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Continuous
Plug Flow Reactor
CSTR
Open system
Steady State
Continuous
Close system
Well mixed
Transient
Open system
Steady State
Well mixed
Figure 2. A batch reactor. Figure 1. A plug flow reactor, and continuous stirred
tank reactor.
V=
FAo FA
rA
FA = FAo X A FAo
In terms of
conversion, XA?
What volume do you need for a certain amount of conversion?
V=
FAo X A
rA
where rA is evaluated at the reactor concentration. This is the same as the exit
concentration because the system is well mixed.
For a liquid phase with constant P:
FAo = C Ao v0 (v0 =volumetric flow rate)
FA = C Av0
V C Ao X A
=
v0
rA
V
= average time a volume element of fluid stays in the reactor
v0
Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
C Ao X A
rA
C A = C Ao (1 X A )
rA = kC Ao (1 X A )
C Ao X A
XA
=
reactor size in terms of conversion and rate constant
kC Ao (1 X A ) k (1 X A )
XA =
k
1+ k
Da = k
XA =
Da
1 + Da
therefore:
As Da, XA1
As Da, XA0 (molecule probably leaves before it can react)
For a liquid at constant pressure with 2nd order kinetics:
rA = kC A2
= kC Ao 2 (1 X A )
C Ao X A
C Ao X A
XA
=
=
2
2
rA
kC Ao (1 X A )
kC Ao 2 (1 X A )
XA =
(1 + 2 kC Ao )
1 + 4 kC Ao
2 kC Ao
Lecture #5
Page 2 of 4
Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Da =
kC Ao 2 V
= kC Ao
C Ao vo
XA =
(1 + 2 Da )
1 + 4 Da
2 Da
FAo FA + rAV =
dN A
dt
C Ao C A + rA =
dC A
dt
non-dimensionalize
C
C A = A
C Ao
t
t =
C Ao dC A
C Ao C Ao C A kC Ao C A =
dt
Da
dC A P
+ 1 + k C A = 1
dt
dC A
+ (1 + Da ) C A = 1
dt
C A = 0, t = 0
we have the solution:
C A =
1 e (1+ Da )t
1 + Da
1 + Da
Lecture #5
Page 3 of 4
Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
C A
1
1 + Da
1 + Da
The time at which of the steady state concentration of CA is achieved is the half
time:
ln(2)
1 + Da
CSTRs in Series
(Liquid and at constant pressure)
CA0
Da2
Da1
CA2
Figure 4. Two tanks in series. The output of the first tank is the input of the second
tank.
C A1 =
C A0
1 + Da1
C A2 =
C A0
(1 + Da1 )(1 + Da2 )
C An =
C A0
(1+ Da )
Lecture #5
Page 4 of 4
Cite as: William Green, Jr., course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].