The Four Principles: Estimated Duration: 4 Months

The Four Principles
By Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahhaab
Study Guide
Estimated duration: 4 months
MEMORISE UNDERSTAND TEST YOURSELF

You will need Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaans explanation
of the book, published by Salafi Publications in English.
You are expected to stick to the words of the Imaam Ibn Abdil Wahhaab (the author) rahimahullaah
and Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan (the explainer) rahimahullaah throughout, using their exact wordings.
Contents
Introductory words
page 3
Summary diagram
page 4
Progress chart
page 5
Weekly Study Plans
page 6
Introduction
Haneefiyyah
The Purification of Tawheed
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3-4
page 6
page 8
page 10
First Principle
Second Principle
Third Principle
Fourth Principle
Week 5
Week 6-8
Week 9-14
Week 15
page 14
page 16
page 22
page 36
Test
Week 16
page 38
Text of The Four Principles (Arabic & English)
Study Guide: The Four Principles
Page 2
page 42
Contents - SalafiPublications.com
Introductory words
Why study this book?
The Four Principles is a short text about tawheed and shirk written by the great reviver of Islaam,
Shaykh ul Islaam Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahhaab, rahimahullaah, which teaches us about some of
the most important issues of aqeedah (creed and belief) that the Muslim must acquaint themselves
with. It is a book full of proofs from the Quraan and the Sunnah, a text that is short in wording yet
vast in meaning and a vital resource for the muwahhid (person of tawheed) who seeks success in the
Hereafter for himself and for others.
For this reason, the scholars of ahl us sunnah wal jamaaah have paid great attention to this book,
both studying it and teaching it.
What is in this Study Guide?

This study guide takes you through the text of The Four Principles by Muhammad ibn Abdil
Wahhaab. It consists of 16 units and has been designed such that one unit can be done in one
week; however the student can go at whatever pace suits him or her. Whatever the pace of
studying, it is important to be consistent and realistic.
Before starting to use this study guide, the student is advised to:
1) Print off the study guide in a double sided format (i.e. two pages of the study guide on each piece
of A4, with one page on each side) , as this will lay out each weekly unit on a double-page spread.
2) Acquire a translation of Shaykh al Fawzaans explanation of The Four Principles published by
Salafi Publications. There is a free download of a similar document available on the website
www.salafipublications.com.
For each weekly unit you will be expected to carry out 5 steps:
Write out a section of Arabic text to memorise which can be taken from the back of the book.
This helps to improve Arabic writing skills. The full Arabic text of the book is at the end of the
Study Guide.
Read and memorise it.
Understand the translation well.1

Read the explanation of the book by Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan. It has been published in
English (by Salafi Publications), and is also available to download for free on
www.salafipublications.com.
Answer questions on the explanation.
In some units you will be asked revision questions.

At the end, you will be expected to do a test. This is to test your memorisation of the text.
Advice
Anyone intending to take on a course of study is advised to look into the topic of the method of
seeking knowledge. There are various lectures, books and articles by the scholars that have been
translated into English. Please ask at the Salafi Bookstore, or browse www.salafipublications.com.
Umm Zaynab Aalia bint Ehsanullah.
The author of this Study Guide
1
The translation used in this Study Guide has been, for the most part, taken from that of Aboo Naasir Abid bin Basheer
Zargar, published by Salafi Publications.
Page 3
Introductory words - SalafiPublications.com
Summary Diagram
3 signs of happiness
1. patient
when tested
HANEEFIYYAH
= religion of
Ibraaheem
2. grateful
when given
3. seek forgiveness
when sin
= to worship Allaah making

the religion purely for Him
Allaah created us to worship Him
Dhaariyaat 51:56
Worship needs tawheed

Shirk nullifies actions E Hellfire
Nisaa 4:116
1st PRINCIPLE
MUSHRIKS AFFIRMED TAWHEED UR-RUBOOBEEYAH

but this did not make them Muslim
2nd PRINCIPLE
Yunus 10:31
MUSHRIKS CALLED UPON OTHER THAN ALLAAH

and gave 2 excuses for this
seeking nearness
intercession
Zumar 39:3
Yunus 10:18
2 types of intercession
prohibited
affirmed
Baqarah 2:254
3rd PRINCIPLE
Baqarah 2:255
PEOPLE WORSHIPPED DIFFERENT THINGS

but all these people were fought
sun & moon

Fussilat 41:37
4th PRINCIPLE
angels
prophets
Imraan 3:80
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees

Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
MUSHRIKS NOW ARE WORSE THAN THOSE MUSHRIKS

shirk at times of ease & difficulty
Page 4
shirk only at times of ease

Ankaboot 29:65
Summary Diagram - SalafiPublications.com
Progress Chart
You can use this chart to set your weekly targets or to tick off the lessons as you
complete them.
Week 1
Introduction
Week 2
Haneefiyyah
Week 3
Tawheed Purification
Week 4
Tawheed Purification
Week 5
Principle 1
Week 6
Principle 2 (1/3)
Week 7
Principle 2 (2/3)
Week 8
Principle 2 (3/3)
Week 9
Principle 3 (1/6)
Week 10
Principle 3 (2/6)
Week 11
Principle 3 (3/6)
Week 12
Principle 3 (4/6)
Week 13
Principle 3 (5/6)
Week 14
Principle 3 (6/6)
Week 15
Principle 4
Week 16
Revision & Test
Page 5
Progress Chart - SalafiPublications.com
Week 1
Introduction
Summary Diagram
1. patient
when tested
HANEEFIYYAH
= religion of
Ibraaheem
2. grateful
when given
3. seek forgiveness
when sin

Text to memorise
Please write the Arabic on top of the English translation (below), using the Arabic text at the back of the
Study Guide (page 43). Memorise the Arabic, its translation in English, and all references.
In the Name of Allaah, The Extremely Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.
I ask Allaah, the Most Generous, the Lord of the Tremendous Throne,
to protect you in this world and the Hereafter,
and to bless you wherever you are,
and to make you from those who are grateful when they are given,
patient when they are tested and those who seek forgiveness when they sin.
For verily, those are the three signs of happiness.
Page 6
Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com
Questions
Take your answers directly from the explanation by Shaykh Al-Fawzaan

rahimahullaah. You can copy his words exactly to answer these questions.
1. What is the meaning of qaaidah?
2. Summarise, in a few words, the general meaning of these four principles.
3. What are the sources from which we take knowledge and understanding of
tawheed and shirk?
4. Give two reasons why knowledge of tawheed and shirk is more important than
knowledge of the rulings of salaah, zakaah, etc.
5. When Allaah supports you, then He takes you out of darkness into the light,
as mentioned in aayah 257 of Soorah Al-Baqarah. What is the meaning of
darkness here? What is the meaning of light?
6. With what does Allaah support His believing slave in this world?
7. With what does Allaah support His believing slave in the Hereafter?
8. What are the 3 marks of happiness mentioned in the text?
9. What is the evidence that for the one who is grateful then Allaah will increase
their bounty?
10. Whom does Allaah test the most?
11. When the hypocrite is tested, then how does he respond?
12. Are any of us free from sin?
13. If someone thinks that, There is no forgiveness for me, then where may this
thought have come from?
Page 7
Week 2
Haneefiyyah
Summary Diagram
1. patient
when tested
HANEEFIYYAH
= religion of
Ibraaheem
2. grateful
when given
3. seek forgiveness
when sin

Dhaariyaat 51:56

Shirk nullifies actions < Hellfire
Nisaa 4:116
Text to memorise
Please write in the Arabic on top of the translation. Use the Arabic at the back of the book.
Know, may Allaah guide you to obeying Him,
that Haneefiyyah is the religion of Ibraaheem:
It is that you worship Allaah making the religion purely for Him,
as He said:
And I have not created the jinn and mankind except to worship Me (Alone).
Adh-Dhaariyaat [51]: 56
Page 8
Questions
1. Which duaa does the author (Ibn Abdil Wahhaab) make for us, and why?
2. What is the meaning of obedience to Allaah?
3. Who is al-Haneef and what does this term mean?
4. What is Haneefiyyah?
5. What does making the religion purely for Him mean?
6. Why is the definition of Haneefiyyah incomplete without this?
7. What is the plural of Haneef?
8. What is the wisdom behind Allaah creating the Creation?
9. All the prophets after him are descendents of Ibraaheem (alaihis salaam). What
point of benefit does the Shaykh take from this?
10. He was an Imaam for mankind. What does this mean?
11. He was an Ummah (nation). What does this mean?
12. There are 2 parts to the religion: (1) foundations (aqeedah) and (2) branches
(shareeah). Which one of these two parts was the same for every prophet, and
therefore proves that their religion was the same as each others?
13. Proof for this is found in the 36th aayah of Soorah an-Nahl. It begins: And
verily, We have sent among every nation . Give the full translation.
14. Which of these 2 parts of the religion varied from nation to nation? Why?
15. When there is an abrogation, are we allowed to follow the abrogated ruling?
Page 9
Week 3
The Purification of Tawheed (Part 1 of 2)
Summary Diagram
Dhaariyaat 51:56

Nisaa 4:116
1st PRINCIPLE

Yunus 10:31
Text to memorise
When you acknowledge that Allaah has created you for His worship,
then know that worship is not regarded as such
unless it is accompanied by tawheed,
just as prayer is not regarded as prayer
unless it is accompanied by purification (tahaarah).
So when shirk enters into worship it corrupts it
just like an impurity invalidates purification.
Page 10
Questions
1. If Allaah created us for His worship, then why did He subjugate things
around us for our use?
2. The people who do not acknowledge the supreme wisdom behind their being
created (i.e. to worship Allaah), have been compared to animals. Explain why.
3. Allaah did not create us to earn or gather wealth for Him. Give the proof.
4. Allaah created us to worship Him. Does He need our worship?
5. Why is it from His Mercy that He commanded us to worship Him?
6. Worship needs two conditions for it to be accepted. What are they?
7. For each condition, state its opposite.
8. What can be said about an action that fulfils only one of the conditions of
worship?
9. If a person does an action seeking nearness to Allaah, but it is an action that
has no proof in the deen (religion), then which of the following statements is
true?
(a) It benefits him.
(b) It neither benefits nor harms him.
(c) It harms him.
10. There is nobody from the creation that we are obliged to follow except the
Messenger (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam). As for anyone else, following of them is
conditional on what?
11. There is an aayah of the Quraan that states whom we should obey. It is in
Soorah An-Nisaa. In this aayah, the words those in authority over you refer to 2
categories of people. Who are they?
12. When must we obey those in authority over you?
13. When must we disobey those in authority over you?
Page 11
Week 4
The Purification of Tawheed (Part 2 of 2)
Summary Diagram
Dhaariyaat 51:56

Nisaa 4:116
1st PRINCIPLE

Yunus 10:31
Text to memorise
So when you recognise that if shirk enters into worship, it corrupts it,
negates all the actions and the one who does it is eternally in the Hell-Fire,
then you will realise the most important matter obligatory upon you
is the recognition of this fact, in order that Allaah may save you from the abyss
of committing shirk with Him, about which He, the Most High, said:
Verily, Allaah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him in worship,
but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases.

An-Nisaa [4]:116
And this knowledge comprises four principles
which Allaah, the Most High, has mentioned in His Book.

Page 12
Questions
1. It is not enough to know only about tawheed. We must also know about shirk.
Why?
2. State two of the dangers of shirk for a person. What are they?
3. What are our 2 sources for learning about shirk?
4. Do these 2 sources contain enough clarification about shirk, its types, dangers,
etc?
5. Has Allaah forbidden us from anything and left the matter general without
clarification?
Page 13
Week 5
The First Principle
Summary Diagram
Nisaa 4:116
1st PRINCIPLE

2nd PRINCIPLE
Yunus 10:31
MUSHRIKS CALLED UPON OTHER THAN ALLAAH
Text to memorise
The first principle is that you know that the kuffaar (disbelievers)
whom the Messenger (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) fought
used to affirm that Allaah, the Most High, was the Creator and the Disposer of all
the affairs
but this did not enter them into Islaam
and the proof is His, the Most Highs, saying:
Say: Who provides for you from the sky and from the earth?
Or Who owns hearing and sight?
And Who brings out the living from the dead
and brings out the dead from the living?
And Who Disposes the affairs?
They will say: Allaah. Say: Will you not then be afraid of Allaahs Punishment
(for setting up rivals in worship with Allaah)? Yunus [10]:31
Page 14
Questions
1. The non believers whom the Prophet (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) used to
fight affirmed which category of tawheed, as proved by the aayah from Soorah
Yunus?
2. Does affirmation that Allaah alone is Rabb (Lord), i.e. tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah,
make a person Muslim?
3. Who denies tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah, i.e. who commits shirk in ruboobeeyah?
4. What is the brief definition of tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah that contains the word
actions?
5. Are there people who claim that tawheed is only the affirmation of tawheed urruboobeeyah, i.e. that anyone who affirms Allaah alone is Creator, Sustainer, the
Giver of life and death then that person is a Muslim?
6. What is the benefit for a person to affirm only tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah?
7. Tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah was not the tawheed that the Messengers were sent
with. Is this statement true or false?
8. There are people who believe that shirk means to believe that someone creates
and sustains alongside Allaah. What is the Shaykh al-Fawzaans response to
them?
Page 15
Week 6
The Second Principle (Part 1 of 3)
Summary Diagram
1st PRINCIPLE

Yunus 10:31
2nd PRINCIPLE MUSHRIKS CALLED UPON OTHER THAN ALLAAH

seeking nearness
Zumar 39:3
intercession
Yunus 10:18
Text to memorise
The second principle: that they (the mushrikeen) say:
We do not call upon and turn towards them
except to seek nearness and intercession (with Allaah).
So the proof against seeking nearness (through awliyaa) is His saying:
And those who take awliyaa besides Him (say):
We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allaah.
Verily, Allaah will judge between them concerning that wherein they differ.
Truly, Allaah guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.

Az-Zumar [39]:3
Page 16
Questions
1. The mushrikeen were called mushrikeen by Allaah. Will they ever leave the HellFire?
2. They did not commit shirk in ar-ruboobeeyah. In which category of tawheed did
they fall short and commit shirk?
3. What excuse did they give for this?
4. Is this a valid excuse?
5. Give an exact translation of the aayah in Soorah Az-Zumar that you are
expected to memorise this week.
Page 17
Week 7
Summary Diagram
seeking nearness
Zumar 39:3
intercession
Yunus 10:18
prohibited
affirmed
Baqarah 2:254
Baqarah 2:255
Text to memorise
And the proof against intercession (through awliyaa) is His, the Most Highs,
saying:
And they worship besides Allaah
things that hurt them not, nor profit them,
and they say: These are our intercessors with Allaah.

Yunus [10]:18
And intercession is of two types: the prohibited intercession and the affirmed
intercession.
The prohibited intercession is that which is sought from other than Allaah
concerning that which only Allaah is able to do.
Page 18
Questions
1. Did the mushrikeen acknowledge that their awliyaa could not benefit nor harm
them?
2. Why did they sacrifice and vow (i.e. perform acts of worship) for these
awliyaa?
3. Which people in our times are similar to them in this?
4. What is the Arabic word for intercession?
5. What are the 2 types of intercession?
6. What is the definition of the prohibited intercession given in the text by Ibn
Abdil Wahhaab rahimahullaah?
7. Shaykh al-Fawzaan states that the affirmed intercession has 2 conditions.

What are they?
8. What happens when one of the two conditions is missing?
9. Can intercession benefit a sinner, if he was a person who affirmed tawheed

(muwahhid)?
10. Can intercession benefit the kuffaar (disbelievers) and mushrikeen (people of
shirk)?
11. People who heard about intercession but were ignorant of its meaning and its
types fell into shirk. Where did they go wrong in their seeking intercession?
Page 19
Week 8
Summary Diagram
seeking nearness
Zumar 39:3
intercession
Yunus 10:18
prohibited
affirmed
Baqarah 2:254
Baqarah 2:255
Text to memorise
And the proof is His, the Most Highs, saying:
O you who believe! Spend of that with which We have provided for you,
before a Day comes when there will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor intercession.
And it is the disbelievers who are the Dhaalimoon (wrongdoers, etc).

Al-Baqarah [2]: 254
And the affirmed intercession is that which is sought from Allaah
while the intercessor is honoured with the intercession
and the one interceded for is someone whose deeds and speech are pleasing to Allaah,
After He gives permission, as He, the Most High, said:
Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His Permission?...
Al-Baqarah [2]:255
Page 20
Questions
1. Is intercession unrestricted?
2. Who will intercede for all the people ever created when they are standing
before their Lord on the Day of Judgement?
3. What will he do before he intercedes for them?
4. Only when will he intercede for them?
5. If a person seeks nearness and vows for the graves, then is intercession
granted for him?
6. How does Shaykh al-Fawzaan summarise negated intercession?
7. How does Shaykh al-Fawzaan summarise affirmed intercession?
Page 21
Week 9
The Third Principle (Part 1 of 6)
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon

Fussilat 41:37
angels
Imraan 3:80
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
The third principle is that the Prophet (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam)
encountered people differing in their worship.
Amongst them were people who worshipped the angels,
some who worshipped the prophets and the righteous men,
and others who worshipped stones and trees,
and others who worshipped the sun and the moon.
The Messenger of Allaah (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) fought them and did not
differentiate between them.
The proof is the saying of Allaah, The Most High:
And fight them until there is no more fitnah (disbelief and worshipping of others along
with Allaah) and all the deen is for Allaah (Alone)...
Al-Anfaal [8]:39
Page 22
Questions
1. The Prophet (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) was sent to the mushrikeen. Was their
shirk the same, or did different mushrikeen amongst them worship different
things?
2. The people of shirk cannot be united in their worship. Why not?
3. This is an absurdity of shirk. In which soorah will you find it mentioned as an

evidence for worshipping Allaah alone: Are many different lords (gods)
better or Allaah, The One, The Irresistible?
4. What happens to the number of differences between the people of shirk?
(a) It increases (b) It decreases (c) It stays the same
5. Who is like a slave with many masters he does not know which to please?
6. Who is like a slave belonging to only one owner who is pleased with him?
7. Where are these examples (i.e. in the previous 2 questions) taken from?
8. Are there different rulings concerning a person who worships a grave and a
person who worships an idol?
9. Shirk is the worship of other than Allaah, whatever and whoever it may be.
This is proven by the 36th aayah of Soorah An-Nisaa. Give its exact translation.
10. What is the significance of the word none in this aayah?
11. When Allaahs Messenger (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) fought the mushriks
on account of their continuing upon shirk, then did he treat any of them
differently because of what they worshipped other than Allaah?
12. The proof of this is the 39th aayah of Soorah Al-Anfaal. Give its exact
translation.
13. In this aayah, what is the meaning of fitnah?

14. The aayah does not say, fight them until they are all Muslims. Rather, what
does it say, and what does it mean?
Page 23
Week 10
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
angels
Fussilat 41:37 Imraan 3:80
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
And the proof that the sun and the moon [are worshipped] is the saying of The
Most High:
And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon.
Do not prostrate to the sun nor the moon,
but prostrate to Allaah who created them, if you truly worship Him.
Fussilat [41]:37
And the proof that the angels [are worshipped] is the saying of The Most High:
Nor would He order you to take angels and prophets for lords (gods).
Aali-Imraan [3]:80
Page 24
Questions
1. There really are people who prostrate to the sun and the moon. Give evidence.
2. Allahs Messenger (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) blocked off the paths leading
to these particular acts of shirk. How?
3. Which people today say that the one who worships the angels and prophets is
not a disbeliever?
Vocabulary Test
Give the Arabic words for the following. (They are all in the text that you have memorised so far.)
1.
the sun
13.
the stones
2.
the moon
14.
the trees
3.
the angels
15.
except
4.
the proof
16.
whoever
5.
the principle
17.
you recognise
6.
the intercession
18.
he wishes
7.
the action
19.
he said
8.
the throne
20.
he guides
9.
the purification
21.
he forgives
10.
the disbelievers
22.
Know!
11.
the night
23.
I ask
12.
the day
24.
I created
Quraan Quotes Revision

Complete each of the following translations and state the Soorah from which it is taken:
Verily, Allaah does not forgive that partners should be set up with Him "
And they worship besides Allaah things that hurt them not
O you who believe! Spend of that which We have provided for you before
And those who take awliyaa besides Him (say)
And I have not created the jinns and mankind except to
Page 25
Week 11
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
angels
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
And the proof that the prophets [are worshipped] is the saying of The Most High:
And when Allaah will say [on the Day of Resurrection]: O Eesaa ibn Maryam!
Did you say unto men,
Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allaah?
He will say, Glory be to you! It was not for me to say what I had no right [to say]
Had I said such a thing, You would surely have known it.
You know what is in my inner-self though I do not know what is in Yourself,
truly You are The All-Knower of all that is hidden.

Al-Maaidah [5]:116
Page 26
Questions
1. Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhaab quotes an aayah from Soorah Maaidah. As
stated in it, what will Allaah ask Eesaa (alaihis salaam)? (Give the exact
translation)
2. When will Allaah ask him this?
3. What will he (alaihis salaam) reply? (Give the exact translation)
Revision of Definitions
These are taken straight from the text that you have memorised so far.
Give the answers in Arabic and English.
1. What is the definition of Haneefiyyah?
2. What is the prohibited intercession?
3. What is the affirmed intercession?
Revision of Proofs
Give the proofs for the following statements using aayaat of the Quraan that you have memorised
in the text so far. Give the Arabic and its exact translation.
Intercession can only occur after the permission of Allaah has been granted.
It is not permissible to worship stones and trees.
The sun and the moon are worshipped and it is not permissible to prostrate to
them.
The kuffaar (disbelievers) affirmed Allaah was the Creator and Disposer of all
the affairs.
The angels are worshipped.
Allaah created us to worship Him.
Allaah does not forgive the sin of shirk.
Page 27
Weeks 12
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
angels
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
And the proof that the righteous [are worshipped] is the saying of the Most High:
Those whom they call upon desire [for themselves] means of access to their Lord
(Allaah),
as to which of them should be the nearest
and they hope for His Mercy and fear His Torment.
Al-Israa [17]:57
Page 28
Questions
NB There are more questions than usual this week. They continue over the page!
1. The aayah from Soorah Al-Israa refers to Eesaa (alaihis salaam) and which 2
other individuals, according to some scholars?
2. These 3 are slaves of Allaah, in need of Him. How do they seek nearness to
Him?
3. Why does this show that they are not deserving of being worshipped?
4. Give another interpretation of the aayah.
5. What is the meaning of waseelah in the Arabic language?
6. What is the meaning of waseelah in the shareeah (legislation) and in the aayah
from Soorah Al-Israa?
7. What is the incorrect definition of waseelah given by deviants and foolish

ones?
8. These deviants and foolish ones seek waseelah through awliyaa, the righteous
and the dead. Which 3 benefits are they trying to achieve?
9. It is as if they are saying what about Allaah?
10. These deviants use the same aayah (17:57) as a justification for their shirk! They
do not understand the definition of waseelah correctly. Instead, they twist the
meaning of waseelah to mean what?
NB This shows the importance of knowing definitions.

11. What is the waseelah that we are commanded with?
12. The mushriks call their actions waseelah, but in reality which sin are they
committing?
Page 29
13. This justification for evil is not new. State the aayah in Soorah Az-Zumar that
shows that the mushriks before them used exactly the same arguments for
exactly the same evil actions?
14. Shirk can never cause a person to draw nearer to Allaah. What does it achieve
instead?
15. In the aayah from Soorah Al-Israa, what is the meaning of: Those whom they
call upon (desire for themselves) means of access to their Lord?
16. In the aayah, what is the meaning of: which of them should be nearest?
17. What does Shaykh al-Fawzaan say about the statement: they hope for His
Mercy and fear His torment?
Helpful Hint
Definitions
Whenever you come across a definition of an important word (waseelah, haneefiyyah, worship,
etc) in a book/dars (lesson), then write it out onto an index card (size: 4x6 inches).
Leave the back of the card blank for the Arabic in case you come across it in the future.
Make sure you write you reference, i.e. whose definition it is and where you came across it.
Memorise the definition.
Keep your index cards together.
You can do the same with Quraan quotes and hadeeths that you memorise.
Sample:
Haneefiyyah
It is the religion of Ibraaheem (alaihis salaam).
It is that you worship Allaah
Making the religion purely for Him.
Reference: The Four Principles

by Muhammad Ibn Abdil Wahhaab
If you have memorised the text of The Three Principles, you should know these from Ibn Abdil
Wahhaabs text itself (in Arabic and English):
Definitions of the following:
Meanings of the following:
ilm
haneefiyyah
tawheed
shirk
aalam
deenul Islaam
ihsaan
hijrah
ath thaqalayn
taaghoot
Deenul Islaam
Shahaadatu an Laa ilaaha illallaah
Shahaadatu anna Muhammadur rasoolullaah
Lists of the following:

3 levels of the deen
5 pillars of Islaam
6 pillars of Eemaan
5 heads of the taaghoots
Page 30
Revision of the Explanation
The following questions are identical to ones that you have already answered. Can you remember the answers?
1. The mushrikoon did not commit shirk in ar-ruboobeeyah. In which category of

tawheed did they fall short and commit shirk?
2. Why is it from His Mercy that He commanded us to worship Him?
3. How does Shaykh al-Fawzaan summarise negated intercession?
4. It is not enough to know only about tawheed. We must also know about shirk.
Why?
5. What is the brief definition of tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah that contains the word
actions?
6. Who is al-Haneef and what does this term mean?
7. How does Shaykh al-Fawzaan summarise affirmed intercession?
8. Which people today say that the one who worships the angels and prophets is
not a disbeliever?
9. What are the sources from which we take knowledge and understanding of
tawheed and shirk?
10. What happens to the number of differences between the people of shirk?
(a) It increases (b) It decreases (c) It stays the same
11. Tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah was not the tawheed that the Messengers were sent
with. Is this statement true or false?
12. What is the wisdom behind Allaah creating the Creation?
13. Worship needs two conditions for the worship to be accepted. What are they?
14. For each condition, state its opposite.
15. Does affirmation that Allaah alone is Rabb (Lord), i.e. tawheed ur-ruboobeeyah,
make a person Muslim?
16. Did the mushrikeen acknowledge that their awliyaa could not benefit nor harm
them?
17. With what does Allaah support His believing slave in this world?
18. With what does Allaah support His believing slave in the Hereafter?
19. In the 39th aayah of Soorah al-Anfaal, what is the meaning of fitnah?
20. Whom does Allaah test the most?
Page 31
Week 13
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
angels
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
And the proof that stones and trees [are worshipped] is His, The Most Highs
saying:
Have you considered al-Laat and al-Uzza. And Manaat, the other third?
An-Najm [53]:19-20
Test Yourself
Revise your memorisation of the whole book so far.
Recite it to yourself and record it. Listen to it carefully to correct your mistakes.
Alternatively, recite it to a friend, asking them to correct every error, no matter
how small.
Page 32
Questions
1. There is an aayah in Soorah An-Najm that proves that some of the mushrikeen
worshipped stones and trees. In this aayah, what is the meaning of: Have you
considered?
2. How many of the major idols of the Arabs are named in the aayah?
3. The Arabs worshipped an idol named al-Laat.
(a) Where was it?
(b) What was it made of?
(c) What was it surrounded by?
(d) Who were sent to destroy it?
4. Who was al-Laatt (with a shaddah on the taa)?
5. The Arabs worshipped another idol named al-Uzza.
(a) Where was it?
(b) What was it?
(c) Who used to fool the people who visited it, and how?
(d) Who were the main people who used to visit it?
(e) Who was sent to destroy it?
(f) How did he destroy it?
6. The third major idol of the Arabs was named Manaat.
(a) Where was it?
(b) What was it?
(c) Which tribes in particular venerated it?
(d) How was it connected to their Hajj rites?
(e) Who was sent to destroy it?
7. After which major event did Allaahs Messenger (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam)
send Companions to the major idols of the Arabs to destroy them?
8. How does the destruction of these idols clarify the meaning of the aayah from
Soorah An-Najm?
Page 33
Week 14
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
angels
4th PRINCIPLE
prophets
Maaidah 5:116
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
Israa 17:57
stones & trees
Najm 53:19-20
Hadeeth DhaatAnwaat
Text to memorise
And the hadeeth of Aboo Waaqid al-Laythee (may Allaah be pleased with Him)
[who] said:
We departed with the Prophet (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) to Hunayn
and we had recently left kufr.
The mushrikeen used to have a tree which they used to devote themselves to and
hang their weapons upon;
they used to call it Dhaat Anwaat.
We passed by a tree and said:
O Messenger of Allaah, appoint for us a Dhaat Anwaat
like they have a Dhaat Anwaat2
He said: Allaahu Akbar, Allaahu Akbar, Allaahu Akbar!
By The One in Whose Hand is my soul, these are the ways.
The like of what you have said is what Banoo Israaeel said to Moosaa,
Make for us a god as they have gods.
He said, Verily, you are an ignorant people. [Al-Araaf [7]:138]
(at-Tirmidhee and others)
2
The author, Ibn Abdil Wahhaab rahimahullaah, quotes the hadeeth up to this point, and then indicates the rest without
stating the actual words. However, the full hadeeth has been included here to aid memorisation.
Page 34
Questions
1. When did Aboo Waaqid al-Laythee (radhi Allaahu anhu) accept Islaam?
2. What is the significance of him mentioning that some of the Companions had
recently accepted Islaam?
3. Where were the Companions going?

4. The mushriks had a tree. Which 2 actions of shirk did they perform there?
5. Which category of tawheed did they violate at their tree?

6. What was the name of the tree?
7. What excuse do we make for the Companions, i.e. what led them to request a
tree where they could commit shirk?
8. What similar request did the Banoo Israaeel make from Moosaa (alaihis salaam)?
9. Moosaa (alaihis salaam) understood what had led them to make this request.
What was it?
10. Why is this an incentive for us to learn about shirk?
11. Explain why the people of Moosaa (alaihis salaam) and the Companions in this
hadeeth did not commit shirk.
12. What is the meaning of akoof (devotion) of the tree in the hadeeth?
13. How does the hadeeth show the danger of being ignorant about tawheed?
14. How does the hadeeth show the danger of resembling the mushrikeen?
15. Why is seeking blessings through stones/trees/buildings/etc shirk?
16. Do people ever try to beautify shirk by giving it a different name?

Page 35
Week 15
The Fourth Principle
Summary Diagram
3rd PRINCIPLE

sun & moon
4th PRINCIPLE
angels
prophets
Anfaal 8:39
righteous
stones & trees

shirk at times of ease & difficulty
shirk only at times of ease

Ankaboot 29:65
Text to memorise
The fourth principle is
that the mushrikeen of our time are worse in their shirk than the mushrikeen who
came before.
This is because those who came before committed shirk during times of ease
And made worship purely for Allaah during times of difficulty.
However, the shirk of the mushrikeen of our time is continuous, during times of
ease and difficulty.
The evidence is His, the Most Highs saying:
And when they embark on a ship they invoke Allaah making their faith purely
for Him only,
but when He brings them safely to land, behold, they give a share of their
worship to others. Al-Ankaboot [29]:65
Page 36
Questions
1. What is the fourth principle?
2. And when a wave covers them like shades, they invoke Allaah, making their
religion purely for Him [Soorah Luqmaan (31):32] What do the underlined
words mean?
3. The mushriks used to worship idols/stones/etc at times of ease, but turned to

only Allaah at times of difficulty. How is this an argument for the futility of
their worshipping idols/stones/etc at times of ease?
4. The mushriks of present times do shirk at times of difficulty too. In fact, how
does the severity of their shirk change with the level of difficulty?
5. Give examples of some of the sayings of the present day mushriks that Shaykh
Al-Fawzaan mentions regarding their beliefs at times of difficulties.
6. Who wrote the book Kashf ush-shubuhaat?
7. In terms of what they worship, why are the mushriks of our time worse than
the mushriks of previous times?
Are you ready for the test next week?
Page 37
Week 16
Test
You are expected to take the answers directly from the text of the book by Imaam Muhammad
ibn Abdil Wahhaab that you have memorised.
The questions are NOT on the explanation by Shaykh al-Fawzaan.

The test should take about an hour.
The number of marks for each question is given in brackets after it.
The total number of marks is 80. You may consider the pass mark to be 60. (This is 75%.)
However, do not feel obliged to stick to the mark scheme. It is more important to understand
the text than to quibble over marks.
1.
What are the 3 signs of happiness?

i. _________________________________________
ii. _________________________________________
iii. _________________________________________ (3)
2.
What is Haneefiyyah?
_________________________________________
_________________________________________ (2)
3.
Allaah created us to worship Him. From which soorah of the

Quraan does the Imaam quote proof for this?
___________________
(1)
4.
The comparison of worship and tawheed is like the comparison of

____________ and ___________. (Fill in the gaps.)
(2)
5.
Fill in the gaps: So when shirk enters into worship _____

________________________________________
________________________________________. (2)
6.
Which actions of worship are accepted that contain shirk?

___________________
(1)
7.
Can the one who dies upon shirk enter Paradise? ______ (1)
8.
What is the proof that shirk cannot be forgiven? (Give the exact
translation of the aayah.)
________________________________________
________________________________________ (2)
9.
Which soorah is this aayah from?

___________________
Page 38
(1)
Test - SalafiPublications.com
10. For each of the principles, write down whether it is the 1st, 2nd, 3rd
(4)
or 4th:
People worshipped different things. Allaahs Messenger sall
Allaahu alaihi wa sallam fought them all.
____
The mushriks gave two reasons for their shirk.
____
The mushriks now are worse than the mushriks then.
____
The mushriks affirmed that Allah was the Creator and the
Disposer of affairs, but this did not make them Muslims. ____
11. The aayah quoted from Soorah Yoonus mentions 5 things that the
mushriks affirmed. They all come under the category of
ruboobeeyah. What are they?
i. ___________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________ (5)
12. In this aayah, what was Allaahs Messenger sall Allaahu alaihi wa
sallam told to say to them?
___________________________________________ (1)
13. The mushriks called upon other than Allaah. What 2 excuses did
they give for this? (Give the words in Arabic and English)
i. __________________________________________
ii. __________________________________________ (4)
14. Fill in the gaps in the aayah from Soorah Az-Zumar:
And those who take ________ besides Him (say): We worship
them only that they may _____________________________.
Verily, Allaah will judge between them concerning that wherein
they differ. Truly, Allaah guides not him who is a ___________
and a ___________.
(4)
15. The Imaam quotes an aayah from Soorah Yoonus as a proof
against intercession through awliyaa. Give its translation.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (3)
16. Fill in the gaps in the aayah from Soorah Al-Baqarah:
Page 39
O _________________! Spend of that which we have provided

for you, before a Day comes when there will be no _________
nor ___________ nor ___________. And it is the disbelievers
who are the _____________________.
(5)
17. The Imaam rahimahullaah makes 4 points about the accepted
intercession. What are they?
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (4)
18. In which Soorah is proof for the last of these?

___________________
(1)
19. Fill in the gaps in the aayah from Soorah Al-Anfaal:

And fight them until _______________________________
________________________________________________ (2)
20. The Imaam states that we should not worship the sun or the
moon. Which Soorah does he quote this proof from?
___________________
(1)
21. Fill in the gaps in the aayah from Soorah Aal-Imraan:

Nor would He order you to take ___________ and __________
as ___________.
(3)
22. Allaah will ask Eesaa alaihis salaam if he told people to worship
him and his mother. What will he reply?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (5)
23. We should not worship righteous people. Give a translation of
the aayah that the Imaam uses as proof for this.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (3)
Page 40
24. What are the names of the 3 gods mentioned in Soorah An-Najm
aayahs 19-20? (Take care to use al correctly in their names.)
i.
ii.
iii.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
(3)
25. The shaykh quotes a hadeeth reported by At-Tirmidhi and

Ahmad. These questions relate to it.
Name the Companion who reported it. _______________
(1)
Had he been Muslim long? _______
(1)
The mushriks had a tree. What was it called? ____________ (1)

What did they used to do with it? (i) __________________
(ii) __________________ (2)

Some of the Companions wanted a tree for the same purposes.
This saying of their was like the saying of _______________ to

______. (Fill in the gaps.)
(2)
Their sayings are found in an aayah of Soorah Al-Araaf. Give
the translation.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (3)
26. Why are the mushriks of our time worse than those who came
before?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (2)
27. There is an explanation of the way of the mushriks who came
before in Soorah Al-Ankaboot. Give a translation of the aayah.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ (3)
If you scored less than you hoped for, then look carefully at your mistakes,
and continue to study the book until you have mastered it.
Page 41
In the Name of Allaah, The Extremely Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.
English Translation of
The Four Principles
I ask Allaah, the Most Generous, the Lord of the Tremendous Throne,
to protect you in this world and the Hereafter, and to bless you
wherever you are, and to make you from those who are grateful when
they are given, patient when they are tested and those who seek
forgiveness when they sin. For verily, those are the three signs of
happiness.
Know, may Allaah guide you to obeying Him, that Haneefiyyah is the
religion of Ibraaheem. It is that you worship Allaah making the
religion purely for Him, as He said:
And I have not created the jinn and mankind except to worship Me
(Alone).
Soorah Adh-Dhaariyaat [51]: 56
When you acknowledge that Allaah has created you for His worship,
then know that worship is not regarded as such unless it is
accompanied by tawheed, just as prayer is not regarded as prayer
unless it is accompanied by purification (tahaarah).
So when shirk enters into worship it corrupts it just like an impurity
invalidates purification. So when you recognise that if shirk enters
into worship, it corrupts it, negates all the actions and the one who
does it is eternally in the Hell-Fire, then you will realise the most
important matter obligatory upon you is the recognition of this fact, in
order that Allaah may save you from the abyss of committing shirk
with Him, about which He, the Most High, said:
Verily, Allaah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him
in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He
pleases.
Soorah An-Nisaa [4]:116
And this knowledge comprises four principles which Allaah, the Most
High, has mentioned in His Book.
Page 42
Text of the Book - SalafiPublications.com

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:

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:
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Page 43
The first principle

is that you know that the kuffaar (disbelievers) whom the Messenger
(sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) fought used to affirm that Allaah, the
Most High, was the Creator and the Disposer of all the affairs but this
did not enter them into Islaam and the proof is His, the Most Highs,
saying:
Say: Who provides for you from the sky and from the earth? Or Who
owns hearing and sight? And Who brings out the living from the dead
and brings out the dead from the living? And Who Disposes the
affairs? They will say: Allaah. Say: Will you not then be afraid of
Allaahs Punishment (for setting up rivals in worship with Allaah)?
Soorah Yunus [10]:31
The second principle:

that they (the mushrikoon) say: We do not call upon and turn towards
them except to seek nearness and intercession (with Allaah). So the
proof against seeking nearness (through awliyaa) is His saying:
And those who take awliyaa besides Him (say): We worship them
only that they may bring us near to Allaah. Verily, Allaah will judge
between them concerning that wherein they differ. Truly, Allaah
guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.
Soorah Az-Zumar [39]:3
Page 44

( )

.

:

( : )

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:

:

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Page 45
And the proof against intercession (through awliyaa) is His, the Most
Highs, saying:
And they worship besides Allaah things that hurt them not, nor
profit them, and they say: These are our intercessors with Allaah.
Soorah Yunus [10]:18
And intercession is of two types: the prohibited intercession and the

affirmed intercession. The prohibited intercession is that which is
sought from other than Allaah concerning that which only Allaah is
able to do. And the proof is His, the Most Highs, saying:
O you who believe! Spend of that with which We have provided for
you, before a Day comes when there will be no bargaining, nor
friendship, nor intercession. And it is the disbelievers who are the
Dhaalimoon (wrongdoers, etc).
Soorah Al-Baqarah [2]: 254
And the affirmed intercession is that which is sought from Allaah

while the intercessor is honoured with the intercession and the one
interceded for is someone whose deeds and speech are pleasing to
Allaah, after He gives permission, as He, the Most High, said:
Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His
Permission?...
Soorah Al-Baqarah [2]:255
Page 46

( : )

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:
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( : )

( : )
Page 47
The third principle:

is that the Prophet (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) encountered people
differing in their worship. Amongst them were people who
worshipped the angels, some who worshipped the prophets and the
righteous men, and others who worshipped stones and trees, and
others who worshipped the sun and the moon. The Messenger of
Allaah (sall Allaahu alaihi wa sallam) fought them and did not
differentiate between them. The proof is the saying of Allaah, The
Most High:
And fight them until there is no more fitnah (disbelief and
worshipping of others along with Allaah) and all the deen is for
Allaah (Alone)...
Soorah Al-Anfaal [8]:39
And the proof that the sun and the moon [are worshipped] is the
saying of The Most High:
And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and
the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun nor the moon, but prostrate to
Allaah who created them, if you truly worship Him.
Soorah Fussilat [41]:37
And the proof that the angels [are worshipped] is the saying of The
Most High:
Nor would He order you to take angels and prophets for lords
(gods).
Soorah Aali-Imraan [3]:80
Page 48

( )
.

:
.

.

( )
:

( : )

( : )
:

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Page 49
And the proof that the prophets [are worshipped] is the saying of The
Most High:
And when Allaah will say [on the Day of Resurrection]: O Eesaa
ibn Maryam! Did you say unto men, Worship me and my mother as
two gods besides Allaah? He will say, Glory be to you! It was not
for me to say what I had no right [to say] Had I said such a thing, You
would surely have known it. You know what is in my inner-self
though I do not know what is in Yourself, truly You are The AllKnower of all that is hidden.
Soorah Al-Maaidah [5]:116
And the proof that the righteous [are worshipped] is the saying of the
Most High:
Those whom they call upon desire [for themselves] means of access
to their Lord (Allaah), as to which of them should be the nearest and
they hope for His Mercy and fear His Torment.
Soorah Al-Israa [17]:57
And the proof that stones and trees [are worshipped] is His, The Most
Highs saying:
Have you considered al-Laat and al-Uzza. And Manaat, the other
third?
Soorah An-Najm [53]:19-20
And the hadeeth of Aboo Waaqid al-Laythee (may Allaah be pleased

with Him) [who] said: We departed with the Prophet (sall Allaahu
alaihi wa sallam) to Hunayn and we had recently left kufr. The
mushrikeen used to have a tree which they used to devote themselves
to and hang their weapons upon; they used to call it Dhaat Anwaat.
We passed by a tree and said: O Messenger of Allaah, appoint for us
a Dhaat Anwaat like they have a Dhaat Anwaat.3 He said: Allaahu
akbar, Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar! By The One in Whose Hand is my soul,
these are the ways. The like of what you have said is what Banoo Israaeel said
to Moosaa, Make for us a god as they have gods. He said, Verily, you
are an ignorant people. [Al-Araaf [7]:138] (at-Tirmidhee and others)
The author, Ibn Abdil Wahhaab rahimahullaah, quotes the hadeeth up to this point, and then indicates the rest without
Page 50

( : )

( : )

( : )

: -

:

4

[

] :

.

4 The author, Ibn Abdil Wahhaab rahimahullaah, quotes the hadeeth up to this point, and then indicates the rest without
Page 51
The fourth principle:

is that the mushrikeen of our time are worse in their shirk than the
mushrikeen who came before. This is because those who came before
committed shirk during times of ease and made worship purely for
Allaah during times of difficulty. However, the shirk of the mushrikeen
of our time is continuous, during times of ease and difficulty. The
evidence is His, the Most Highs saying:
And when they embark on a ship they invoke Allaah making their
faith purely for Him only, but when He brings them safely to land,
behold, they give a share of their worship to others.
Al-Ankaboot [29]:65
Page 52

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:

( : )
Page 53
Dont forget to:
Page 54
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The Four Principles

By Muhammad ibn Abdil Wahhaab

MEMORISE UNDERSTAND TEST YOURSELF

Weekly Study Plans

Text of The Four Principles (Arabic & English)

Study Guide: The Four Principles

What is in this Study Guide?

Understand the translation well.1

In some units you will be asked revision questions.

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Introductory words - SalafiPublications.com

= to worship Allaah making

Worship needs tawheed

MUSHRIKS AFFIRMED TAWHEED UR-RUBOOBEEYAH

MUSHRIKS CALLED UPON OTHER THAN ALLAAH

PEOPLE WORSHIPPED DIFFERENT THINGS

sun & moon

stones & trees

MUSHRIKS NOW ARE WORSE THAN THOSE MUSHRIKS

Study Guide: The Four Principles

shirk only at times of ease

Summary Diagram - SalafiPublications.com

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Progress Chart - SalafiPublications.com

= to worship Allaah making

In the Name of Allaah, The Extremely Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy.

to protect you in this world and the Hereafter,

and to bless you wherever you are,

For verily, those are the three signs of happiness.

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

Take your answers directly from the explanation by Shaykh Al-Fawzaan

2. Summarise, in a few words, the general meaning of these four principles.

8. What are the 3 marks of happiness mentioned in the text?

10. Whom does Allaah test the most?

11. When the hypocrite is tested, then how does he respond?

12. Are any of us free from sin?

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

= to worship Allaah making

Worship needs tawheed

Know, may Allaah guide you to obeying Him,

that Haneefiyyah is the religion of Ibraaheem:

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

The Purification of Tawheed (Part 1 of 2)

Worship needs tawheed

MUSHRIKS AFFIRMED TAWHEED UR-RUBOOBEEYAH

then know that worship is not regarded as such

unless it is accompanied by tawheed,

just as prayer is not regarded as prayer

unless it is accompanied by purification (tahaarah).

So when shirk enters into worship it corrupts it

just like an impurity invalidates purification.

Study Guide: The Four Principles

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

Weekly Study Plans - SalafiPublications.com

The Purification of Tawheed (Part 2 of 2)

Worship needs tawheed

MUSHRIKS AFFIRMED TAWHEED UR-RUBOOBEEYAH

but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases.