16
4,31
XH
41/4
17/8
7,96
NC 31 (IF)
41/8
2 1/8
7,12
NC 31 (IF)
41/8
7,91
NC 31 (IF)
43/8
15/8
10,167
41/8
21/8
7,122
SL H-90
45/8
7,59
SL H-90
45/8
211/16
11,142
OH
43/4
7,21
OH
43/4
211/16
10,387
NC 38 (WO)
43/4
NC 38 (IF)
43/4
211/16
10,864
NC 38 (IF)
29/16
12,196
NC 38 (IF)
27/16
13,328
NC 38 (IF)
21/8
15,909
NC 40 (4 FH)
51/4
29/16
NC 40 (4 FH)
53/8
27/16
NC 40 (4 FH)
51/2
21/4
SH (3 1/2 XH)
45/8
29/16
OH
51/4
315/32
13,186
OH
51/2
31/4
16,320
NC 40 (4 FH)
51/4
213/16
NC 40 (4 FH)
51/4
211/16
7,688
31/2
16,656
17,958
19,766
9,102
14,092
15,404
Note:
*1. The use of Outside Diameters (OD) smaller than those
listed in the table may be acceptable on Slim-Hole (SH)
tool joints due to special service requirements.
Box
OD
(in.)
31/4
31/16
3
231/32
1
3 /16
225/32
33/8
31/2
319/32
317/32
319/32
31/8
35/8
323/32
311/16
329/32
41/16
4
43/16
43/8
49/32
43/8
43/8
43/8
419/32
421/32
423/32
415/16
5
53/32
7
4 /16
431/32
51/32
413/16
415/16
5
5
7
5 /32
5
5 /16
57/16
515/32
59/32
59/16
55/8
55/8
515/32
53/8
59/16
55/8
513/32
519/32
525/32
523/32
529/32
523/32
513/16
515/16
67/32
57/8
61/32
63/32
63/16
69/32
621/32
623/32
615/16
617/32
65/8
625/32
71/32
Makeup
Torque
(ft-lb)
3,005
2,216
1,723
1,998
1,994
2,455
4,125
3,282
4,410
3,767
4,529
3,443
3,216
4,357
3,154
5,723
7,694
6,893
5,521
8,742
5,340
7,000
5,283
5,283
8,826
9,875
10,957
11,363
12,569
14,419
8,782
7,500
8,800
9,017
11,363
12,569
12,569
7,827
9,937
12,813
13,547
9,228
15,787
17,311
17,311
12,300
12,125
16,391
17,861
12,080
16,546
21,230
19,626
16,626
11,571
14,082
17,497
25,547
15,776
20,120
21,914
24,645
27,429
25,474
27,619
35,446
21,238
24,412
29,828
38,892
Box
OD
(in.)
33/16
31/32
231/32
231/32
3
223/32
5
3 /16
37/16
317/32
317/32
317/32
31/16
39/16
321/32
321/32
313/16
331/32
329/32
41/8
49/32
47/32
45/16
411/32
411/32
41/2
49/16
45/8
413/16
47/8
415/16
411/32
429/32
431/32
423/32
413/16
47/8
47/8
55/32
57/32
55/16
53/8
53/16
57/16
51/2
51/2
53/8
59/32
57/16
515/32
55/16
515/32
55/8
59/16
525/32
521/32
523/32
527/32
61/16
525/32
529/32
531/32
61/32
61/8
61/2
69/16
63/4
67/16
61/2
65/8
627/32
Makeup
Torque
(ft-lb)
2,467
1,967
1,481
1,998
1,500
2,055
3,558
2,794
3,752
3,767
3,770
3,427
2,500
3,664
2,804
4,597
6,500
5,726
4,491
7,107
4,600
6,000
4,786
4,786
7,274
8,300
9,348
9,017
10,179
11,363
7,342
6,200
7,500
7,300
9,017
10,179
10,179
6,476
7,827
9,937
11,363
7,147
12,813
14,288
14,288
10,375
10,066
13,523
14,214
9,937
13,554
17,311
15,787
13,239
9,955
11,571
14,933
21,018
13,239
16,626
18,346
20,127
22,818
20,205
22,294
28,737
18,146
20,205
24,412
32,031
Box
OD
(in.)
35/32
231/32
215/16
231/32
231/32
221/32
31/4
313/32
315/32
37/16
315/32
231/32
317/32
35/8
321/32
33/4
37/8
327/32
43/32
47/32
45/32
41/4
49/32
49/32
47/16
415/32
417/32
43/4
425/32
427/32
49/32
427/32
429/32
421/32
43/4
425/32
425/32
55/32
53/16
51/4
59/32
55/32
53/8
513/32
513/32
55/16
53/16
511/32
53/8
51/4
53/8
51/2
515/32
523/32
519/32
521/32
53/4
515/16
511/16
513/16
527/32
515/16
6
613/32
615/32
65/8
611/32
613/32
617/32
611/16
Makeup
Torque
(ft-lb)
2,204
1,600
1,244
1,998
1,300
1,667
3,005
2,481
3,109
2,666
3,029
2,801
2,200
3,324
2,804
3,867
5,345
4,969
3,984
6,045
3,700
4,868
3,838
3,838
6,268
6,769
7,785
7,877
8,444
9,595
6,406
5,000
6,200
6,200
7,877
8,444
8,444
6,476
7,157
8,535
9,228
6,476
11,363
12,080
12,080
8,600
8,071
11,418
12,125
8,535
11,363
14,281
13,554
11,571
8,365
9,955
12,415
17,497
10,773
14,082
14,933
17,497
19,244
17,118
19,147
24,413
15,086
17,118
21,238
26,560
132
Tool Joints
A large portion of the information found on
pages 119 through 129 was taken directly out of the
IADC Drilling Manual (eleventh edition) and the
API Spec. RP 7G (fifteenth edition). Credit should
be given to the International Association of Drilling
Contractors and the American Petroleum Institute.
Smith extends our thanks to IADC and API for
allowing us to reprint this information.
SECTION SEVEN
KELLYS
Kellys
135
KELLYS
Kellys are manufactured with one of two basic
configurations square or hexagonal.
Kelly Sizes
The size of a kelly is determined by the distance
across the drive flats (see Figure Nos. 80 and 81).
Like this
Figure No. 80
Figure No. 81
Kelly Lengths
API kellys are manufactured in two standard
lengths: (1) 40 ft (12.2 m) overall with a 37 ft
(11.3 m) working space or (2) 54 ft (16.5 m)
overall with a 51 ft (15.5 m) working space.
End Connections
Square Kellys
Top Connection
Top
OD
Bottom
Bottom
Connection
OD
API
Nom.
Size
(in.)
Std.
(LH)
(in.)
21/2
65/8 Reg.
41/2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
NC 26
33/8
65/8 Reg.
41/2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
NC 31
41/8
31/2
65/8 Reg.
41/2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
NC 38
43/4
Optional
(LH)
Std. Optional Std. (RH)
(in.)
(in.) (in.)
(in.)
41/4
65/8 Reg.
41/2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
51/4
65/8 Reg.
41/2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
**6
65/8 Reg.
73/4
Std
(in.)
NC 46
NC 50
61/8
51/2 FH
NC 56
6 5/8 FH
7
73/4
Kellys
136
Kellys
137
Hexagon Kellys
Top Connection
API
Nom.
Size
(in.)
Std.
(LH)
(in.)
65/8 Reg.
3 /2
1
4 /4
6 /8 Reg.
5
6 /8 Reg.
Top
OD
Bottom
Bottom
Connection
OD
Optional
(LH)
Std. Optional Std. (RH)
(in.)
(in.) (in.)
(in.)
Std
(in.)
41/2 Reg.
1
1
4 /2 Reg.
4 /2 Reg.
73/4
53/4
NC 26
33/8
7 /4
5 /4
NC 31
41/8
NC 38
43/4
7 /4
5 /4
51/4
65/8 Reg.
73/4
65/8 Reg.
73/4
NC 46
NC 50
61/8
51/2 FH
NC 56
Figure No. 83
Hexagon Kellys
API
Nom.
Size
(in.)
Max.
Bore
A
(in.)
Across
Flats
B
(in.)
Across
Corner
C
(in.)
Radius
R*
(in.)
Radius
Rc
(in.)
11/2
3.375
111/16
31/2
13/4
31/2
3.937
/4
131/32
4 /4
2 /4
4 /4
4.781
/16
225/64
51/4
31/4
51/4
5.900
261/64
31/2
6.812
313/32
/4
/8
/8
Figure No. 82
Square Kellys
API
Nom.
Size
(in.)
Max.
Bore
A
(in.)
Across
Flats
B
(in.)
Across
Corner
C
(in.)
21/2
11/4
21/2
3.250
/16
15/8
115/16
Radius
R*
(in.)
Radius
Rc
(in.)
1 /4
3.875
31/2
21/4
31/2
4.437
27/32
41/4
213/16
41/4
5.500
23/4
51/4
31/4
51/4
6.750
33/8
**6
7.625
13
3 /2
/8
/2
/2
/8
/4
3 /16
Kellys
138
Kellys
139
Figure No. 84
Figure No. 87
Inspection
At regular intervals, have the kellys threaded connections checked by your Drilco inspector. Remember
these connections are subject to fatigue cracks the
same as drill collar connections. Also, the drive
section and upset areas should be inspected for
cracks and wear patterns.
Kelly Saver Subs
Kelly saver subs protect the lower kelly connection
from wear caused by making and breaking the drill
pipe connection each time a joint is drilled down.
They also protect the top joint of casing against
excessive wear, if fitted with a rubber protector, as
Kellys
140
SECTION EIGHT
INSPECTION
Inspection
143
Inspection
144
Inspection
145
Figure No. 90
Particle
buildup
Figure No. 88
All connections are magnetized with DC magnetizing coils utilizing the continuous method of
particle application. The continuous method provides for magnetizing the part to be inspected at
the same time of magnetic particle application,
thus ensuring proper magnetization and superior
defect detection (see Figure No. 91). Magnetic
particles are attracted to any cracks present by
the principle shown in Figure No. 88.
Figure No. 91
Figure No. 89
Inspection
146
Using ultraviolet light, the inspectors experienced eye detects any build up of magnetic particles
in the thread roots of the pin connection (see Figure
No. 92). A magnifying mirror enables the inspector
to look into the thread roots of the box connection.
Inspection
147
As part of the inspection record, the drill collar serial number, tally length, OD and ID are noted. Also
connection size and type, field repairs made, and
number of connections inspected are recorded. Joints
requiring shop repairs are clearly marked to ensure
proper identification of the repair required (see
Figure No. 94). Tools are marked with the appropriate color paint to conform with API and/or customer
requirements. Red marking is used on cracked collars
and yellow on collars with other defects. White markings, along with the well-recognized OK Drilco,
are used to indicate acceptable equipment.
Figure No. 92
Figure No. 94
Figure No. 95
Inspection
148
Inspection
149
SHOULDER REFACING
The Smith portable, electric powered shoulder
refacing tools are designed to repair minor shoulder connection damage in the field (see Figure
No. 97). Drill collar and drill pipe shoulder faces
are smoothed with adhesive-backed emery paper,
leaving a surface that is flat and smooth. Many
connection shoulders can be repaired at the rig
when such damage would normally require costly
machine shop attention.
Caution: Throughout the entire refacing operation, the inspector should wear eye protection.
Figure No. 96
FIELD REPAIR
In addition to the inspection process, Smith field
inspectors are also highly trained in the maintenance and field repair of downhole tools. Field
repair may eliminate the costly need to ship equipment to the machine shop for repair. Trained technicians can remove minor thread and shoulder
blemishes which, if left unrepaired will cause
damage to other connections in the string.
Figure No. 97
Inspection
150
Inspection
151
Figure No. 98
Figure No. 99
Care should be taken in removing only the minimum amount of material. When making field
repairs, operators should be skilled and understand
service conditions of the product to assure proper
application of the refacing tool. It is a good practice not to remove more than 1/32 in. (0.8 mm)
from a box or pin shoulder at any refacing and not
more than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) cumulatively (see API
Recommended Practice RP 7G, current edition).
Note: Portable equipment used to repair
threaded connections in the field will not restore
the product within the tolerances of a new part.
Inspection
152
Inspection
153
Inspection
154
2. On pins without a relief-groove or turned cylindrical diameter, caliper diameter at base (see
Figure No. 105).
Inspection
155
3. To measure tapered diameter of pins with reliefgrooves or cylindrical diameters, ask someone
to hold two straight edges against threads and
caliper at shoulder as shown (see Figure No. 106).
Inspection
156
SECTION NINE
ROTATING
DRILLING HEADS
APPLICATIONS
Air and Gas Drilling
Air and gas drilling were the first applications for
rotating drilling heads. Typically, air and gas drilling are used in very hard formations and formations which are extremely fractured. Benefits of
air and gas drilling include:
Faster penetration rates, sometimes threefold to
fourfold compared to mud drilling.
159
160
161
System Components
The Smith Services rotating drilling head consists
of five major components (see Figure No. 111).
(1) (a) Bowl with integral inlet and outlet flanges
or (b) body with separate spool having inlet
and outlet flanges.
(2) Stripper rubber.
(3) Drive ring and bearing assembly .
(4) Drive bushing assembly with kelly drive
bushing and clamp.
(5) Lubricator system (not shown).
Drive bushing
Stripper rubber
Flow Drilling
Flow drilling is the process of producing the well
while drilling. You drill the producing zone underbalanced to allow flow from the formation into
the wellbore. Flow drilling is used primarily for:
Horizontal wells with fractured formations.
Preventing damage to producing formation(s).
Preventing plugging of fractures while drilling
and well completion.
Reducing drilling time and costs.
Geothermal Drilling
Geothermal drilling is where you drill into steam
producing formations thus allowing steam to flow
up the wellbore to the surface. The steam must be
diverted from the rig floor for safety. Rotating drilling heads specifically designed for geothermal drilling typically have two sealing elements (stripper
rubbers). The upper stripper rubber seals around
the kelly while drilling and the drill pipe and tool
joints when tripping in and out of the hole. The
lower stripper rubber has a larger ID to allow sealing around the larger drill stem components such
as drill collars.
Bearing assembly
Bowl
162
Stripper Rubber
The stripper rubber is either fastened to the bottom
of the drive bushing or molded integral with the
assembly. The purpose of the stripper rubber is to
provide a seal around the kelly as it is rotated and to
seal around the drill pipe while tripping in and out of
the hole. It is easily changed by opening the clamp
and lifting the drive bushing assembly (and stripper
rubber) out of the bowl. Stripper rubbers are available in different elastomer compounds for the various drilling environments such as high temperatures
and oil-base muds.
Stripper Rubber Elastomer Compound Selection
Oil-Base
Mud
Below
140F
Oil-Base
Mud
Above
140F
Steam
or Hot
Water
Poor
Fair
Compound
Type
Air
Cold
Water
Natural
rubber
Good
Best
Poor
Butyl
Good
Good
Poor
Poor
Best
Urethane
Best
Good
Best
Poor
Poor
Nitrile
Good
Good
Good
Best
Poor
163
SPECIFICATIONS
Standard Rotating Drilling Heads
DHS 1400 Drilling Head: The drive bushing and
stripper rubber are retrievable through a 171/2 in.
rotary. The sealed bearing assembly is retrievable
through a 221/2 in. rotary table. It can be used
with single or dual rotating stripper rubbers. The
hydraulic accumulator operates on rig air supply.
Model DHS 1400 Drilling Head
Maximum speed ................................ 100 rpm
Through bore of wellhead adapter assembly
11 in. - 3/5,000 ............................... 111/4 in.
135/8 in. - 5,000 .............................. 135/8 in.
Through bore standard ................................ 14
Overall heights
Std. 135/8 in. - 3/5,000 inlet spool
with no outlet ................................ 341/2
Std. 135/8 in. - 5,000 inlet
with 71/16 in. - 2/3,000 outlet .......... 501/4
Std. 11 in. - 3/5,000 inlet
with 71/16 in. - 2/3,000 outlet .......... 501/4
Short 135/8 in. - 5,000 inlet
with 71/16 in. - 2/3,000 outlet ......... 421/16
Short 135/8 in. - 5,000 inlet
with 7 in. casing thread outlet ........ 403/4
Short 11 in. - 3/5,000 inlet
with 7 in. casing thread outlet ........ 393/4
Short 11 in. - 3/5,000 inlet
with 71/16 in. - 2/3,000 outlet .......... 393/4
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
164
165
Height
Lower
Flange
(in.)
Maximum
Bore
(in.)
Side
Outlet
(in.)
w/Stand.
Bushing
(in.)
w/Short
Bushing
(in.)
11 - 3,000/5,000
Combination
111/4
71/16 - 2,000
36
297/8
11
11 - 3,000/5,000
Shorty Combination
113/4
7 Threaded
(Male)
14
71/16 - 2,000
Size
(in.)
11
135/8
135/8
135/8 - 3,000
135/8 - 5,000
135/8
9 - 2,000
243/4
36
38
297/8
317/8
Notes:
1. Kelly bushings are available in 31/2 in. hex or square, 41/4 in.
hex or square, and 51/4 in. hex only.
2. Stripper rubbers are available in 27/8, 31/2, 41/2, 5 and 51/2 in.
(Stationary casing stripper rubbers from 65/8 through 103/4
in. on special order.) Other sizes available upon request.
Lower Flange
(in.)
Maximum
Bore
(in.)
71/16
71/16 - 2,000/3,000/5,000
71/16
Side Outlet
(in.)
Height
(in.)
Notes:
1. Kelly bushings are available in 31/2 in. hex or square.
2. Stripper rubbers are available in 23/8, 27/8 and 31/2 in. (Special
stripper rubbers for wireline service, are available upon request.)
Model 8068
Height
Size
(in.)
Lower
Flange
(in.)
Maximum
Bore
(in.)
Side
Outlet
(in.)
w/Stand.
Bushing
(in.)
w/Short
Bushing
(in.)
163/4
163/4 - 2,000
163/4
9 - 3,000
423/4
365/8
203/4
9 - 3,000
423/4
365/8
None*
28 /32
None**
25 /4
195/8
30 - 36
None*
269/32
None**
253/4
195/8
166
167
168
169
Bolts
Old Nominal
Size and Series
Service
(in.)
OD
(in.)
Thickness
(in.)
Dia. Bolt
Circle
(in.)
71/16 x 2,000
6 x 600
14
23/16
71/16 x 3,000
6 x 900
15
71/16 x 5,000
6 x 1,500
71/16 x 10,000
API Ring
Bolt
Quantity
Bolt
Dia.
(in.)
Bolt
Length
(in.)
Ring No.
12
45
111/2
12
11/8
45
21/2
121/2
12
13/8
103/4
46
151/2
35/8
121/2
12
11/2
111/4
BX 156
187/8
41/16
157/8
12
11/8
49
49
9 x 2,000
8 x 600
161/2
21/2
133/4
12
13/8
9 x 3,000
8 x 900
181/2
213/16
151/2
12
15/8
12
50
9 x 5,000
8 x 1,500
19
41/16
151/2
16
11/2
13
BX 157
213/4
47/8
183/4
16
11/4
83/4
53
11 x 2,000
10 x 600
20
213/16
17
16
13/8
91/2
53
11 x 3,000
10 x 900
211/2
31/16
181/2
12
17/8
133/4
54
11 x 5,000
10 x 1,500
23
411/16
19
12
161/2
91
10 x 2,900
203/4
511/16
163/4
16
13/4
15
BX 158
253/4
59/16
221/4
20
11/4
57
22
215/16
191/4
20
13/8
101/4
57
9 x 10,000
11 x 10,000
135/8 x 2,000
12 x 600
135/8 x 3,000
12 x 900
24
37/16
21
16
15/8
121/2
BX 160
135/8 x 5,000
261/2
47/16
231/4
20
17/8
171/4
BX 159
135/8 x 10,000
301/4
65/8
261/2
20
11/2
101/4
65
163/4 x 2,000
16 x 600
27
35/16
233/4
20
15/8
113/4
66
163/4 x 3,000
16 x 900
273/4
315/16
241/4
16
17/8
141/2
BX 162
163/4 x 5,000
303/8
51/8
265/8
24
17/8
171/2
BX 162
163/4 x 10,000
345/16
65/8
309/16
24
15/8
113/4
73
211/4 x 2,000
20 x 600
32
37/8
281/2
20
141/2
74
203/4 x 3,000
20 x 900
333/4
43/4
291/2
24
183/4
BX 165
24
21/2
241/2
BX 165
211/4 x 5,000
39
71/8
347/8
211/4 x 10,000
45
91/2
401/4
170
Notes
10
SECTION TEN
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
Additional Information
Maximum Permissible Doglegs in Rotary
Boreholes by Arthur Lubinski, Publication No. 55,
February 1960. This paper presents means for specifying maximum permissible changes of hole angle
to ensure a trouble-free hole.
What You Should Know About Kellys by Doyle
W. Brinegar, Publication No. 81 (reprinted from Oil
& Gas Journal, May 1977). This article answers a
number of questions pertaining to kellys, including: why kellys become unusable, the effects of
manufacture on kelly performance, interpreting
drive edge wear patterns and kelly repair.
Qualified Inspectors: The Key to Maximum Drill
Collar Life by W.R. Garrett, Publication No. 82
(reprinted from World Oil, March 1977) explains
the importance of inspection services, in terms of
obtaining the maximum amount of trouble-free
service out of a drill collar before needing repair.
Down-Hole Failure of Drilling Tools by
B.P. Faas, Publication No. 32 (reprinted from
Drilling Contractor, May and June 1970). In this
article, the author summarizes a study conducted
by Standard Oil Co. which examines the cause
of downhole drilling equipment failures. This
detailed examination attempts to determine if
there are any deficiencies in steel or fabrication
procedures which could be corrected so that the
likelihood of additional failures could be reduced.
Drill Pipe Fatigue Failure by H.M. Rollins,
Publication No. 34 (reprinted from Oil & Gas Journal,
April 1966). The author in the article explains the
nature of drill pipe failure, and identifies seven steps
that can be taken to minimize fatigue damage.
Drill Stem Failures Due to H2S by H.M. Rollins,
Publication No. 52 (reprinted from Oil & Gas
Journal, January 1966), discusses the results of
many investigations involving tubing failures,
talks about drill pipe failures specifically and recommends practices that help to cope with H2S.
Straight Hole Drilling by H.M. Rollins,
Publication No. 18 (reprinted from World Oil,
March and April 1963), covers Why Holes Go
Crooked and what you can do to prevent excessive hole angle build-up.
173
174
Additional Information
How to Drill a Usable Hole by Gerald E. Wilson,
Publication No. 39 (reprinted from World Oil,
September 1976). This brochure of pictures and
examples explains how to control hole deviation,
reasons holes become crooked and problems that
can result.
Drilling Straight Holes in Crooked Hole
Country Publication No. 59. These tables will
permit you to predict the effect on hole inclination, changes in weight, drill collar size and the
use of stabilizers.
Using Large Drill Collars Successfully by Doyle
Brinegar and Sam Crews, Publication No. 21
(reprinted from Journal of Petroleum Technology,
August 1970). Article discusses use of large drill
collars in the 9 to 11 in. size range.
How to Bridge Drill Pipes Zone of Destruction
by Charlie Miller, Publication No. 72 (reprinted
from Drilling DCW Magazine, June 1973). The
author explains the major causes of twistoffs and
washouts in the drill string, and offers solutions
for correcting the problem namely Drilcos
Hevi-Wate drill pipe.
Heavy-Wall Drill Pipe A Key Member of the Drill
Stem by Morris E. Rowe, Publication No. 45,
September 1976, discusses currently available
drilling technologies utilizing heavy-wall drill pipe,
and attempts to solve fatigue failure problems.
Bit Stabilization Effective Method to Prolong Bit
Life by G.M. Purswell, Publication No. 50 (reprinted
from Oilweek, December 1967), recognizes that bit
stabilization is an effective method for prolonging
rock bit life and obtaining greater penetration rates.
Purswell points out that stabilization forces the bit
to rotate around its own center. Numerous configurations of semi-packed or packed bottom-hole
assemblies are reviewed and discussed as to their
application for bit stabilization.
How to Select Bottom Hole Drilling Assemblies
by Gerald E. Wilson, Publication No. 62 (reprinted
from Petroleum Engineer, April 1979), identifies
and compares a number of bottom-hole assemblies
that can be used when drilling in crooked hole areas.
The primary factor affecting selection of the assembly is the crooked hole tendencies of the formations
to be penetrated.
Additional Information
Predicting Bottomhole Assembly Performance
by J.S. Williamson and A. Lubinski, Publication
No. 98 (reprinted IADC/SPE 14764 from IADC/SPE
Drilling Conference, February 1986). This paper discusses a computer program for the prediction of
bottom-hole assembly performance. Input parameters include: formation dip, hole and collar size,
stabilizer spacing, etc. Output may be hole curvature, hole angle or WOB.
An Engineering Approach to Stabilization
Selection by G.K. McKown and J.S. Williamson,
Publication No. 99 (reprinted IADC/SPE 14766
from IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, February
1986). This paper discusses a means of selecting
stabilizers based on applications and drilling conditions. Experimental wear data and computer
analyses of the effects of stabilizer design on
bottom-hole assembly performance are offered.
Degassing of Drilling Fluids by Walter E.
Liljestrand, Publication No. 43 (reprinted from
Oil & Gas Journal, February 1980). The purpose
of this paper is to broadly cover the subject of
degassing. It outlines the problems and discusses
the steps that must be taken to remove the gas.
There are several ways to take each step because
there are different types of degassers shown, yet
each can do the job. Some examples of mud
problems are also shown.
A Users Guide to Drill String Hardfacing by
J. Steve Williamson and Jim B. Bolton, Publication
No. 100 (reprinted from Petroleum Engineering
International, September 1983). This paper discusses drill string hardfacings, welding processes
and important metallurgical variables involved. The
importance of proper tungsten carbide selection is
emphasized. Experimental results are discussed
for casing wear by hardfacings and for hardfacing
wear resistance. Guidelines are given for hardfacing selection based on tests and field experience.
175
176
Additional Information
What is the Condition of Your Downhole
Tools and How Are They Being Repaired
by Doyle W. Brinegar, Publication No. DR - 1009
(reprinted from SPE/IADC No. 18702 presented at
the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, March 1989).
This paper discusses the repair and reuse of downhole drilling equipment, along with inspection
methods. One of the objectives of this paper is to
review repair methods that are used to increase the
life of downhole tools. Particular attention is paid
to welding procedures.
Drill String Design Optimization for HighAngle Wells by George K. McKown, Publication
No. DR-1002 (reprinted from SPE/IADC Drilling
Conference, March 1989). This paper discusses
drill string design for high-angle wells and how to
optimize for all the required functions of the drill
string. Practical considerations for drill string design
for high-angle wells and systematic approaches to
the design process are presented.
When ordering publications from Smith, please
indicate the publication number you are interested
in and address your request to:
Smith International
Reader Service Dept.
P.O. Box 60068
Houston, TX 77205-0068
Or call your Smith representative.
11
SECTION ELEVEN
INDEX
Index
179
Index
Introduction .................................................
i
Table of contents .......................................... ii
Letter from operations .................................. iii
How to use this handbook ............................ iv
A
ANGLE
How to control hole angle ........................ 8
Rate of hole angle .................................... 5
Total hole angle ........................................ 5
ANTI-GALL
Anti-gall protection of connections ............ 67
ASSEMBLIES
Bottom-hole assemblies ............................ 1
Packed hole assembly - length of
tool assembly ........................................ 10
B
BENDING STRENGTH RATIO
Guides for evaluating drill collar OD,
ID and connection combinations ...........
BHA
Bottom-hole assemblies ............................
Conclusion ...............................................
Downhole vibrations ................................
Factors to consider when designing
a packed hole assembly ........................
How to control hole angle ........................
Improve hole opener performance
by using a vibration dampener
and stabilizers ...................................
Minimum permissible bottom-hole
drill collar outside diameter formula ......
Packed hole assembly - clearance
between wall of hole and stabilizers ......
Packed hole assembly - length of
tool assembly ........................................
Packed hole assembly - medium
crooked hole country ............................
Packed hole assembly - mild crooked
hole country .........................................
Packed hole assembly - mild, medium
and severe crooked hole country ...........
Packed hole assembly - severe crooked
hole country .........................................
Packed hole assembly - stiffness of
drill collars ...........................................
78
1
22
22
10
8
23
4
11
10
13
12
14
14
11
Index
180
BHA continued
Packed hole assembly - wall
support and length of contact tool ......... 12
Packed hole theory ................................... 9
Packed pendulum ..................................... 20
Pendulum theory ...................................... 8
Problems associated with doglegs
and key seats ........................................ 6
Rate of hole angle change ......................... 5
Reduced bit weights ................................. 21
Stabilizing tools ........................................ 15
Total hole angle ........................................ 5
BIT
Bit stabilization - angular misalignment .... 32
Bit stabilization - parallel misalignment ..... 32
Bit stabilization pays off ........................... 31
Stabilization improves bit performance ..... 31
using Hevi-Wate drill pipe for bit
weight on small rigs .......................... 106
BOX
Dimensional identification of drill
collar box connections .......................... 100
BREAK IN
How to break in a new kelly ..................... 137
BUOYANCY
Buoyancy effect of drill collars in mud ...... 70
C
CAPACITY
Capacity and displacement table Hevi-Wate drill pipe ..............................
COLLARS
Hookups used to make up drill
collar connections .................................
Packed hole assembly - stiffness of
drill collars ...........................................
Stress Relief ..............................................
CONNECTIONS
Anti-gall protection ...................................
Dimensional identification of
box connections ....................................
Dimensional identification of
pin connections ....................................
Drill pipe and drill collar safety factor tension, compression and neutral zone ..
Facts about cold working ..........................
Guides for evaluating drill collar OD,
ID and connection combinations ...........
Using the connection selection charts .......
112
43
11
68
67
100
101
71
66
78
78
Index
CONNECTIONS continued
Preventing pin and box gailures in
downhole tools ..................................... 76
Rotary shouldered connection
interchange list ..................................... 96
Torque chart drill pipe tool joint
recommended minimums ...................... 130
CROOKED HOLES
Medium and severe crooked hole country
in hard to medium-hard formations ....... 19
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in hard to
medium-hard formations .................... 17
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in medium-hard to
soft formations .................................. 19
Packed hole assembly - medium
crooked hole country ............................ 13
Packed hole assembly - mild
crooked hole country ............................ 12
Packed hole assembly - mild, medium
and severe crooked hole country ........... 14
Packed hole assembly - severe
crooked hole country ............................ 14
D
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
Differential pressure sticking of
drill pipe and drill collars ...................... 27
DIMENSIONAL DATA
Hexagon kellys ......................................... 136
Square kellys ............................................ 136
DOGLEGS
Problems associated with doglegs
and key seats ........................................ 6
DOWNHOLE TOOLS
Preventing pin and box failures in
downhole tools ..................................... 76
DRILL COLLAR
Anti-gall protection ................................... 67
Automatic torque control system ............... 51
Buoyancy effects of drill collars in mud ..... 70
Drill collar care and maintenance ............. 37
Minimum permissible bottom-hole drill
collar outside diameter formula ............. 4
Pipe - drill pipe - drill collar safety factor tension, compression, neutral zone ........ 71
181
182
Index
DRILL COLLARS continued
Dimensional identification of
box connections .................................... 100
Dimensional identification of
pin connections .................................... 101
Drill collar weights [kg/m] ....................... 75
Drill collar weights [lb/ft] ......................... 73
Ezy-Torq hydraulic cathead ....................... 52
Facts about cold working .......................... 66
Guides for evaluating drill collar OD,
ID and connection combinations ........... 78
How to figure the drill collar makeup
torque needed ....................................... 41
Hookups used to make up drill
collar connections ................................. 43
How to apply and measure
makeup torque ...................................... 51
How does the ATCS help .......................... 52
How to use the connection
selection charts ..................................... 78
Hydraulic line pull devices ........................ 52
Hydraulic load cells .................................. 51
Drill collar failures .................................... 77
Know field shop work .............................. 66
Low torque faces ...................................... 69
Oilfield thread forms ................................ 97
Picking up drill collars .............................. 38
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [ft-lb] ............................ 54
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [kg-m] .......................... 58
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [Nm] ........................... 62
Refacing a drill collar shoulder .................. 149
Rig catheads ............................................. 51
Rig maintenance ...................................... 41
Slip and elevator recesses ......................... 69
Special drill collars ................................... 68
Stress relief .............................................. 68
Torque Control ......................................... 39
Weight of 31 ft drill collar [lb] ................... 72
Weight of 9.4 m drill collar [kg] ................ 74
DRILL PIPE
Capacity and displacement table Hevi-Wate drill pipe .............................. 112
Dimensional data - range II
Hevi-Wate drill pipe .............................. 112
Dimensional data - range III
Hevi-Wate drill pipe ............................... 113
Index
DRILL PIPE continued
Dimensional identification heavy-weight grade E drill pipe ............. 124
Dimensional identification heavy-weight grade E drill pipe ............. 126
Dimensional identification heavy-weight grade G drill pipe ............. 128
Dimensional identification heavy-weight grade S drill pipe .............. 129
Dimensional identification heavy-weight grade X drill pipe ............. 127
Dimensional identification heavy-weight, high-strength drill pipe .... 125
Dimensional identification standard weight grade E drill pipe ......... 124
Dimensional identification standard weight grade G drill pipe ......... 128
Dimensional identification standard weight grade S drill pipe ......... 129
Dimensional identification standard weight grade X drill pipe ......... 127
Dimensional identification standard weight, high-strength
drill pipe ........................................... 125
Pipe mill codes to be stencilled at
base of pin ............................................ 119
Pipe weight code ...................................... 123
Recommended identification groove
and marking of drill pipe ....................... 122
Recommended practice for marking on
tool joints for identification of drill
string components ............................. 119
Tapered drill Strings .................................. 113
Tool joints ................................................ 117
Torque chart drill pipe tool joint
recommended minimums ...................... 130
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe for
bit weight on small rigs ......................... 106
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe in
directional drilling ................................. 110
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe in
the transition zone between the
drill collars and drill pipe ................... 107
What is Hevi-Wate drill pipe ..................... 105
Straight hole drilling ................................. 2
F
FIELD INSPECTION
Systematic field inspection ........................ 143
183
Index
184
FORMATIONS
Medium and severe crooked hole
country in hard to mediumhard formations ................................. 19
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in hard to mediumhard formations ................................. 17
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in medium-hard
to soft formations .............................. 19
G
GRADE CODE
Pipe grade codes to be stencilled
at base of tool joint pin ......................... 120
H
HEVI-WATE DRILL PIPE
Capacity and displacement table range II Hevi-Wate drill pipe .................. 112
Dimensional data - range III
Hevi-Wate drill pipe .............................. 113
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe for bit
weight on small rigs .............................. 106
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe in
directional drilling ................................. 110
Using Hevi-Wate drill pipe in the
transition zone between the
drill collars and the drill pipe ............. 107
What is Hevi-Wate drill pipe ..................... 105
HEXAGON KELLYS
Dimensional data ..................................... 136
HOLE
How to control hole angle ........................ 8
Rate of hole angle change ......................... 5
Total hole angle ........................................ 5
I
IDENTIFICATION
Dimensional identification heavy-weight, grade E drill pipe ............ 124
Dimensional identification heavy-weight, high-strength drill pipe .... 125
Dimensional identification standard weight, grade E drill pipe ........ 124
Dimensional identification standard weight, high-strength
drill pipe ........................................... 125
Index
IDENTIFICATION continued
Pipe grade codes to be stencilled at
base of tool joint pin ............................. 120
Pipe mill codes to be stencilled at
base of tool joint pin ............................. 119
Recommended identification groove
and marking of drill pipe ....................... 122
Recommended practice for marking
on tool joints for identification of
drill string components ...................... 119
IDENTIFIER
How to use the tool joint identifier ........... 152
INFORMATION
Additional technical information ............... 173
INSPECTION
International inspection services ............... 155
Systematic field inspection ........................ 143
INTERCHANGE LIST
Rotary shouldered connection
interchange list ..................................... 96
K
KELLYS
Hexagon kellys - dimensional data ............ 136
How to break in a new kelly ..................... 137
New kellys - measurements ...................... 136
Square kellys - dimensional data ............... 136
What can you do with that old kelly ......... 140
KEY SEATS
Problems associated with doglegs
and key seats ........................................ 6
M
MAINTENANCE
Drill collar care and maintenance ............. 37
If you have an epidemic of drill
collar failures that you can't explain ...... 77
Know field shop work .............................. 66
Preventing pin and box failures in
downhole tools ..................................... 76
Refacing a drill collar shoulder .................. 149
Rig maintenance of drill collars ................. 41
Systematic field inspection ........................ 143
MAKEUP
Automatic torque control system ............... 51
Ezy-Torq hydraulic cathead ....................... 52
How to figure the drill collar
makeup torque needed .......................... 41
185
Index
186
MAKEUP continued
Hookups used to make up
drill collar connections .......................... 43
How to apply and measure
makeup torque ...................................... 51
How does the ATCS help .......................... 52
Hydraulic line pull devices ........................ 52
Hydraulic load cells .................................. 51
Initial makeup of new drill collars ............. 39
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [ft-lb] ............................ 54
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [kg-m] .......................... 58
Recommended minimum drill collar
makeup torque [Nm]............................ 62
Rig Catheads ............................................ 51
Recommended identification groove
and marking of drill pipe ..................... 122
Recommended practice for marking on
tool joints for identification of
drill string components ...................... 119
MATERIAL
Material and welding precautions for
downhole tools ..................................... 102
MEASUREMENTS
New kelly measurements .......................... 136
MILL CODES
Pipe mill codes to be stencilled at
base of tool joint pin ............................. 119
P
PACKED HOLE ASSEMBLY
Clearance between wall of hole
and stabilizers .......................................
Considerations when designing a
packed hole assembly ..........................
Length of tool assembly ............................
Medium crooked hole country ..................
Mild crooked hole country ........................
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country .........................................
Severe crooked hole country .....................
Stiffness of drill collars .............................
Wall support and length of
contact tool ...........................................
PACKED HOLE THEORY ......................................
PACKED PENDULUM ..........................................
PARALLEL MISALIGNMENT
Bit stabilization - parallel misalignment .....
PENDULUM THEORY ..........................................
11
10
10
13
12
14
14
11
12
9
20
32
8
Index
PIN
Dimensional identification of drill collar
pin connections .................................... 101
PUBLICATIONS
Additional technical information ............... 173
R
REFACING
Refacing a drill collar shoulder .................. 149
ROTATING DRILLING HEADS
Air drilling ............................................... 159
API ring joint flange data .......................... 168
Applications ............................................. 159
Body assembly ......................................... 161
Bowl assembly ......................................... 161
Drive bushing assembly ............................ 162
Drive ring and bearing assembly ............... 162
Flow drilling ............................................. 160
Gas drilling .............................................. 159
Geothermal drilling .................................. 160
Geothermal model .................................... 166
Lubricator system ..................................... 162
Model 7068 .............................................. 164
Model 7368 .............................................. 164
Model 8068 .............................................. 165
Model DHS 1400 ...................................... 163
Model RDH 2500 - high-pressure
drilling head ......................................... 166
Stack alignment ........................................ 167
Standard heads ........................................ 163
Stripper rRubber ....................................... 162
System components .................................. 161
Underbalanced drilling ............................. 160
RSC
Rotary shouldered connection
interchange list ..................................... 96
S
SERVICES
International inspection services ............... 156
SHOCK ABSORBERS
Downhole vibrations ................................ 22
Improve hole opener performance
using a vibration dampener
and stabilizers ................................ 23
SHOP WORK
Know field shop work .............................. 66
SHOULDER REFACING
Refacing a drill collar shoulder .................. 149
187
Index
188
SLIP
Slip and elevator recesses on
drill collars ........................................... 69
SPIRAL
Spiral drill collars ..................................... 68
SQUARE KELLY
Dimensional data ..................................... 136
STABILIZATION
Bit stabilization - angular misalignment .... 32
Bit stabilization - parallel misalignment ..... 32
Bit stabilization pays off ........................... 31
Bottom-hole assemblies - stabilization ....... 15
medium and severe crooked hole
country in hard to mediumhard formations .............................. 19
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in hard to
medium-hard formations .................... 17
Mild, medium and severe crooked
hole country in medium-hard
to soft formations .............................. 19
Stabilization improves bit performance ..... 31
Packed hole assembly - clearance
between wall of hole and stabilizers ...... 11
STIFFNESS
Packed hole assembly - stiffness
of drill collars ....................................... 11
STRAIGHT HOLE DRILLING .................................. 2
STRESS RELIEF
Stress relief of drill collar connections ....... 68
SYSTEMATIC FIELD INSPECTION ............................ 143
T
TAPERED DRILL STRINGS .................................... 113
TENSION
Drill pipe and drill collar safety factor tension, compression and neutral zone .. 71
THREAD FORMS
Oilfield thread forms ................................ 97
TOOL JOINT IDENTIFIER .................................... 153
TOOL JOINTS ................................................... 117
Dimensional identification heavy-weight, grade E drill pipe ............ 124
Dimensional identification heavy-weight, high-strength drill pipe .... 125
Dimensional identification standard weight, grade E drill pipe ........ 124
Dimensional identification - standard
weight, high-strength drill pipe ................. 125
Pipe grade codes to be stencilled at
base of tool joint pin .......................... 120
Index
189
V
VIBRATION DAMPENERS
Downhole vibrations ................................ 22
Improve hole opener performance using
a vibration dampener and stabilizers ..... 23
W
WEIGHTS
Drill collar weight [kg/m] .........................
Drill collar weight [lb/ft] ..........................
Weight of 31 ft drill collar [lb] ...................
Weight of 9.4 m drill collar [kg] ................
75
73
72
74
Index
190
Notes